My Thesis - SAP ,Anna University

1. EVALUATION OF FLAGSHIP RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN THENI
DISTRICT
RAMDASS.T - 2011803010
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING
SAP, ANNA UNIVERSITY
TITLE: EVALUATION OF FLAGSHIP RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN THENI DISTRICT
INTRODUCTION:
Flagship schemes of the government of India are those schemes which are declared so by the union cabinet or the
Development Evaluation Advisory Committee (DEAC) of Planning Commission. The list of flagship programmes can be modified
by the DEAC or the Government
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Programme:.
Accelerated Irrigation Benefit
Programme (AIBP)
Indira Awas Yojana (IAY)
Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission
(JNNURM)
Prime Minister's Gram Sadak Yojana
(PMGSY)
National Rural Health Mission(NRHM)
National Drinking Water Supply Programme & Total
Sanitation Campaign
Integrated Child Development Services
(ICDS)
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA
Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidyutikaran Yojana (RGGVY) Rashtriya Krishi Vikash Yojana (RKVY) Mid Day Meal Scheme (MDMS)
The Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) was notified in 2005 and implemented on
2006 covering 200 districts in its first phase and was extended to 130 additional districts in 2007-2008. All the remaining rural
areas have been notified with effect from 2008. This Act to provide a legal guarantee of 100 days of wage employment in a
financial year to every rural household whose adult members volunteer to do unskilled manual work.
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) was launched on 25th December 2000 by the Government of India as a 100%
Centrally Sponsored Scheme to provide road connectivity in rural areas of the country. To provide all weather roads to
unconnected habitations having population more than 500.

2. z
AIM:
Evaluation of flagship rural program Mahatma Gandhi National Rural
Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) and Pradhan Mantri Gram
Sadak Yojana (PMGSY).
OBJECTIVE:
To study the appropriates in selection of project towards
the overall development of the settlement –Theni district
To assess the impact of the programme on socio-economic
conditions of the beneficiary in MGNREGS
To suggest suitable measure for improving the efficient of
flagship rural development programme.
SCOPE & LIMITATION:
Empolyeement generation
Renovation of water bodies including the silting of tank
Help to improve the ecological balance in rural area of BPL
people livelihood
NEED FOR STUDY:
80% of the rural development budget is been allocated for
MGNREGA and PMGSY.
The above two program is been introduced in 11th five year
plan, It is also been continued in 12th five year plan as an
important program.
People like SC/ST and women have been more beneficiaries
by the program as per 11th five year plan report.
STUDY AREA:
My study area in THENI District
Area 2,889 km2
Population (2011) 1,243,684
Male 624,922
Female 618,762
Density 430/km2
Literacy rate 71.58%
No of Taluk 5
No of Block 8
No of Revenue
Village
113
No of Village 130
No of Town
Panchayats
13
Theni
Land development
EVALUATION OF FLAGSHIP RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN THENI
DISTRICT
RAMDASS.T - 2011803010
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING
SAP, ANNA UNIVERSITY

3. METHODOLOGY:
 Major Type of works under the scheme Water
conservation and Water harvesting
 Potential to increase agriculture production
 50 Crore is Fund allotted only for Theni district
under MGNRGA scheme.
 There are around 1.35 Lakhs HH people available
to work under MGNAREGA scheme.
 Many works are been available since Theni district
is full of natural resources, more number of Water
bodies and Agricultural fields are available.
POTENTIALS
EVALUATION OF FLAGSHIP RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN THENI
DISTRICT
RAMDASS.T - 2011803010
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING
SAP, ANNA UNIVERSITY

4. Estimation and Budget Allocation
INDIA UNION BUDGETS
2011-2012 in
Crores
2012-2013 in
Crores
Total Budget Outlay
5,92,456 6,50,109
Allocation Revised Rural
Development
76,800 73,175
MGNREGA
40,000
( 52%)
33,000
(45%)
PMGSY
20,000
(26%)
24,000
(32%)
Contribution of MGNREGA & PMGSY Outlays to Total Ministry of Rural
Development outlays.
MGNREGA (2011-12) PMGSY (2011-2012)
Final Outlay in Cr Actual Final Outlay in Cr
India 40000 39100 India 20000
Tamil Nadu 5553 -- Tamil Nadu 469
Theni 50 -- Theni ---
Source: Five year plan(2011, 2013) Source: DRDA & MoRD
 The government of India has budgeted an outlay of total Rs 2, 13,325 Cr to
Ministry of Rural Development in last three years (FY 2010- FY 2013) and
the ministry has allocated as Rs 1, 13,100 Cr outlay for MGNREGA scheme.
 This is almost MGNREGA 53 % and PMGSY 27% allocation which signifies
the importance given to this Two schemes.
Funding Pattern:
 The cost of the scheme is shared between the Centre and the State in the
ratio of 90:10
 75 (Central) & State 25 present of the cost of material and wages for skilled
and semi-skilled workers Source: DRDA & MoRD
EVALUATION OF FLAGSHIP RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN THENI
DISTRICT
RAMDASS.T - 2011803010
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING
SAP, ANNA UNIVERSITY

