Ethical decision making
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
5 likes•5,937 views
The document presents on ethical decision making by Rohit, an MBA student. It defines ethics as moral principles governing behavior and discusses how ethical decisions generate trust and demonstrate respect, responsibility and fairness. It defines ethical decision making as evaluating and choosing alternatives consistent with ethical principles. The process involves identifying ethical issues, collecting relevant information, evaluating it, generating possible actions, considering alternatives, making a decision, taking action, and reviewing the actions.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Ethical decision making process
This document outlines an ethical decision-making process presented by Anandu K P. It begins by defining ethics as dealing with ideas about good and bad behavior or what is morally right and wrong. When faced with an ethical dilemma, this process helps determine the right course of action. The framework considers ethical issue intensity, individual factors like age and experience, and organizational factors like culture. The 7-step process involves identifying the problem, collecting information, evaluating alternatives, making a decision, acting, and reviewing the action and consequences.
Ethical Decision Making Process
The document discusses ethical decision making and provides a framework for understanding the process. It involves 7 steps: 1) identify the ethical problem, 2) collect relevant information, 3) evaluate the information, 4) consider alternatives, 5) make a decision, 6) act or implement, and 7) review the action. The process applies three ethics theories: utilitarian perspective to maximize good, rights perspective considering people's entitlements, and justice perspective focusing on fairness and rules. Ethical decision making considers various factors like individual traits, organizational culture, and opportunity for ethical or unethical behavior.
Ethical dilemmas
An ethical dilemma is a situation where a choice must be made between two undesirable alternatives that both have moral implications. This can impact a business's profitability, competitiveness, and its stakeholders which include shareholders, employees, and society. To resolve ethical dilemmas, one should analyze the consequences of each option, analyze the moral nature of each action, and make a decision.
Handling ethics issues in the workplace
In today’s workplaces, human resources professionals often take on the role of ethics advisors to managers and employees in the company. When workplace misconduct surfaces, the HR team may be called upon to assist in internal investigations and spread awareness of ethics issues to help prevent future code of ethics violations. HR professionals need to be able to recognize when ethical issues need to be addressed and understand how to develop techniques for resolving them.
Join Angela Reddock-Wright, employment attorney, author and speaker, as she discusses practical strategies for identifying and resolving ethics issues in the workplace.
Webinar attendees will learn:
When to escalate ethics issues and to whom
How to identify early warning signals of conflict between personal and work values
How to address specific employment-related ethical issues and conflicts
Leading strategies for handling ethical issues in the workplace
Key elements of an organizational code of ethics
How ethics affect a company’s bottom line
Ethics & value s ppt
The document discusses the meaning and importance of ethics, especially business ethics. It defines ethics as the science of character and principles that determine right and wrong conduct. Business ethics comprises the moral principles that guide behavior in business. The document outlines different views on the relationship between business and ethics, discusses common unethical acts and why misconduct often goes unreported, and provides suggestions for encouraging ethical conduct like training, whistleblowing policies, and codes of ethics.
04 ethical decision making
This document discusses ethical decision making and resolving ethical dilemmas. It begins by defining ethical behavior and identifying common myths about business ethics. An ethical dilemma is described as a complex situation with no clear right or wrong answer that involves balancing different interests. The document then outlines several approaches for resolving dilemmas, including using utilitarian, rule-based, and care-based thinking. It also discusses the whistleblowing process and provides a 10-step framework for ethical decision making. Finally, the document analyzes different tests that can be applied to potential decisions, such as considering benefits and costs, and whether the action could withstand public scrutiny.
Moral decision making
This document discusses models of moral decision-making. It describes five models: standards-based, principles-based, virtues-based, moral reasoning-based, and practice-based. The practice-based model involves recognizing a moral issue, gathering facts, assessing values and influences, generating solutions, consulting, acting, and reviewing. The document provides steps for applying the practice-based model, which includes recognizing an issue, identifying actors, collecting facts, testing for types of dilemmas, investigating actions, consulting, weighing impacts, and reviewing decisions.
Ethical Decision Making
This document provides an overview of ethical decision making. It discusses decision making as the process of selecting an action from alternatives. Effective decision making involves clients, respecting their autonomy, and ensuring they have enough information to make informed choices. Decisions can be personal, clinical, or organizational. The document then outlines the steps in ethical decision making: 1) identifying the problem, 2) criteria, 3) weighting criteria, 4) developing alternatives, 5) analyzing alternatives, 6) selecting an alternative, 7) implementing it, and 8) evaluating the decision. Barriers like being hasty, narrow, scattered or fuzzy can impede good decision making. Overall, the document provides a framework for making ethical decisions through properly defining and addressing
Recommended
Ethical decision making process
This document outlines an ethical decision-making process presented by Anandu K P. It begins by defining ethics as dealing with ideas about good and bad behavior or what is morally right and wrong. When faced with an ethical dilemma, this process helps determine the right course of action. The framework considers ethical issue intensity, individual factors like age and experience, and organizational factors like culture. The 7-step process involves identifying the problem, collecting information, evaluating alternatives, making a decision, acting, and reviewing the action and consequences.
Ethical Decision Making Process
The document discusses ethical decision making and provides a framework for understanding the process. It involves 7 steps: 1) identify the ethical problem, 2) collect relevant information, 3) evaluate the information, 4) consider alternatives, 5) make a decision, 6) act or implement, and 7) review the action. The process applies three ethics theories: utilitarian perspective to maximize good, rights perspective considering people's entitlements, and justice perspective focusing on fairness and rules. Ethical decision making considers various factors like individual traits, organizational culture, and opportunity for ethical or unethical behavior.
Ethical dilemmas
An ethical dilemma is a situation where a choice must be made between two undesirable alternatives that both have moral implications. This can impact a business's profitability, competitiveness, and its stakeholders which include shareholders, employees, and society. To resolve ethical dilemmas, one should analyze the consequences of each option, analyze the moral nature of each action, and make a decision.
