Third phase in the evolution of public administration. The era of Challenges in Public Administration (1938-1947). KEY CHALLENGES and TRANSFORMATIVE EFFECTS . The alternative solutions to the current challenges in the public administration.
The document provides an overview and questions about the interwar period in Europe following World War 1. It discusses the instability of successor states after the war and the establishment of the League of Nations to promote cooperation. However, the League ultimately failed due to a lack of military enforcement and the ability of states like Japan and Italy to act aggressively without consequence. It also examines the rise of fascism in Italy under Mussolini and the economic and political instability across Europe in the aftermath of World War 1.
The document provides an overview of a unit on the rise of democracy. It discusses how Greece's physical geography of isolated city-states led to the development of the first democratic societies. The poor soil forced Greeks to colonize the Mediterranean coast and engage in trade, establishing a mercantile economy. This economy led to the rise of a middle class that grew more powerful than kings and demanded equal political power, establishing the concept of citizenship and democracy in Greek city-states. The unit will examine the rise and fall of ancient Greek and Roman democracies and subsequent developments through modern democratic revolutions.
The document provides summaries of topics from various world history chapters, including abolitionism, feminism, the French Revolution, the Mexican Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, Latin American independence, the Ottoman Empire, effects of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, the crisis in China, missionaries, education in the West, cash crops, World War 1, World War 2, the Great Depression, Mao Zedong, global communism, Communist China, Mohandas Gandhi, the Indian independence movement, Nelson Mandela, Che Guevara, environmentalism, and Hamas. Key events, leaders, goals, impacts, and time periods are summarized for each topic.
The document provides summaries of topics from various world history chapters, including abolitionism, feminism, the French Revolution, the Mexican Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, Latin American independence, the Ottoman Empire, effects of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, the crisis in China, missionaries, education in the West, cash crops, World War 1, World War 2, the Great Depression, Mao Zedong, global communism, Communist China, Mohandas Gandhi, the Indian independence movement, Nelson Mandela, Che Guevara, environmentalism, and Hamas. Key events, leaders, goals, and impacts are summarized for each topic in 1-2 sentences.
The document outlines socialist strategy and how it has evolved historically in response to different periods and turns in class struggle. It discusses Marxist thinkers like Marx, Engels, Lenin, Trotsky, Mao, and Gramsci and their perspectives on strategy. Key points include: (1) Strategy involves a plan of action to achieve socialism through class struggle and revolutionary forces. (2) Strategy must change depending on the specific historic period and balance of class forces. (3) Periods discussed include the 19th century, times of world war, national liberation movements, and today's era of neoliberal globalization. (4) The document proposes a current strategy for the Philippines combining people's power actions with electoral intervention.
1. In a short paragraph identify and explain the historical signific.docxketurahhazelhurst
1. In a short paragraph identify and explain the historical significance of four of the following.
Muhammed Ali
Abolitionism
Canton System
Kwame Nkrumah
“Salt March”
“self strengthening”
Criollos
Mandates
The 14 Points
Sun Yat-Sen
Criollos
Meji Constitution
Criollos
2. Answer one of the following. (40 marks)
1) Discuss the nature of Simon Bolivar’s vision for Latin American independence (what did he hope to achieve and why) and account for the failure of these revolutionary movements to provide the lasting political, social and economic stability for Latin America which he envisioned.
2) By the mid to late nineteenth century the growth of Western power and influence increasingly forced groups and individuals within non-Western communities to respond through the creation of alternative visions of social construction. Citing specific examples from at least two of the non-Western communities which we have examined discuss the nature of such visions for the reconstruction of community and assess the strengths and weaknesses of these responses.
3) By the beginning of the 19th century both Imperial China and the Ottoman Empire found themselves in a position of increasing vulnerability to European impositions. Select one of these societies and examine the roots of this crisis as well as the manner in which they sought to respond to these new realities. To what extent were such responses unsuccessful and why?
4) The first half of the 19th century witnessed the spread of informal European influences in Africa from limited coastal enclaves to significant portions of the continent’s interior. Identify those factors which were most important in this process and assess its impact on African societies. To what extent was this a truly revolutionary experience for African communities?