5. EVALUATION OF FLAGSHIP RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN THENI
DISTRICT
RAMDASS.T - 2011803010
DR.S.R.MASILAMANI
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING
SAP, ANNA UNIVERSITY
Implementation work (MGNREGA & PMGSY)
Mahatma Gandhi NREGA Implementation for the financial year work allocation (2011-2012)
State/District
Rural Connectivity
State/District
Water Conservation and
Water Harvesting
State/District
Micro Irrigation Works
State/District
Renovation of
Traditional Water
bodies
No .of Works
Taken up
Completed
No.of
Works
Taken up
Completed
No.of
Works
Taken up
Completed
No.of
Works
Taken up
Completed
Tamil Nadu 37021 7759 Tamil Nadu 24985 4579 Tamil Nadu 19202 3265 Tamil Nadu 55971 11585
Theni 256 82 Theni 191 81 Theni 177 64 Theni 37 8
Minimum
The Nilgiris
221 89
Min
Kaniyakumari
7 0 Min Krishnagiri 1 0 Min The Nilgiris 9 4
Max Tiruppur
2826 788
Max
Kanchipuram
4722 463
Max
Nagapattinam
5125 249
Max
Thiruvannamalai
5786 588
235
63
117
35
165
185
134
67
80
20
35
8
82 60
49
29
76
18
40
13
27
56
22
5
79
25
42
14
56
69
63
33
Analysis of work
No. of works Taken up No. of works completed
No. of works ongoing No. of works not started
The number of work available the
Theni district is 1001in that 636
works an already completed & only
365 works as remaining for
completion
Maximum works is being done is
Andipatti and Minimum work is being
tone by Cumbum
Every year the count of HH and Job
cards is Increasing
S.no Types Year
No of
Road
Total
Length
(Km)
Amount
(Lakhs)
1 Phase I 2001-02 14 23.2 305.65
2 Phase II 2002-03 13 34.15 825.65
3 Phase III 2003-04 22 36.17 1120.57
4 Phase IV 2004-05 1 4.8 179.59
5 Phase V 2005-06 3 7.6 217.54
6 Phase VI 2006-07 1 1.3 19
7 Phase VII 2007-08 1 2.6 66.53
Connected Habitation in Above 250 Population
Source: DRDA
Source: MNREGA Website
Source: BDO
PMGSY

6. 0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000
Year No of Villages No of Households No of Job cards
#REF!
#REF!
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EVALUATION OF FLAGSHIP RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN THENI
DISTRICT
RAMDASS.T - 2011803010
DR.S.R.MASILAMANI
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING
SAP, ANNA UNIVERSITY
2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 20011-12 2012-13
Theni
No of Villages 130 130 130 130 130
No of Households 24789 58485 73873 103486 135605
No of Job cards 33217 70324 103422 167764 191688
Persondays of
Employment
3371552 7137886 10497333 17028046 19456332
0
5000000
10000000
15000000
20000000
25000000
AxisTitle
Analysis of Job cards and HH of comperation year
wise
Block Name
No. of
Registered
SCs STs Others
Men Women
House
hold
Persons
House
hold
Person
s
House
hold
Perso
ns
Househol
d
Persons
Andipatti 31853 47652 8000 12678 12 14 23841 34960 17062 30590
Bodinaickanur 16645 21737 2459 3384 132 200 14054 18153 6127 15610
Chinnamanur 13426 18098 2436 3835 8 11 10982 14252 5556 12542
Cumbum 4626 6053 818 1182 1 1 3807 4870 2277 3776
Myladumparai 22543 34414 4597 6984 169 231 17777 27199 13633 20781
Periyakulam 22159 28671 6933 9252 44 71 15182 19348 8557 20114
Theni 15417 21880 4037 6653 2 3 11378 15224 5615 16265
Uthamapalayam 10348 14908 1532 2525 0 0 8816 12383 4690 10218
WAGE PAYMENTS SYSTEMS
Activity
Day
1
Day
2
Day
3
Day
4
Day
5
Day
6
Day
7
Day
8
Day
9
Day
10
Day
11
Day
12
Day
13
Day
14
Day
15
Executing works
Making & Checking Measurement
Data Entry at Computer center
Pay Order generation & Preparation
of cheques
Handing over cheques to SPO/ Banks
Conveyance of Cash to paying agency
at GP level
Disbursement of wages by paying
agency
 Employment shall be provided
within a radius of 5km.from their
residence
 If Employment is outside 5km it
must be provide within block
within block with 10% extra wage
to transportation and living
expenses
 People should be Paid within 15
days
SC/ST Physical Achievements under NREGS in Theni Dt

