This report was submitted as a part of Management Project, for the BTech Course (HS211) at Indian Insititute of Technology Jodhpur

1. Principles of Management
(HS211)
B.Tech Assignment Report
Socio-economic impact of MGNREGA in Mandor on
the basis of caste-wise registration (2014-19)
B.Tech Semester 4, Class of 2022
Group ID: B-10
Members
- Nivedit Jain (B18CSE039)
- Patel Jash Vinodbhai (B18CSE040)
- Nitish Kumar Jain (B18ME039)
- OswalVinitJitendra (B18ME040)

2. 2
Table of Contents
Introduction 3
Analysis 5
Comparisons 18
Conclusions 20
Suggestions 22
References 23
Annexure Data Links 24

3. 3
Introduction
MGNREGA, Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act,
was initially called NREGA, National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, was
passed in 2005, later in honour of our great leader Mahatma Gandhi it was
renamed as MGNREGA in 2019.
The mandate of the Act is to provide 100 days of guaranteed wage employment
in a financial year (FY) to every rural household whose adult members
volunteer to do unskilled manual work. [1]
The main objectives of this programme [1] are –
 To ensure social protection of the most vulnerable people living in rural
India.
 To ensure livelihood security for the poor.
 To improve water security
 Promote soil conservation
 Increase land productivity
 Strengthening doubt-proofing and flood management in rural areas.
 Empowerment of Scheduled Castes (SCs), Scheduled Tribes (STs)
 Decrease poverty and increase quality of live
 Decrease migration of rural population
The importance of this scheme is very evident from the statement that “it is the
world’s largest state-run jobs plan and India’s top poverty alleviation
programme” [2] and people participation in it is still rising [2]
Mammoth scale of this scheme is also evident from as “about 235 crore person-
days of work were generated under the scheme in financial year 2015-16” [3]
Government of Indian gives an extreme importance to this scheme as “The
budgetary allocation for MGNREG has increased to Rs 61,084 crore in 2018-19
from Rs 34,000 crore in 2014-15. Except for 2014-15, in all years since then,
actual expenditure has been more than the approved budgetary allocation.”[4]

4. 4
Fig 1, Source Times of India, Published
However, in Rajasthan, it has been launched in three phases. In first phase
(February 2nd, 2006.), MGNREGA was started in six districts in initial stage.
MGNREGA was started in Jodhpur in third and final stage during the financial
year 2008-09. Thus at present, MGNREGA is being operated in all the districts
of Rajasthan. The MGNREGA has completed 12 years of implementation in the
state. This scheme has been universalized and is operational in all the Gram
Panchayats of the state. In 2013-14 Budget Estimates Government of Rajasthan
proposes 150 days employment guarantee. The state Government has also
formulated its own scheme titled Rajasthan Rural Employment Guarantee
Scheme‟ (RREGS). Rajasthan is one of the states where the scheme
implementation is at its best as per State Government statement. Considering all
these it becomes an important issue to analyse this scheme and to understand
how well it is going on ground.[6]
34000
37341
48215
55166
61815
0 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000
2 0 1 4 - 1 5
2 0 1 5 - 1 6
2 0 1 6 - 1 7
2 0 1 7 - 1 8
2 0 1 8 - 1 9
FinacialYear
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Budget(in Cr INR) 34000 37341 48215 55166 61815
MGNERGA BUDGET

5. 5
Analysis
Population Analysis
As per 2011 census [6], some basic results were
Table 1,
Souces Census of
Jodhpur, see[6[
Fig 2, Distribution Chart of Populaiton
Parameter Number
Total Number of villages 112
Total number of Gram Panchayats 27
Total inhabitants 189,931
Total Male inhabitants 98,538
Total Female inhabitants 91,393
Sex-Ratio 927
Total Scheduled Caste inhabitants 30,941
Total Scheduled Tribes inhabitants 7,323
Literacy Rate 62.35 %
Male Literacy Rate 78.59%
Female Literacy Rate 44.98%
Schedule Caste
16%
Schedule Tribe
4%
Others
80%
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
Schedule Caste
Schedule Tribe
Others

