Erosion of soil is a very common phenomenon. Since the natural growth rate of soil is very slow, it is required to prevent erosion of soil artificially. Erosion control is also necessary to give stability to the other structures against landslide, etc., and it is also finds its requirement in saving the plnats and soil formation agains failure during rain or due to gravity or due to many other reasons. It has been a little effort to present Type of errosions and their preventive measures. Message: This is made to be presented in Seminar, as a part of my B. Tech. in Civil Engineering Coarse.

2. Need for Erosion Control
 Erosion is the phenomenon of segregation of the
top layer of the soil due to the action of wind,
rainwater, water current, waves, ice, etc.

3. Need for Erosion Control
 Erosion is the phenomenon of segregation of the
top layer of the soil due to the action of wind,
rainwater, water current, waves, ice, etc.
 Since the growth rate of the top soil layer is very
slow, once a part of the land is eroded, it takes
long time to replenish.

4. Need for Erosion Control
 Erosion is the phenomenon of segregation of the
top layer of the soil due to the action of wind,
rainwater, water current, waves, ice, etc.
 Since the growth rate of the top soil layer is very
slow, once a part of the land is eroded, it takes
long time to replenish.
 It is better to control the erosion rather than
replenishing by external means.

5. Need for Erosion Control
 Erosion is the phenomenon of segregation of the
top layer of the soil due to the action of wind,
rainwater, water current, waves, ice, etc.
 Since the growth rate of the top soil layer is very
slow, once a part of the land is eroded, it takes
long time to replenish.
 It is better to control the erosion rather than
replenishing by external means.
 Erosion control becomes essential because
erosion of soil does not only cause loss of soil, it
also cause loss of vegetation, loss of Reservoir
capacity due to silting of the eroded soil later on.

6. Causes of Erosion of soil
 Aeolian Erosion : top layer of soil is eroded due
to the action of wind, specially in cohesionless
soil.

7. Causes of Erosion of soil
 Aeolian Erosion : top layer of soil is eroded due
to the action of wind, specially in cohesionless
soil.
It becomes severe in large exposure area
with less protective measure.

8. Causes of Erosion of soil
 Erosion Due to Rainfall : The runoff caused due
to rainfall at a particular area takes the loosely
packed top layer of the soil with it and gully
formation can be seen due to that.

9. Causes of Erosion of soil
 Erosion Due to Rainfall : The runoff caused due
to rainfall at a particular area takes the loosely
packed top layer of the soil with it and gully
formation can be seen due to that.
Formation of gully Loss of vegetations

10. Causes of Erosion of soil
 Erosion Due to Rainfall : The runoff caused due
to rainfall at a particular area takes the loosely
packed top layer of the soil with it and gully
formation can be seen due to that.

11. Causes of Erosion of soil
 Erosion Due to Rainfall : The runoff caused due
to rainfall at a particular area takes the loosely
packed top layer of the soil with it and gully
formation can be seen due to that.
The rate of erosion depends on the energy
imposed by the rainwater, soil gradation and
topography i.e., steep slope is responsible for
more erosion.

12. Causes of Erosion of soil
 Erosion Due to Rainfall : The runoff caused due
to rainfall at a particular area takes the loosely
packed top layer of the soil with it and gully
formation can be seen due to that.
The rate of erosion depends on the energy
imposed by the rainwater, soil gradation and
topography i.e., steep slope is responsible for
more erosion.
It exposes the more saline soil underneath
and makes it difficult for all the living beings.

13. Causes of Erosion of soil
 Erosion Due to Water Current : when water
flows on the bed of the channel, if the velocity of
water is high it can segregate the top surface of
the channel as well.

14. Causes of Erosion of soil
 Erosion Due to Water Current : when water
flows on the bed of the channel, if the velocity of
water is high it can segregate the top surface of
the channel as well.
As after the erosion takes place, the bed of
the channel becomes uneven and it leads to
eddy current formation and hence loss of
discharge happens.

15. Causes of Erosion of soil
 Erosion at Seashore : It happens due to
resultant of the combine action of flow of water
and wind. The waves, caused due wind, hits the
seashore diagonally and causes erosion and the
eroded soil gets transported and deposited
somewhere in the upstream direction.

16. Causes of Erosion of soil
 Erosion at Seashore : It happens due to
resultant of the combine action of flow of water
and wind. The waves, caused due wind, hits the
seashore diagonally and causes erosion and the
eroded soil gets transported and deposited
somewhere in the upstream direction.
Since erosion and deposition takes place
simultaneously, this phenomenon does not hurt
much unless the flow is obstructed.

17. Causes of Erosion of soil
 Erosion at Seashore : It happens due to
resultant of the combine action of flow of water
and wind. The waves, caused due wind, hits the
seashore diagonally and causes erosion and the
eroded soil gets transported and deposited
somewhere in the upstream direction.
Since erosion and deposition takes place
simultaneously, this phenomenon does not hurt
much unless the flow is obstructed.
Some man made structure can be built up
scientifically to have altered erosion and
deposition as per the requirement.