3. Answer one of the following. (40 marks)
1) By the late 19th century China was in the midst of a prolonged period of political instability which resulted in the collapse of the Chinese imperial system and ultimately the post-World War II triumph of the Chinese Communist Party. To what extent were these events driven by issues internal to China itself or the actions of imperialist (Japanese or Western) forces external to China?
2) Compare and contrast British and French policies of colonial administration and assess the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches? To what extent is it an accurate assessment that both approaches simply represented different paths to the same objective?
3) It has been suggested that colonialism “contained the seeds of its own destruction". Discuss the growth of anti-colonial nationalism in one of the following areas: the Arab Middle East, Africa, China, India and, citing specific examples, determine the extent to which the above .
The document provides an overview and questions about the interwar period in Europe following World War 1. It discusses the instability of successor states after the war and the establishment of the League of Nations to promote cooperation. However, the League ultimately failed due to a lack of military enforcement and the ability of states like Japan and Italy to act aggressively without consequence. It also examines the rise of fascism in Italy under Mussolini and the economic and political instability across Europe in the aftermath of World War 1.
The document provides an overview of a unit on the rise of democracy. It discusses how Greece's physical geography of isolated city-states led to the development of the first democratic societies. The poor soil forced Greeks to colonize the Mediterranean coast and engage in trade, establishing a mercantile economy. This economy led to the rise of a middle class that grew more powerful than kings and demanded equal political power, establishing the concept of citizenship and democracy in Greek city-states. The unit will examine the rise and fall of ancient Greek and Roman democracies and subsequent developments through modern democratic revolutions.
The document provides summaries of topics from various world history chapters, including abolitionism, feminism, the French Revolution, the Mexican Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, Latin American independence, the Ottoman Empire, effects of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, the crisis in China, missionaries, education in the West, cash crops, World War 1, World War 2, the Great Depression, Mao Zedong, global communism, Communist China, Mohandas Gandhi, the Indian independence movement, Nelson Mandela, Che Guevara, environmentalism, and Hamas. Key events, leaders, goals, impacts, and time periods are summarized for each topic.
The document provides summaries of topics from various world history chapters, including abolitionism, feminism, the French Revolution, the Mexican Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, Latin American independence, the Ottoman Empire, effects of the Industrial Revolution in Europe, the crisis in China, missionaries, education in the West, cash crops, World War 1, World War 2, the Great Depression, Mao Zedong, global communism, Communist China, Mohandas Gandhi, the Indian independence movement, Nelson Mandela, Che Guevara, environmentalism, and Hamas. Key events, leaders, goals, and impacts are summarized for each topic in 1-2 sentences.
The document outlines socialist strategy and how it has evolved historically in response to different periods and turns in class struggle. It discusses Marxist thinkers like Marx, Engels, Lenin, Trotsky, Mao, and Gramsci and their perspectives on strategy. Key points include: (1) Strategy involves a plan of action to achieve socialism through class struggle and revolutionary forces. (2) Strategy must change depending on the specific historic period and balance of class forces. (3) Periods discussed include the 19th century, times of world war, national liberation movements, and today's era of neoliberal globalization. (4) The document proposes a current strategy for the Philippines combining people's power actions with electoral intervention.
1. In a short paragraph identify and explain the historical signific.docxketurahhazelhurst
1. In a short paragraph identify and explain the historical significance of four of the following.
Muhammed Ali
Abolitionism
Canton System
Kwame Nkrumah
“Salt March”
“self strengthening”
Criollos
Mandates
The 14 Points
Sun Yat-Sen
Criollos
Meji Constitution
Criollos
2. Answer one of the following. (40 marks)
1) Discuss the nature of Simon Bolivar’s vision for Latin American independence (what did he hope to achieve and why) and account for the failure of these revolutionary movements to provide the lasting political, social and economic stability for Latin America which he envisioned.
2) By the mid to late nineteenth century the growth of Western power and influence increasingly forced groups and individuals within non-Western communities to respond through the creation of alternative visions of social construction. Citing specific examples from at least two of the non-Western communities which we have examined discuss the nature of such visions for the reconstruction of community and assess the strengths and weaknesses of these responses.
