Spirit of japan 3-1-5 nichiren v2
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Spirit of Japan Nichiren
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Spirit of japan 3-1-5 nichiren v2
- 1. Swingby Unno School Global Negotiator Training Program Yoshiaki Sonoda v.1 May 12, 2018 The Spirits of Japan 3 “Representative Men of Japan(5) Nichiren”
- 2. Swingby Spirits of Japan, Outline Challenges ・World becomes more inter-dependent and complicated now, and our challenge is how Japanese survive such a world and compete in globalized business markets. ・Through Meiji Restoration, Japan started to follow the path of modernized nation. But at the same time, we had denied everything of hereditary society in Edo era, and tried to “leave Asia, enter Europe” (Yukichi Fukuzawa). Also after the postwar, Japanese have abandoned the learnings of sages. Modern Japanese have totally lost their wisdom. ・”The Master said: Shall I teach you about knowledge, Yóu? To know when you know something, and to know when you don’t know, that’s knowledge.” (Book 2.17) ・Modern Japan is now saturated with full of materials and utilitarianism is now eroding our spirits. The world now return to Japan, and Japanese is now abandoning themselves. Bottom line It has been quite a long time since Japanese of postwar completely forget the fundamental learning as literacy and moral as in Imperial Rescript on Education(教育勅語). Now we have to look back what Japanese had lost spiritually, to learn the attitude to life of sages of our history, and to get back our dignity. 1 Through peoples who succeeded Japanese philosophy, mindset, and traditions which were strongly effected Confucianism, this seminar pursue uniqueness of “Spirits of Japanese” . Also learning how Spirits of Japanese affected its politics, society, mindset or motivation which drove variety of historical events, we also figure out by contrasting the strength and the weakness of Japanese and what modern Japanese had lost. Finally, how we can be matured as Japanese with identity, and become globalized business people would be studied. (Unno School)
- 3. Swingby Curriculum 2 Chap.1 1. Prologue 2. Disjunction of spirit 3. Lost of spirit Chap.2 5. Japanized Confucianism 6. Spirit of Japanese Chap.3 ６．Representatives of Japanese ７．Independence of Asia Chap.4 ８. Brain wash; WGIP Chap.5 9. True Independence of Japan
- 4. Swingby Uchimura Kanzo and Representative Men of Japan Representative Men of Japan 1908 A Founder of New Japan A Feudal Lord A Peasant Saint A Village Teacher A Buddhist Priest 3 Uchimura introduced spirit of Japanese through 5 men from the view point of Christian for easier understanding for the Western people. Saigo Takamori Saint Nichiren Saigo Takamori Uesugi Yozan Ninomiya Sontoku Nakae Toju Saint Nichiren Japan and the Japanese, 1894 1894/8/1 Sino -Japanese War 1894/6 Tonghak Rebellion publicaiton 1894/ 11/24 1894/9/17 Japan imperial Navy defeateed Sino navy in “This is the war for righteousness“ 1895/4/17 Treaty of Shimonoseki (Sino-Japanese Peace treaty) “That was not the war for Righteousness” Absolute pacifist Revised 1908/ 4/29 Sino-Japanese War 1904/2/8 Rosso Japanese War 1895/ 4/23-5/4 Triple Intervention 1895/5/8 The Treaty into effect 1905/9/5 Treaty of Portsmouth Rosso Japanese War Started writing 1894/ 9/18 Lese Majesty Incident 1891/ 1/9 Japanese, who they are? The wester people had interest.