Handling ethics issues in the workplace
In today’s workplaces, human resources professionals often take on the role of ethics advisors to managers and employees in the company. When workplace misconduct surfaces, the HR team may be called upon to assist in internal investigations and spread awareness of ethics issues to help prevent future code of ethics violations. HR professionals need to be able to recognize when ethical issues need to be addressed and understand how to develop techniques for resolving them.
Join Angela Reddock-Wright, employment attorney, author and speaker, as she discusses practical strategies for identifying and resolving ethics issues in the workplace.
Webinar attendees will learn:
When to escalate ethics issues and to whom
How to identify early warning signals of conflict between personal and work values
How to address specific employment-related ethical issues and conflicts
Leading strategies for handling ethical issues in the workplace
Key elements of an organizational code of ethics
How ethics affect a company’s bottom line
Ethics & value s ppt
The document discusses the meaning and importance of ethics, especially business ethics. It defines ethics as the science of character and principles that determine right and wrong conduct. Business ethics comprises the moral principles that guide behavior in business. The document outlines different views on the relationship between business and ethics, discusses common unethical acts and why misconduct often goes unreported, and provides suggestions for encouraging ethical conduct like training, whistleblowing policies, and codes of ethics.
04 ethical decision making
This document discusses ethical decision making and resolving ethical dilemmas. It begins by defining ethical behavior and identifying common myths about business ethics. An ethical dilemma is described as a complex situation with no clear right or wrong answer that involves balancing different interests. The document then outlines several approaches for resolving dilemmas, including using utilitarian, rule-based, and care-based thinking. It also discusses the whistleblowing process and provides a 10-step framework for ethical decision making. Finally, the document analyzes different tests that can be applied to potential decisions, such as considering benefits and costs, and whether the action could withstand public scrutiny.
Moral decision making
This document discusses models of moral decision-making. It describes five models: standards-based, principles-based, virtues-based, moral reasoning-based, and practice-based. The practice-based model involves recognizing a moral issue, gathering facts, assessing values and influences, generating solutions, consulting, acting, and reviewing. The document provides steps for applying the practice-based model, which includes recognizing an issue, identifying actors, collecting facts, testing for types of dilemmas, investigating actions, consulting, weighing impacts, and reviewing decisions.
Ethical Decision Making
This document provides an overview of ethical decision making. It discusses decision making as the process of selecting an action from alternatives. Effective decision making involves clients, respecting their autonomy, and ensuring they have enough information to make informed choices. Decisions can be personal, clinical, or organizational. The document then outlines the steps in ethical decision making: 1) identifying the problem, 2) criteria, 3) weighting criteria, 4) developing alternatives, 5) analyzing alternatives, 6) selecting an alternative, 7) implementing it, and 8) evaluating the decision. Barriers like being hasty, narrow, scattered or fuzzy can impede good decision making. Overall, the document provides a framework for making ethical decisions through properly defining and addressing
Introduction To Ethics & Ethical Principles
This document provides an introduction to ethics and ethical principles for students in health and social care. It discusses why ethics are important and how they can help with decision making. It outlines several frameworks for ethical principles, including Beauchamp and Childress' four principles of respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. It also discusses Rowson's F.A.I.R. framework involving fairness, respect for autonomy, integrity, and seeking beneficial outcomes with minimal harm. The document contrasts deontology and consequentialism as two main ethical theories. It provides learning outcomes and discusses how ethics relate to law, influences on ethics, and key concepts like veracity and fidelity.
Ethical Dilemmas
This document discusses ethical dilemmas and conflicts of interest that can arise in professional situations. It notes that ethical dilemmas occur when two ethical values seem incompatible and conflicts of interest arise when an individual has duties to multiple parties. Values can conflict between societal, personal, corporate, and professional standards. When resolving dilemmas, transparency, fairness, and considering all effects are important. Concerns can be raised with professional bodies or organizations' whistleblower policies while following codes of ethics.
Ethics, definitions & theories
This document defines key terms in ethics like deontology, utilitarianism, and contractarian theories. It discusses debates around issues like privacy, intellectual property, and censorship. It outlines threats to privacy from public data availability, commercial and government tracking. Issues with intellectual property include copyright, copyleft movements, and cybercrime damages. The document also discusses codes of ethics for computing like the Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics.
Ethics
this presentation is about ethics, its definitions, meanind and importance. nature, purpose and scope of ethics in education.
1.ethics
This document provides an introduction to business ethics. It defines business ethics as the application of ethics to business situations and decisions. It discusses the meaning, nature, objectives and importance of business ethics. It also covers topics like the sources and types of business ethics, as well as factors that influence ethical behavior in business. The overall purpose is to introduce the concept and scope of business ethics.
Business Ethics an Introduction
This document discusses ethics and business ethics. It defines ethics as the study of good and bad behavior and morality. Business ethics refers to applying ethical standards to business practices and decisions. The document outlines several approaches to ethical standards like utilitarianism and virtue ethics. It also discusses ethical dilemmas that can arise in business when there are conflicts between ethical decisions and business interests. Overall, the document provides an overview of ethics and emphasizes the importance of following ethical practices in business.
Ethical dilemmas presentation
The document discusses the concepts of ethics and ethical dilemmas, particularly as they relate to various professions such as nursing, social work, business, and medicine. It provides definitions of ethics as moral principles governing behavior, and ethical dilemmas as difficult situations involving conflicting obligations. Several examples are given of common ethical dilemmas that arise in different fields, such as truth-telling to patients, patient competence, conflicts between patient and family wishes, and using extraordinary measures to prolong life. Nursing students' experiences with resolving ethical conflicts are also briefly mentioned.
ETHICAL DILEMMA
This document discusses ethical dilemmas, their sources and resolutions. It notes that ethical dilemmas present difficult moral choices between two undesirable options. Such dilemmas can impact businesses through their effects on stakeholders like shareholders, employees and society. The document also explores sources of ethical problems like changes in laws, technologies or beliefs. It recommends establishing codes of conduct, rewarding ethical behavior, open communication and avoiding conflicts of interest to reduce dilemmas.