7. Un Connected Habitation in Below 250 Population
Block Name Village Name
Populatio
n
Categor
y of
Road
Length
in (Km)
Bodinayakkanur
Kurangani 238 VR 6
Karipatty 230 VR 5.2
kallar 120 VR 3.6
sadaiyalpatti 180 VR 3
Nagalapuram 210 VR 4
Kundalnayakkanpatti 220 VR 3
Soolapuram 160 VR 7.6
Silamalai 225 VR 2
Kottakudi 287 VR 1.42
Boodendrapuram 241 VR 2.8
K.Mayiladumpara
i
Nochiodai 165 VR 3.5
Melabommarajapuram 205 VR 7
keelabommarajapuram 217 VR 6.5
IndraNagar 238 VR 3
Ghandhipuram 180 VR 3.7
Vandiyur 215 VR 1.8
Puzanathu 236 VR 5
Oorathamedu 178 VR 2.6
Outcomes of Flagship Programme
18-30 30-40 40-50 50-60 > 60
Agewise Job card Registered Persons
ANDIPATTI 8743 13860 12514 9096 3439
BODINAICKANUR 3162 6289 5784 4351 2151
CHINNAMANUR 1779 4473 6407 4403 1042
CUMBUM 856 1879 1910 1071 337
K MYLADUMPARAI 7711 11893 7842 4937 2032
PERIYAKULAM 4774 8724 7463 5138 2572
THENI 2148 7080 7350 3531 1771
UTHAMAPALAYAM 1776 4159 4359 2957 1657
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
AxisTitle
14%
23%
35%
22%
6%
Household Completed Day in
Financial Year Theni District(2012)
Below 25 Days 25-50 days
50-75 days 75-100 days
Above 100 days
Year Number of Household
2006-07 123
2007-08 1706
2008-09 661
2009-10 8528
20010-11 9235
Number of Household provide 100 days empolyeement
Year Average No of days
2007-08 36.73
2008-09 45.02
2009-10 49.38
20010-11 64.11
Avg Number of days empolyeement
Source : Nrega .nic.in
Source : Nrega .nic.in
Implemented scheme in Theni
district, only 123 number of
households got 100 days
employment. It enhanced
manifolds in the financial year
2007-2008. At present, Theni
district has provided 100 days
employment to 9235 number
of households through
MGNREGS.
The average number of days employment in
Tamilnadu is 54 days. this district has been able to
overcome the problem and of now the average
number of days employment is 64.11 days. So, we
can say that different types of work under this
scheme have been taken up at a rapid progress in
this district in order to give more employment to the rural people.
EVALUATION OF FLAGSHIP RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN THENI
DISTRICT
RAMDASS.T - 2011803010
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING
SAP, ANNA UNIVERSITY