6. 6
Further,
For Scheduled Castes in Mandor Block
Parameter Value
Sex Ratio 940
Literacy Rate 55.57%
Literacy Rate (Male) 71.65%
Literacy Rate (Female) 44.98%
Table 2, Souce Census of Jodhpur, see [6]
Similarly for Scheduled Tribes
Parameter Value
Sex Ratio 910
Literacy Rate 43.32%
Literacy Rate (Male) 56.47%
Literacy Rate (Female) 28.91%
Table 2, Souce Census of Jodhpur, see [6]
Comparison
Fig 3, Gender Ratio Comparision

7. 7
Fig 4, Literacy Rate Comparison
We also have considered the age distribution data for the whole country, given
by the following table.[7]
Age Range Number of People in India Percentage
0 - 4 110,447,164 10.7
5 - 9 128,316,790 12.5
10 - 14 124,846,858 12.1
15- 19 100,215,890 9.7
20 - 24 89,764,132 8.7
25 - 44 284,008,819 27.6
45 - 64 139,166,661 13.5
65 - 79 41,066,824 4.0
80+ 8,038,718 0.8
Denotes Working Age Group
Table 3, source Census of India Website, see [7]

8. 8
Fig 5, one sided population pyramid
So following the trends in India we tried to build a similar distributions for SC,
ST and others in Mandor Block for year 2011.
Hence following table could be obtained easily by assuming that population
ratio for various groups is same in Mandor as overall India.
Age Range Percentage Population SC Population ST
Population
Others
Total
Population
0 - 4 10.7 3312 785 16229 20326
5 - 9 12.5 3869 916 18959 23744
10 - 14 12.1 3745 887 18353 22985
15- 19 9.7 3002 711 14713 18426
20 - 24 8.7 2693 638 13196 16527
25 - 44 27.6 8541 2022 41861 52424
45 - 64 13.5 4178 990 20476 25644
65 - 79 4 1239 294 6068 7600
80+ 0.8 249 60 1214 1522
Denotes Working Population
Table 4, self-created using above mentioned analysis
Above table was for year 2011, after 10 years, i.e., in 2021, population
distribution of working age (20 –65) group (as of 2020) will look like the
following table, considering minimal or no deaths in this group.
11,04,47,164
12,83,16,790
12,48,46,858
10,02,15,890
8,97,64,132
28,40,08,819
13,91,66,661
4,10,66,824
80,38,718
0 to 4
05 to 09
10 to 14
15 to 19
20 to 24
25 to 44
45 to 64
65 to 79
80+
Population Distribution of India

9. 9
Age Range Percentage
Population SC Population ST
Population
Others
Total
Population
20 - 24 12.1 3745 887 18353 22985
25- 29 9.7 3002 711 14713 18426
30 – 34 8.7 2693 638 13196 16527
35 - 54 27.6 8541 2022 41861 52424
55-64 11 3404 806 16683 20893
Total (2021) 21385 5064 104806 131255
Total (2011) 18414 4361 90246 113021
Table 5, self-created using above analysis
Now we have working population for 2 points, i.e., year 2011 and 2021, so we
can obtain all others easily by a linear approximation.
Year- 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021
SC 18414 18711 19008 19305 19602 19900 20197 20494 20791 21088 21385
ST 4361 4431 4502 4572 4642 4713 4783 4853 4923 4994 5064
Other 90246 90391 90536 90681 90826 90971 91116 91261 91406 91551 104806
Table 6, self-created using above analysis
Fig 6, Linear Fit on SC Population Graph
19305
19602
19900
20197
20494
18000 18500 19000 19500 20000 20500 21000 21500
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
SC Working Population