Ethical theories
This document discusses several ethical theories and issues related to recruiting in higher education. It provides an overview of deontological, utilitarian, rights, casuist, and virtue ethical theories, noting both strengths and weaknesses of each. It then examines ethics around recruiting, including how to represent open positions, locate candidates, and conduct interviews in an ethical manner. It provides questions to consider for ethical decision making and recommends learning about stakeholders, evaluating options, making decisions, acting, and following up to determine outcomes. The goal is to recruit fairly, avoid discrimination, be transparent, respect candidates' rights, and make choices that do the most good and least harm.
Lecture 9 ethical decision making
This document outlines a 10-step model for ethical decision-making that counselors can use to address challenges in their practice. The model involves identifying an issue, reviewing relevant ethical codes and principles, considering options and consequences, making a decision with input from supervision, and evaluating outcomes. The goal is for counselors to make justifiable choices that protect clients and are informed by their professional responsibilities and values. Regular self-reflection is also important to mitigate personal impacts. Overall, the model provides a framework to systematically navigate complex situations in a way that centralizes client welfare.
Ethical leadership
Ethical leadership is directed by respect for ethical beliefs and values of others. Research shows that social learning theory explains how leaders can influence followers' perceptions of them as ethical - leaders must be attractive and credible role models. Ethical leadership is positively related to follower work attitudes and behaviors, and negatively related to counterproductive behaviors. Situational factors like ethical role modeling, organizational ethical context, and moral intensity of issues can influence ethical leadership.
Ethics (2014)
This document provides an overview of objectives covered in an ethics presentation given by Heidi and Thomas Tribunella. The presentation introduces ethical thought, reviews western philosophers like Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and their contributions to ethics. It discusses ethical theories and how they relate to accounting standards and resolving ethical dilemmas. The presentation also examines fraud, computer crimes, and ethics codes from the AICPA.
Ethical theories
The document discusses several theories of ethics including utilitarianism, rights, justice, and egoism. Utilitarianism holds that an action is right if it produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people. The rights theory focuses on respecting individuals' moral rights and entitlements. Justice examines fair distribution of costs and benefits. Egoism maintains that right action is whatever satisfies one's self-interest. The document provides examples and limitations of each theory for analyzing ethical decisions and dilemmas.
INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS
This document provides an overview of ethics including its origin, meaning, evolution, and types. Some key points:
- Ethics is concerned with determining right and wrong human behavior based on moral principles like honesty and fairness. It originated from Greek and Latin terms and was influenced by philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, and Kant.
- There are different types of ethics including meta-ethics which examines the nature of ethics, normative ethics which studies ethical actions, and applied ethics which applies theories to real-world issues. Descriptive ethics studies people's moral beliefs.
- Organizations develop codes of ethics to guide acceptable conduct. Implementing codes can be difficult due to cultural, design, and enforcement challenges.
Moral AND ETHICS
Morals refer to rules that govern right and wrong actions for individuals or societies, though what is considered moral can vary between cultures. There are various moral philosophies and principles such as non-maleficence, beneficence, justice, and honesty. Ethics provide guiding principles for determining what is good or bad and respond to specific situations, governed by individual or professional norms rather than social customs. While morals may differ between groups, ethics aim to be more uniform and allow for freedom of thought when addressing right and wrong conduct.
Ethical decision making
This document outlines a 5-step framework for making ethical decisions: 1) Recognize the ethical issues, 2) Get the relevant facts, 3) Evaluate alternative actions using utilitarian, rights-based, justice, common good, and virtue approaches, 4) Make a decision and test it, 5) Act and reflect on the outcome. The framework provides questions to guide each step, such as identifying stakeholders, consulting all relevant parties, and considering how different ethical approaches assess various options.
Ethics
what is ethics and types, how we can change our life according the ethics .
what is play role ethics in our life.
ethical decision making in business ethics.pptx
This document outlines a framework for ethical decision making in business. It discusses key concepts like business ethics, ethical decision making, and frameworks for assessing decisions. It then presents a nine-step process for making ethical decisions that involves gathering facts, defining the ethical issues, identifying affected parties, considering consequences, relevant principles/rights, personal character, creative solutions, intuition, and deciding on a course of action. The goal is to make decisions that balance different ethical considerations and can be reasonably justified.
Lecture1 introduction to ethics
The document provides an introduction to ethics, including definitions of key terms like ethics, morality, metaethics, normative ethics, and descriptive ethics. It discusses three broad categories of moral philosophy: metaethics, normative ethics, and descriptive ethics. It also summarizes different ethical theories like deontology, consequentialism, relativism, and ethical egoism. Finally, it outlines some principles of ethical decision making like considering stakeholders, consequences, guidelines, and reviewing decisions.
Introduction to Ethical Theories
This document introduces several ethical theories: Kantianism focuses on treating people as ends rather than means; utilitarianism evaluates actions based on their consequences and maximizing happiness; social contract theory proposes that individuals implicitly consent to moral rules for the benefit of society; and virtue ethics emphasizes cultivating moral character through habitually doing right actions. The document provides examples applying these theories to scenarios around plagiarism, highway construction, computer viruses, marketing practices, and more.
Ethics in Management reena patil.pptx
Management ethics refers to applying ethical principles and values when making managerial decisions and leading organizations. It is important for building trust with stakeholders, enhancing reputation, minimizing risks, and supporting sustainable growth. Key principles of management ethics include integrity, respect, transparency, responsibility, and sustainability. To promote management ethics, organizations should establish codes of conduct, demonstrate ethical leadership, provide ethics training, encourage open communication, and reward ethical behavior.
More Related Content
What's hot
Introduction To Ethics & Ethical Principles
This document provides an introduction to ethics and ethical principles for students in health and social care. It discusses why ethics are important and how they can help with decision making. It outlines several frameworks for ethical principles, including Beauchamp and Childress' four principles of respect for autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice. It also discusses Rowson's F.A.I.R. framework involving fairness, respect for autonomy, integrity, and seeking beneficial outcomes with minimal harm. The document contrasts deontology and consequentialism as two main ethical theories. It provides learning outcomes and discusses how ethics relate to law, influences on ethics, and key concepts like veracity and fidelity.