3) By the beginning of the 19th century both Imperial China and the Ottoman Empire found themselves in a position of increasing vulnerability to European impositions. Select one of these societies and examine the roots of this crisis as well as the manner in which they sought to respond to these new realities. To what extent were such responses unsuccessful and why?
4) The first half of the 19th century witnessed the spread of informal European influences in Africa from limited coastal enclaves to significant portions of the continent’s interior. Identify those factors which were most important in this process and assess its impact on African societies. To what extent was this a truly revolutionary experience for African communities?
3. Answer one of the following. (40 marks)
1) By the late 19th century China was in the midst of a prolonged period of political instability which resulted in the collapse of the Chinese imperial system and ultimately the post-World War II triumph of the Chinese Communist Party. To what extent were these events driven by issues internal to China itself or the actions of imperialist (Japanese or Western) forces external to China?
2) Compare and contrast British and French policies of colonial administration and assess the strengths and weaknesses of both approaches? To what extent is it an accurate assessment that both approaches simply represented different paths to the same objective?
3) It has been suggested that colonialism “contained the seeds of its own destruction". Discuss the growth of anti-colonial nationalism in one of the following areas: the Arab Middle East, Africa, China, India and, citing specific examples, determine the extent to which the above .
I trust that this presentation has offered you a valuable illustration of the topics and assignments we can support you with. It's important to note that this is just a small sample of what we can provide, as we offer assistance with a diverse range of subjects and projects. Should you have any queries or wish to gain further insight into our services, please feel free to reach out to us. We would be delighted to hear from you.
www.eduassignmenthelp.com
The document discusses the causes and effects of World War II and the Cold War. It states that World War II involved over 30 countries and 100 million people from 1939-1945. The main causes included the Treaty of Versailles and the rise of authoritarian regimes in Germany, Italy and Japan in the 1930s. Major effects were the loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, economic disruption, and displacement of populations. It also discusses the ideological differences between communism and capitalism that contributed to tensions between the US and Soviet Union during the Cold War.
This document provides an overview of the major changes and challenges of the 19th century that influenced Jose Rizal's life and work. It discusses the rise of nationalism, spread of democracy, modernization through the Industrial Revolution, advancements in science and technology, growth of imperialism, and new ideas that fostered growth. Specific events like the American and French Revolutions are mentioned. The effects of the Industrial Revolution on living standards, population growth, and the rise of capitalism are summarized. Responses to social problems created by these changes from different groups are also outlined.
War and civilization have developed together throughout history. Major civilizations first emerged around 3100 BC in Mesopotamia and Egypt, and other early civilizations included the Indus Valley civilization, ancient China, and ancient America. As civilizations grew, conflicts over resources, land, ethnicity, and ideology often led to war between societies. Different types of war have emerged throughout history, including civil wars, wars of religion, world wars, and liberation wars. Most modern civilizations remain connected to war, though international organizations now aim to reduce conflict and maintain peace between nations.
This chapter discusses the history and contexts of terrorism. It explains how terrorism is difficult to define because its meaning has changed over time and place. The Enlightenment era introduced ideas that supported democracy and revolutionary thought. Modern terrorism originated from the Enlightenment through the Napoleonic Wars. In the 19th century, socialism, anarchism and communism emerged as radical ideologies following failed revolutions in 1848. Different groups in Russia used terrorism as a revolutionary tactic from the late 1800s through the Communist Revolution. The chapter also summarizes the early history of the Irish Republican Army and their use of selective terrorism under Michael Collins.
list (in chronological order) fifteen (15) significant decoloni.docxtaishao1
list (in chronological order) fifteen (15) significant decolonization events , that you choose, since 1945. In a few sentences, identify and explain the importance of each event. A good timeline should have an exact (or approximate) year date for each event on the timeline. There should be a description of the event and a short assessment of the importance of that event in simple English.
You can also get help from the Raymond F. Betts,
Decolonization
book
(So, what was the Decolonization? The Second World War then marked a final watershed as it set in motion the process of "decolonization," i.e., the undoing of the world's empires and the setting free of the colonies and the creation of independent countries. After 1945, as a result of this process, there appeared the so-called Third World, aka the "south" or those countries south of the Equator that were considered under-developed, or less-developed. The process of decolonization was far from being a stable and rational undertaking, and it resulted in much tension, conflict and disunity. By the time the dismantling of the colonies was over in the 1970s, Britain wound up "losing" it all (India, Burma, Ceylon, Malaysia, etc.), as did also the Dutch, French and Portuguese (and US).
