Intellectual property issues are important to consider when developing digital content for education. Ownership of the content needs to be addressed. There are different types of intellectual property including copyrights, patents, designs, trademarks, trade secrets, and other sector-specific rights. The purpose of intellectual property is to give creators control over their work and the ability to benefit from their creations, while also encouraging innovation and new advances.

1. Intellectual property issues are of
tremendous importance when
developing digital content for use in
education. Ownership of content
developed is a key issue to consider.

2. Globalization and ICT
Sembok, 2003
Expression
freedom,
Information access,
privacy rights, IP
rights, cultural
diversities
Ethical,
legal,
societal
issues
Globalization
&
Digital
convergence

3. Four Ethical
Issues of
information
age
(Mason, 1986)
Privacy
Accuracy
Property
Accessibility

4. Intellectual Property
creations of the mind, such as
inventions; literary and artistic
works; designs; and symbols,
names and images used in
commerce.
WIPO, ret. 2019

5. IP
Copyrights ©
Patents
Designs
Trademarks
™
Confidential
information
Trade secrets
Expertise/
know-how
Reputation
Assets with
commercial
value
Chip
topography
Sector-
specific
rights
Lakhan & Khurana, 2008

6. PurposeofIP give individuals the ability to
create and invent
as well as reap the benefits of their
creative genius
provide freedom to express the
original idea and impart it to the
public
without fear it will be distorted,
misused, or exploited by others
to protect the incentive to create
and be original
will diminish if an author of an
original work cannot have control
or gain monetarily and in other
ways from his work
prevent the impulse to copy
receives impetus
society benefits greatly from new
advances in technology, science,
medicine, and art
Lakhan & Khurana, 2008

7. • the law intended to protect a creator's
original ideas, theories, and concepts
that are fixed in tangible form
Copyright
• deals with the protection of original
methods, concepts, processes, and
machinery, as well as inventions that are
useful, unique, and hard to pinpoint.
Patent
• protect drawings, symbols, logos, words,
and names a business uses to distinguish
itself from others.
Trademark
Lakhan & Khurana, 2008

8. How to register IP in Malaysia?
Visit
www.myipo.gov.my
Know what type of
IP are registering
Download the form
Submit your
application with fee

10. Reference
References
Alakurt, Turgay & Bardakcı, Salih & Keser, Hafize. (2012). ICT Student Teachers’ Judgments and
Justifications about Ethical Issues. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry. 3.
10.17569/tojqi.80752.
Lakhan, S. E., & Khurana, M. K. (2008). Intellectual property, copyright, and fair use in
education. Journal of Academic Leadership, 6(4).
Mason, R. O. (1986). Four Ethical Issues of the Information Age. MIS Quarterly, 10(1), 5.
doi:10.2307/248873
The Official Portal of Intellectual Property Corporation of Malaysia – (MyIPO). (2019, May 15).
Retrieved from http://www.myipo.gov.my
T. Sembok, T. M. (2003, November). Ethics of Information Communication Technology (ICT). Paper
presented at Regional Meeting on Ethics of Science and Technology, Bangkok.