Ethical Dilemmas
This document discusses ethical dilemmas and conflicts of interest that can arise in professional situations. It notes that ethical dilemmas occur when two ethical values seem incompatible and conflicts of interest arise when an individual has duties to multiple parties. Values can conflict between societal, personal, corporate, and professional standards. When resolving dilemmas, transparency, fairness, and considering all effects are important. Concerns can be raised with professional bodies or organizations' whistleblower policies while following codes of ethics.
Ethics, definitions & theories
This document defines key terms in ethics like deontology, utilitarianism, and contractarian theories. It discusses debates around issues like privacy, intellectual property, and censorship. It outlines threats to privacy from public data availability, commercial and government tracking. Issues with intellectual property include copyright, copyleft movements, and cybercrime damages. The document also discusses codes of ethics for computing like the Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics.
Ethics
this presentation is about ethics, its definitions, meanind and importance. nature, purpose and scope of ethics in education.
1.ethics
This document provides an introduction to business ethics. It defines business ethics as the application of ethics to business situations and decisions. It discusses the meaning, nature, objectives and importance of business ethics. It also covers topics like the sources and types of business ethics, as well as factors that influence ethical behavior in business. The overall purpose is to introduce the concept and scope of business ethics.
Business Ethics an Introduction
This document discusses ethics and business ethics. It defines ethics as the study of good and bad behavior and morality. Business ethics refers to applying ethical standards to business practices and decisions. The document outlines several approaches to ethical standards like utilitarianism and virtue ethics. It also discusses ethical dilemmas that can arise in business when there are conflicts between ethical decisions and business interests. Overall, the document provides an overview of ethics and emphasizes the importance of following ethical practices in business.
Ethical dilemmas presentation
The document discusses the concepts of ethics and ethical dilemmas, particularly as they relate to various professions such as nursing, social work, business, and medicine. It provides definitions of ethics as moral principles governing behavior, and ethical dilemmas as difficult situations involving conflicting obligations. Several examples are given of common ethical dilemmas that arise in different fields, such as truth-telling to patients, patient competence, conflicts between patient and family wishes, and using extraordinary measures to prolong life. Nursing students' experiences with resolving ethical conflicts are also briefly mentioned.
ETHICAL DILEMMA
This document discusses ethical dilemmas, their sources and resolutions. It notes that ethical dilemmas present difficult moral choices between two undesirable options. Such dilemmas can impact businesses through their effects on stakeholders like shareholders, employees and society. The document also explores sources of ethical problems like changes in laws, technologies or beliefs. It recommends establishing codes of conduct, rewarding ethical behavior, open communication and avoiding conflicts of interest to reduce dilemmas.
Ethical theories
This document discusses several ethical theories and issues related to recruiting in higher education. It provides an overview of deontological, utilitarian, rights, casuist, and virtue ethical theories, noting both strengths and weaknesses of each. It then examines ethics around recruiting, including how to represent open positions, locate candidates, and conduct interviews in an ethical manner. It provides questions to consider for ethical decision making and recommends learning about stakeholders, evaluating options, making decisions, acting, and following up to determine outcomes. The goal is to recruit fairly, avoid discrimination, be transparent, respect candidates' rights, and make choices that do the most good and least harm.
Lecture 9 ethical decision making
This document outlines a 10-step model for ethical decision-making that counselors can use to address challenges in their practice. The model involves identifying an issue, reviewing relevant ethical codes and principles, considering options and consequences, making a decision with input from supervision, and evaluating outcomes. The goal is for counselors to make justifiable choices that protect clients and are informed by their professional responsibilities and values. Regular self-reflection is also important to mitigate personal impacts. Overall, the model provides a framework to systematically navigate complex situations in a way that centralizes client welfare.
Ethical leadership
Ethical leadership is directed by respect for ethical beliefs and values of others. Research shows that social learning theory explains how leaders can influence followers' perceptions of them as ethical - leaders must be attractive and credible role models. Ethical leadership is positively related to follower work attitudes and behaviors, and negatively related to counterproductive behaviors. Situational factors like ethical role modeling, organizational ethical context, and moral intensity of issues can influence ethical leadership.
Ethics (2014)
This document provides an overview of objectives covered in an ethics presentation given by Heidi and Thomas Tribunella. The presentation introduces ethical thought, reviews western philosophers like Socrates, Plato, Aristotle, and their contributions to ethics. It discusses ethical theories and how they relate to accounting standards and resolving ethical dilemmas. The presentation also examines fraud, computer crimes, and ethics codes from the AICPA.
Ethical theories
The document discusses several theories of ethics including utilitarianism, rights, justice, and egoism. Utilitarianism holds that an action is right if it produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people. The rights theory focuses on respecting individuals' moral rights and entitlements. Justice examines fair distribution of costs and benefits. Egoism maintains that right action is whatever satisfies one's self-interest. The document provides examples and limitations of each theory for analyzing ethical decisions and dilemmas.
INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS
This document provides an overview of ethics including its origin, meaning, evolution, and types. Some key points:
- Ethics is concerned with determining right and wrong human behavior based on moral principles like honesty and fairness. It originated from Greek and Latin terms and was influenced by philosophers like Plato, Aristotle, and Kant.
- There are different types of ethics including meta-ethics which examines the nature of ethics, normative ethics which studies ethical actions, and applied ethics which applies theories to real-world issues. Descriptive ethics studies people's moral beliefs.
- Organizations develop codes of ethics to guide acceptable conduct. Implementing codes can be difficult due to cultural, design, and enforcement challenges.