10. 10
Fig 7 , Linear Fit on ST Population Graph
Fig 8, Linear Fit on Other Population Graph
Let’s try to see in our given years percentage wise,
Year 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
SC 16.85 17.03 17.22 17.40 17.58
ST 3.99 4.03 4.08 4.12 4.16
Other 79.16 78.93 78.71 78.48 78.26
Table 7, self-created using above analysis
4572
4642
4713
4783
4853
4300 4400 4500 4600 4700 4800 4900 5000 5100
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
ST Working Population
90681
90826
90971
91116
91261
90200 90400 90600 90800 91000 91200 91400 91600 91800
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Others Working Population

11. 11
Table 9, visualisation of table 7
Mandor Work Division
Work Explanation Mandor Jodhpur
Total Male Female Total Male Female
Main workers 26.46 39.23 12.69 28.65 41.75 14.36
Marginal workers 14.66 10.20 19.47 11.75 8.41 15.40
Total workers 41.12 49.43 32.16 40.40 50.16 29.75
Non-workers 58.88 50.57 67.84 59.60 49.84 70.25
Table 10,for sources see annexure
The above table shows the work distribution in Mandor district. A total of
41.12(26.46+14.66) percent are involved in main and marginal works.
MNREGA ASPECT OF MANDOR BLOCK
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
SC 16.85 17.03 17.22 17.40 17.58
ST 3.99 4.03 4.08 4.12 4.16
Other 79.16 78.93 78.71 78.48 78.26
16.85 17.03 17.22 17.40 17.58
3.99 4.03 4.08 4.12 4.16
79.16 78.93 78.71 78.48 78.26
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
Percent Wise Working Population Distribution
SC ST Other

12. 12
Job Cards
Total no. of Job cards issued: 31,163
Total no. of workers: 73,042
Total no. of active Job cards: 19,052
Total no. of active workers: 23,013
(i)SC worker against active workers: 19.42 %
(ii)ST worker against active workers: 5.02 %
Source :- Government of India, [5]
Table 11, for sources see annexure
Fig, 10
Issued Job Cards to Households (HH)
Year
Number
of Job
Cards
Registered
Number
of active
job
cards
Applied
for Issued SC ST Other Total Women
Job
cards SC ST Other
Total
workers Women
2014-
15 27755 27648 12534 3007 57501 73042 36161 18444 4470 1161 17382 23013 18131
2015-
16 28093 27940 12534 3007 57501 73042 36161 18086 4470 1161 17382 23013 18131
2016-
17 28784 28456 12534 3007 57501 73042 36161 17193 4470 1161 17382 23013 18131
2017-
18 28571 28040 12534 3007 57501 73042 36161 17729 4470 1161 17382 23013 18131
2018-
19 30125 29447 12534 3007 57501 73042 36161 18842 4470 1161 17382 23013 18131

13. 13
YEAR
HH issued job cards
SCs STs Others Total
2014-15 4798 1190 21660 27648
2015-16 4863 1194 21883 27940
2016-17 5104 1261 22091 28456
2017-18 5051 1242 21747 28040
2018-19 5273 1300 22874 29447
Table 12, for sources see annexure
Fig 11, Table 12 Visualisation
When we look on the data on a percent wise basis the following are obtained.
Year 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
SCs 17.35 17.41 17.94 18.01 17.91
STs 4.3 4.27 4.43 4.43 4.41
Others 78.34 78.32 77.63 77.56 77.68
Table 13, self created

14. 14
Fig 12, Table 13 Visualisation
Number of Households (HH) Provided Employment
YEAR
No. of HH Provided Employment
SCs STs Others Total
2014-15 1732 341 6885 8958
2015-16 2381 510 8818 11709
2016-17 2746 603 9828 13177
2017-18 2766 673 9052 12491
2018-19 3013 778 10625 14416
Table 14, for sources see annexure
Fig 13, Table 14 Visualisation
17.35 17.41 17.94 18.01 17.91
4.30 4.27 4.43 4.43 4.41
78.34 78.32 77.63 77.56 77.68
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
90.00
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Percent of HH issued job cards
SCs STs Others

