The document discusses quality assurance and control in software development. It states that quality assurance ensures software meets requirements, while quality control evaluates products against standards. It also discusses operational profiles, usability testing, and selecting a team with various qualifications to develop an operational profile/usage model for an automated airline reservation system.

1. Submitted by,
C.PRIYANKA KARANCY,
M.TECH, CCE.

2.  Quality relates to the degree to which a system,
system component, or process meets specified
requirements.
 Quality relates to the degree to which a system,
system component, or process, meets customer, or
user, needs or expectations
 The software quality assurance (SQA) group is a
team of people with the necessary training and skills
to ensure that all necessary actions are taken during
the development process so that the resulting
software conforms to established technical
requirements.

3.  The costs of quality can be decomposed into three
major areas:
 Prevention- identify the causes of defects
 Appraisal- determine the level of quality
 Failure- cost for repair and regression testing

4.  Quality control consists of the procedures and
practices employed to ensure that a work product
or deliverable conforms to standards or
requirements.
 Quality control is the set of activities designed to
evaluate the quality of developed or manufactured
products.

5.  policies and standards;
 review and audit procedures;
 a training program;
 dedicated, trained, and motivated staff.
 a measurement program;
 a planning process (for test and quality assurance);
 effective testing techniques, statistical techniques,
and tools;
 process monitoring and controlling systems;
 a test process assessment system (TMM-AM);
 a configuration management system.

6.  An operational profile is a quantitative character
of how a software system will be used in its
intended environment .
 An operational profile is a specification of classes
of inputs and the probability of their occurrence.

8.  Statistical testing has several major benefits which
include:
(i) concentrating testing resources on the parts of
the system mostly likely to be used; this should result
in a more reliable system from the users viewpoint;
(ii) supporting estimations or predications of
reliability which should be accurate from the user’s
viewpoint;
(iii) providing quantitative criteria for decisions
on the completeness of testing and system release.

9.  Software reliability is the ability of a system or
component to perform its required functions
under stated conditions for a specified period of
time .
 Software reliability is the probability that a
software system will operate without failure
under given conditions for a given time interval.

11.  Usability is a quality factor that is related to the
effort needed to learn, operate, prepare input, and
interpret the output of a computer program

13.  Exploratory tests are carried out early in the life
cycle between requirements and detailed design.
 A user profile and usage model should be
developed in parallel with this activity.
 The objective of exploratory usability testing is to
examine a high-level representation of the user
interface to see if it characterizes the user’s
mental model of the software.

14.  Assessment tests are usually conducted after a
high-level design for the software has been
developed.

15.  To evaluate how the product compares to some
predetermined usability standard or benchmark.

16.  Comparison test is very useful for comparing
various user interface design approaches to
determine which will work best for the user
population.
 Comparison test can be used to evaluate
how the organization’s software product compares
to that of a competing system on the market.

17.  A usability testing laboratory
 Trained personnel
 Usability test planning

18.  Usability testers also collect quantitative
measures. For example:
(i) time to complete each task;
(ii) time to access information in the user manual;
(iii) time to access information from on-line help;
(iv) number and percentage of tasks completed
correctly;
(v) number or percentage of tasks completed
incorrectly;
(vi) time spent in communicating with help desk.

19. Suppose you were a test manager and you were
organizing a team to develop an operational
profile/usage model for an automated airline
reservation system that was being developed by
your company. From which organizational, and
non-organizational groups would you select
members for the team? Give your reasons in
terms of the qualifications needed. What
approach could you use to verify the
profile/model?

20.  The team should contains the following
candidates for developing the automated
airline reservation system:
 Technical Experts
 Software Developer
 Business analyst
 Programmer
 Debugger
 End user