- 5. Swingby Zero reserve 1931 Manchurian Incident 1937 China Incident Korean War 1950 GHQ destructed whole Japanese mind, society by Brain wash. nationality lacked, delusion of Art.9 of the Constitution Moral education Became a dead letter Still reserve remained Moral education bloomed Deterioration of moral or human nature 4 Economic growth by natural science (Materialized happiness) 3R5D3S, Management by Quality Control (GHQ) Deterioration curve of Japanese (image) 1. Moral education became “class” Start of deterioration 2nd Abe cabinet declared restoration of moral education, but… Deterioration of Japanese moral started at the end of Edo era Edo Meiji Taisho Showa Heisei 1867 1890/10/30（明治23年） Imperial Rescript on Education proclaimed 1947/3/31 Fundamental Law of Education (旧法) proclained 1886/4/10（明治19年） 1st Shogakko Rei proclaimed 1945/10 修身・地理・国史 discontined 1946/10 公民・地理・歴史 restored 1911 1925 1989 Meiji Restoration 1867 end of war 1945 Transition of Learning Sino‐Japanese War, 1894 Russo‐Japanese War, 1904 The Great East Asia war 1941 the collapse of the bubble economics Lost of 20 years Lehman shock Abenomics? 3R Revenge （日本に対する復讐） Reform （日本の仕組みを作りかえ Revive （その後、日本の独立を許す 5D Disarmament （武装解除） Demilitarization （軍国主義の排除 Disindustrialization （工業生産力 Decentralization （行政組織、財閥 Democratization （米国型民主化 3S Sports （スポーツの推奨） Screen （映画） Sex （性の解放） 2. “Moral education(修身)” class omitted by GHQ Comintern and Communist radically influenced education and society based on people’s feeling of war-weariness 3.
- 6. Swingby Meiji Confucianism in China and Japan 5 Confucianism Buddhism Daoism The Analects Doctrine of Mean Great Learning Mencius 5 classics Sato Issai 佐久間象山 山田方谷 Shinto 吉田松陰 講孟 箚記頼山陽 渋沢栄一西郷隆盛 南州 遺訓 論語と 算盤 乃木希典 Japanized Confucianism Confucianism Prince Shotoku The 100 Schools Legalism Original Confucianism Chunqiu Warring Asuka EdoNara-Aduchi ： Sung Yuan Ming Buddhism 山鹿素行 中朝 事実 維新の志士 Hayashi Razan Qin Han/Sui/ Tang Nakae Toju Sun Tzu Sonno Joi* 新渡戸稲造 武士道 内村鑑三 代表的 日本人 Cheng Hao Chang Yi 大塩中斎 Kyoto Gozan 山崎闇斎 Fujiwara Seika Buddhism Taoism PRC Pressure of Gunboat diplomacy Conficianism A dead letter and Corruption of society Ethical and moral aspect Spiritual and Metaphysics aspect ×the Great Cultural Revolution Ethical and moral aspect Chinese higher civil service examinations × Master- disciple relationshitp Philosophical indirect relationship Legend Also thickness of lines indication the strength of affection Sonno Joi ; 19th century slogan advocating reverence for the Emperor and the expulsion of foreigners Zhu Xi school Yang-Ming school
- 7. Swingby Nichiren 6 写真：Wikipedia http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5% E8%93%AE Nichiren (日蓮） ・Nichiren (16 February 1222 – 13 October 1282), born as Zennichimaro (善日麿?), was a Japanese Buddhist priest who lived during the Kamakura period (1185–1333). ・Nichiren is known for his sole devotion to the Lotus Sutra, asserting that it was Shakyamuni Buddha's ultimate teachings and was the exclusive method to attain enlightenment. ・Nichiren believed that the Lotus Sutra contained the essence of all of Shakyamuni Buddha's teachings related to the laws of causality, karma, without any distinction to enlightenment ・His interpretation of the Lotus Sutra centers on the emphasis of its 16th chapter, The Life Span of the Thus Come One, where he grounds his revelation that the chanting of Nam Myōhō Renge Kyō is the superior practice of Mappō or today's age. ・Nichiren further justifies this practice of chanting Nam Myōhō Renge Kyō by attributing the natural and social calamities of his time to the inability of, Zen, Shingon, Ritsu, and Tendai schools to divinely protect Japan. the Pure Land ・Nichiren gained the attention of Japan's ruling Hōjō clan when his two Lotus Sutra-based predictions of foreign invasion and political strife were seemingly actualized by the Mongol invasions of Japan and an attempted coup within the Hōjō clan. ・The religious remonstration where he stated these two predictions, titled the Risshō Ankoku Ron (立正安国論) (On Establishing the Correct Teaching for the Security of the Land), considered by Japanese historians to be a literary classic illustrating the apprehensions of that period. ・While all Nichiren Buddhist schools regard him as a reincarnation of the Lotus Sutra‘s Visistacaritra or Jōgyō Bosatsu (上行菩薩), some schools of Nichiren Buddhism’s Nikkō lineages regard him as the Buddha of the Latter day of the Law(末法) and for all eternity.