Moral AND ETHICS
Morals refer to rules that govern right and wrong actions for individuals or societies, though what is considered moral can vary between cultures. There are various moral philosophies and principles such as non-maleficence, beneficence, justice, and honesty. Ethics provide guiding principles for determining what is good or bad and respond to specific situations, governed by individual or professional norms rather than social customs. While morals may differ between groups, ethics aim to be more uniform and allow for freedom of thought when addressing right and wrong conduct.
Ethical decision making
This document outlines a 5-step framework for making ethical decisions: 1) Recognize the ethical issues, 2) Get the relevant facts, 3) Evaluate alternative actions using utilitarian, rights-based, justice, common good, and virtue approaches, 4) Make a decision and test it, 5) Act and reflect on the outcome. The framework provides questions to guide each step, such as identifying stakeholders, consulting all relevant parties, and considering how different ethical approaches assess various options.
Ethics
what is ethics and types, how we can change our life according the ethics .
what is play role ethics in our life.
ethical decision making in business ethics.pptx
This document outlines a framework for ethical decision making in business. It discusses key concepts like business ethics, ethical decision making, and frameworks for assessing decisions. It then presents a nine-step process for making ethical decisions that involves gathering facts, defining the ethical issues, identifying affected parties, considering consequences, relevant principles/rights, personal character, creative solutions, intuition, and deciding on a course of action. The goal is to make decisions that balance different ethical considerations and can be reasonably justified.
Lecture1 introduction to ethics
The document provides an introduction to ethics, including definitions of key terms like ethics, morality, metaethics, normative ethics, and descriptive ethics. It discusses three broad categories of moral philosophy: metaethics, normative ethics, and descriptive ethics. It also summarizes different ethical theories like deontology, consequentialism, relativism, and ethical egoism. Finally, it outlines some principles of ethical decision making like considering stakeholders, consequences, guidelines, and reviewing decisions.
Introduction to Ethical Theories
This document introduces several ethical theories: Kantianism focuses on treating people as ends rather than means; utilitarianism evaluates actions based on their consequences and maximizing happiness; social contract theory proposes that individuals implicitly consent to moral rules for the benefit of society; and virtue ethics emphasizes cultivating moral character through habitually doing right actions. The document provides examples applying these theories to scenarios around plagiarism, highway construction, computer viruses, marketing practices, and more.
What's hot (20)
Similar to Ethical decision making
Ethics in Management reena patil.pptx
Management ethics refers to applying ethical principles and values when making managerial decisions and leading organizations. It is important for building trust with stakeholders, enhancing reputation, minimizing risks, and supporting sustainable growth. Key principles of management ethics include integrity, respect, transparency, responsibility, and sustainability. To promote management ethics, organizations should establish codes of conduct, demonstrate ethical leadership, provide ethics training, encourage open communication, and reward ethical behavior.
Business Ethics
Business ethics involves ethical decision-making by people in business according to moral principles or values. There are many factors that influence decision-making, including issue intensity, personal moral philosophy, and organizational culture. Ethical decision-making follows steps like gathering facts, identifying stakeholders, and considering consequences. Business ethics aims to study and establish standards for morally right behavior in business. Organizations can shape ethical conduct through codes of conduct, ethical training and reasoning, demonstrating ethical leadership, and helping employees act ethically.
Business Ethics
This document provides an introduction to business ethics. It defines ethics as a set of moral standards or values to determine what is right or wrong. Business ethics applies ethical standards to business decisions and actions. There are two types of ethical problems in business - overt issues like bribery and theft, and more complex covert issues. The document outlines three models of management ethics and six stages of ethical consciousness that businesses may progress through. It also discusses factors like an individual manager's moral development and a company's culture and systems that can influence ethical choices. The benefits of practicing business ethics and approaches to ethical decision making are presented.
08. making ethical decisions in business
This document provides an overview of ethical decision making in business. It defines ethics and discusses ethical versus unethical business decisions. The document then presents a framework for ethical decision making that considers ethical issue intensity, individual factors like gender and education, organizational factors like culture, and opportunities for unethical behavior. It discusses using this framework to improve decisions and the influence of leadership styles on ethics. Leadership is said to impact organizational values and decision making through moral integrity and balancing stakeholder interests.
Business Ethics
This document provides an overview of ethics and business ethics. It begins with definitions of ethics, personal ethics, professional ethics, and business ethics. It then discusses the history of ethics and principles of personal and professional ethics. It also covers institutionalizing ethics through codes of conduct, ethical committees, and the significance and need for business ethics. Additional sections define values and ethics, explain how corporations can observe ethics, and discuss ethical decision making and dilemmas in business. The document concludes with a case study example.
Business ethics
This document discusses business ethics, defining it as the rules or principles that define right and wrong conduct in business. It outlines three types of managerial ethics: moral, amoral, and immoral management. Moral management strives to follow ethical principles while succeeding, while immoral management ignores ethics and opposes ethical behavior to focus solely on profits. The document also discusses factors influencing ethical behavior, stages of moral development, best practices in ethics and compliance, characteristics of an ethical organization, and benefits of managing ethics in the workplace.
Ethical dilemmas at worplace
The document discusses ethical dilemmas that can arise in the workplace. It defines ethics and explains why ethics are important in business communication. Some common sources of ethical behavior and types of ethical dilemmas are described. Examples of unethical behaviors in organizations are provided. The document also discusses how values drive behavior and provides steps to overcome ethical dilemmas. It emphasizes developing ethical policies and training, establishing confidential ethics reporting, and applying policies consistently.
Ethics and governance unit 1
This document provides an overview of ethics, including business ethics. It defines ethics as a system of moral principles concerning what is good or bad. Ethics is distinguished from laws in that ethics provides guidelines rather than enforceable rules. The document outlines the importance, scope, and objectives of ethics in both personal and professional/managerial contexts. It discusses the three levels of moral development and three types of ethics: transactional, participatory, and recognition. Business ethics aims to benefit society and stakeholders through compliance, contribution, and consideration of consequences. The government plays a role in legislating and supervising business ethics.
