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EUCLID
GEOMETRY
PRESENTEDBY:-
Ix A1 STARS
INTRODUCTION TO EUCLID
GEOMETRY
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTIONThe word ‘Geometry’comes from Greek word ‘geo’
meaning the ‘earth’and ‘metrein’meaning to ‘measure’.
Geometry appears to have originated from the need for
measuring land.
Nearly 5000 years ago geometry originated in Egypt as an
art of earth measurement. Egyptian geometry was the
statements of results.
The knowledge of geometry passed from Egyptians to the
Greeks and many Greek mathematicians worked on
geometry. The Greeks developed geometry in a systematic
manner.
Euclid was the first Greek Mathematician who initiated a
new way of thinking the study of geometry.
He introduced the method of proving a geometrical result
by deductive reasoning based upon previously proved result
and some self evident specific assumptions called AXIOMS.
The geometry of plane figure is known as ‘ Euclidean
Geometry ’. Euclid is known as the father of geometry.
His work is found in Thirteen books called ‘ The
Elements ’.
EUCLID’S DEFINITONS
Some of the definitions made by Euclid in volume I of
‘The Elements’that we take for granted today are as follows
:-
 A point is that which has no part
 A line is breadth less length
 The ends of a line are points
 A straight line is that which has length only
CONTINUED…...
The edges of a surface are lines
A plane surface is a surface which lies
evenly with the straight lines on itself
o Axioms or postulates are the assumptions
which are obvious universal truths. They
are not proved.
EUCLID’S AXIOMS
SOME OF EUCLID’S AXIOMS WERE :-
 Things which are equal to the same thing are equal to one
another.
i.e. if a=c and b=c then a=b.
Here a, b and c are same kind of things.
 If equals are added to equals, the wholes are equal.
i.e. if a=b and c=d, then a+c = b+d
Also a=b then this implies that a+c = b+c .
CONTINUED…..
If equals are subtracted, the remainders are equal.
Things which coincide with one another are equal
to one another.
Things which are double of the same things are
equal to one another
CONTINUED…..
The whole is greater than the part. That is if a > b
then there exists c such that a =b + c.
Here, b is a part of a and therefore, a is greater than
b.
Things which are halves of the same things are
equal to one another.
Euclid's axiom

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Euclid's axiom

  • 4. INTRODUCTIONThe word ‘Geometry’comes from Greek word ‘geo’ meaning the ‘earth’and ‘metrein’meaning to ‘measure’. Geometry appears to have originated from the need for measuring land. Nearly 5000 years ago geometry originated in Egypt as an art of earth measurement. Egyptian geometry was the statements of results. The knowledge of geometry passed from Egyptians to the Greeks and many Greek mathematicians worked on geometry. The Greeks developed geometry in a systematic manner.
  • 5. Euclid was the first Greek Mathematician who initiated a new way of thinking the study of geometry. He introduced the method of proving a geometrical result by deductive reasoning based upon previously proved result and some self evident specific assumptions called AXIOMS. The geometry of plane figure is known as ‘ Euclidean Geometry ’. Euclid is known as the father of geometry. His work is found in Thirteen books called ‘ The Elements ’.
  • 6. EUCLID’S DEFINITONS Some of the definitions made by Euclid in volume I of ‘The Elements’that we take for granted today are as follows :-  A point is that which has no part  A line is breadth less length  The ends of a line are points  A straight line is that which has length only
  • 7. CONTINUED…... The edges of a surface are lines A plane surface is a surface which lies evenly with the straight lines on itself o Axioms or postulates are the assumptions which are obvious universal truths. They are not proved.
  • 8. EUCLID’S AXIOMS SOME OF EUCLID’S AXIOMS WERE :-  Things which are equal to the same thing are equal to one another. i.e. if a=c and b=c then a=b. Here a, b and c are same kind of things.  If equals are added to equals, the wholes are equal. i.e. if a=b and c=d, then a+c = b+d Also a=b then this implies that a+c = b+c .
  • 9. CONTINUED….. If equals are subtracted, the remainders are equal. Things which coincide with one another are equal to one another. Things which are double of the same things are equal to one another
  • 10. CONTINUED….. The whole is greater than the part. That is if a > b then there exists c such that a =b + c. Here, b is a part of a and therefore, a is greater than b. Things which are halves of the same things are equal to one another.