- 8. Swingby Evolution of mind 7 Around 550 BC, all the sages suddenly appeared. This has meaning. Confucius(BC552-BC479) Jesus Christ(BC4-AD28) Buddha(@BC500) Socrates(BC469-BC399) “Teacher of Righteousness” In Dead Sea Scrolls(BC100?) Major 4 saints appeared at same time in remote places 0 Mankind just feared the threat of nature, and just followed the words of shaman. Mankind suddenly realized the existence of “mind” Mankind now know they can make the world better, and enriches their lives by using their mind in a right manner. Birth of mind 1000 BC, Chinese character “mind” appeared first. Confucius was the first person who taught people how to use their “mind”. Evolution of physical body BC 500 BC 100 心 At the end of the Warring States period (Confucius period), only 87 Chinese character had “mind” in their component. Chinese character group those have “mind” is one of the largest group. Evolution of mind
- 9. Swingby Brief history of Buddhism in Japan ( 8 6th century, Introduction of Buddhism ・Introduced into Japan in the thirteenth year of the reign of Kinmei, the twenty-ninth emperor. (552 of the Christian era, or "1501(sic.) year after Buddha's entrance into Nirvana”.) ・The great temple of Tenwoji was built as early as 587(sic.) AD. at Naniwa (Osaka) by the Prince Shotoku. (So he was called as ”the father of Japanese Buddhism.”) ・A great revival of Buddhism in China under the leadership of Hiuen Chwang (玄奘, げんじょう) (famous priest of the Tau dynasty) (He was also famous with an adventurous story to India by Barthelemy St. Hilaire’s ) ・ The beginning of the 9th century, the new enthusiasm reached its acme, by two Buddhist scholars, Saijo and Kukai, who returned from their study in China. ・The emperor Kammu (removed the capital from Nara to Kyoto) gave each a conspicuous site for temple-building, and endowments and privileges affixed thereto. ・Saijo built Eizan lying to the northeast of the new capital, the direction from which all evils were thought to come. ・Kukai posted himself at Koya in the province of Kii, but had a temple-site given him in the south end of the capital, the famed Toji with its peering pagoda right south of the railway station being his own establishment. ・With Eizan founded in 788, and Koya in 816 A.D., Japanese Buddhism had rooted itself firmly in the native soil. ・Thus in the beginning of the 9th century, "eight sects of Buddhism" firmly established in the land. [(1)Sanron, (2) Hoshoo, (3) Kegon , (4) Ritsu, (5) Jojitsu, (6) Gusha, (7) Tendai, and (8) Shingon.]
- 10. Swingby Brief history of Buddhism in Japan 9 9th century, Corrupt relationship between emperors and the Buddhism ・The "eight" grew on in power and influence, Saijo's (Tendai) leading all the rest. → Here as elsewhere assumption of power by spiritual bodies brought in all the attending corruptions. ・ "Two things are beyond the power of my control: the water of the Kamo and mountain-priests." The priesthood became emperor of emperors, so much so that one of the latter expressed the annoyance due to his priest-subjects. ・Emperor after emperor, and noble after noble vied with one another in building, endowing, and embellishing temples of their particular devotion; and the large city of Kyoto and its suburbs, with their magnificent religious structures, - porches, pagodas, hexagons, bell-houses, - are one huge monument of the faith that once flourished among us. 12th century, new movement of Buddhism, Zen ・After huge turmoil between the Heike and the Genji, Yoritomo crippled the temporal power of the priests, but showed them due respect as the people's spiritual guide. → the rise of many great teachers honourable for their learning and virtue ・The Hojos were most of them faithful devotees of Buddhism. ・Zen or meditative school of Buddhism was introduced from China (1200), tired with the pomp and vain-gloriousness of the then existing sects. ・Several great temples were built, in Kyoto, Kamakura, and Echizen, to perpetuate the new form of worship in the land. ・Their esoterism and endless metaphysics standing in strong contrast to the ceremonial shows of the older sects. → Zen was accepted by the upper and intellectual classes. → The populace also needed a faith other than them. (other than the high intellectualities of the Zen philosophy, or the unapproachable sublimities of the older cults)