Even as the colonial empires disappeared, the after-effects (the legacies of colonialism) remained. Here are some general points to consider:
Many democratic constitutions did not last long
most of the new countries also faced difficult modernization issues (both economic and cultural), i.e., how to catch up with the more advanced economies of the world
a wide range of complex array of socio-economic situations prevailed in the new countries with each situation being unique
nationalists who fought to achieve independence against the colonial regimes were now firmly militant, and once in power, it was usually difficult to rein in those militaristic tendencies
the widespread appeal of radical political alternatives to the peoples who were struggling after the colonial period
internal divisions in the new countries were often artificial yet they ended up causing significant problems. One major source of problems was borders.
...
The document discusses the causes and major events of World War II. It notes that World War II was a global war from 1939-1945 that involved most nations dividing into two military alliances. The causes can be traced back to the Treaty of Versailles and the rise of authoritarian regimes in Germany, Italy and Japan in the 1930s. Major events included the invasion of Western European countries by Germany in 1940 and the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, as well as the US entering the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
The document discusses scenarios for the evolution of the political crisis in Egypt following the Arab Spring protests in 2011. Scenario 2 occurred, where the dominant classes and military, backed by the US and EU, failed to overcome Egypt's economic and social crisis. This led to the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood and election of Mursi as president. However, Mursi also failed to solve the crisis and was removed by the military in 2013 in another popular revolution, with the army taking control. The military intervention could lead to either political progress or a military dictatorship.
The document provides historical context about the 19th century global setting and the Philippines. It describes the political instability in Spain during this time period which weakened Spain as a colonial power. It also outlines the social stratification system and classes that were established in the Philippines under Spanish rule. The economic system was still feudal and the society remained stratified. The political system involved a governor-general who administered the central government in Manila and imposed laws.
This document provides an overview of the transition from WWII alliances to the tensions of the Cold War. It outlines the rise in tensions between the US/Britain and the Soviets over strategy during WWII. It then discusses key events that exacerbated tensions, including the spread of communism in Eastern Europe, the Truman Doctrine establishing the policy of containment against Soviet expansion, the Marshall Plan to rebuild Western Europe's economies, and the Berlin Blockade by the Soviets in 1948. Primary sources from Churchill and Stalin from 1946 are included to show the growing tensions between the former allies in their views of each other.
DEVELOPMENT and SOCIAL CHANGE A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE SLinaCovington707
DEVELOPMENT and
SOCIAL CHANGE
A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
SIXTH EDITION
PHILIP McMICHAEL
Cornell University
fSAGE
Los Angeles I London I New Delhi
Singapore I Washington DC
A Timeline of Development
WORLD
FRAMEWORK
POLITICAL
ECONOMY
SOCIAL GOALS
DEVELOPMENT
[Model]
MOBILIZING
TOOL
MECHANISMS
VARIANTS
MARKERS
Deveiopmentalism (1940s-1970s)
State-Regulated Markets (Keynesianism)
Public Spending
Social Contract and Redistribution
National Citizenship
Industrial Replication
National Economic Sector Complementarity
[Brazil, Mexico, India]
Nationalism (Post-Colonialism)
Import-Substitution Industrialization (!SI)
Public Investment (Infrastructure, Energy)
Education
Land Reform
First World (Freedom of Enterprise)
Second World (Central Planning)
Third World (Modernization via Development Alliance)
~retton
'woods
,(1944)
Cold War Begins
(1946)
Marshall Plan
(1946)
Korean War
(1950-53)
Vietnam War
(1964-75)
Alliance for Progress
(1961)
Uajted Nations
(1943)
Non-Aligned Group of World
Movement Forum 77 (G-77) Economic
(1955) (1964) Forum (1970)
T •
'
FIRST DEVELOPMENT SECOND DEVELOPMENT
DECADE DECADE
1940. 1950 1960 1970
INSTITUTIONAL I ~odd PL-480 (1954) UNCTAD
(1964) DEVELOPMENTS Bank,
( IMF,
(GAIT
(1944)
US_$ as Reserve Currency
COMECON (1947)
Eurodollar/offshore $ market
,.