15. 15
On percentage scale
Year 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
SCs 19.33 20.33 20.84 22.14 20.90
STs 3.81 4.36 4.58 5.39 5.40
Others 76.86 75.31 74.58 72.47 73.70
Table 14, self created
Fig 15, visualization of table 14
Number of Person days generated
YEAR
No. of Person days generated
SCs STs Others Total Women
2014-15 81063 15805 300853 397721 354520
2015-16 166558 33720 551501 751779 660295
2016-17 181246 38154 586022 805422 707052
2017-18 150935 35450 450109 636494 558820
2018-19 160467 40964 550457 751888 650800
Table 15, for sources see annexure
On percentage basis
Year 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
19.33 20.33 20.84 22.14 20.90
3.81 4.36 4.58 5.39 5.40
76.86 75.31 74.58 72.47 73.70
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
100.00
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Percentage no of HH Provided Employment
SCs STs Others

16. 16
SCs 20.38 22.16 22.50 23.71 21.34
STs 3.97 4.49 4.74 5.57 5.45
Others 75.64 73.36 72.76 70.72 73.21
Table 16, self created
Fig 16, Table 16 Visualisation
Families Completed 100 Days
YEAR
Families Completed 100 Days
SCs STs Others Total
2014-15 148 25 415 588
2015-16 578 88 1527 2193
2016-17 455 88 1239 1782
2017-18 202 14 325 541
2018-19 321 82 869 1272
Table 17, for sources see annexure
20.38 22.16 22.50 23.71 21.34
3.97 4.49 4.74 5.57 5.45
75.64 73.36 72.76 70.72 73.21
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Percentage of No of Person Days Generated
SCs STs Others
Linear (SCs) Linear (STs) Linear (Others)

17. 17
Fig 17, visualisation of table 17
On percentage scale
Year 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
SCs 25.17 26.36 25.53 37.34 25.24
STs 4.25 4.01 4.94 2.59 6.45
Others 70.58 69.63 69.53 60.07 68.32
Table 18, slef created
Fig 18, visualisation of table 18
25.17 26.36 25.53
37.34
25.24
4.25 4.01 4.94 2.59
6.45
70.58 69.63 69.53
60.07
68.32
0.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
60.00
70.00
80.00
2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Percentage of Families Completed 100 Days
SCs STs Others

18. 18
Comparison of the results of Mandor(Block) with
District(Jodhpur) aggregates, State(Rajasthan) aggregates and
Country (India) aggregates
Registered Workers (average)
States
Registered Workers
SCs STs Others Total Workers Women
India 554.39 411.92 1768.35 2734.66 1243.39
RAJASTHAN 46.58 46.56 147.25 240.39 116.91
JODHPUR 193071 36467 886249 1115787 551960
MANDOR 12534 3007 57501 73042 36161
Note:-This is an average data for all years concerned, and data of India and
Rajasthan (all) is in lakhs while others are not.
Table 19, for sources see annexure
Fig 20, Comparison PI Charts

19. 19
Active Workers
States
Active Workers
SCs STs Others Total Workers Women
India 239.13 201.49 727.97 1168.59 586.92
RAJASTHAN 21.74 24.45 60.53 106.72 61.8
JODHPUR 96420 18863 396078 511361 314465
MANDOR 4470 1161 17382 23013 18131
Note:-This is an average data for all years concerned, and data of India and
Rajasthan (all) is in lakhs while others are not.
Table 20, for sources see annexure
Fig 21, Comparison PI Charts