8. EVALUATION OF FLAGSHIP RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN THENI
DISTRICT
RAMDASS.T - 2011803010
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING
SAP, ANNA UNIVERSITY
Block wise Distribution of Income Before Applying for the Job Card
and After getting the Employment in MGNREGA
Source wise annual household’s
expenditure before and after MGNREGA
Around 67.13% of their expenditure used to go to food.
But after the implementation of this scheme the
expenditure on food items gradually shifted to non-food
items which include both luxury and necessity items. For
this the expenditure on food items is gradually decreasing
(53.29%) and on non-food items is increasing. This reflects
that there is some impact on tribal livelihoods but this
impact is considered as very little.
Source of expenditure
Before
MGNREGA
After
MGNREGA
Food 67.13% 53.29%
Clothing 7.68% 9.28%
Health 3.46% 4.57%
Cooking fuel 0.99% 1.24%
education 0.90% 1.20%
Transport 2.14% 2.63%
Social/religious function 4.95% 6.55%
Alcohol 1.91% 2.19%
Electricity bill 0.96% 2.83%
Phone bill 0.35% 2.55%
Agri.Equipments and seeds 2.36% 4.31%
Household assets 1.38% 2.04%
Recreation 0.27% 0.31%
Maintenance of House 5.52% 7.01%
S.N Block Before After
<5000
5000
-
10000
10000
-
15000
<
20000
<5000
5000
-
10000
10000
-
15000
<
20000
1 ANDIPATTI 26 57 186 28 24 58 182 33
2 BODINAICKANUR 30 149 112 9 21 79 144 56
3 CHINNAMANUR 36 235 28 1 17 198 69 16
4 CUMBUM 20 127 137 16 8 85 183 24
5 K MYLADUMPARAI 13 135 39 113 0 111 64 125
6 PERIYAKULAM 15 90 81 114 1 45 83 171
7 THENI 30 160 73 37 20 134 109 37
8 UTHAMAPALAYAM 78 342 128 52 47 253 189 111
Total 248 1295 784 370 138 963 1023 573
Occupation other
than NREGA in
remaining 265 days
Agricultur
e
Animal
husbandr
y
Home
maker
Own
business
Private Retired Student
Unempl
oyed
Madurai 68.69% 3.50% 18.78% 2.03% 2.95% 0.18% 0.74% 2.95%
Theni 75.71% 11.02% 9.18% 0.00% 2.04% 0.00% 2.04% .00%
Dindugal 64.77% 2.27% 18.18% 4.55% 4.55% 0.00% 2.27% 2.27%
Source: Primary data

9. PROBLEMS / ISSUES
MGNREGA :
1. Issues Relevant to Job Cards and Registration
2. Delayed wages transfers to PO and GPs.
3. Non Availability of technical staff at GP
4. Problem of agriculture labour availability and inflation
5. To overcome the shortage of qualified Engineers, services of IT qualified surveyors will be taken to run the Scheme.
6. The Districts will be directed to ensure that the village plan and the labour plan is implemented vigorously
7. There should be administrative assistant at village level, An Executive officer for five villages, A programme
development officer at BDO level. This is already said in rules of MGNREGA. But it’s not carried out in all villages.
8. Out of 100 working days, only 50 days’ work was been scheduled and carried out.
9. There is a general feeling that post-office may not be an ideal institution to distribute the wages. Several problems
including the possibility of corruption are observed.
10.Nature of works being adopted appeared ad-hoc and without sound reasoning of long term value being generated
and there did exist complaints of delayed payments and procedural delays.
11.Clashing with agricultural season and proper articulation of demand and supply is main problem in its
implementation.
EVALUATION OF FLAGSHIP RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN THENI
DISTRICT
RAMDASS.T - 2011803010
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING
SAP, ANNA UNIVERSITY

10. 1. Forests and environmental clearance for new roads is denied by
respective dept.
2. Land width availability for roads is not sufficient
3. In Bodinayakkanur and Mayiladumparai block around 18
villages is not connected by roads and around 118 KM of fair
weather roads is nor maintained in Theni district.
4. Problems in land acquisition/compensation/Forest clearance
for laying roads
5. The state governments should provide budget for Maintenance
of the road constructed under PMGSY for a period of 5 years on
continuous basis. Even though budget provision is made in the
state budget, actual release is not taking place due to various
reasons.
6. No dedicated staff exclusive of this project has been appointed
as mandated by the guidelines
7. Online monitoring system needs to be strengthened
PMGSY ISSUES
EVALUATION OF FLAGSHIP RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN THENI
DISTRICT
RAMDASS.T - 2011803010
DR.S.R.MASILAMANI
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING
SAP, ANNA UNIVERSITY
News paper published issues
12 Weak linkage with the line departments in
implementation of the projects
13 No proper system for purchase of materials and
procurement of services of skilled labour
14 Problem of agriculture labour availability and inflation

11. SUGGESTIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS
EVALUATION OF FLAGSHIP RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN THENI
DISTRICT
RAMDASS.T - 2011803010
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING
SAP, ANNA UNIVERSITY
1. BIO-METRIC REGISTRATION /SMART CARDS
Payments through Smart Cards appear to be the best solution,
since payment through Post office or SHGs is not found to be
smooth.
MGNREGA workers are largely illiterate, poor and at the bottom
of the social hierarchy
The system will help curb the problem of fake musters
Identity validation of workers engaged in MGNREGA schemes
Bio-metric registration of thumb impression of registered job-
card holder along with digital image
Job card details – number of days worked, number of days left
to work, wages earned
Platform to job demand
Access pay slips and history of past work
Information about the act, worker entitlements
2. Bio – Metric ATM for NREGS workers and Created Bank accounts
 Account should be created (in Bank and post office) at
Household level.
 Zero balance bank accounts would also be opened for
the people working under MGNREGA so that their wages
can be transferred in, without delay
 This Bio-Metric ATM is equipped with Bio – Metric sensor
which has finger print authentications as a standard
feature and it is possible for the illiterate or semi literate
folks to use just thumb impression on a touch screen
which will allow the beneficiaries to withdraw their
week’s wages
 This ensures that the Bio metric ATM is very easy to use

