Esia Cyprus vassilikos_energy_centre

M.W. KELLOGG LIMITED
March 2006
Prepared by
Parsons Brinckerhoff Limited
Parnell House
25 Wilton Road
London
SW1V 1LW
UK
Aeoliki Limited
41 Themistokli Dervi Str.,
Hawaii Nicosia Tower – Office 705
Nicosia CY-1066
Cyprus
Prepared for
M.W. Kellogg Limited
Kellogg Tower
Greenford Road
Greenford
Middlesex
UB6 0JA
UK
VASILIKOS ENERGY CENTRE
BASIS OF DESIGN ENVIRONMENTAL
ASSESSMENT

Report Title : Vasilikos Energy Centre Basis of Design
Environmental Assessment
Report Status : Issue 2
Job No : FSE96539A
Date : March 2006
Prepared by :
Wayne Bergin / Emily Spearman
Checked by :
Robert Evans
Check Cat : C
Approved by :
Dr Dave Rogers

CONTENTS Page
1 INTRODUCTION 1
2 LEGISLATIVE AND POLICY FRAMEWORK 9
3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 18
4 LAND USE 48
5 GEOLOGY, SOILS, CONTAMINATED LAND AND HYDROGEOLOGY 54
6 WATER RESOURCES 67
7 TERRESTRIAL ECOLOGY 82
8 LANDSCAPE AND VISUAL 88
9 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY 95
10 NOISE AND VIBRATION 133
11 TRAFFIC AND INFRASTRUCTURE 147
12 WASTE 155
13 ARCHAEOLOGY 166
14 THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT 169
15 SOCIO ECONOMICS 195
16 HSE RISK ASSESSMENT 213
17 SPILL CONTINGENCY AND OIL SPILL RESPONSE 232
18 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SUMMARY TABLE 245

APPENDICES
A – FIGURES AND PLATES
B – REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS AND PROTOCOLS
C – REPUBLIC OF CYPRUS GOVERNMENT MINISTERIAL AND DEPARTMENTS
RESPONSIBILITIES
D –PERMIT APPLICATION FORMS
E – AIR EMISSIONS MODELLING ASSUMPTIONS
F – GLOSSARY OF ACOUSTICS TERMINOLOGY
G – FLORA IN THE SURROUNDING AREA TO THE ENERGY CENTRE
H – INTERNATIONAL CHEMICAL SAFETY CARDS
I – QRA MAJOR HAZARDS CONSIDERED
J – SCOPING REPORT

TABLES Page
Table 2.1 Permits and Typical Timelines from Submission to Approval..............................................16
Table 3.1 Oil Product Demand Projections...........................................................................................27
Table 3.2 Peak monthly demand expressed as a percentage of the annual demand ........................27
Table 3.3 Berthing and Ship Sizes .......................................................................................................29
Table 3.4 Ship Total Port Times ...........................................................................................................29
Table 3.6 Product Unloading, and Vapour Return Systems.................................................................35
Table 3.7 Tank Size and Number by Product.......................................................................................36
Table 3.8 Tank Descriptions .................................................................................................................36
Table 3.9 Predicted Road Traffic Movements.......................................................................................40
Table 5.1 Main Aquifers in the Region of the Site ................................................................................60
Table 5.2 Summary of Potential Impacts and Mitigation ......................................................................62
Table 6.1a Thresholds for dangerous substances in marine waters ...................................................68
Table 6.1b Obligatory quality parameters for bathing waters ..............................................................69
Table 6.1c Substances totally forbidden to be discharge in aquifers ...................................................70
Table 6.2 Discharge Quality Standards ...............................................................................................71
Table 6.3 Precipitation and number of rainy days (mm) (1961 - 1990) - Limassol...............................72
Table 7.1 Assessment Criteria for the Magnitude of Ecological Impacts ............................................83
Table 8.1 Definition of Sensitivity..........................................................................................................89
Table 8.2 Magnitude Definitions ..........................................................................................................89
Table 8.3 Landscape and Visual Amenity Impact Significance Criteria Guide.....................................90
Table 8.4 Viewpoints used for the Assessment....................................................................................90
Table 9.1 Summary of Current Air Quality Limit Values for Cyprus.....................................................96
Table 9.2 Cyprus Annual Emissions Ceilings ......................................................................................97
Table 9.3 Pollutants: Sources and Effects..........................................................................................98
Table 9.4 Significance Criteria ...........................................................................................................103
Table 9.5 VOC Emissions from Internal Floating Roof Tanks Storing Gasoline Products................104
Table 9.6 VOC Emissions from Fixed Roof Tanks Storing Petroleum Distillate Products ................105
Table 9.7 VOC Emissions From Mobile Container Loading (tonnes per year)..................................106
Table 9.8 Model Input Parameters for Diesel Firewater Pumps........................................................106
Table 9.9 Model Input Parameters for a Single SCV.........................................................................107
Table 9.10 Model Input Parameters for the LNG Flare......................................................................108
Table 9.11 Traffic Flows.....................................................................................................................109
Table 9.12 Estimated Annual Average Ship Activity Emissions ........................................................110
Table 9.13 Ship Activity......................................................................................................................110
Table 9.14 Results of Continous Ambient Air Monitoring 1989-90....................................................111
Table 9.15 Results of Ambient Air Monitoring 1996-97 .....................................................................112
Table 9.16 Results of Continuous Ambient Air Monitoring 2000-04..................................................113
Table 9.17 Results of Dispersion Modelling of Vasilikos Power Station Units 1 – 4, taken from
Parsons Brinckerhoff, May 2005..................................................................................................114
Table 9.18 Cyprus Annual Emissions (Figures in brackets are from the storage and distribution of
petroleum products).....................................................................................................................114
Table 9.19 Results of Dispersion Modelling of Vasilikos Power Station Units 1 –4 and Phase IV
(operating on distillate fuel oil (DFO) and on LNG), taken from Parsons Brinckerhoff, May 2005
.....................................................................................................................................................116
Table 9.20 Model Predicted Maximum Annual Average Concentration of VOCs Resulting from
Emissions from Storage Tanks and Loading Operations. ...........................................................119
Table 9.21 Odour Assessment Results for Diesel Vapours and Gasoline Vapours at the Point of
Maximum Impact Over Residential Receptors ............................................................................120
Table 9.22 Model Predicted Maximum Hourly Ground Level Concentrations of NO2, SO2 and CO
Resulting from Emissions During the Routine Testing of the Fire Water Pumps........................122
Table 9.23 Model Predicted Maximum Hourly Ground Level Concentrations of NO2 and CO Resulting
from Emissions During use of the SCV .......................................................................................123

Table 9.24 Maximum Predicted Increase in Annual Average Emissions of NO2 , PM10 , CO and
Benzene from Traffic due to the Operation of the Energy Centre ...............................................124
Table 9.25 Model Predicted Maximum Annual Mean Ground Level Concentrations of NO2 and PM10
Resulting from Ship Emissions....................................................................................................125
Table 9.26 Model Predicted Maximum Hourly Mean Ground Level Concentrations of NO2 (99.8th
Percentile) and SO2 (99.7th Percentile) Resulting from Worst Case Ship Emissions.................126
Table 9.27 Total Annual Emissions of VOCs from CEC in 2010 and 2035.......................................127
Table 9.28 Maximum Predicted Ground Level Concentrations of NO2 for the Operation of the Flare at
Maximum Load, as a Function of Stack Height ...........................................................................127
Table 10.1 World Bank Limits .............................................................................................................134
Table 10.2 World Health Organisation Limits .....................................................................................134
Table 10.3 Summary of Measured Background Noise Levels (LA90) at Nearby Receptor Locations.136
Table 10.4 Summary of Lowest Measured Background Noise Levels (LA90) at Nearby Receptor
Location, from both Previous Baseline Noise Assessments .......................................................137
Table 10.6 Sound Power Data Used in Computer Model...................................................................141
Table 10.7 Calculated Noise Levels at Receptor Locations ...............................................................142
Table 10.8 Assessment of the Cumulative Noise Impact ...................................................................142
Table 11.1 Traffic Impact Significance Criteria ...................................................................................147
Table 11.2 Vehicle Movements in the Vasilikos Area – Annual Daily Average for Selected Road
Sectors (2004) .............................................................................................................................148
Table 11.3 Road Traffic Arising from the Operation of the Vasilikos Energy Centre..........................151
Table 11.4 Predicted Traffic Impacts from the Energy Centre............................................................152
Table 12.1 Solid Waste Types Likely to Result From Construction Activities ....................................157
Table 12.2 Liquid Waste Streams Likely to Result From Construction ..............................................158
Table 12.3 Solid Waste Types Likely to Result From Operational Activities......................................162
Table 12.4 Liquid Waste Streams Likely to Result From Operational Activities.................................163
Table 14.1 Indicative Coastal Water Classification Scheme ..............................................................171
Table 14.2 Environmental Quality Objectives for Water Quality.........................................................173
Table 14.3 Sediment Quality Objectives.............................................................................................174
Table 14.4 Marine Resources Assessment Criteria ..........................................................................176
Table 14.5 Summary of Vasilikos Power Station EIA Water Quality Baseline Monitoring Results ....177
Table 14.5 Summary of Vasilikos Power Station EIA Water Quality Baseline Monitoring Results ....178
Table 14.6 Summary of Vasilikos Power Station EIA Sediment Quality Baseline Monitoring Results
.....................................................................................................................................................178
Table 14.7 Inshore Fishery Data, 2002-2004 (source: Department of Fisheries) ............................181
Table 15.1 Gross Domestic Product By Economic Activity ................................................................199
Table 15.2 Average monthly rates of pay, 1996 – 2003 Source: Census. ....................................202
Table 15.3 Population Figures – Larnaca District (2001) Source: Census of Population 2001 –
General Demographic Characteristics – Volume II .....................................................................204
Table 15.4 Cypriots/Non-Cypriots in Larnaca District Source: Census of Population 2001 – Data by
District, Municipality/Community Volume II..................................................................................205
Table 15.5 Ecnomically Active Population by Sector and Settlement. Source: Census of Population
2001 – Data by District, Municipality/Community – Volume II.....................................................206
Table 15.6 Percentage of labour force by age band working inland of Larnaca Source: Labour Force
Survey – 2003..............................................................................................................................207
Table 15.7 Percentage of residents of local settlements who travel outside their municipality to work
.....................................................................................................................................................207
Table 16.1 Health Hazards Associated with the Main Substances to be Stored at the Energy Centre
Site...............................................................................................................................................220
Table 16.2 Examples of the hazards and potential effects of these agents at the Energy Centre.....224
Table 16.3 Equipment and Engineering Systems Included in the Design..........................................227
Table 18.1 Mitigation Measures for Construction Phase....................................................................245
Table 18.2 Mitigation Measures for Operation Phase ........................................................................252

