This document summarizes Göran Lindqvist's presentation on the European Cluster Observatory. It discusses how the Observatory maps regional industry clusters across Europe using employment data. Cluster mapping involves analyzing the spatial concentration and co-location of industries to identify urban and rural clusters. Future work includes developing a flexible online mapping tool to analyze user-defined regions and sectors. The presentation also examines measuring spatial industry agglomeration and the relationship between urbanization and clustering.

1. Economy First: Regional Clusters Crossing Borders ESPON Workshop Luxembourg, 5 November 2009Göran LindqvistCSC, Stockholm School of Economics

2. Agenda The European Cluster Observatory Clusters – spatial and functional dimensions Cluster mapping Measuring spatial industry agglomeration Urban vs. rural agglomeration Future approaches Q&A Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 2

3. IVORY TOWER Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 3

4. www.clusterobservatory.eu Cluster Mapping Collaboration Platform Regional Framework Conditions Cluster Library Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 4

5. Agenda The European Cluster Observatory Clusters – spatial and functional dimensions Cluster mapping Measuring spatial industry agglomeration Urban vs. rural agglomeration Future approaches Q&A Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 5

6. Co-location of industries Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 6

7. Local (not clustered) The ”cluster sector” represents about 1/3 of all employment About 65% of employment Cluster category 1 About 35%of employment Cluster category 2 Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 7

8. About 250 NUTS-2 regions About 500 industries, 38 cluster categories Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 8

9. Agenda The European Cluster Observatory Clusters – spatial and functional dimensions Cluster mapping Measuring spatial industry agglomeration Urban vs. rural agglomeration Future approaches Q&A Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 9

15. Introduction of prioritised sectors (e.g. creative industries)Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 10

16. Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 11

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18. Agenda The European Cluster Observatory Clusters – spatial and functional dimensions Cluster mapping Measuring spatial industry agglomeration Urban vs. rural agglomeration Future approaches Q&A Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 13

19. Ind. A: 140 Ind. B: 130 Ind. C: 0 Ind. D: 110 Ind. E: 230 Ind. A: 120 Ind. B: 250 Ind. C: 80 Ind. D: 0 Ind. E: 0 Disproportionalitymeasures:Gini, Krugman, Theil, etc. Ind. A: 260 Ind. B: 310 Ind. C: 100 Ind. D: 190 Ind. E: 240 Agglomeration measures:Ripley’s K,“Lindqvist’s Q” Ind. A: 130 Ind. B: 110 Ind. C: 90 Ind. D: 0 Ind. E: 0 Regional totals vs. geo-coded data Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 14

20. Agglomeration and co-location Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 15

21. Agenda The European Cluster Observatory Clusters – spatial and functional dimensions Cluster mapping Measuring spatial industry agglomeration Urban vs. rural agglomeration Future approaches Q&A Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 16

22. Rural Urban rural, dispersed urban, dispersed rural, concentrated urban, concentrated Ref: Lindqvist (2009) “Disentangling Clusters” Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 17

23. Concentration: the tendency of firms to co-locate with firms of the same industrymore than with firms in general Urbanisation: the tendency of firms to co-locate with firms of any industrymore than firms in general do Clusters Ref: Lindqvist (2009) “Disentangling Clusters” Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 18

24. Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 19

25. Agglomeration depends on the range Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 20

26. Concentrated The urban-rural shift swine farmers 1 km egg farmers meat wholesalers 1 km 5 km security brokers 1 km 25 km 1 km 1 km 125 km agricultural wholesalers non-life insurance Dispersed Rural Urban Ref: Lindqvist (2009) “Disentangling Clusters”

27. Agenda The European Cluster Observatory Clusters – spatial and functional dimensions Cluster mapping Measuring spatial industry agglomeration Urban vs. rural agglomeration Future approaches Q&A Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 22

28. A flexible online cluster mapping tool User-defined regions Combine NUTS-2 Specialregions Baltic, Mediterranean, Danube Defaultregions mostly NUTS-2 User-defined sectors Combine NACE-4 Specialsectors Creative industries, eco, etc. Defaultsectorsabout 40 categories = allconcentrated industries Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 23

29. Agenda The European Cluster Observatory Clusters – spatial and functional dimensions Cluster mapping Measuring spatial industry agglomeration Urban vs. rural agglomeration Future approaches Q&A Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 24

30. ? ! Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 25

31. Contact Göran Lindqvist, PhD Center for Strategy and Competitiveness Stocholm School of Economics www.sse.edu/csc goran.lindqvist@hhs.se +46 8 7369524 Lindqvist, ESPON, Luxembourg, 5 Nov 2009 26