Globalism (1980s-2000s)
Self-Regulating Markets (Monetarism)
Public Downsizing
Private Initiative and Global Consumerism
Multi-Layered Citizenship and Recognition
Participation in World Market
Global Comparative Advantage
[Chile, South Korea; NAFTA]
Markets and Credit
Financialization
Export-Orientation
Privatization
Entrepreneurialism
Public and Majority-Class Austerity
National Structural Adjustment (Opening Economies)
Regional Free Trade Agreements
Global Governance
Oil Crises
(1973, 1979)
Cold War "New World
Ends (1989) Order"
Debt Regime WTORegime
New International Economic Chiapas Revolt
Order Initiative (1994)
(1974)
Group of 7 (G-7) Earth Kyoto Group of MDGs
(1975) Summit Protocol 20 (G-20) (2000)
(1992) (1997) (1999)
Imperial Wars
(2001-)
Climate Regime
Islamic State
(2013-?)
World Social Forum
(2001)
Stern IAASTD SDGs
Report Report (2015)
(2006) (2008)
"LOST DECADE" "GLOBALIZATION DECADE"
1970
Offshore Banking
1980 1990
GATT Uruguay
Round(1986-1994)
IPCC (1988)
UNFCCC (1988)
2000
NAFTA (1994)
WTO (1995)
Structural Adjustment Loans "Governance" /HIPC Loans
Glasnost/Perestroika
Public Private
Partnerships
I
Development
Theory and Reality
Development, today, is increasingly about how we survive the future, rather than how we improve on the past. While ideas of human prog-
ress and material improvement still guide theory and policy making, how we
manage "energy descent" and adapt to serious ecological deficits, climatic
disruption, and social justice effects will defi ...
This class covers the New Deal and its impact on cities and urban politics in the United States. It discusses how the Great Depression disproportionately impacted cities and caused urban voters to support the Democratic New Deal coalition. The New Deal established many new federal programs and agencies that helped revive the economy and supported cities, including public works projects, social security, and public housing programs. This transformed the relationship between cities and the federal government and caused cities to gain more influence over national politics by forming permanent lobbying groups in Washington D.C. to advocate for urban priorities and programs.
The document discusses post-World War II economic anxieties in the United States. It describes how the GI Bill helped veterans reintegrate into civilian life and boosted the economy. It also discusses how the Truman administration took steps like the Employment Act of 1946 and VA loans to prevent another Great Depression. The economy remained shaky in the initial postwar years but then experienced unprecedented growth from the 1950s to 1970s, fueled by factors like defense spending, shifts in the workforce, and increased consumerism.
The document summarizes key developments in the 19th century world that shaped Jose Rizal's ideology. These included the growth of nationalism across Europe, the rise of liberalism and democracy challenging absolute rule, the industrial revolution transforming manufacturing, the resurgence of Western imperialism expanding political empires, breakthroughs in science and technology, and an optimistic view of humanity's ability to progress. All of these influenced Rizal's outlook and role in developing Filipino nationalism to advocate for reforms and independence.
This document provides an overview of global conflicts and international orders. It discusses the main causes of armed conflicts and models of international order such as hegemonic order and balance of power. It then analyzes six contemporary threats to peace and security, including socioeconomic threats, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, terrorism, and transnational crime. The document examines how internal and global conflicts have become interconnected. It provides historical context on globalization of conflict since World War I and analyzes the global dimensions and ideological aspects of World Wars I and II.
This document contains instructions and questions for a History exam on British, European and World History from 2023. It is divided into two sections, with Section 1 focusing on British history and Section 2 on European and World history. Each section contains multiple parts on different time periods and topics. Students must choose one part from Section 1 and one from Section 2, and answer one question from each of the two parts they chose. The questions range from short answers to longer essay questions assessing students' understanding of key historical developments, causes, consequences and interpretations.