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 3.1 Topographic Map of Cyprus
Figure 3.2 Site Boundary
Figure 3.3 Aerial Photograph
Figure 3.4 Vasilikos Energy Centre Overview
Figure 3.5 Vasilikos Marine Facilities Conceptual Design, Option 7, Base Case
Figure 3.6 Vasilikos Energy Centre Plot Plan
Figure 3.7 Jetty Overall Plan
Figure 3.8 Project Schedule
Figure 3.9 Typical Double Skinned Cryogenic Tank
Figure 3.10 Typical Fixed Roof Tank
Figure 3.11 Typical Fixed Roof Tank
Figure 3.12 Typical Bullet
Figure 4.1 Land Use
Figure 5.1 Geological Map
Figure 5.2 Site Map Showing Greenfield and Brownfield sites
Figure 5.3 Local Aquifers
Figure 8.1 Landscape, Viewpoints Location
Figure 8.2 Zone of Visual Impact
Figure 9.1 Wind Roses for Larnaca
Figure 9.2 Discrete Receptor Locations
Figure 9.3 Annual Mean Volatile Organic Compounds, 2010
Figure 9.4 Annual Mean Volatile Organic Compounds, 2035
Figure 9.5 98th Percentile of Hourly Mean Diesel Odours, 2035
Figure 9.6 98th Percentile of Hourly Mean Gasoline Odours, 2035
Figure 9.7 Maximum Hourly Mean Nitrogen Dioxide from Firewater Pump Testing
Figure 9.8 Maximum Hourly Mean Nitrogen Dioxide from Operation of SCV
Figure 9.9 Annual Mean Nitrogen Dioxide from Shipping Emissions
Figure 9.10 99.8th Percentile Hourly Mean Nitrogen Dioxide from Flaring
Figure 10.1 Noise Contours, Existing and Proposed Noise Sources
Figure 10.2 Noise Contours, Proposed Noise Sources
Figure 10.3 Noise Contours, Cumulative Noise
Figure 10.4 Noise Contours, 3D
Figure 13.1 Archaeology
Figure 14.1 Vasilikos Bay Aerial Photograph
Figure 14.2 Fish Farms Location
Figure 14.3 Vasilikos Bay, Marine Biotopes
Figure 15.1 Socio Economic Assessment, Area of Interest
Figure 15.2 Administrative Districts Map
Figure 15.2 Cypriot population by Age and Gender, 2000
Figure 15.3 Age Profile Larnaca District (2001)

LIST OF PLATES
Plate 3.1 Residential Encroachment upon the Current Larnaca Petroleum
Plate 8.1 View from road to north of site.
Plate 8.2 View from south west corner of the site.
Plate 8.3 View from Governors Beach headland.
Plate 8.4 View from old Limassol/Nicosia Road.
Plate 8.5 View from western edge of Zygi on road to Vasilikos.
Plate 8.6 View of the area to the north of the site.
Plate 8.7 View from eastern edge of the site.
Plate 8.8 View of the Archirodon Port and the access road to the proposed Bitumen Products loading
area.
Plate 8.9 Panoramic view of the surrounding area from the headland that forms the eastern boundary
of the site.

ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
3R's Reduce, Reuse & Recycle
AERMAP American Terrain Pre-Processor (Air Quality Modelling Processor)
AERMET American Meteorological Processor (Air Quality Modelling Processor)
AERMOD American Meteorological Modelling (Air Quality Modelling Program)
ALARP As Low As Reasonably Practicable
As Arsenic
Ba Barium
BAT Best Available Technique
BATNEEC Best Available Technique Not Entailing Excessive Cost
Be Beryllium
BLEVE Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion
BoD Basis of Design
BOD Biological Oxygen Demand
BOT Build Operate Transfer
BOO Build Own Operate
BPM Best Practicable Means
BSFC Break Specific Fuel Consumption
BSI British Standard Institution
CBD Convention on Biological Diversity
CCGT Combined Cycle Gas Turbine
CCPD Competition and Consumer Protection Division
CEA Cyprus Electricity Authority
CED Customs and Exercise Department
CGF Cyprus Game Fund
CITES Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species
CNG Compressed Natural Gas
Co Cobalt
CO Carbon Monoxide
COD Chemical Oxygen Demand
COSCQ The Cyprus Organisation for Standards and the Control of Quality
CPA Cyprus Ports Authority
CPI Corrugated Plate Interceptor
CPRL Cyprus Petroleum Limited
Cr Chromium
CTO Cyprus Tourism Organisation
Cu Copper
dB Decibel
DEFRA Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
DFMR Department of Fishery and Marine Resources
DFO Distillate Fuel Oil
DLI Department of Labour Inspection
DO Dissolve Oxygen
DoA Department of Agriculture
DoF Department of Forests

DTPH Department of Town Planning and Housing
DVS Department of Veterinary Services
EA Environmental Assessment
EAC Electricity Authority of Cyprus
EGS Electronic and Geophysical Services
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EPC Engineering Procurement and Construction
EQO Environmental Quality Objectives
EQS Environmental Quality Standards
ERC Emergency Response Centre
ERM Environmental Resources Management
ERM2 European Exchange Rate Mechanism
ES Environmental Services
ESD Emergency Shutdown
EU European Union
FEED Front End Engineering Design
FGD Flue Gas Desulphurisation
FSRU Floating Storage and Re-gasification Unit
GAN Gaseous Nitrogen
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GoC Government of Cyprus
GSD Geological Survey Department
HCI Hellenic Chemical Industries
HFO Heavy Fuel Oil
HGV Heavy Goods Vehicles
HNS Hazardous and Noxious Substances
HSE Health, Safety and Environment
IFC International Finance Corporation
IFRT Internal Floating Roof Tank
IPPC Integrated Pollution Prevention Control
LBA Late Bronze Age
LFO Light Fuel Oil
LGV Light Goods Vehicles
LNG Liquid Natural Gas
LOR Law Office of the Republic
LP Liquid Petroleum
LPG Liquid Petroleum Gas
LR Later Roman
MANRE Ministry Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment
MAP Mediterranean Action Plan
MCIT Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Tourism
MCW Ministry of Commutation and Works
MLSS Minister of Labour and Social Security
Mo Molybdenum
MoF Ministry of Finance
MoH Ministry of Health
MoI Ministry of Interior
MQS Mines and Quarries Service

MSIL Minister of Social Insurance and Labour
NCP National Contingency Plan
Ni Nickel
NIOSH National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
NO2 Nitrogen Dioxide
NOSC National On-Scene Commander
NOx Nitrogen Oxide
NSR Noise Sensitive Receptors
O3 Ozone
OPRC Oil Pollution Preparedness Response and Co-operation
ORV Open Rack Vaporiser
OSRP Oil Spill Response Plan
PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
PB Parsons Brinckerhoff
Pb Lead
PC Process Contribution
PEC Predicted Environment Contribution
PEL Probable Effect Levels
PHS Public Health Services
PM10 Particulates
PSRV Pressure Release Valve
ROC Republic of Cyprus
SAC Special Area of Conservation
Sb Antimonium
SCV Submerged Combustion Vaporiser
Se Selenium
SEPA Scottish Environment Protection Agency
SGL State General Laboratory
Sn Tin
SO2 Sulphur Dioxide
SPA Special Protection Area
SPL Sound Pressure Level
SQG Sediment Quality Guidelines
SVP Saturated Vapour Pressure
SWL Sound Power Level
Te Tellurium
Ti Titanium
TI Thallium
TSS Total Suspended Solids
U Uranium
UPS Un-Interruptible Power Supply
USEPA United States Environmental Protection Agency
V Vanadium
VCE Vapour Cloud Explosion
VOC Volatile Organic Compounds
VRU Vapour Recovery Unit
WDD Water Development Department
Zn Zinc

SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
Prepared by Parsons Brinckerhoff Limited
Page 1 for M.W. Kellogg Limited
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Background
1.1.1 The Government of the Republic of Cyprus (referred to from herein in as the GoC) is
proposing an integrated Energy Centre at Vasilikos (referred to henceforth as the
Energy Centre), that will include facilities for the:
• Importation, storage, pressurisation and vaporisation of liquefied natural gas
(LNG) and distribution within Cyprus of natural gas to power plant users; and
• Importation, storage, handling and distribution within Cyprus of various petroleum
fuels ranging from Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) through to Fuel Oils and Marine
Bunker oils.
1.1.2 This project will help the GoC achieve its combined aims of:
• Building strategic storage reserves for petroleum fuels in order to meet the
requirements of European Union (EU) Directives, related to Cyprus’s accession
to the EU in 2004; and
• Improving the competitiveness and efficiency of the Cypriot Oil Industry through
modernisation and obtaining certain economies of scale.
1.1.3 The project is seen to be particularly important for the GoC as the EU Directives
98/93/EC and 68/414/EEC require that each Member State maintains fuel reserves
equal to at least 90 days consumption at all times, based on the average consumption
of the preceding year. Under the accession agreements, Cyprus has committed to
maintaining 60 days fuel reserves until 1st January 2008, and 90 days reserves
thereafter. This project is intended to ensure that the GoC can meet that commitment.
1.1.4 The facility has been designed to meet both the current needs of the country and the
readily foreseeable requirements for import and storage expectations of key
feedstocks such as LNG, but also for a range of other hydrocarbon-based products
such as LPG, gasoline, kerosene, jet fuel, diesel, fuel oil and bitumen. The terminal
has been designed with a minimum design lifetime of 25 years, and commissioning is
currently proposed for Quarter 4 of 2009.
1.1.5 In addition to its role as the strategic national reserve location, the Energy Centre will
also be used to import LNG to meet the needs of the proposed gas-fired power units
in Cyprus, and will be of particular importance to the Electricity Authority of Cyprus
(EAC) power plant at Vasilikos, located adjacent to the proposed facility.
1.1.6 The Energy Centre will also allow the relocation of many of the fuel oils currently
stored in the Larnaca depot, to the north of Larnaca city. This depot includes a series
of resources belonging to the Cyprus Petroleum Refinery Ltd. (CPRL), as well as the
terminals for the oil marketing companies in Cyprus; namely, Exxonmobil, EKO
Hellenic Petroleum (ex BP Cyprus), Petrolina (Holdings) Ltd, Synergas and Intergas.
The CPRL and marketing oil companies utilise their own offshore and onshore
facilities, i.e. moorings, storage tanks, truck loading facilities, LPG filling plants, and
offices. The fast growing Larnaca city has over time encroached upon the existing
terminal facilities and as such these facilities would face significant challenges in
expanding their storage capacity to provide the strategic reserves required by the EU
Directives, given their proximity to a major city centre. An agreement has therefore
been made between the GoC and the Municipality of Larnaca, which means that the
Larnaca depot (including CPRL) is proposed to be abandoned by 2010. This will also
allow the land to be released for urban development.

SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1.7 Further information surrounding the Energy Centre is provided in Section 3 Project
Description.
1.2 Objectives, Approach, Scope and Structure of the EA
Objectives
1.2.2 Parsons Brinckerhoff Ltd. (PB), has as a subcontractor to MW Kellogg Limited (who
are undertaking the engineering preliminary design for the Energy Centre), prepared
this Environmental Assessment (EA) on behalf of the GoC. In producing this EA, PB
has been assisted by Aeoliki and used input from GoC, MW Kellogg, HR Wallingford
and Royal Haskoning.
1.2.3 This EA presents the findings of the study, which has been undertaken to identify the
potential environmental impacts associated with the construction, operation and
eventual decommissioning of the for the primary phase (Basis of Design (BoD) and
conceptual design) of the proposed Energy Centre. The EA has focused on key
issues associated with the proposed facility, and has taken into account the
requirements of Cypriot and EU Legislation
1.2.4 The overall objective of the EA has been to provide a means whereby the negative
environmental impacts of the project are identified at the design stage and minimised
through the early recognition and (where possible) avoidance of sensitive issues.
This has included the development of appropriate mitigation measures for
unavoidable impacts. Specific objectives of the EA have been as follows:
• Collection of existing baseline information/data for assessment of impacts,
including collation of information collected during previous investigations and
EAs in the area into a single, comprehensive environmental document;
• Assessment and evaluation of the actual and potential environmental impacts of
the proposed development; and
• Development of environmental management and monitoring strategies, and
identification of mitigation strategies in order to reduce residual impacts.
1.3 Approach
1.3.1 EAs are planning instruments that aim to contribute to the design phases of a
development, as well as to function as a management tool to minimise potential
negative impacts and maximise benefits during construction and operational phases
of a project. To be effective in this role, the EA needs to form an integral part of the
project design process, allowing the environmental implications of various design
alternatives can be evaluated and the cost/benefits of the different trade-offs
assessed. The result is that potentially negative impacts can often be avoided and
almost always reduced, without compromising the real cost of the project, whilst
positive environmental outcomes associated with the project can be enhanced.
1.3.2 This EA has used desk-based research in the production of the majority of this
documents sections. In such circumstances the assessment team has been required
to interpolate from existing data, but has taken a precautionary (worst case) approach
to impact identification.
1.3.3 As the work has been conducted early in the Energy Centre design process not all the
design information has been available. It is planned that this document will be
updated with the information as and when it becomes available and resubmitted at
the end of the second Front End Engineering Design (FEED) phase of this project.

SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
1.3.4 This EA process has involved several key elements as follow:
i Scoping: to identify the issues and impacts that are likely to be important
and refine the terms-of-reference for the EA.
ii Examination of Alternatives: to establish an environmentally sound
preferred option for achieving the objectives of the Energy Centre.
iii Establishment of the Environmental Baseline: for the bio-physical and
socio-economic aspects of the environment, in order to establish prevailing
conditions prior to development of the Energy Centre.
iv Impact Analysis: to identify and predict the likely environmental and socio-
economic effects of the Energy Centre.
v Mitigation and Impact Management: to establish the measures that are
necessary to avoid, minimise or offset predicted negative impacts and,
where appropriate, to incorporate these into environmental management
and monitoring strategies.
vi Residual Impacts: outlining those impacts that cannot fully be mitigated,
and determining their relative significance.
vii Preparation of the Environmental Assessment Report to clearly document
the impacts of the proposal, significance of effects and the plans of the
Energy Centre to deal with these issues.
1.4 Scope
1.4.1 A scoping report was produced and is included in Appendix J. Key elements of the
scoping report include the following:
• Description of the proposed Energy Centre, including estimates of emissions,
effluent and waste, and consideration of the project alternatives;
• Evaluation of the baseline environmental conditions in the impact zone to provide
a basis for assessing the incremental impacts of the Energy Centre, including
existing pollution levels and nuisance conditions;
• Identification and assessment of the potential impacts on the environment during
each of the project phases;
• Identification of the mitigation measures required to minimise the potential
impacts; and
• Identification of the monitoring measures required to assess the effectiveness of
the mitigation measures and determine the actual significance of residual
impacts.
1.4.2 Work on this EA study has taken place between December 2005 and March 2006.
1.5 EA Methodology
Project Planning
1.5.2 Effective project planning is essential to clearly define and communicate the
environmental goals of this project and determine how these goals are to be reached.
The key questions that must be answered are:
• What are the likely issues requiring assessment?

SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
• What existing information is available concerning these issues?
• What information is subsequently absent and must be obtained?
1.5.3 These questions have been answered primarily through the scoping study as outlined
above, with further details analysed during the BoD phase of the work. In addition to
the initial site visit and document reviews, meetings were held with key project
stakeholders, including the EAC (Electricity Authority of Cyprus), and the following
GoC Departments and Ministries:
• Environmental Services;
• Ministry of Fisheries;
• Ministry of Agriculture;
• Water and Resources;
• Department of Labour Inspection;
• Department of Roads and Public Works;
• Department of Town Planning;
• Department of Geological Survey,
• Ministry of Defence; and
• Department of Land Use and Surveys.
1.5.4 These meetings have provided further information on the nature of the proposed
facilities and issues of potential concern.
1.5.5 The Vasilikos site is classified as brownfield (see Section 5) and has been extensively
studied in the past. The document and literature reviews were undertaken to clarify
and collate existing data, and identify any information gaps. Gaps that were found will
be addressed in the FEED phase of this project. The BoD study will form the basis
upon which the FEED EA shall be based.
1.6 Baseline Characterisation
1.6.1 In order to identify environmental impacts associated with the each of the phases over
the entire project lifespan, it is essential to have as much understanding and
appreciation for the existing environment as possible. Through this understand the
potential for interaction between the proposed development and the environment can
be assessed. For this reason, prevailing conditions have been established for a
range of environmental media, namely:
• Terrestrial environments: archaeology, ecology, geology, soils, contaminated
land, hydrogeology, water resources, land use, landscape, air quality, noise &
vibration, socio-economic, traffic & infrastructure and waste;
• Marine environments: archaeology, flora & fauna, fisheries, geology,
geomorphology and physical characteristics.
1.6.2 This has been achieved through a detailed review of all available existing
documentation and literature, which has been collated and presented as the baseline
of this EA. Further confirmatory surveys will be undertaken, where necessary, as part
of the FEED process for this project.

SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
1.7 Impact Assessment
1.7.1 Virtually all human activity imposes some disturbance to aspects of the environment,
due to physical impacts on natural systems or due to interactions with other human
activities and human systems. Often such impacts are slight or transitory and have
an effect that may be regarded as insignificant. In order to ascertain the impact
associated with a particular process, modelling has been used identify potential
changes from the current baseline conditions.
1.7.2 Impacts are defined as changes in the environment that result from an event that
interacts with it. They can be either positive or negative and actual or potential, and
are described in terms of the following:
• Frequency of impact occurrence;
• Likelihood of the impact occurring;
• Extent or the spatial extent of the impact;
• Duration of the impact;
• Magnitude of size of the impact in relation to set standards;
• Type of impact, whether the impact is beneficial (positive) or detrimental
(negative); and
• Significance – overall importance of the impact.
1.7.3 This EA has sought to predict the occurrence and potential significance of
environmental impacts associated with the proposed project and to describe the
measures, by which they could be avoided, reduced, remedied or compensated for.
The terminology used to describe the scope and type of impacts to each resource are
described individually for each study, however the generic impact definitions used
within this EA are as follows:
• No impact;
• Low/negligible negative impact;
• Moderate negative impact (significant, however mitigation should help minimise
the impact);
• Major negative impact (significant, and mitigation is definitely required); and
• Positive.
1.7.4 Unless otherwise indicated, these definitions have been applied consistently
throughout the study to determine impact significance.
1.8 Impact Mitigation
1.8.1 The approach adopted to assess the impacts of the proposed Energy Centre and to
define the relevant mitigation measures, is based on the premise that certain potential
impacts can be avoided through the careful choice of locality, technology and
materials. Extensive mitigation has been incorporated into the project design (as
described in the project description – Section 3 as well as the mitigation tables –
Section 18), in order to minimise the likelihood and extent of impacts to the
environment, and where necessary, further mitigation can be adopted to address
specific issues; but ultimately, some environmental impact may be unavoidable.

SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
1.8.2 Where impacts of moderate or major significance have been identified, mitigation has
been proposed to reduce the frequency, likelihood or extent (and hence the overall
potential significance) of the impact. Residual impacts are those that remain following
impact mitigation. The identification, assessment, and presentation of mitigation
options occur throughout this document, and are summarised in the Mitigation
Measures Summary Table (Section 18).
1.9 Cumulative Impacts
1.9.1 Cumulative impacts are discussed where relevant in the impact assessment sections.
1.10 Project Constraints
1.10.1 This EA has been undertaken using available desktop information at an early stage of
the engineering design process. Whilst this approach is sufficient to determine if
there are any potential ‘show-stopper’ issues with the project, it will be necessary to
revise this report once the project Basis of Design is confirmed and once any gaps in
the baseline environmental quality data have been filled with information gathered
from surveys.
1.11 Structure of the EA
1.11.1 The remainder of this report is set out as follows, the reader should note that figures
referenced within the text are attached at the end of the document in Appendix A:
• Section 2 summarises the legislative and policy framework, and guidelines of
relevance to the project.
• Section 3 provides further information about the project; it outlines the
justification for the project and its location, and describes the project needs and
alternatives.
• Section 4 describes the current land use baseline of the area surrounding the
Energy Centre, and provides assessment of any change in land classification
resulting from the proposed developments. This is followed by mitigation and
impact assessment.
• Section 5 provides a baseline for the terrestrial geology, soils, contaminated land
and hydrologeology. This is followed by mitigation and impact assessment.
• Section 6 provides a baseline of potential site runoff, groundwater protection,
deep well disposal and wastewater discharge. This is followed by mitigation and
an impact assessment for both construction and operational phases.
• Section 7 provides a baseline for the ecological environment surrounding the
proposed development, which identifies any protected habitats or species. This
is followed by mitigation and impact assessments.
• Section 8 provides the landscape and visual assessment of the proposed
developments. Using a visual envelope that encompasses the extent of the area
from which the proposed Energy Centre would be visible, mitigation and an
impact assessment has been provided for construction and operation.
• Section 9 provides an ambient air quality baseline, mitigation and impact
assessment for construction and operation of the Energy Centre.
• Section 10 provides a baseline of vibration and noise levels, and offers mitigation
and provides an impact assessment that estimates the effects that the

SECTION 1
INTRODUCTION
construction and operation of the Energy Centre will have on the noise climate to
the surrounding area.
• Section 11 establishes a baseline of the traffic and infrastructure environment,
and offers mitigation and assesses impacts of construction and operation of the
proposed Energy Centre.
• Section 12 reviews and assesses the management of the likely waste streams
resulting from the proposed development for both construction and operational
phases.
• Section 13 provides a terrestrial archaeological baseline, and mitigation and
impact assessment for construction and operation of the Energy Centre within a
1 km radius of the edge of the development area.
• Section 14 provides a detailed description of the existing marine environment of
the site, which includes marine geology, geomorphology and physical
characteristics, marine ecology and marine archaeology. The baseline is
followed by mitigation and impact assessment for construction and operation.
• Section 15 provides a baseline of the socio-economic environment, and
assesses the implications of the development, particularly in terms of the
economic impact, and associated indirect impacts. Mitigation is also offered.
• Section 16 provides a Health, Safety and Environmental (HSE) Risk Assessment
for the proposed Energy Centre, in line with relevant EU and Cypriot health and
safety legislative requirements, and assesses the needs for and contents of the
HSE management plans for both the construction and operational phases of the
proposed development.
• Section 17 provides a Spill Contingency and Oil Spill Response Plan to ensure
that appropriate procedures are in place to respond to oil spill incidents at the
proposed Energy Centre.
• Section 18 provides a table summarising the mitigation and monitoring measures
outlined in previous Sections of the EA, for both construction and operational
phases of the proposed Energy Centre.
• Technical Appendices are provided at the end of the EA.

SECTION 2
LEGISLATIVE AND POLICY FRAMEWORK

SECTION 2
2 LEGISLATIVE AND POLICY FRAMEWORK
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 This section provides an overview of the statutory framework for the project and a
summary of the Cypriot Government administrative network, as outlined in relation to
specific departmental roles, responsibilities and environmental policy and legislative
enforcement. Details of specific limit levels for discharges and specific emission
parameters are discussed where relevant within the impact assessment sections.
2.1.2 It should be noted that since Cyprus's accession to the European Union in May 2004,
all European Union and EU policies are followed and Cyprus has transposed the
European aquis into Cyprus law.
2.1.3 The project will be designed, built and operated to a number of International,
European and National legislative and regulatory requirements, namely:
• International Conventions in Force in Cyprus;
• European Union Legislative Requirements;
• Cypriot National Legislation;
• Industry Guidelines and Standards.
2.2 International Conventions in Force in Cyprus
2.2.1 Cyprus is a signatory to a number of international agreements and conventions on the
environment and related issues which are of relevance to the project. A full list is
provided as Appendix B. However, a summary of the significant conventions is
provided below:
• London Dumping Convention: Convention on Prevention of Marine
Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter, (London 1972) which regulates
disposal of potentially hazardous materials at sea.
• MARPOL Protocol: 1978 Protocol to the International Convention for the
Prevention of Pollution from Ships (1973) and relates to the prevention of marine
pollution from ships from operational and accidental causes.
• Basel Convention: Convention for the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous
Waste (1992);
• Aarhus Convention: Convention on access to information, public participation in
decision-making and access to justice in environmental matters (1998).
• Espoo Convention: The Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a
Transboundary Context (2000).
• Rio de Janeiro Convention: Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 1992
enunciating the principles of sustainable development and related instruments.
2.3 European Union Legislative Requirements
2.3.1 EU Environmental legislation includes three major inter-locking instruments namely
the EIA Directive 85/337/EEC as amended by 97/11/EC and 2003/35/EC, the IPPC
Directive 96/61/EC (Integrated Pollution, Prevention and Control), and the Seveso II
Directive 96/82/EC (Control of Major Accident Hazards). The EIA, IPPC and Seveso

SECTION 2
directives require reports, which are focused on aspects of the design, construction
and operational phases.
2.3.2 The categories of projects listed in the EIA and IPPC annexes overlap to a large
degree. The EIA Directive generally covers, in Annexes I and II, all the Annex I IPPC
categories of a project, except for categories 3.1 (cement manufacture), 6.7 (solvent
surface treatment) and 6.8 (carbon graphite manufacture).
The EIA Directive 85/337/EEC as amended by 97/11/EC and 2003/35/EC:
2.3.3 The EIA Directive sets the criteria for projects that require an Environmental
Statement outlining the potential impacts on the environment to be assessed within
the EIA process. This project falls within the parameters of Annex I of the directive
where an Environmental Impact Assessment is mandatory, as it includes the storage
of petroleum, petrochemical, or chemical products with a capacity of 200,000 tonnes
or more.
The IPPC Directive 96/61/EC (Integrated Pollution, Prevention and Control ).
2.3.4 The Directive’s purpose is to achieve integrated prevention and control of pollution
arising from certain potentially polluting processes. Measures are laid down to
prevent, or, where it is not practicable, to reduce emissions in the air, water and land
in order to achieve a high level of environmental protection of the environment as
whole with regard to the use of Best Available Techniques (BAT). It focuses on the
environmental impacts of the operation of new and existing installations and the
thresholds used may differ from those used in the EIA Directive. The control of
emissions to air, water and soil is complemented by provisions concerning energy
use, waste flows and accident prevention.
2.3.5 None of the activities to be conducted at the Energy Centre are listed within Annex I
of the Directive and therefore the EU IPPC Directive does not require the permitting of
the Energy Centre under the IPPC system. The directive has been incorporated
without modification into Cypriot Legislation and therefore there is no requirement to
seek an IPPC permit under the Cypriot legislative framework as it stands at this stage.
2.3.6 It is relevant to note that in the UK the ‘reformation of natural gas’ is listed as an
activity which does require an IPPC permit under UK law. The Energy Centre is the
first regasification facility to be constructed in Cyprus and the Ministry of Labour and
Social Insurance has indicated during PB’s scoping consultations that in instances
where Cypriot legislation does not cover a particular activity the department generally
consults similar cases from Ireland, UK or other European Countries to determine the
correct approach. Therefore whilst no statutory requirement exists in Cyprus at this
stage for the permitting of the facility under the IPPC process PB has applied the
precautionary principle in the conduct of the BoD EA and suggested mitigation
measures which conform with the relevant EU IPPC reference documents such as the
Best Available Techniques (BAT) on Emissions from Storage, 2005.
'Seveso II Directive 96/82/EC (Control of Major Accident Hazards)
2.3.7 This Directive seeks to reduce the risk of and control major accident hazards, and
limit their consequences. It was prompted by a succession of industrial accidents,
especially the dioxin release at Seveso in 1976. Any operator holding prescribed
quantities of prescribed substances is required to work closely with the Health and
Safety legislator in the country, in the preparation of detailed risk assessments, and
safety and emergency response reports.

SECTION 2
2.3.8 The Directive’s scope is solely focussed on the presence of dangerous substances in
establishments. It covers both industrial "activities" as well as the storage of
dangerous chemicals. It can be viewed as inherently providing for three levels of
proportionate controls in practice, where larger quantities mean more controls.
2.3.9 The Directive is discussed in greater detail in Chapter 16, HSE Risk Assessment.
2.4 National Policy - Administrative and Legislative Framework
2.4.1 Environmental policy in Cyprus is primarily co-ordinated through the Ministry of
Agriculture Natural Resources and Environment (MANRE) although the Ministry of
Interior (MoI) and the Minister of Labour and Social Security (MLSS) also have
responsibilities.
2.4.2 Within MANRE, the key unit responsible for environmental issues is the
Environmental Services (ES), which has specific responsibilities for Environmental
Impact Assessment, the laws relating water pollution and waste management,
environmental awareness and training as well as the international conventions.
2.4.3 The Department of Town Planning and Housing (DTPH) of the MoI is the planning
authority responsible for the Project due to its nature and size.
2.4.4 The Department of Labour Inspection (DLI) of the Ministry of Labour and Social
Insurance (MLSI) as the environmental inspectorate for industry specifically with
regard to atmospheric and water pollution control laws.
2.4.5 A full list of individual Ministerial roles and responsibilities outlining their relationship to
the administration and regulation of environmental policy and legislation are outlined
in Appendix B.
2.5 Requirements for Environmental Impact Assessment
2.5.1 Cyprus established its first procedures for Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs)
under Decision 35700 of the Council of Ministers in June 1991. The legislation
required preparation of a preliminary EIA for submission to the ES.
2.5.2 Under EU legislation and the full transposition of the EU EIA Directives (85/337/EEC),
the Law for the Environmental Impact Assessment for Certain Projects 57(1) 2001
was effected through an Order issued by MANRE in February 2002, prior to Cyprus
becoming a member of the EU on 1 May 2004. Its amendment 102(I)/2005 has been
approved by the House of Representatives recently.
2.5.3 The Law goes beyond the minimum requirements of the relevant EU Directive and
has incorporated the principles of access to information and public participation in
decision-making. The Law provides for the preparation of a comprehensive EIA and
includes a requirement for a detailed assessment of the project alternatives
considered, a comprehensive project description covering the construction and
operational phases of the development, a description of the baseline conditions and
an assessment of potential impacts likely to arise as a result of execution of the
project.
2.6 Application of the EIA Process
2.6.1 Outlined below is the sequence of events involved in the Cyprus EIA process:
• Fifteen copies of the EIA are submitted to the ES;