1BUSM 319931154198 Ethics & GovernanceLecture 4 Creat.docx
1
BUSM 3199/3115/4198
Ethics & Governance
Lecture 4: Creating an Ethical Organisation
1
2
Today
So what are we are saying is:
B = f (P & E)
BEHAVIOUR
ENVIRONMENT
PERSON
2
3
Outline
The work context
Organisational culture
Ethical formal and informal cultural systems
Ethics codes
Ethical leadership
The relationship between leadership, culture, ethics codes and behaviour
3
4
Learning objectives for today
Know the characteristics of an ethical organization
Discuss the difference between ethics of value and ethics of compliance
Understand the ethical formal and informal cultural systems
Discuss a code of ethics
Discuss ethical leadership
5
An Ethical Organisation
Trust
Effective communication
Openness
Objectivity and fairness
Integrity
Transparency
Values
6
The organisation as a context
individual personality is unimportant in organisational criminal behaviour, as it results from role fulfilling rather than individual pathology (Schrager & Short 1978)
a reliable picture of moral conduct can be ascertained “not so much in direct observation of the decision maker as in a firmer grasp of the decision maker’s environment” (Frederick 1992)
Bad apples and bad barrels: Most people are the product of the context they find themselves. They look up and around… (Trevino and Brown 2004)
7
Organisational membership
Persons in organisations are socialised in their roles (Katz and Kahn 1978).
Through this process, people accept the organisational goal structure and the culture (Clinard & Yeager 1980).
The expected role behaviour is learned from others’ expectations and the rewards that they receive from their organisational membership.
8
Ethics of Values? or Ethics of Compliance?
Values approach - is proactive and inspirational; emphasises expected behaviour, high standards
Compliance approach - is reactive and punitive; emphasises required behaviour, obeying the law
9
Organisational culture
Organisational culture affects people in organisations
The organisational culture includes the basic assumptions concerning what is right, proper and fair (Gottlieb & Sanzgiri 1996).
Expresses shared assumptions, values and beliefs and is the social glue that holds the organization together. It’s “how we do things around here.” (Trevino & Nelson 2006)
10
Ethical formal cultural systems
Leadership: creates, maintains and changes culture. Most important aspect of an organisation’s ethical culture
Selection and reward systems
Structure - authority, responsibility and ethical culture
Policies and codes- their effectiveness depends on other formal and informal systems. Ethics must be in the blood line of the organisation.
Orientation and training programs.
Decision making processes assumptions and scripts
(Trevino & Nelson 2006)
11
Reward systems
Reward systems can encourage unethical behavior
People do what’s rewarded
Rewards don’t have to be explicit
Think about how attempts to motivate can backfire
Set goals f.
Ethics at workplace
Topics covered:- Introduction, Historical aspects of Ethics, Correlation between values and behavior, Ethics at work place, objectives and benefits of ethics at work place, problems associated with unethical practices.
Quality management ethics
This document discusses ethics and its role in quality management. It defines ethics as the study of human behavior within a moral context. Total quality cannot be achieved without ethical behavior, as ethical behavior builds trust, which is essential for total quality. Managers, employees, and organizations all have important roles to play in promoting ethics. Managers must set an example and help employees make ethical decisions. Organizations must create environments that promote and reward ethical conduct. While training and codes of conduct can encourage ethics, sometimes there is a disparity between beliefs and actual behavior, due to factors like self-interest. Overall, the document emphasizes that ethics is fundamental for achieving total quality.
Business ethics
Business ethics refers to written and unwritten codes that govern decisions and actions within a company. An organization's culture determines what is considered right and wrong conduct. If businesses focus on long-term stability and growth over short-term goals, their decisions are more likely to be ethical. Managers play a key role in establishing an organization's ethical standards and culture. Upholding strong business ethics is important for public trust, preventing harm, and protecting employees and the company.
Quality management ethics BSHRM4A @ STI Balagtas
This document discusses ethics and quality management. It defines ethics as the study of human behavior within a moral context. It identifies five factors - purpose, pride, patience, persistence, and perspective - that help managers and employees make ethical choices. Trust and ethical behavior are necessary for total quality. Values like fairness and integrity form the basis of ethical behavior. Managers must set an example and promote an environment that rewards ethics. Organizations must also promote and model ethical conduct internally and externally. The document reviews models for addressing ethical dilemmas.
BE&CG.pptx
This document discusses the concepts of ethics and business ethics. It can be summarized as follows:
1. Ethics is a branch of philosophy that involves examining concepts of right and wrong conduct and moral behavior in humans. Business ethics applies these ethical principles and frameworks to business behavior and decisions.
2. Business ethics is based on principles of integrity and fairness, and focuses on benefiting all stakeholders of a business, both internal and external. Stakeholders include shareholders, employees, customers, and society.
3. Implementing ethical practices in business can have benefits like creating rapport with the public, improving organizational effectiveness, promoting healthy competition, and benefiting all stakeholders of a business. Strong business ethics can ultimately help businesses succeed
BE&CG.pptx
Business ethics is a branch of philosophy that involves systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong conduct in business. It is based on principles of integrity and fairness and concentrates on benefits to stakeholders, both internal and external. Some key factors that influence business ethics include leadership, corporate culture, strategy and performance, environmental factors, and individual characteristics. There are also different types of ethics considered in business such as transactional ethics, participatory ethics, and recognition ethics.
Module 2 value system and ethics
The document discusses the importance of having a coherent value system and ethical code to guide behavior as a counselor. It explains that a counselor's values and ethics can influence their ability to counsel clients effectively. Several ethical principles and guidelines are presented, including the need for informed consent, maintaining confidentiality, and addressing transference and countertransference in counseling relationships.
Organizational ethics
This document discusses organizational and business ethics. It begins by defining organizational business ethics as the application of individual morality to choices made in professional contexts and business situations. It then discusses why ethics are important for organizations, noting they can influence employee commitment, investor/customer loyalty, legal issues, reputation, and profits. The document outlines ethical dilemmas organizations may face and the role of leaders in developing an ethical culture through training, strong values, strategic plans, and building integrity. It concludes that high ethics companies are driven by values, ensure fair treatment, and can make ethics a core competency.