12. 3. e- Muster and e-Measurement of Work using (GPS)
GPS location allows beneficiary travel allowance confirmation
Use of GIS as a Decision Support System to strengthen
decentralized participatory planning of works under MGNREGA
The project will start in the Theni.
Hand-held (GPS) units will be
provided in All gram Panchayat in
the schemes for registering the
exact location of work sites
Photos and attendance of
workers, measurements work
To prepare the assets directory.
To avoid duplication of works.
GPS location allows work site
attendance confirmation
MGNREGA work site
Before MGNREGA
After MGNREGA
4. Agricultural Labor bank:
Agricultural work should be included in this scheme.
Here the land lord should register details of labors which
he needs and should pay government the wages of the
labor. So that the agricultural work can be performed.
Therefore agricultural labor loss can be avoided.
This activity is PPP based.
The Helpline consists of a toll free number that will be used
by the NREGA schemes.
Individuals households details and other their questions,
submit their grievances and complaints and seek guidance
from the Department of Rural Development.
5. Grievance Redressal System (Helpline)
(Agriculture work)
(Agriculture work)
EVALUATION OF FLAGSHIP RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN THENI
DISTRICT
RAMDASS.T - 2011803010
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING
SAP, ANNA UNIVERSITY

13. EVALUATION OF FLAGSHIP RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN THENI
DISTRICT
RAMDASS.T - 2011803010I
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING
SAP, ANNA UNIVERSITY
6. BPL Household Constructed Toilet Facilities in MGNREGA
Labours
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Without
Toilet
With
Toilet
Creation of durable assets and infrastructure development
in rural areas
Estimate Construction cost of toilet: Rs 18,0000
Govt Subsidy for toilet construction: Rs 5,000
Labours can be used by MGNREGA scheme: Rs 7,000.
Therefore house owners needs to spend only: Rs 6,000.
For construction.
This system implemented to fulfilled all households
7. Self Help Group organized by Self Empolyeement training
Programme useful in MGNREGA workers
8. Instead of inducting large number of officials, Gram
Panchayats may be given more powers for execution and
effective supervision, where they have not been given such
powers.
9. NREGS may be extended to educated youth (post metric) for
mobilizing them in creating social awareness about literacy,
health care, AIDS, sanitation, drinking water, balanced nutritional
diet, anti-liquor, importance about marriage, family planning and
care of the child and aged
10. Payments through Smart Cards appear to be the best
solution, since payment through Post office or SHGs is not found
to be smooth.
11. Wage rate should be increased up to Rs. 200/- per day and
extend by 150 Days.
12. The other work like Land Development irrigation facility and
horticultural plantation should also be permitted to small and
marginal farmers.

14. 13. Instead of inducting large number of officials, Gram Panchayats may
be given more powers for execution and effective supervision, where
they have not been given such powers.
14. Basic facilities such as drinking water and first-aid have not been
provided in most places. Crèches also need to be provided when a
sufficient number of women workers are present
15. Provision of unemployment allowance needs to be strengthened
where there is a demand / need for work.
16. More opportunity of work should be created for differently abled
persons to make them independent under this scheme.
PMGSY:
1. Separate revolving fund may be created for attending to repairs and
maintenance of roads after expiry of initial five years
2. Maintenance grants should be released to PRIs
3. There should not be any delay in release of money to the contractor
who has done the work
4. Local people should be engaged for construction of roads in that area
5. There should be a move for Inter-district and inter-Tehsil/Block
PMGSY roads. This is to help those border villages which remain very less
benefited with roads in own district
Road link between total 18 villages (Bodinayakanur
10 and Mayiladumparai 8villages) , Total 68KM of
road is to be laid.
Maintenances work of 112 Km of fair weather road.
6. Construction of New Roads and Recommendation
EVALUATION OF FLAGSHIP RURAL DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME IN THENI
DISTRICT
RAMDASS.T - 2011803010
DEPARTMENT OF PLANNING
SAP, ANNA UNIVERSITY