SECTION 2
• The Environment Committee is then invited to discuss the EIA for 2-4 weeks
after submission. At this time the committee may require questions to be
answered. In some cases where it is decided that additional information is
required, this is to be provided and once submitted the process recommences for
another 2-4 weeks;
• When there are no more questions the Environment Committee discuss their
position and the Environment Authority i.e. the ES will listen to and note their
position;
• The Environmental Authority submits its view to the Permitting Authority and will
produce a document containing any constraints and / or terms and conditions on
the project;
• If the submitting party disagrees with the view put forward to the Permitting
Authority, which can differ from that of the Environment Committee, the party can
submit the EIA to the Council of Ministers for decision.
• When the final EIA is provided to the ES the law says it will take approximately 1
to 2 months for the Environmental Committee to review it. The law further states
that the EIA must be in the public domain for a minimum of 30 days.
2.7 National Legislation
Overview
2.7.2 The national environmental legislation applicable to the project is given below:
• Law for the Environmental Impact Assessment for Certain Projects 57(I)/2001,
102(I) 2005 which covers particularly polluting industries and large scale
installations and projects. The criteria for assessment includes size or project,
proximity to other installations, use of natural resources, waste creation, pollution
and risk of accidents;
• Law for the Free Access to the Information Regarding the Environment,
119(I)/2004;
• Water Protection and Management Law, 13(I)/2004;
• Water and Soil Pollution Control Law, 106(I)/2002;
• Waste and Hazardous Waste Law, 196(I)/2004;
• The Law on the Protection and Management of Nature and Wildlife, 153(I)/2003;
• The Law on the Protection and Management of Wild Birds and Game,
152(I)/2003, 81(I)/2005;
• The Law on the Conservation of European Wildlife and Natural Habitats,
24(I)/1988 ;
• Atmospheric Pollution Control Law, 187(I)/2002;
• Ambient Air Quality Law, 188(I)/2002, 53(I)/2003, 54(I)/2004;
• Health and Safety (Asbestos) Law, 23(I)/1993;
• Health and Safety Law, 89(I)/1996;
• The Law on the Assessment and Management of Environmental Noise,
224(I)/2004;

SECTION 2
• The Law on the Basic Noise Requirements - specific product categories should
comply with, 30(I)/2002, 29(I)/2003, 258(I)/2004; and
• Antiquities Law Chapter 31 and subsequent amendments: 48 of 1964, 32 of
1973, 92(1) of 1995, 4(1) of 1996.
2.8 HSE and Risk Assessment
2.8.1 In Cyprus, the Department of Labour Inspection (part of the Ministry of Labour &
Social Insurance) is the key regulator for Cypriot health and safety legislation.
2.8.2 The most important requirements implemented into the law defined in EU directives
concerning occupational safety and health are in the Framework Directive
(89/391/EEC). More detailed provisions concerning particular aspects of occupational
safety and health are laid down in the “daughter” directives and include the following
Directives: 89/654 (workplaces), 89/655 as amended by 95/63 and 2001/45 (work
equipment), 89/656 (personal protective equipment), 90/269 (manual handling of
loads), 90/270 (display screen equipment), 90/394 (carcinogenic agents), 96/82/EC
(control of major-accident hazards, Seveso II), 98/24 (chemical agents), 2000/54
(biological agents), 2003/10 (noise), 98/37 (machinery), 87/404 (simple pressure
vessels), and 99/92 (explosive atmospheres).
2.8.3 The applicable legislation and implementation is fully discussed in Section 16 HSE
Risk Assessment.
2.9 Environmental Permits
2.9.1 Environmental permits issued by the Permitting Authority are required before
commencement of activities which will incur waste, discharges and emissions and are
granted on a media basis by the relevant Department namely Department of Labour
Inspection (Air and Water) within the Ministry of Labour and Social Security,
Environment Service (Hazardous Solid Waste, Effluent and Noise) within MANRE and
Waste Department for Non-hazardous Solid Waste within the Ministry of the Interior.
The key permits are outlined below and their timeframes are shown in Table 2.1:
• N.57(I)/2001: Environmental Permit
• N.90/72: Planning Permit obtained by the Planning Authority often subject to
environmental conditions.
• N.187(I)/2002 AND n.56(I)/2003 – Air Emission Permit
• N.106(I)/2002 – Disposal Permit (Waste Water)
• N.215(I)/2002 Art II: Non-Hazardous Waste Management Licence
• N.215(I)/2002 Art 19: Hazardous Waste Management Licence
2.9.2 The detailed requirement of each of these permits is discussed in more detail below
and the timelines for applying for each of the permits is summaries in Table 2.1
below. It should be noted that there are no statutory time limits for the consideration of
a permit application under Cypriot law and as such all timelines are based upon
typical time taken for the approval of permit applications.
2.9.3 The application forms for each of the permits is provided in Appendix D.

SECTION 2
N.57(I)/2001: Environmental Permit
2.9.4 The permit will be based on the submitted Environmental Statement, presented to the
Environmental Committee which will consult the competent authority (Environmental
Service) to define the environmental terms for the construction activities and the
operation of the project. These environmental terms will be applied together with the
town planning terms posed by the Town Planning Dept.
Town Planning Permit. – N.90/72
2.9.5 As discussed above, the Town Planning Permit is granted, where relevant as a part of
the application for an environmental permit.
Air emission permit – N.187(I)/2002 and N.56(I)/2003
2.9.6 Facility operators must apply to the Department of Labour Inspection (Ministry of
Labour and Social Insurance) for an air emission permit prior the operation of any
facility. The applications form for the permit requires details of all predicted air
discharges from the facility. The Department of Labour Inspection will issue a permit
with conditions based upon the information provided on the application form. The
Department indicated that they generally accept an Environmental Statements as a
acceptable supporting document for an application for an Air Emissions Permit
provided that it provides the necessary details of air emissions.
Disposal permit (waste water) – N.106(I)/2002.
2.9.7 Facility operators must apply to the Environmental Service (MANRE) for a wastewater
permit prior the operation facility. Based on the data included in the Application Form
the Environmental Service will issue a permit with conditions, which relate to the
wastewater discharges, which will apply during the operation of the project.
A non-hazardous solid waste management licence - N.215(I)/2002 Art. 11.
2.9.8 Facility operators must apply to the Waste Department (Ministry of Interior) for a non-
hazardous solid waste permit prior the construction and operation of the project.
Based on the data included in the Application Form. The competent authority will
issue the terms (related to the non-hazardous solid waste management and disposal),
which will apply during the operation of the project.
A hazardous solid waste management licence - N.215(I)/2002 Art. 19
2.9.9 Facility operators must apply to the Environmental Service (MANRE) for non-
hazardous solid waste permit prior the construction and operation of the project who
will issue the terms (related to the non-hazardous solid waste management and
disposal) which will apply during the project based on information supplied in the
application form.
Seveso II – Regulation 507/2001
2.9.10 In Cyprus the Department of Labour Inspection is responsible for the implementation
of the Directive. As the Energy Centre falls into the upper tier category the facility
operator will be required to comply with all the requirements contained within the
Directive.

SECTION 2
2.9.11 The facility operator must produce a Major Accident Prevention Policy, a Safety
Report, a Safety Management System and an Emergency Plan, which covers both
the construction and operational phases of the project.
2.9.12 The implementation of the Seveso II Regulation is discussed in detail in Section 16
HSE.
Work Site Licence
2.9.13 A Work Site Licence is required as part of the mobile construction site safety directive.
This will be required prior to construction work at the Energy Centre site and will need
to be issued by the Department of Labour Inspection.

SECTION 2
Table 2.1 Permits and Typical Timelines from Submission to Approval
Permit Number Relevant Authority Required Typical Time from
Submission-Approval*
Remarks
30 days The Environmental Service must advertise the
project by posting notices in local newspapers for 30
days after receiving the ES.
Environmental Permit:
• Public Consultation
• Environmental Committee N.57(I)/2001 Environmental Service Prior to
construction
4-8 Months The application should be submitted by the project
sponsor on the behalf of the BOT contractor on the
completion of FEED.
Town Planning Permit N.90/72: Department of Town
Planning
Prior to
construction
0-12 Months+ The application should be submitted by the project
completion of FEED.
Air Emission Permit N.187(I)/2002
N.56(I)/2003
Department of Labour
Inspection
Prior to
Commissioning
2 Months+ The application should be submitted by the BOT
contractor prior to commissioning.
Waste Water N.106(I)/2002 Department of Labour
Inspection
Prior to
Commissioning
2 Months+ The application should be submitted by the BOT
contractor prior to commissioning.
Hazardous Solid Waste N.215(I)/2002
Art. 11
Environmental Service Prior to
Construction &
Operation
2 Months The application should be submitted by the BOT
contractor upon mobilisation.
Non-Hazardous Solid Waste N.215(I)/2002
Art. 19
Ministry of Interior Waste
Department
Prior to
Construction &
Operation
2 Months The application should be submitted by the BOT
Seveso II Department of Labour
Inspection
Prior to
Construction &
Operation
3-4 Months+ The safety report should be submitted by the project
completion of FEED.
It has been agreed to submit the report in 2 phases
one at the end of BoD and one at the end of FEED.
Work Site Licence Department of Labour
Inspection
Prior to
construction
28 days The application should be submitted by the BOT
* As the project is new to Cyprus and Cypriot legislation it is anticipated that these timeframes are conservative

SECTION 3
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 This section provides further engineering details on the construction and operation of
the proposed facility. It has been written to give the reader a good understanding of
the overall project and engineering design, which are important when undertaking an
EA.
3.1.2 In this section the following aspects have been addressed:
• Project Need;
• Analysis of Alternatives;
• Proposed Construction methodology;
• Proposed Facilities Operation;
• Facilities Commissioning;
• Non-normal operations of the facility; and
• Facility decommissioning.
3.1.3 The details of the engineering design of the facility outlined in this chapter have been
derived from Basis of Design engineering studies conducted by:
• MW Kellogg;
• HR Wallingford;
• Royal Haskoning;
• Gas Strategies; and
• Aeoliki.
3.2 Project Need
3.2.1 The proposed Energy Centre has been designed to provide a national energy import
node for Cyprus, with the specific purposes of:
• Building strategic storage reserves for petroleum fuels to meet the requirements
of the EU directives related to Cyprus’ accession to the EU in 2004;
• Providing a single centre for the import of petroleum products for the Republic of
Cyprus;
• Improving the competitiveness and efficiency of the Cypriot Oil Industry through
modernisation, whilst ensuring economies of scale; and
• Allowing the relocation of the existing facility away from the built up areas of
Larnaca.
3.2.2 Each of the above objectives are discussed in more detail below.
3.2.3 Under current EU legislation (EU Directives 98/93/EC and 68/414/EEC) each Member
State is required to maintain fuel reserves equal to at least 90 days consumption at all
times, based on the average consumption of the preceding year. Under the
accession agreements, Cyprus has committed to maintaining 60 days fuel reserves
until 1st January 2008, and 90 days reserves thereafter. This project is intended to
ensure that GoC can meet this commitment.

