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Components of
Scientific
Investigation
Enhanced Science 7
Lesson by:
Mrs. Katryn G. Tan
What are the learning objectives for this
week?
The learners demonstrate
understanding of scientific
ways of acquiring
knowledge and solving
problems
What you should learn What you should be able
to do
The learners should be able
to perform in groups in
guided investigations
involving community- based
problems using locally
available materials
LESSON 1
OBSERVATIONS AND
PROBLEMS
ACTIVITY 1
Students will be asked
to list 5 observations
that they can perceived
from their surroundings
The World Around
Me
A scientific investigation typically begins from making
observations. We make observations all the time.
Observations involves the five senses and the basic
sense organs – eyes, nose, ears, tongue, and hands. For
you to observe, you don’t just look – you look intently in
it. You don’t just touch it, you feel it. Observation
involves deeper looking, feeling, listening, smelling, and
tasting.
STEP 1: OBSERVATIONS
Observations can either be qualitative or
quantitative. When we say qualitative, we
describe it by its quality. Quantitative
observations, however is described by the exact
quantity. Quantitative observations or
measurements usually needs apparatus and
equipment.
STEP 1: OBSERVATIONS
ACTIVITY 2
Students will observe and
list down all their
observations from the
different pictures that will
be shown to them
Picture Analysis
PICTURE
NO.
1
PICTURE
NO.
1
PICTURE
NO.
1
PICTURE
NO.
2
PICTURE
NO.
2
PICTURE
NO.
2
PICTURE
NO.
3
PICTURE
NO.
3
PICTURE
NO.
3
ACTIVITY 3
From the observations given
by the students in the picture
analysis activity, students will
identify what are the
examples of qualitative &
quantitative observations
Qualitative &
Quantitative Data
Follow this format!
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Qualitative Data Quantitative Data
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
From observations that you have gathered, you
can formulate a problem. A question comes out
of observations as something that sparks your
interest, curiosity or inquisitiveness. Maybe, an
out-of-the-box observation will fuel your desire
to ask a question. All problems will start from
observations.
STEP 2: FORMULATE A PROBLEM
STEP 2: FORMULATE A PROBLEM
Let us try formulating questions from simple observations. You will be
shown a table of observations. Write questions regarding these
observations. The first one is done for you.
ACTIVITY 4
Students will be presented with
real life situations/observation.
Then assuming that they are in
the actual scenario, they
formulate a question defining
the problem to be solved.
What If?
OBSERVATIONS FORMULATE A QUESTION
Liquid inside the refrigerator freezes
differently
Plants tend to grow faster when exposed
outside the house
Breast fed babies have lower rates of
respiratory infection than babies fed by
formula milk
On average, men typically have more muscle
mass than women.
Cases of dengue increases during rainy
season.
Independent Variables
Dependent Variables
Constant Variables
In problem statements, we can see a “cause”
and an “effect.” We call that variables. In
experimentation, we have three types of
variables:
STEP 2: FORMULATE A PROBLEM
Independent Variables
These are the things that we manipulate or
change in a study. For example, in the problem
“How long must we cook the egg so that it will
not burn?” the independent variable is the time
it takes for us to cook an egg. This is the cause.
STEP 2: FORMULATE A PROBLEM
Dependent Variables
These are the effects or the response to the
change in the independent variable. In our
example given, the dependent variable will be
the appearance of the egg after frying for a
certain time. This is the effect.
STEP 2: FORMULATE A PROBLEM
Constant Variables
These are the things that we don’t change so
that we can focus on the cause and effect of
the independent to the dependent variable. For
example, in the situation, the constant variables
should be the pan and oil that we use, and the
temperature of flame.
STEP 2: FORMULATE A PROBLEM
As we formulate problems, we should keep
other variables constant so that we can focus
on the cause-effect relationship of the
independent and dependent variables.
Moreover, so that we can formulate a very
specific problem and so that we can test it.
STEP 2: FORMULATE A PROBLEM
A. What is the effect of amount of time of frying
on the appearance of the fried egg?
B. To what extent does the amount of time of
frying affect the appearance of the fried egg?
C. What length of time will have the best
appearance of the fried egg?
LET'S PRACTICE
D. An investigator wants to find out if longer
hours of watching television can cause eye
defects.
E. A researcher wants to know if the insulation of
a room affects the temperature of the room.
F. You want to test what paper is best to use for
a paper airplane to make it fly longer.
LET'S PRACTICE
What is the effect of (independent variable) on
(dependent variable)?
How/to what extent does the (independent
variable) affect (dependent variable)?
Which/what (independent variable) (verb)
(dependent variable)?
Now, here are some sentence frames that you can use
in your problem statements:
STEP 2: FORMULATE A PROBLEM
DAILY POP IN
DAILY POP IN
QUIZ
QUIZ
Let's Put Your Knowledge to The Test!
ENHANCED SCIENCE 7
QUESTION:
QUESTION:
As a student, you are
asked to conduct a
scientific investigation.
What should you do
after observing
something of interest?
A. Just walk away
B. Clap your hands
C. Formulate a
question
D. Write it on a
notebook
QUESTION:
QUESTION:
Which of the following
is an example of a
quantitative set of
data?
A. Height of students
B. Brand of pencil
C. Emotions
D. Gender
QUESTION:
QUESTION:
Which of the following
is an example of a
qualitative set of data?
A. Weight of students
B. Math scores
C. Blood types
D. Speed of cars
QUESTION:
QUESTION:
These kind of
observations are made
using instruments such
as rulers, balances and
thermometers.