20. 20
Conclusions
The study has found that comparatively backward ethnic groups are regularly
participating in larger proportions in the MGNREGA works, whereas general
and other -backward caste people also constitute the larger share.
We conclude that mostly the scheme is working well for the SCs and STs as
their participation or involvement percentage was higher that there population
percentage of that year but however it was significantly lower as compared to
Indian and Rajasthan as a whole.
Consider this table for SCs
Year 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Population Percent 16.85 17.03 17.22 17.40 17.58
Percent of HH Job Cards Issued 17.35 17.41 17.94 18.01 17.91
Percent of HH Provided Employment 19.33 20.33 20.84 22.14 20.90
Percentage of Person Days Generated 20.38 22.16 22.50 23.71 21.34
Percentage of Families Completed 100
Days of Work 25.17 26.36 25.53 37.34 25.24
Table 21, self-created
Similarly for STs
Year 2014-15 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 2018-19
Population Percent 3.99 4.03 4.08 4.12 4.16
Percent of HH Job Cards Issued 4.3 4.27 4.43 4.43 4.41
Percent of HH Provided Employment 3.81 4.36 4.58 5.39 5.40
Percentage of Person Days Generated 3.97 4.49 4.74 5.57 5.45
Percentage of Families Completed 100
Days of Work 4.25 4.01 4.94 2.59 6.45
Table 22, self-created
Less than population percentage More than population percentage
Hence, we conclude that scheme is doing satisfactory in terms of caste based
improvements and is improving. However scheme in Mandor didn’t perform
well for Schedule Tribes (in 2014-15) but it after that it did satisfactory.
Also as the percentages of almost all criterion is increasing as move towards FY
2018-19 if this trends continues for some time this may lead to overdependence

21. 21
on this scheme for SCs and STs. It may also be caused of shrinking employment
in other sectors of rural economy for these people due to some reason. However
this needs to verified with appropriate data which was not available to us.

22. 22
Suggestion
After analysing all the possible data relevant to cast based participation we had
come to the following suggestions.
Targeted allotment of work under MGNREGA must be done in Mandor district
for some time (about 2-3 years), which majorly aims on ST and SC population
as their participation percentage is very less as compared to whole Indian and
Rajasthan, case is even worse for STs.
Leaders from STs Community must be called to Mandor to promote people to
come out of their home and be a part of this opportunity. Moreover it must be
analysed that there must be no corruption and favours to a particular caste, as it
might be a reason for less ST participation. Also it needs to be checked if Caste
System is still in place informally as that might be a key factor in less ST
participation.
We have also come up with some suggestion for MGNREGA as a whole,
We observed that a very few people or families have completed their 100 days
of work. This needs to be analysed critically.
We could have surveys and various better raw data collection techniques so that
this scheme and people related to this scheme could get benefits of advance
computing like AI and Automation.
Moreover, people who are not completing their 100 days must be called and
asked for the problems they faced.
We also think that along with unskilled work people could also simultaneously
can be trained for some skills which can be further used for the betterment of
the rural Indian Population.

23. 23
References
[1] MGNREGA Sameeksha, an Anthology of Research Studies on the.
Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment. Guarantee Act, 2005, Ministry
of Rural Development, Government of India, 2006–2012
[2] Business Standards
https://www.business-standard.com/article/specials/how-52-million-indians-
may-depend-on-mgnrega-for-20-years-116030200317_1.html
[3] Business Line
https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/opinion/columns/slate/all-you-wanted-
to-know-about-mgnrega/article9539721.ece#
[4] https://www.downtoearth.org.in/news/agriculture/union-budget-2019-20-
first-time-in-five-years-mgnrega-gets-rs-1-084-crore-less-65476
[5]http://mnregaweb4.nic.in/netnrega/state_html/empstatusnewall_scst.aspx
?page=B&lflag=eng&state_name=RAJASTHAN&state_code=27&district_name=
JODHPUR&district_code=&block_name=MANDOR&block_code=2715006&fin_
year=2014-
2015&source=national&typediv=0&Digest=stMjiDo+r4kt/eAVUVt3Jg
[6] Census of 2011 Jodhpur district
http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0815_PART_B_DCHB_JODHPUR.
pdf
[7]
https://censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/age_structure_and_marital_statu
s.aspx

24. 24
Data Links
We have used the following links or sources to gather all the data for this report.
All these results can be replicated using these links.
http://censusindia.gov.in/2011census/dchb/0815_PART_B_DCHB_JODHPUR.
pdf
https://censusindia.gov.in/Census_And_You/age_structure_and_marital_statu
s.aspx
http://mnregaweb4.nic.in/netnrega/MISreport4.aspx