SECTION 3
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.2.4 The existing energy import infrastructure in the Republic of Cyprus is located in the
densely populated northern suburbs of Larnaca City around the site of the former
Cyprus Petroleum Refinery Larnaca (CPRL) and on the coast of Larnaca Bay.
3.2.5 The Larnaca site includes import and distribution facilities owned and operated by a
range of bodies including:
• ExxonMobil Cyprus;
• Hellenic Petroleum;
• BP E Mediterranean;
• Petrolina;
• CPSCL;
• Synergas; and
• Intergas.
3.2.6 The fast-growing Larnaca city is increasingly encroaching upon the existing terminal
facilities (see Plate 3.1) and this has imposed significant limitations on the ability of
these operators to expand their storage capacity whilst retaining health and safety
buffer areas, with knock-on implications for the provision of the strategic reserves
required by the EU Directives.
Plate 3.1 Residential Encroachment upon the Current Larnaca Petroleum
Products Import Facilities.
3.2.7 The Cypriot Government Decision No. 43.893 of 28 February 1996, and the
subsequent agreement between the Government of Cyprus and the Larnaca
Municipality, limit expansion at the existing site, as agreed by all parties, to relocate
the existing fuel terminal facilities from the Larnaca area. Such a relocation will
provide an opportunity for redevelopment of the brownfield site in Larnaca, allowing
future opportunities for tourist development and urban regeneration projects. At
present the Larnaca depots are proposed for decommissioning by 2010.

SECTION 3
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.2.8 One of the key benefits of the project is that it will bring a new energy source to the
island – natural gas. Natural gas is intended to be imported by the facility to be used
as a fuel in modern Closed Circuit Gas Turbine (CCGT) fired power generation plant
planned to be constructed in Cyprus – the first of which will be at the EAC Vasilikos
Power Plant adjacent to the site. CCGT power generation plant is widely recognised
as the most efficient available technology for the generation of power from fossil fuels
and the technology is also more ‘clean’ from an environmental emissions point of
view. The provision of gas to the island will be a key factor in dramatically increasing
the efficiently of the power generation infrastructure on the island over the
conventional oil fired open cycle generation plant with substantial greenhouse gas
emissions reductions and improvement in ambient air quality across the island.
3.3 Project Alternatives
Alternative Locations
3.3.2 A number of site alternatives have been considered as part of the project
development, including the following:
Expansion of the existing facilities in Larnaca
3.3.3 As outlined above the expansion of the existing facilities in Larnaca is not considered
practical given the environmental and safety issues arising from the encroaching
urban areas near the site, as well as the long-term urban and tourist re-development
plans.
Establishment of an Offshore Floating Storage and Re-gasification Unit (FSRU);
3.3.4 The development of an FSRU would allow one of the objectives of the Energy Centre
project to be fulfilled, namely the import of Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) to the island for
the power generation industry. The major limitation of such a facility is that it would
only be able to process one fuel type, and a requirement would remain for the
construction of an on shore terminal to receive the balance of the energy products
currently handled by the Larnaca facilities. As such the floating option does not
actually remove the need for an onshore facility and solve problem of location.
Therefore given the marginal additional land take and clear synergies from
establishing a single integrated facility this option is not considered further in this EA.
Development of an integrated Energy Centre elsewhere
3.3.5 When choosing a site its location is paramount. The proposed Vasilikos site offers
clear benefits due to its central location in an existing heavy industrial zone. In its
proposed location it is directly adjacent to the Vasilikos Power Station, the biggest
user of LNG in Cyprus.
Development of a series of smaller regional depots
3.3.6 An important objective of the Energy Centre project is to bring economies of scale to
the Cypriot energy market given the small size of the island and its, comparatively,
small energy market. This objective cannot be serviced by establishing a fractured
and dispersed industrial base and as such this option is not considered feasible.
Development of an integrated Energy Centre at Vasilikos.
3.3.7 Considering the above, the Cypriot Government has determined that the best
alternative to meet the project needs is the single consolidated site at Vasilikos in
Southern Cyprus as shown in Figure 3.1.

SECTION 3
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
The Proposed Site
3.3.8 The proposed site is on the southern coast of the island, some 25 km to the east of
Limassol, 30 km to the south-west of Larnaca and 40 km south of the nation’s capital
Nicosia. The location lends itself to easy access to the island’s existing highway
system which links these population centres for the distribution of the products
imported through the terminal.
3.3.9 The site is located within an enclosed valley and this topography provides a natural
barrier between the site and surrounding inhabited areas (see Figures 3.2 and 3.3).
The whole area is sparsely populated and already used for industrial purposes, as
described further below.
3.3.10 The southern half of the proposed site is currently occupied by a former fertiliser
manufacturing operation previously owned by Hellenic Chemical Industries plant
(HCI) who operated intermittently at the site from 1982 to 1995. Contracts for the
demolition and remediation of the former fertiliser plant are currently being let by the
GoC to prepare the site for this project, as discussed further in Section 4.
3.3.11 The southern half of the site is located within an area zoned for industrial uses and
the largest power generation asset in the Republic of Cyprus, the Vasilikos Power
Plant, abuts the proposed western boundary of the Energy Centre site. It is expected
that the Vasilikos Power Plant will be the largest consumer of imported LNG in the
terminals first years of operation. To the east of the site is located the Vasilikos
Cement Plant. A further power generation and cement plant are located within 10 km
of the proposed Energy Centre site.
3.3.12 Vasilikos Bay is used extensively for industrial purposes, with products from the
Vasilikos Cement Plant imported through Vasilikos port, which also has additional roll
on and roll of facilities. The construction contractor Archirodon currently uses a
second port. A Cypriot Navel Base is located to the west of the power station. These
facilities are shown in more detail in Figure 3.2 and 3.3.
3.3.13 Zygi located approximately 3 km to the east is the most populated area in the
immediate vicinity, with a number of small beaches with restaurants located further to
the west. The nearest residential developments are found in Mari Village, 200 m
northeast of the closest site boundary.
3.3.14 It is expected that at the peek of the construction phase there will be approximately
1000 workers on site at anyone time.
Alternate Layouts – Terrestrial
3.3.15 A number of alternate layouts have been developed by MWKL as part of the BoD
engineering design. These have primarily been driven by safety requirements relating
to distances between the various proposed facility structures to minimise risks
associated with potential incidents. This process has iterated towards the proposed
layout for the facility, presented in Figures 3.4 to 3.6.
Alternate Layouts – Marine
3.3.16 A wide range of alternate options have been considered for the layout of the Marine
facilities1
, key variants in the concepts of the marine layout were:
• Breakwater requirements;
• Trestle length / berth orientation and location;

SECTION 3
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
• Reuse of existing infrastructure;
• Dredging requirements; and
• Location of the trestle.
3.3.17 Each of which has been evaluated and compared on the basis of:
• Capital Expenditure
• Operational Expenditure;
• Marine operability;
• Environmental Issues;
• Expandability / Flexibility;
• Safety/Security issues; and
• Constructability issues.
3.3.18 Of these, two preferred options have been carried forward for further consideration as
shown in Figure 3.5, namely:
• Option 7 – This involves the construction of trestle of approximately 1,900 m
length, with no dredging required and is considered the base case for the BoD
phase;
• Option 7a – This option involves the construction of trestle of approximately
1,500 m in length, but will involve the dredging of specific areas as shown in
Figure 3.5. As part of the FEED phase it is intended that further investigations
will be undertaken to assess the sensitivities of the area and investigate the
acceptability of the proposed dredging activities associated with this option.
3.3.19 It is currently expected that neither option will require a breakwater to protect the jetty
structure. This will be confirmed during FEED. The additional environmental impacts
of a potential breakwater will be addressed in the FEED EIA.
3.3.20 The layout of the jetty head is common to both options and can be found in Figure
3.7.
Alternate Technologies
3.3.21 The engineering design for the Vasilikos Energy Centre represents the use of Best
Available Techniques (BAT). The following key reference documents have been used
in its engineering development:
• The EU IPPC Reference Document on Best Available Techniques on Emissions
from Storage;
• For LNG: NFPA59A and EN1473;
• For LPG: NFPA58.and LPG Code IP9 where relevant;
• For White products: NFPA30; and
• For Bitumen: IP11 and API 2023.
3.3.22 Key elements of the engineering design as they relate to environmental emissions
include:
• The use of internal floating roof tanks with double seals to minimise the
emissions of volatile products;