A. Qualitative Data
B. Quantitative Data
C. Both
QUESTION:
QUESTION:
What words would be
most appropriate to
see if a student was
describing the
QUANTITATIVE
properties of an
organism?
A. Grey skin
B. 2 1/2 kg
C. Big Ears
D. Mammal

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ES7 - Components of Scientific Investigation.pdf

  • 2. What are the learning objectives for this week? The learners demonstrate understanding of scientific ways of acquiring knowledge and solving problems What you should learn What you should be able to do The learners should be able to perform in groups in guided investigations involving community- based problems using locally available materials
  • 4. ACTIVITY 1 Students will be asked to list 5 observations that they can perceived from their surroundings The World Around Me
  • 5. A scientific investigation typically begins from making observations. We make observations all the time. Observations involves the five senses and the basic sense organs – eyes, nose, ears, tongue, and hands. For you to observe, you don’t just look – you look intently in it. You don’t just touch it, you feel it. Observation involves deeper looking, feeling, listening, smelling, and tasting. STEP 1: OBSERVATIONS
  • 6. Observations can either be qualitative or quantitative. When we say qualitative, we describe it by its quality. Quantitative observations, however is described by the exact quantity. Quantitative observations or measurements usually needs apparatus and equipment. STEP 1: OBSERVATIONS
  • 7. ACTIVITY 2 Students will observe and list down all their observations from the different pictures that will be shown to them Picture Analysis
  • 11. ACTIVITY 3 From the observations given by the students in the picture analysis activity, students will identify what are the examples of qualitative & quantitative observations Qualitative & Quantitative Data
  • 12. Follow this format! 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Qualitative Data Quantitative Data 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.
  • 13. From observations that you have gathered, you can formulate a problem. A question comes out of observations as something that sparks your interest, curiosity or inquisitiveness. Maybe, an out-of-the-box observation will fuel your desire to ask a question. All problems will start from observations. STEP 2: FORMULATE A PROBLEM
  • 14. STEP 2: FORMULATE A PROBLEM Let us try formulating questions from simple observations. You will be shown a table of observations. Write questions regarding these observations. The first one is done for you.
  • 15. ACTIVITY 4 Students will be presented with real life situations/observation. Then assuming that they are in the actual scenario, they formulate a question defining the problem to be solved. What If?
  • 16. OBSERVATIONS FORMULATE A QUESTION Liquid inside the refrigerator freezes differently Plants tend to grow faster when exposed outside the house Breast fed babies have lower rates of respiratory infection than babies fed by formula milk On average, men typically have more muscle mass than women. Cases of dengue increases during rainy season.
  • 17. Independent Variables Dependent Variables Constant Variables In problem statements, we can see a “cause” and an “effect.” We call that variables. In experimentation, we have three types of variables: STEP 2: FORMULATE A PROBLEM
  • 18. Independent Variables These are the things that we manipulate or change in a study. For example, in the problem “How long must we cook the egg so that it will not burn?” the independent variable is the time it takes for us to cook an egg. This is the cause. STEP 2: FORMULATE A PROBLEM
  • 19. Dependent Variables These are the effects or the response to the change in the independent variable. In our example given, the dependent variable will be the appearance of the egg after frying for a certain time. This is the effect. STEP 2: FORMULATE A PROBLEM
  • 20. Constant Variables These are the things that we don’t change so that we can focus on the cause and effect of the independent to the dependent variable. For example, in the situation, the constant variables should be the pan and oil that we use, and the temperature of flame. STEP 2: FORMULATE A PROBLEM
  • 21. As we formulate problems, we should keep other variables constant so that we can focus on the cause-effect relationship of the independent and dependent variables. Moreover, so that we can formulate a very specific problem and so that we can test it. STEP 2: FORMULATE A PROBLEM
  • 22. A. What is the effect of amount of time of frying on the appearance of the fried egg? B. To what extent does the amount of time of frying affect the appearance of the fried egg? C. What length of time will have the best appearance of the fried egg? LET'S PRACTICE
  • 23. D. An investigator wants to find out if longer hours of watching television can cause eye defects. E. A researcher wants to know if the insulation of a room affects the temperature of the room. F. You want to test what paper is best to use for a paper airplane to make it fly longer. LET'S PRACTICE
  • 24. What is the effect of (independent variable) on (dependent variable)? How/to what extent does the (independent variable) affect (dependent variable)? Which/what (independent variable) (verb) (dependent variable)? Now, here are some sentence frames that you can use in your problem statements: STEP 2: FORMULATE A PROBLEM
  • 25. DAILY POP IN DAILY POP IN QUIZ QUIZ Let's Put Your Knowledge to The Test! ENHANCED SCIENCE 7
  • 26. QUESTION: QUESTION: As a student, you are asked to conduct a scientific investigation. What should you do after observing something of interest? A. Just walk away B. Clap your hands C. Formulate a question D. Write it on a notebook
  • 27. QUESTION: QUESTION: Which of the following is an example of a quantitative set of data? A. Height of students B. Brand of pencil C. Emotions D. Gender
  • 28. QUESTION: QUESTION: Which of the following is an example of a qualitative set of data? A. Weight of students B. Math scores C. Blood types D. Speed of cars
  • 29. QUESTION: QUESTION: These kind of observations are made using instruments such as rulers, balances and thermometers. A. Qualitative Data B. Quantitative Data C. Both
  • 30. QUESTION: QUESTION: What words would be most appropriate to see if a student was describing the QUANTITATIVE properties of an organism? A. Grey skin B. 2 1/2 kg C. Big Ears D. Mammal