- 11. Swingby Brief history of Buddhism in Japan 10 Genka (Saint Honen) introduced the Jodo or “pureland” sect in 1207 A.D.. (浄土宗) ・Senju-Nenbutsu; He taught about the possibility of entrance into the Pure Land merely by calling upon the name of Buddha. This way of teaching was called “exclusive practice of the Nen-Butsu (専修念仏). ・It was also called Nen-Butsu or Call-on-Buddha sect (念佛宗). ・The simple "Nam-Amida-Butsu" (I commit myself to thee O thou Amitabha Buddha) was set music on the hand-bell; and the whole uttered with plaintive voice and often attended with a dance gave entirely new features to, thus far, a very august form of belief. Hanyen (Saint Shinran) introduced the “Shin sect (真宗)” ・The Shin sect was a branch of the Jodo sect. ・The very novel feature; - The removal of the vows of chastity from the priest-class - considerable leniency thus afforded to their free indulgence in the common joys of life. ・This sect destined to eclipse all other sects by the influence it was to have over the mass of the people. Religions for the populace
- 12. Swingby Brief history of Buddhism in Japan 11 13th century, the last and the greatest formative period of Japanese Buddhism ・The Buddhism in Japan were separated into 13 sects, and true teachings of Buddhism were about to be lost. ・The year was the 2171st after Buddha's entrance into the Nirvana ・After the first "millennium of the right law" had ended, and the second "millennium of the image-law" had also spent itself, and the third and last "millennium of the latter law" had just been ushered in; when as was prophesied by the Great Teacher, a light was expected to appear to the east of him to shine the darkness of the last days. ・On a spring day of the 1st year of Teiwo (貞応元年,1222), a child was born, and was named Zen-Nichi-Maro (Good-Sun- Boy) in 15th Feb. (the next day of Buddha went into Nirvana. ) “Kominato, Awa” Place of birth 1222-2-15 The foundation of sect (Rikkyo-Kaishu) at Tmpl Kiyozumi 1253-4-28
- 13. Swingby Brief history of Buddhism in Japan 12 Lineage Nara Heian Kamakura Early Modern times Doctrine (教学) Hosso, Kegon, Ritsu, Esoteric (密教) Pure Land (浄土) Lotus Sutra (法華) Tendai (Saicho) Shingon (Kukai) --- Jodo (Honen) Jodo Shin (Shiran) Ji (Ippen) --- Nichiren Zen (禅) Rinzai (Eizai) Soto (Dogen) Ōbaku (Ingen) Lineage Nara Heian Doctrine (教学) Sanron,Hosso, Kegon, Ritsu, Jojitsu,Gusha, Esoteric (密教) Pure Land (浄土) Lotus Sutra (法華) Tendai Shingon --- Jodo Jodo Shin Ji --- Nichiren Traditional 8 schools accuse Period of Nichiren Now 13 schools
- 14. Swingby Brief history of Buddhism in Japan 13 Buddhism now Jodo-Shin(Honganji) Jodo Shingon Soto Jodo-Shin(Otani) Tendai Hosso Kegon 出典：文化庁の平成２６年１２月３１日「宗教統計調査結果」
- 15. Swingby “Eho Fuenin” Trust in the Word and not in man. 14 Eho Fuenin ; 「依法不依人」 Foundation of his religious base Nichiren finally reached to the sentence in the Nirvana Sutra. He was not to trust in human opinions, however plausible and high sounding, but in the sutras as left by the Great Teacher, and he was to decide all questions by them and them only. His mind was now at ease. He found something to stand upon, whereas thus far all had been sinking sand under him. Nichiren considered that the last-mentioned sutra contained the essence of the teaching of Buddha's whole life. That was the Sadharma-Pundarika Sutra (Myo-Ho-Renge or Hokke Kyo) Martin Luther (1483 – 1546) Luther came to reject several teachings and practices of the Roman Catholic Church. He strongly disputed the Catholic view on indulgences. Luther proposed an academic discussion of the practice and efficacy of indulgences in his Ninety-five Theses of 1517. His refusal to renounce all of his writings at the demand of Pope Leo X in 1520 and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms in 1521 resulted in his excommunication by the Pope and condemnation as an outlaw by the Emperor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther "the principle of all things, the truth of eternity, and the secret importance of Buddha's original state and of the virtue of his enlightenment." Hence its beautiful name of "the Sutra of the Lotus of the Mysterious Law.”