SECTION 3
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
• The use of open rack vaporises for the re-gasification of LNG. As these do not
require any combustion emissions to supply the necessary heat needed to re-
vaporise the liquid gas;
• Integrating of the LNG re-gasification facility with the adjacent power plant, to
enable artificially heated sea water, from the power station, to be cooled by the
open rack vaporisers in the Energy Centre, before it is discharged back to the
sea. This is discussed in more detail later in this section;
• The sizing of the boil off gas compressors to allow for a maximum load during
ship unloading; and
• The inclusion in the design of a Vapour Recovery Unit (VRU) for the capture and
treatment of vapour emissions associated with tanker loading of volatile
products. The VRU will dramatically reduce emissions of Volatile Organic
Compounds to the atmosphere and as such has greenhouse gas benefits.
3.4 Project Development
3.4.1 The MWKL lead project team has been appointed by the project sponsor the Ministry
of Commerce Industry and Tourism, to undertake Basis of Design (BoD) and Front
End Engineering Design (FEED) studies.
3.4.2 This Basis of Design work has been undertaken on the expectation that further
detailed design, construction, commission and operation of the proposed Energy
Centre will be undertaken by a contractor under a Build Operate Transfer (BOT) /
Build Own Operate (BOO) or similar type of contract. The schedule for the project is
outlined in the project schedule, Figure 3.8.
3.4.3 The construction methodology and operational practices describe below are based
upon the experience of the project team and industry best practice. The project
execution methodologies implemented by the BOT / BOO contractor throughout the
construction, operational and decommissioning phases of this project must be in
accordance with project the requirements outlined within this document and
subsequent revisions.
3.5 Facility Construction and Construction Methodology
Overview
3.5.2 It is envisaged that the Energy Centre facilities construction will involve the following
main activities:
• Site demolition and remediation activities; as discussed in Section 4;
• Site preparation activities, involving; cut and fill works, construction of an access
road and installation of security fencing and lighting;
• Construction of temporary facilities, including site office buildings, laydown areas,
drinking water stations, water supply pipeline and filtration systems, guard-
houses, security office, training and safety orientation buildings and related
utilities.
• General services, to include generators to provide power for temporary site
construction facilities, septic tank facilities for sewage system.
• Transportation of pre-made structures and construction consumables from
places including; concrete batching sites and vessel fabrication sites.
• Construction of the principal elements of the Energy Centre including but not
limited to holding tanks, pipe infrastructure unloading jetty and berths.

SECTION 3
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
• Development of Ancillary Facilities including; development of a bunded fuel and
separate water storage tank.
Schedule
3.5.3 Detailed project scheduling is ongoing, but the principal project phases are expected
to be undertaken as follows:
• Site preparation – July 2007 to March 2008
• Construction of LNG tanks – January 2008 to November 2009
• Construction of oil products tanks – March 2008 to November 2009
• Construction of site infrastructure (pipe racks, piping, foundations etc) – March
2008 to March 2010
• Construction of jetty and unloading berths – March 2008 to June 2009
• Asset commissioning and hand-over – December 2009 to December 2010
3.5.4 Further detail can be seen in the indicative project schedule chart, Figure 3.8.
Site Preparation
Cut and fill of the existing site
3.5.5 Whilst the HCI site decommissioning activities will leave a site that is suitable for
commercial activities, further works including removal of structures foundations and
site levelling activities, where necessary, will be required prior to construction
commencing. A series of terraces will be created in the northern part of the site
through carefully engineered techniques. The cut material produced will then be used
to backfill the southern area of location. At this stage it is not considered that
significant quantities of fill material will be required from any external sources.
Following the fill works, the material will be compacted to meet the engineering
requirements for the development.
Installation of security fencing and lighting
3.5.6 Temporary perimeter fencing, close circuit television cameras and required lighting
will be installed during the initial site activities to provide a secure and safe operating
zone for construction works. This fencing and lighting will eventually be replaced as
part of the operational phase.
Construction of site buildings
3.5.7 A number of buildings will be constructed on site, as outlined on the previous page.
The site is already serviced by mains water and as such the project will seek to use
this existing infrastructure for the supply of water. The water supply will provide for
onsite personal, equipment, and onsite dust suppression operations. Power will be
supplied through temporary generators.
Concrete Batching Plant
3.5.8 The construction of the Energy Centre will require an ongoing source of concrete as
typical activities will include; piling for tanks, creation of hard-standing areas and
foundations for temporary and permanent buildings. The abutting Vasilikos Cement
Plant has a batching facility, as such any cement required will be obtained from here.

SECTION 3
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Plant Construction
3.5.9 Temporary general facilities already mentioned in this section will be provided for site
staff whilst the main facilities are being constructed. It is envisage that the sewerage
system will be a basic septic tank arrangement, which will be pumped on an as
required basis. Waste will be transported to the local treatment plant, which is
detailed in Section 12.
3.5.10 Plant equipment will be tested, throughout installation and upon system completion,
by hydraulic and pneumatic to ensure integrity of the system. Typically, hydrotest
water for these tests can be obtained from the storm water infrastructure. The
operation of this system is described further below in the operational section of this
project description.
Ancillary Facilities
3.5.11 A number of ancillary facilities will be required to allow safe plant operation. These
are described in more detail later in this section and will include the following:
• Flare;
• Fuel system;
• Back-up power generation;
• Hot oil system;
• Compressed air supply; and
• Nitrogen generation.
Transportation Requirements
3.5.12 It is anticipated that labour will be sourced from the local area and transported to site
via crew buses during the construction period. This movement of staff is likely to be
accomplished using 50 seater buses, or equivalent, provided by the construction
contractors. There will also be a significant number of deliveries to the site
throughout the construction phase of the facility, although this is discussed further in
the traffic impact assessment section (see Section 11), it is expected that the
contractor will make maximum use of the existing Archirodon and Vasilikos docks for
importing large quantities of material or oversized pre-made structures to the site by
barge.
3.6 Facility Operation
Overview
3.6.2 The proposed Energy Centre will consist of a number of operational facilities including
the following:
• A jetty for the loading and unloading of a range of fuels from ships;
• Facilities for receiving, storage, re-gasification and export by pipeline of LNG;
• Facilities for receiving, storage, and bottling and filling tanker truck for the export
of LPG;
• Facilities for receiving, storage, and export by truck a range of liquid hydrocarbon
products from gasoline to bitumen; and

SECTION 3
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
• Facilities for batching marine bunker fuels from fuels stored at the facility for
export to bunkering barges berthed at the marine loading unloading jetty.
3.6.3 A summary of the ‘Product Slate’ for the Terminal is:
• Liquid Natural Gas (LNG);
• Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG);
• Gasoline;
• Jet fuel, kerosene & diesel;
• Light Fuel Oil (LFO) and Heavy Fuel Oil (HFO); and
• Bitumen.
3.6.4 The facility will be staffed by approximately 100 personnel and will be permitted for
24-hour operation, seven days per week, 365 days per year, exclusive of planned
shutdowns.
3.6.5 The facility will receive bulk shipments of finished and generally refined products
(feedstocks) that will be transferred to bulk storage prior to re-distribution into Cyprus
via road, ship or pipeline. No significant processing of the products will occur on site,
although certain performance enhancing additives and colouring agents may be
added and a number of finished products will be made through blending of the
appropriate feedstocks.
3.6.6 Not all oil products consumed in Cyprus are proposed to be handled by the Energy
Centre. Certain small volume products e.g. AVGAS or specialties e.g. Lubes and
Base Oils, will continue to be imported by dry freight in iso-containers or drums.
Expansion Plans
3.6.7 The Energy Centre will be designed for a minimum lifespan of 25 years, with the
commissioning expected to commence in early 2009. Design of the Energy Centre
has been based on meeting both the initial product demands for the first year of
operation (2010) as well as the future demands projected for the year 2035.
3.6.8 For the purposes of this EA, it is necessary to consider both the 2010 and 2035
facilities.
Product Throughput
3.6.9 Table 3.1 shown the projected annual throughput of the Energy Centre broken down
for each product category in the years 2010 and 2035. The table is based upon
current usage rates within Cyprus and expected growth within the energy market.

SECTION 3
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Table 3.1 Oil Product Demand Projections2
Year 2010
(tonnes)
2035
(tonnes)
Inland Use
LNG
3
595,680 2,382,730
LPG 58,078 70,739
Gasoline RON 98 45,708 80,896
Gasoline RON 95 319,959 566,273
Diesel Low Sulphur 370,768 547,078
Diesel High Sulphur 158,797 203,647
Jetfuel A1 347,566 640,417
Heating Kerosene 14,681 11,316
Light Fuel Oil (Inland) 62,442 94,004
Heavy Fuel Oil (Inland) 12,500 12,500
Bitumen 77,015 98,522
TOTAL Inland Excl. EAC 1,495,996 2,361,917
HFO Direct to EAC 345,886 17140
TOTAL INLAND 1,841,882 2,379,057
Marine Fuels
Marine Gas oil 110,000 110,000
LFO (Bunkering to Ships) 10,000 10,000
HFO Marine 200,000 200,000
Total to Ships 320,000 320,000
3.6.10 The annual throughput is not expected to be constant through the year and is affected
by different seasonal factors such as greater heating loads in winter and increased
tourist activity in the summer. In addition, the majority of the islands road works (the
main consumer of bitumen), is scheduled between September and December out of
the tourist season. Table 3.2 reflects the seasonality of the product demand on the
island.
Table 3.2 Peak monthly demand expressed as a percentage of the annual
demand 3
Product Monthly Peak Demand When Peak Occurs
LNG Unknown Summer
LPG 12.7% Winter
Gasoline 9.7% Summer
Kerosene & Jet Fuel 10.8 % Summer
Diesel 11.2 % Summer
LFO / HFO 11.0 % Winter
BITUMEN 62.5 % of annual demand occurs in 4 months Sept. to Dec.
The Marine Facilities
Overview
3.6.11 As discussed in above two preferred marine facility options have been carried forward
for detailed consideration in the FEED Stage, namely:

SECTION 3
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
• Construction of trestle of approximately 1,900 m length, with no dredging; and
• Construction of trestle of approximately 1,500 m in length, but dredging of
specific areas as shown in Figure 3.5.
3.6.12 Regardless of which option is carried forward, the detailed design of the berth will
remain unchanged, as detailed below.
Unloading Berths
3.6.13 The Energy Centre is expected to receive bulk shipments of products via three
dedicated berths situated along a 1,000m jetty:
• Berth No. 1 for LNG Ships;
• Berth No. 2 for white products such as Gasoline, Jet fuel, Kerosene & diesel
which are expected to be delivered in larger ships; and
• Berth No. 3 for LPG and black products such as Fuel oils and Bitumen, which are
generally handled in smaller ships.
3.6.14 The layout of the berths is shown in Figure 3.7.
3.6.15 The jetty heads themselves will consist of a series of dolphins for mooring ships at the
jetty and fenders to protect the jetty head structure and the jetty head itself which will
house all the pipework and process vessels required for the unloading of products.
3.6.16 The jetty head will be fitted with unloading arms to connect the ships pipework to the
jetty pipework. The loading arms typically consist of articulated pipe structures that
can be manoeuvred to allow the connection of the ships loading / unloading pipework
to the shore jetty’s pipelines structure. Loading arms are standard industry practice
for the loading and unloading of high volume liquid products and have a failure rate
which is significantly lower compared with using flexible hoses. However loading
arms cannot be used when delivering bitumen due to the high temperatures required
to transport the material. It is proposed that in these cases flexible hosing is used.
3.6.17 The liquid product vapour return lines will be fitted for LNG and LPG products. The
operation of these facilities is described further below.
3.6.18 The unloading facility has been designed to accommodate ships of various sizes as
listed in Table 3.3.