18. Type of Erosion of soil
 Sheet Erosion: It is uniform removal
of soil due to flow of wind or water. It
depends on the topography & land uses. Sheet Erosion

19. Type of Erosion of soil
 Sheet Erosion: It is uniform removal
of soil due to flow of wind or water. It
depends on the topography & land uses.
 Rill Erosion: It is formed by runoff water,
making it’s way by making shallow ditches
on the top layer of soil.
Sheet Erosion
Rill Erosion

20. Type of Erosion of soil
 Sheet Erosion: It is uniform removal
of soil due to flow of wind or water. It
depends on the topography & land uses.
 Rill Erosion: It is formed by runoff water,
making it’s way by making shallow ditches
on the top layer of soil.
 Scalding: It is the removal of the top
layer of the soil to expose the more saline
soil layer.
Sheet Erosion
Rill Erosion
Scalding

21. Type of Erosion of soil
 Sheet Erosion: It is uniform removal
of soil due to flow of wind or water. It
depends on the topography & land uses.
 Rill Erosion: It is formed by runoff water,
making it’s way by making shallow ditches
on the top layer of soil.
 Scalding: It is the removal of the top
layer of the soil to expose the more saline
soil layer.
 Gully Formation: It is the formation of
deep trenches (>0.3m) by runoff water.
Sheet Erosion
Rill Erosion
Scalding
Gully Formation

22. Type of Erosion of soil
 Tunnel Erosion: It is caused due to
runoff water penetrating a crack or loose
sub soil to form a tunnel to pass trough. Tunnel Erosion

23. Type of Erosion of soil
 Tunnel Erosion: It is caused due to
runoff water penetrating a crack or loose
sub soil to form a tunnel to pass trough.
 Stream Bank Erosion: It is caused
due to loss of vegetation near the bank &
loss of soil during flood.
Tunnel Erosion
Stream Bank Erosion

24. Type of Erosion of soil
 Tunnel Erosion: It is caused due to
runoff water penetrating a crack or loose
sub soil to form a tunnel to pass trough.
 Stream Bank Erosion: It is caused
due to loss of vegetation near the bank &
loss of soil during flood.
 Erosion Due to Gravity: In Steep slopes
due to gravity, the soil comes downward
causing erosion, i.e., landslide.
Tunnel Erosion
Stream Bank Erosion
Mass Movement

25. Type of Erosion of soil
 Tunnel Erosion: It is caused due to
runoff water penetrating a crack or loose
sub soil to form a tunnel to pass trough.
 Stream Bank Erosion: It is caused
due to loss of vegetation near the bank &
loss of soil during flood.
 Erosion Due to Gravity: In Steep slopes
due to gravity, the soil comes downward
causing erosion, i.e., landslide.
 Wind Erosion: It is the erosion loosely
Packed or cohesionless soil by wind.
Tunnel Erosion
Stream Bank Erosion
Mass Movement
Dust Storm

26. Prevention of Erosion using Geosynthetics
 Rip Rap : Rip Rap or the
Rubble Machinery is placed
across the shore line as a
measure to get rid of erosions.
It is made of variety of Rock
types generally, granite or limestone or sometimes
concrete also.

27. Prevention of Erosion using Geosynthetics
 Concrete Lining: Erosion
takes place due to lack of
bonding of the soil particles.
If the top layer of the soil is
replaced by concrete lining
erosion cannot take place.
Concrete lining is also done to get rid of eddies
to get uniform discharge.
It is also advantageous because the channel
can be given with any shape irrespective of the
soil type.

28. Prevention of Erosion using Geosynthetics
 Concrete Guniting: Guniting is spraying of
concrete on the land where it is required. It can
be done using geomats as further reinforcements.
Geomats : it is a confinement system
used as a structural foundation. It is
Made from high density polyethylene.
It can be used with various type of fills
viz. soil, aggregate, concrete, etc.
Geomat
Geomat filled with soil

29. Prevention of Erosion using Geosynthetics
 Gabion Mattresses: Gabion is a cage like
structure used with stones used as fills. It can be
used to get steeper slopes.
On Gabions vegetation
is allowed upto 70 degree
only beyond which it
requires special planting
techniques and regular
watering.
Slope reinforced with Gabions
Vegetation growth on Slope reinforced with Gabions

30. Prevention of Erosion using Geosynthetics
 Geotextile Covering: Geotextile can be of two
types, 1. natural (e.g.- Jute), and 2. Synthetic.
The geotextile can be
laid on the top surface
of the soil at the slopes.
It leads to vegetation
growth appreciably and
Works good as
reinforcement as well. Soil Reinforcement with Geotextile

31. Prevention of Erosion using Geosynthetics
 Vegetation Covering: Vegetation gives almost
all-round protection to the soil from erosion.
1. The root of the plants binds the soil together and
prevent landslide and erosion during runoff.
2. The plant intercepts the rain falling directly on the
top surface of soil.
3. The plant intercepts the wind blowing immediate to
the top surface of soil.
and so on.
- The vegetation cover can be laid with coir mats
also, that provides good growth of vegetation in short
period of time.

32. THANKS FOR
WATCHING!