This document provides an overview of error handling in C programming. It discusses the different types of errors that can occur in C programs, including syntax errors, linker errors, runtime errors, and logic errors. It then describes some common types of error handling in C using functions like errno, perror, and strerror. These functions allow programmers to check for errors, access error codes, and display textual error messages. The document serves as an introduction to error handling concepts in C language.

1. G. H. RAISONI COLLEGE OF ENGG. & MANAGEMENT
Gat No. 1200, Wagholi, Pune – 412 207
(An Autonomous Institute Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University)
Session 2020-21
Presentation on
ERROR HANDLING IN C PROGRAMMING
By
Panali Ravindra Patil
(A43)
Faculty Name: Ms Mugdha Kirkire .
FY B.Tech: Div A

2. Content :
• What is a C language ?
• Why we use C language?
• Facts about C.
• Errors in C.
• Types of errors in C language .
• Types of error handling in C language .
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4. What is a C language ?
• C is a general-purpose programming language that is extremely popular,
simple, and flexible to use.
• It is a structured programming language that is machine-independent and
extensively used to write various applications, Operating Systems like
Windows, and many other complex programs like Oracle database, Git,
Python interpreter, and more.
• It is said that 'C' is a god's programming language. One can say, C is a base
for the programming.
• If you know 'C,' you can easily grasp the knowledge of the other
programming languages that uses the concept of 'C'
• It is essential to have a background in computer memory mechanisms
because it is an important aspect when dealing with the C programming
language
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5. Why we use C language ?
• C was initially used for system development work, in particular the
programs that make-up the operating system.
• C was adoped as a system development language because it
produces code that runs nearly as fast as code written in assembly
language.
• Some examples of the use of C might be:
• Operating System
•Language Compilers
• Assemblers
• Text Editors All the C programs are writen into text files with
extension ".c" for example hello.c.
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6. Facts about c language
• Easy to learn
• Structured language
• It produces efficient programs.
• It can handle low-level activities.
• It can be compiled on a variety of
computers.
• The language was formalized in 1988 by
ANSI.
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7. Errors
When we compile any C -program sometimes it give us a Bug or an Error.
Program errors are also referred to as program bugs.
Errors in C :
• As such C programming does not provide direct support for error handling
but being a system programming language, it provides you access at lower
level in the form of return values.
• Most of the C or even Unix function calls return -1 or NULL in case of any
error and sets an error code errno is set which is global variable and
indicates an error occurred during any function call.
• You can find various error codes defined in header file. So a C programmer
can check the returned values and can take appropriate action depending
on the return value.
• As a good practice, developer should set errno to 0 at the time of
initialization of the program. A value of 0 indicates that there is no error in
the program
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8. Types of errors in C language
A C program may have one or more of four
types of errors:
• Syntax errors (Compiler errors or Compile-
time errors)
• Linker Errors
• Runtime errors
• Logic errors Usually, the errors become more
difficult to find and fix.
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9. Syntax error :
• The set of rules (grammatical rules) of a programming
language for writing statements of the computer program is
known as syntax of the language.
• The program statements are written strictly according to
these rules. Syntax error occur when syntax of a
programming language are not followed in writing the
source code.
• The compiler detects these errors at compiling time of
source code.
• The compiler reports a proper error message about the
error. The compiler does not compile a program that contain
syntax errors.The syntax errors are easy to detect and
remove.
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10. Linker errors
• Linker errors are generated when the linker encounters what looks like a function call; but it
cannot find a function with that name.
• This is usually caused by misspelling a C standard function (like main) or not including the header
file for a function.
• Examples 1.
• Misspelling a standard C function:
• Examples 2.
• Not including the header file for a function:
• Dev C++ has an option that automatically includes standard header files. It is not recommended to
use this option, as it is CPU-intensive.
• To turn off this option use the menus:
• Tools Compiler Options Settings Linker and set "Do not use standard system startup files or
libraries" to Yes:
• With the option turned off, not including a standard header file in your program will generate a
linker error
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11. Types of error handling in C language
• errno
• perror
• strerror
• The C programming language provides perror and strerror functions
which can be used to display the text message associated with errno.
• The perror function displays the string you pass to it, followed by a
colon, a space, and then the textual representation of the current
errno value.
• The strerror function, which returns a pointer to the textual
representation of the current errno value.
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