Similar to Ethical decision making (20)
A ppt for MBA professional to get the knowledge about Ethics
A ppt for MBA professional to get the knowledge about Ethics
1BUSM 319931154198 Ethics & GovernanceLecture 4 Creat.docx
1BUSM 319931154198 Ethics & GovernanceLecture 4 Creat.docx
Recently uploaded
The APCO Geopolitical Radar - Q3 2024 The Global Operating Environment for Bu...
The Radar reflects input from APCO’s teams located around the world. It distils a host of interconnected events and trends into insights to inform operational and strategic decisions. Issues covered in this edition include:
NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...
Nathalie zal delen hoe DEI en ESG een fundamentele rol kunnen spelen in je merkstrategie en je de juiste aansluiting kan creëren met je doelgroep. Door middel van voorbeelden en simpele handvatten toont ze hoe dit in jouw organisatie toegepast kan worden.
The Most Inspiring Entrepreneurs to Follow in 2024.pdf
In a world where the potential of youth innovation remains vastly untouched, there emerges a guiding light in the form of Norm Goldstein, the Founder and CEO of EduNetwork Partners. His dedication to this cause has earned him recognition as a Congressional Leadership Award recipient.
Brian Fitzsimmons on the Business Strategy and Content Flywheel of Barstool S...
On episode 272 of the Digital and Social Media Sports Podcast, Neil chatted with Brian Fitzsimmons, Director of Licensing and Business Development for Barstool Sports.
What follows is a collection of snippets from the podcast. To hear the full interview and more, check out the podcast on all podcast platforms and at www.dsmsports.net
2024-6-01-IMPACTSilver-Corp-Presentation.pdf
IMPACT Silver is a pure silver zinc producer with over $260 million in revenue since 2008 and a large 100% owned 210km Mexico land package - 2024 catalysts includes new 14% grade zinc Plomosas mine and 20,000m of fully funded exploration drilling.
3 Simple Steps To Buy Verified Payoneer Account In 2024
Buy Verified Payoneer Account: Quick and Secure Way to Receive Payments
Buy Verified Payoneer Account With 100% secure documents, [ USA, UK, CA ]. Are you looking for a reliable and safe way to receive payments online? Then you need buy verified Payoneer account ! Payoneer is a global payment platform that allows businesses and individuals to send and receive money in over 200 countries.
If You Want To More Information just Contact Now:
Skype: SEOSMMEARTH
Telegram: @seosmmearth
Gmail: seosmmearth@gmail.com
Hamster Kombat' Telegram Game Surpasses 100 Million Players—Token Release Sch...
Hamster Kombat' Telegram Game Surpasses 100 Million Players—Token Release Schedule Unveiled
The Genesis of BriansClub.cm Famous Dark WEb Platform
BriansClub.cm, a famous platform on the dark web, has become one of the most infamous carding marketplaces, specializing in the sale of stolen credit card data.
How MJ Global Leads the Packaging Industry.pdf
MJ Global's success in staying ahead of the curve in the packaging industry is a testament to its dedication to innovation, sustainability, and customer-centricity. By embracing technological advancements, leading in eco-friendly solutions, collaborating with industry leaders, and adapting to evolving consumer preferences, MJ Global continues to set new standards in the packaging sector.
一比一原版(QMUE毕业证书)英国爱丁堡玛格丽特女王大学毕业证文凭如何办理
永久可查学历认证【微信：A575476】【(QMUE毕业证书)英国爱丁堡玛格丽特女王大学毕业证成绩单Offer】【微信：A575476】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：A575476】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：A575476】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Kalyan Chart Indian Matka Kalyan panel Chart
Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Kalyan Chart Indian Matka Kalyan panel Chart➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
SATTA MATKA SATTA FAST RESULT KALYAN TOP MATKA RESULT KALYAN SATTA MATKA FAST RESULT MILAN RATAN RAJDHANI MAIN BAZAR MATKA FAST TIPS RESULT MATKA CHART JODI CHART PANEL CHART FREE FIX GAME SATTAMATKA ! MATKA MOBI SATTA 143 spboss.in TOP NO1 RESULT FULL RATE MATKA ONLINE GAME PLAY BY APP SPBOSSDpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Satta Matka
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Satta Matka➒➌➎➏➑➐➋➑➐➐Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Indian Matka Indian satta Matka Dpboss Matka Kalyan Chart Matka Boss otg matka Guessing Satta Innovation Management Frameworks: Your Guide to Creativity & Innovation
Innovation Management Frameworks: Your Guide to Creativity & InnovationOperational Excellence Consulting
[To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentations]
This PowerPoint compilation offers a comprehensive overview of 20 leading innovation management frameworks and methodologies, selected for their broad applicability across various industries and organizational contexts. These frameworks are valuable resources for a wide range of users, including business professionals, educators, and consultants.
Each framework is presented with visually engaging diagrams and templates, ensuring the content is both informative and appealing. While this compilation is thorough, please note that the slides are intended as supplementary resources and may not be sufficient for standalone instructional purposes.
This compilation is ideal for anyone looking to enhance their understanding of innovation management and drive meaningful change within their organization. Whether you aim to improve product development processes, enhance customer experiences, or drive digital transformation, these frameworks offer valuable insights and tools to help you achieve your goals.