SECTION 3
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Table 3.3 Berthing and Ship Sizes 3, 4
BERTH SHIPPING SIZES MAX PARCEL SIZES UNLOADING
RATE
NUMBER OF
UNLOADING
ARMS
PRODUCT
No. Min Max Units 2010 2035 Units m
3
/h ARMS
LNG 1 65,000 155,000 m
3
135,000 155,000 m
3 8,000 3 Liquid + 1
Vapour
LPG 3 1,000 5,000 MT 4,000 8,000 m
3 800 2 Liquid + 1
Vapour
Gasoline:
95RON
2 MT 14,000 20,000 MT
98RON 2
5,000 55,000
4,000 7,000 MT
2,000 1
Jet Fuel 2 MT 12,000 20,000 MT
Heating
Kerosene
2
5,000 55,000
1,500 1,500 MT
2,000 1
Low Sulphur
Diesel
2 MT 11,000 20,000 MT
High Sulphur
Diesel
2
5,000 55,000
8,000 10,000 MT
2,000 1
LFO 3 MT 3,000 5,000 MT
HFO 3
2,000 8,000
3,000 5,000 MT
400 2 x 100%
Bitumen 3 2,000 5,000 MT 4,000 5,000 MT 400 2 (Hoses)
3.6.19 Regardless of the product or berth being used, ship unloading rates are based around
24 hour berthing windows with the actual unloading time (pumping material ashore)
being set to be less than 14 hours to unload the full cargo parcel. Typical ship total
port times are as follows in Table 3.4.
Table 3.4 Ship Total Port Times4
Pilot on board & Tug Boats attached 1 to 2 hours
Turning Basin 0.5 hours
Berthing 1 hour
Preparation for Unloading & QA Checks 3 to 4 hours
Unloading Time ≤ 12 to 14 hours
Preparation for Departure 1.5 hours
Unmooring 0.5 hours
Turning Basin 0.5 hours
Pilot disembarks & Tug Boats depart 1 hour
Total port time ≤ 24 hours
3.6.20 Unloading operations will be undertaken using the individual ship pumping systems to
supply the required discharge pressure to pump the liquid products to the onshore
tanks. Therefore, no pumping is necessary from the Energy Centre during unloading.
It is standard industry practice that the unloading operations will be supervised by
energy centre staff connected by radio with key staff located within the facility control

SECTION 3
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
room of the discharging ship. This is supplemented with regular patrols along the
pipeline route.
3.6.21 The berth structures will be provided with spill containment around the process areas
for example the valves, instrumentation and unloading arms. These kerbed areas will
drain to a remote impoundment sump located in one of the dolphins. The sump will
provide a level of protection from spills within the process areas, allowing the remove
of large spills under catastrophic events from the berth area. The sump will require
periodic pumping using a mobile educator truck to remove rainwater and minor spills.
3.6.22 In general, shipping is scheduled between a weekly and fortnightly frequency for the
large volume throughput products. However this frequency will be closer to once per
month for the lower throughput special grades, such as 98 RON and Heating
Kerosene.
3.6.23 Initially, Oil Companies will need to continue using smaller vessels and gradually
increase the size of cargo parcels as demand grows. The design of the jetty will take
into account the smallest ship intended in the initial years of operation and the largest
potential size ship.
3.6.24 It is also expected that the Energy Centre will provide facilities for the export of marine
bunkering fuel from berth 3, discussed in more detail below.
LNG Storage and Re-gasification Facilities
Overview
3.6.25 LNG has established itself as an international energy commodity since the 1970s and
is generally used to transport gas produced in remote locations to areas where there
is a high-energy demand. LNG is formed by cooling natural gas to temperatures
lower than -162 ˚C. Once liquefied, the LNG takes up about one six hundredth of the
space it occupied in its gaseous form, making it easier to store and transport over
long distances. It is more efficient to liquefy gas and transport it in liquid stage using
ships compared with constructing long distance pipelines for the transport of the
material in gaseous form.
3.6.26 The LNG facilities within the Energy Centre are therefore designed to:
• Receive LNG shipments from ships berthed at Berth 1;
• Store the LNG in tanks at slightly above atmospheric pressure under cryogenic
conditions; and
• Heat the LNG so that it evaporates and pressurise it for supply to the adjacent
power plant for the generation of electricity.
3.6.27 The short to medium term supply of natural gas from the Energy Centre will be to
exclusively supply fuel for electrical power generation via nearby combined cycle gas
turbine (CCGT) type facilities. In the longer term a transmission system conveying
natural gas to locations elsewhere in Cyprus is a future possibility, but is beyond the
scope of this EA. As discussed above the provision of natural gas as a fuel source to
the island will allow a dramatic improvement in the environmental emission, and
efficiency of the Cypriot power generation industry with the associated reduction in
greenhouse gas emissions.
3.6.28 The terminal has been designed for an initial nominal gas send out rate of 104 tonnes
per hour via a medium pressure (35 bara) supply line feeding up to four combined
cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power generating units located on the adjacent power
station site.

SECTION 3
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
3.6.29 As natural gas demands grow over time, in line with growth in electricity demand, the
terminal design facilitates expansion in three ways as follows:
i By expansion of the medium pressure supply for additional CCGT power
stations being built in the Vasilikos area, but not at the adjacent power
station;
ii By addition of a parallel high pressure (circa 70 bara) send out system,
including a Recondenser; and
iii By addition of a second LNG Storage Tank.
3.6.30 These expansion plans are beyond the scope of this study and will be subject to
further planning authorisation as the facility expands and grows.
LNG Unloading Operations
3.6.31 The LNG berth (and the LPG berth discussed below) operates slightly differently to
that of the other oil products described in this section, in that a separate loading arm
is provided in addition to the arms used for pumping LNG from the ships tanks this
additional loading arm is used as a ‘vapour return line’ which returns the vapour
produced at the shore tank to the ship.
3.6.32 The vapour return system operates by connecting the tanks vapours space via a
common header pipe – the boil off gas header which is discussed further below.
When unloading from ships the boil off gas header is connected to the vapour space
of the ships tank via the vapour return-loading arm. This system allows vapour
expelled from the shore tank as liquid to be pumped into the tank and flow under the
pressure of the ships pump down. The vapour return line takes up the volume of the
liquid, which is being pumped from the ships tanks.
3.6.33 When unloading operations are completed the LNG unloading lines are kept charged
with liquid product. This material is slowly circulated through the unloading lines back
to the LNG tank to keep the lines constantly cold.
LNG Storage
3.6.34 Project proposes to store the LNG under cryogenic conditions on site at slightly above
atmospheric pressure by a system of pressure relief valves set at 250 mbarg bar in
double skinned 172,000 m3
LNG Tanks. The inner tank is constructed of a nickel
steel alloy and is designed to hold the LNG. The outer tank constructed of reinforced
pre-stressed concrete is designed to hold the liquid contents of the tank in the event
of a leak. The 1 m space between the tanks is filled with an insulating material
designed to minimise heat ingress into the tank.
3.6.35 The tanks will be the largest structures on the site at 80 m in diameter and 45 metres
tall with a domed roofs and a number of valves and fittings on the tank roof. LNG
export pumps will be located within wells inside the LNG tank. The tank’s concrete
floor is likely to be provided with a heating element in order to prevent water in the
ground beneath the tank from freezing and disturbing the tank foundations. Figure
3.9 below shows how a typical tank layout.

SECTION 3
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
Figure 3.9 Typical Double Skinned Cryogenic Tank5
3.6.36 The tanks themselves will not need any external refrigeration sources as they are
cooled automatically using latent heat (the absorption of heat energy by the
evaporating gas) derived from the LNG boil off gas.
3.6.37 The heat flux into the tanks will be kept to a minimum by insulting both the tanks
themselves and the unloading lines through which the LNG is constantly circulated.
Depending upon tanks design and ambient temperature, boil off rate equates to
roughly 0.05% wt of tank volume per day.
3.6.38 In normal operations the gas is added to the send out gas stream discussed below.
Under emergency conditions when the facility is not sending out gas boil off gas it can
be contained within the tank for a number of days by gradually letting the pressure
within the tank build up to the maximum operating pressure for the tank of 250 mBarg.
When this pressure is exceeded the boil off gas can be safely disposed of in the flare
discussed below. The storage tanks will have top connections only. Internal piping
will permit both top and bottom loading.
3.6.39 It is anticipated that by 2035 the LNG tanks will have grown from 1 (2010) to 2 to
meet the energy demand of the country.
Re-gasification
3.6.40 The warm climate and proximity to the sea means that LNG vaporisation will be
undertaken using two open rack vaporisers (ORVs) operating in parallel.
3.6.41 The ORVs are essentially heat exchangers which provide a large surface area across
which the LNG can be warmed, in this case, by cooling water from the adjacent power
plant (which will provide the heating medium). Given the heat input from the water the
LNG flashes off into the vapour phase where it is discharged through the send out
gas.
3.6.42 The ORVs have been designed to for a throughput of approximately 2,381 m³/hr of
water. It is planned that this water will be extracted from the existing of the Vasilikos
Power Stations cooling water intake. The water will be returned to the power plant
cooling water inlet cooled by 6°C. Given that the Energy Centre will only be using 1.8
% of the total expected Vasilikos Power Station cooling water throughput this would
result in a total decrease in the temperature of the discharged cooling water of 0.1 °C,
with all six planned Vasilikos power plant units in service.

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