- 16. Swingby Brief history of Buddhism in Japan 15 Brief history of Buddhism in Japan Buddhism, the facts ・Hinayana (小乗, old and traditional teaching) and Mahayana (大乗, progressed ) ・Buddhism in Japan are almost all the branches of Mahayana. ・Buddhism scriptures consist with Mahayana scriptures 637 sutra, and 2883 scrolls. ・The order given (1) the Avatamsaka Sutra (Kegon, 華厳経), which supposed to contain Buddha's first public utterances. (2) the Agamas Sutora (Agon, 阿含経), containing his teachings of the first twelve years of his ministry, (3) the Vaipulya Sutras (Hodo, 方等経), containing those of the second sixteen years, (4) the Pragna Sutra (Hannya Kyo, 般若経), of the third fourteen years, and (5) the Sadharma-Pundarika Sutra (Myo-Ho-Renge or Hokke Kyo, 法華経) , of the last eight years of his life.
- 17. Swingby (1) Rejection of Nenbustu 16 Rejection of Nenbutsu, ・1205, Traditional 8 schools started to reject Nenbutsu. Submission of “Kofukuji sojo(「興福寺奏状」）" (Kofukuji Petition) (1221, Nichiren was born one year before “Jokyu war” by Hojo Yoshitoki ・He started to learn Tendai sect. ・1253, the foundation of Nichiren sect at Temple Kiyozumi. Furious opposition from the majority who admitted Nenbutsu. ・1254, In Kamakura again, started mission by “street preaching”. ・1257-8-23 Huge earth quake in Tohoku area、followed by the most horrible Shoka Famine ・Many cataclysm (abnormal weather, epidemic, etc…) ・Nichiren investigated referring the scriptures of Buddhism. → Cause was chaotic situation of Buddhism, “the concealment of the pure (right) law and spread of evil law” ・Proposed the way to Shogunate by “Rissei Ankoku Ron” “Treatise on Bringing Peace and Righteousness to the Country”
- 18. Swingby (2) Nichiren vs Shogunate Government (Rissei Ankoku Ron) 17 Nichiren’s arguments in Rissei Ankoku Ron ・Dialogue between the Visitor and the Master ・he recounted all the evils from which the land was then suffering, and traced their cause to the false doctrines taught among the people. ・He proved by extensive quotations from sutras. ・The cause was the spread of evil law (Nenbutsu) ・The remedy lay in the universal acceptation by the nation of the highest of all sutras, the Saddharma-pundarīka-sūtra (法華経) as a right law. ・He predicted civil wars and a foreign invasion in near future as the sure result of refusal of such a gift. 1268 Nichiren submitted Rissei Ankoku Ron to Hojo Tokiyori “The peace of the country is what we all desire. The nation‘s prosper can be brought by the right law, and the splendour of the right law can be achieved by the people who pray for it. “ civil wars → 1272 Rebellion of Hojo Tokisuke (北条時輔の乱) a foreign → 1274, 1281 Invasion of Mongorian (元寇) http://www.sacred-texts.com/bud/chj/chj27.htm
- 19. Swingby Nichiren vs Honen/Shinran Honen/Shinran ・Only focusing on the lemedy after the life. ・So just pray “Nam-Ami-Dabutsu”. ・The Pure Land exists after death. Nichiren ・To bring the peace to the people of this land in present existence is the most important teachings of Buddha. ・Practice in this world is important. ・Present existence is the Pure Land. 18
- 20. Swingby Similarity between Nichiren and Wang Yang-Ming school 19 Yang-Ming school In Japan, at the beginning of Edo era, Nakae Toju introduced Wang Yangming. Many peopled who acted important rols at Meiji Restoration, i.e., Kumazawa Banzan, Satou Issai, Oshio Chusai, Yoshida Syoin. Wang Yang-Ming (1472-1529) Confucian, thinker and superior tactician in the Ming dynasty. He put down a revolt twice and well acknowledged. But on the way back from 3rd expedition, he died with tuberculosis. ・Liangzhi (良知) Mind is principle; We all have an innate knowledge/perception of the good ・Unity of Knowledge and Action (知行合一) only through simultaneous action could one gain knowledge and knowledge and action were unified as one. ・Instructions for Practical Living (chuanxilu 傳習錄) ・To bring the peace to the people of this land in present existence is the most important teachings of Buddha. ・People and the nation first, then stand in Buddhism. ・Practice in this world is important. ・Present existence is the Pure Land.
- 21. Swingby Suggenstions 20 Whether those strong philosophy moved the people? Or those philosophy was accepted by the people who have inherent character?