Ethernet is a family of networking technologies used to connect devices in local area networks. Ethernet cables use RJ45 connectors and can be wired as either straight through or crossover cables. Straight through cables connect unlike devices such as a computer to a router or switch, while crossover cables connect like devices such as two computers or two switches. The pins are wired differently according to the T568A or T568B wiring standards to determine if the cable is straight through or crossover.

1. ETHERNET

2. Fig :LAN cable OR Ethernet cable

4. ETHERNET CONTD…
• Ethernet is a family of computer networking technologies used in
LAN, MAN and WAN
• The original 10Base5 Ethernet uses co-axial cable as a shared
medium, the newer Ethernet variants use twisted pair and fibre optic
links in conjunction with hubs and switch
• Ethernet data transfer rates have been increased from 2.94Mbps to
latest 10Gbps.
• System communicating over Ethernet divide a stream of data into
short pieces called frames.

5. ETHERNET CONTD…
• An Ethernet cable is one of the most common forms of network cable
used on wired networks. Ethernet cables connect devices within a
local area network, like PCs, routers, and switches.
• Any device accessing a geographically localized network using a cable
-- i.e., with a wired rather than wireless connection -- likely uses
Ethernet -- whether in a home, school or office setting. From
businesses to gamers, diverse end users depend on the benefits of
Ethernet connectivity, including reliability and security.

6. ETHERNET CONTD…
• Compared to wireless LAN technology, Ethernet is typically less
vulnerable to disruptions -- whether from radio wave interference,
physical barriers or bandwidth hogs.
• It can also offer a greater degree of network security and control than
wireless technology, as devices must connect using physical cabling --
making it difficult for outsiders to access network data or hijack
bandwidth for unsanctioned devices.

7. Types of Ethernet
Cables
• Ethernet cables normally support one or more industry standards
including Category 5 and Category 6. Most technicians refer to those
standards as CAT5 and CAT6, respectively
1) Straight Through Cable
2) Crossover Cable

8. Cat5 vs. Cat6: Comparison Chart

9. Difference of Straight Through and
Crossover Cable
• Ethernet cables can be wired as straight through or crossover. The
straight through is the most common type and is used to connect
computers to hubs or switches. They are most likely what you will
find when you go to your local computer store and buy a patch cable.
• Crossover cable is more commonly used to connect a computer to a
computer and may be a little harder to find since they aren’t used
nearly as much as straight through cable.

10. ‘RJ45 Connector' OR '8P8C'
• RJ45 is a type of connector commonly used for Ethernet networking.
It looks similar to a telephone jack, but is slightly wider.
• Since Ethernet cables have an RJ45 connector on each end, Ethernet
cables are sometimes also called RJ45 cables.
• The "RJ" in RJ45 stands for "registered jack," since it is
a standardized networking interface.
• The "45" simply refers to the number of the interface standard.
• Each RJ45 connector has eight pins, which means an RJ45
cable contains eight separate wires

11. Fig : RJ45 Connector OR 8P8C

12. T568A And T568B Wiring Standard Basis
• A RJ45 connector is a modular 8 position, 8
pin connector used for terminating Cat5e patch cable or
Cat6 cable.
• A pinoutis a specific arrangement of wires that
dictate how the connector is terminated.
• There are two standards recognized by ANSI, TIA and EIA for wiring
Ethernet cables.
• The first is the T568A wiring standard and the second is T568B.
• T568B has surpassed 568A and is seen as the default wiring
scheme for twisted pair structured cabling. If you are unsure of which

13. T568A And T568B Wiring Standard Basis

14. Straight Through Cable
• A straight through cable is a type of twisted pair cable that is used in local
area networks to connect a computer to a network hub such as a router.
• This type of cable is also sometimes called a patch cable and is an
alternative to wireless connections where one or more computers access a
router through a wireless signal.
• On a straight through cable, the wired pins match.
• Straight through cable use one wiring standard: both ends use T568A wiring
standard or both ends use T568B wiring standard.
• The following figure shows a straight through cable of which both ends are
wired as the T568B standard.

15. Straight Through Cable – Contd…

16. Crossover Cable
• An Ethernet crossover cable is a type of Ethernet cable used to connect
computing devices together directly.
• Unlike straight through cable, crossover cables use two different
wiring standards: one end uses the T568A wiring standard, and the
other end uses the T568B wiring standard.
• The internal wiring of Ethernet crossover cables reverses the transmit
and receive signals.
• It is most often used to connect two devices of the same type: e.g. two
computers (via network interface controller) or two switches to each
other.

17. Crossover Cable contd…

18. Straight Through cable coding Crossover cable coding

19. Choose a Straight Through or Crossover Cable?
• Usually, straight through cables are primarily used for connecting
unlike devices. And crossover cables are use for connecting unlike
devices alike devices.
• Use straight through cable for the following cabling:
⮚Switch to router
⮚Switch to PC or server
⮚Hub to PC or server

20. Choose a Straight Through or Crossover Cable?
• Use crossover cables for the following
cabling:
⮚Switch to switch
⮚Switch to hub
⮚Hub to hub
⮚Router to router
⮚PC to PC

22. ETHERNET CABLE TYPES