Jack designed his magazine to appeal to his target audience based on uses and gratifications theory. He included popular bands from his survey on the front cover to trigger people to buy the magazine if they recognize a band they like. During pre-production, Jack created and distributed a survey to his target audience to collect relevant information to use when constructing his magazine. While constructing the magazine, Jack avoided signs that could be misinterpreted and added wings to the subject on the front cover based on feedback from hot-desking peers.