INCLUDED FRAMEWORKS/MODELS:
1. Stanford’s Design Thinking
2. IDEO’s Human-Centered Design
3. Strategyzer’s Business Model Innovation
4. Lean Startup Methodology
5. Agile Innovation Framework
6. Doblin’s Ten Types of Innovation
7. McKinsey’s Three Horizons of Growth
8. Customer Journey Map
9. Christensen’s Disruptive Innovation Theory
10. Blue Ocean Strategy
11. Strategyn’s Jobs-To-Be-Done (JTBD) Framework with Job Map
12. Design Sprint Framework
13. The Double Diamond
14. Lean Six Sigma DMAIC
15. TRIZ Problem-Solving Framework
16. Edward de Bono’s Six Thinking Hats
17. Stage-Gate Model
18. Toyota’s Six Steps of Kaizen
19. Microsoft’s Digital Transformation Framework
20. Design for Six Sigma (DFSS)
To download this presentation, visit:
https://www.oeconsulting.com.sg/training-presentationsDearbornMusic-KatherineJasperFullSailUni
My powerpoint presentation for my Music Retail and Distribution class at Full Sail University
The Steadfast and Reliable Bull: Taurus Zodiac Sign
Explore the steadfast and reliable nature of the Taurus Zodiac Sign. Discover the personality traits, key dates, and horoscope insights that define the determined and practical Taurus, and learn how their grounded nature makes them the anchor of the zodiac.
Call8328958814 satta matka Kalyan result satta guessing
Satta Matka Kalyan Main Mumbai Fastest Results
Satta Matka ❋ Sattamatka ❋ New Mumbai Ratan Satta Matka ❋ Fast Matka ❋ Milan Market ❋ Kalyan Matka Results ❋ Satta Game ❋ Matka Game ❋ Satta Matka ❋ Kalyan Satta Matka ❋ Mumbai Main ❋ Online Matka Results ❋ Satta Matka Tips ❋ Milan Chart ❋ Satta Matka Boss❋ New Star Day ❋ Satta King ❋ Live Satta Matka Results ❋ Satta Matka Company ❋ Indian Matka ❋ Satta Matka 143❋ Kalyan Night Matka..
Part 2 Deep Dive: Navigating the 2024 Slowdown
Introduction
The global retail industry has weathered numerous storms, with the financial crisis of 2008 serving as a poignant reminder of the sector's resilience and adaptability. However, as we navigate the complex landscape of 2024, retailers face a unique set of challenges that demand innovative strategies and a fundamental shift in mindset. This white paper contrasts the impact of the 2008 recession on the retail sector with the current headwinds retailers are grappling with, while offering a comprehensive roadmap for success in this new paradigm.
2022 Vintage Roman Numerals Men Rings
Discover timeless style with the 2022 Vintage Roman Numerals Men's Ring. Crafted from premium stainless steel, this 6mm wide ring embodies elegance and durability. Perfect as a gift, it seamlessly blends classic Roman numeral detailing with modern sophistication, making it an ideal accessory for any occasion.
https://rb.gy/usj1a2
Recently uploaded (20)
The APCO Geopolitical Radar - Q3 2024 The Global Operating Environment for Bu...
The APCO Geopolitical Radar - Q3 2024 The Global Operating Environment for Bu...
NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...
NIMA2024 | De toegevoegde waarde van DEI en ESG in campagnes | Nathalie Lam |...
The Most Inspiring Entrepreneurs to Follow in 2024.pdf
The Most Inspiring Entrepreneurs to Follow in 2024.pdf
Brian Fitzsimmons on the Business Strategy and Content Flywheel of Barstool S...
Brian Fitzsimmons on the Business Strategy and Content Flywheel of Barstool S...
3 Simple Steps To Buy Verified Payoneer Account In 2024
3 Simple Steps To Buy Verified Payoneer Account In 2024
Hamster Kombat' Telegram Game Surpasses 100 Million Players—Token Release Sch...
Hamster Kombat' Telegram Game Surpasses 100 Million Players—Token Release Sch...
The Genesis of BriansClub.cm Famous Dark WEb Platform
The Genesis of BriansClub.cm Famous Dark WEb Platform
Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Kalyan Chart Indian Matka Kalyan panel Chart
Satta Matka Dpboss Matka Guessing Kalyan Chart Indian Matka Kalyan panel Chart
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Satta Matka
Dpboss Matka Guessing Satta Matta Matka Kalyan Chart Satta Matka
Innovation Management Frameworks: Your Guide to Creativity & Innovation
Innovation Management Frameworks: Your Guide to Creativity & Innovation
The Steadfast and Reliable Bull: Taurus Zodiac Sign
The Steadfast and Reliable Bull: Taurus Zodiac Sign
Call8328958814 satta matka Kalyan result satta guessing
Call8328958814 satta matka Kalyan result satta guessing
Ethical decision making
- 1. Presentation on Ethical Decision Making
- 2. Presented By : Rohit (MBA- Final Year) Roll No : 18831 Dep. of Management Ch. Ranbir Singh University Jind
- 3. Introduction & Meaning Ethics : Is moral principles that govern a person’s behaviour or the conducting of an activity. Ethics : The branch of knowledge that deals with moral principles. Ethics : the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral duty and obligation. Ethics is a system of moral principles, Rules & Norms.
- 4. Introduction & Meaning Ethical Decisions generate trust; demonstrate respect, responsibility, fairness and caring; and are consistent with good citizenship. These behaviors provide a foundation for making better decisions by setting the ground rules for our behavior. Practicing Ethical Decision Making can help you maintain an honest, supportive, and fair work your company and it’s also necessary to ensure your company. Ethical D.M : Process of making ethical decisions which Requires.
- 5. Definitions Ethical Decision Making : Process of evaluating and choosing among alternatives in a manner consistent with ethical principles. Ethical decision-making refers to the process of evaluating and choosing among alternatives in a manner consistent with ethical principles. Ethical Decisions Making is a cognitive process that consider various ethical Principles, Rules & Virtues or the maintenance of relationship to Guide or Judge individual or group decisions or intended actions.
- 6. Process
- 7. Steps of Ethical D.M Process Step-1 : Identify The Ethical Issues.
- 8. Step-2 : Collect the relevant information.
- 9. Step-3 : Evaluates the Information.
- 10. Step-4 : Generate the possible actions.
- 11. Step-5 : Consider the Effective Alternatives.
- 12. Step-6 : Make the Decisions.
- 13. Step-7 : Take Actions or Implement.
- 14. Step-8 : Review the Actions.