What Caused The English Revolution EssayTara Hardin
The document discusses the key causes of the English Revolution in the 17th century. It began as a power struggle between Parliament and the King over how power would be distributed in the English government. The causes stemmed from the Stuart dynasty believing in the divine right of kings, which gave the monarch absolute power, rather than popular sovereignty where power comes from the people. This caused conflict with Parliament and resentment from citizens. Additionally, disagreements over religious policies and taxation further strained relations between the King and Parliament, ultimately leading to a series of civil wars and revolts that decided the balance of power.
WAYS OF THE WORLD POWERPOINT ASSIGNMENT #2 PART 1bergie2613
1. The document provides summaries of chapters from two books that discuss major historical events and developments from the 18th century to the early 20th century.
2. Key topics covered include the Enlightenment, the American and French Revolutions, the Industrial Revolution, colonialism, World War I, the rise of communism, apartheid in South Africa, and globalization.
3. Major figures discussed include Voltaire, James Madison, Robespierre, and Nelson Mandela.
WAYS OF THE WORLD POWERPOINT ASSIGNMENT #2 PART 1bergie2613
This document provides summaries of chapters from two history books covering major events from the 18th to early 20th centuries. It discusses the Enlightenment philosopher Voltaire's warnings against unchecked power. It also summarizes the Industrial Revolution, the rise of different social classes in 19th century Britain, and impending changes in the US and Russia. Later chapters discuss colonial economies, the impact of World War I including the rise of new nations, the spread and fall of communism in the 20th century, and Nelson Mandela's struggle against apartheid in South Africa.
Evolution of Public Administration in Indian ContextSakshiJournal
Public administration emerged as an academic discipline in the late 19th century with Woodrow Wilson's seminal essay. It has evolved through 5 phases: (1) a politics-administration dichotomy from 1887-1926, (2) an era focused on principles of administration from 1927-1937, (3) a period of challenges to those principles from 1938-1947 with human relations theory, (4) a crisis of identity from 1948-1970 addressed by new public administration, and (5) a public policy perspective emerging from 1971 onward incorporating various social sciences. Recent trends include new public management, public-private partnerships, and greater citizen participation.
Presentation by Julie Topoleski, CBO’s Director of Labor, Income Security, and Long-Term Analysis, at the 16th Annual Meeting of the OECD Working Party of Parliamentary Budget Officials and Independent Fiscal Institutions.
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I trust that this presentation has offered you a valuable illustration of the topics and assignments we can support you with. It's important to note that this is just a small sample of what we can provide, as we offer assistance with a diverse range of subjects and projects. Should you have any queries or wish to gain further insight into our services, please feel free to reach out to us. We would be delighted to hear from you.
www.eduassignmenthelp.com
The document discusses the causes and effects of World War II and the Cold War. It states that World War II involved over 30 countries and 100 million people from 1939-1945. The main causes included the Treaty of Versailles and the rise of authoritarian regimes in Germany, Italy and Japan in the 1930s. Major effects were the loss of life, destruction of infrastructure, economic disruption, and displacement of populations. It also discusses the ideological differences between communism and capitalism that contributed to tensions between the US and Soviet Union during the Cold War.
This document provides an overview of the major changes and challenges of the 19th century that influenced Jose Rizal's life and work. It discusses the rise of nationalism, spread of democracy, modernization through the Industrial Revolution, advancements in science and technology, growth of imperialism, and new ideas that fostered growth. Specific events like the American and French Revolutions are mentioned. The effects of the Industrial Revolution on living standards, population growth, and the rise of capitalism are summarized. Responses to social problems created by these changes from different groups are also outlined.
War and civilization have developed together throughout history. Major civilizations first emerged around 3100 BC in Mesopotamia and Egypt, and other early civilizations included the Indus Valley civilization, ancient China, and ancient America. As civilizations grew, conflicts over resources, land, ethnicity, and ideology often led to war between societies. Different types of war have emerged throughout history, including civil wars, wars of religion, world wars, and liberation wars. Most modern civilizations remain connected to war, though international organizations now aim to reduce conflict and maintain peace between nations.
This chapter discusses the history and contexts of terrorism. It explains how terrorism is difficult to define because its meaning has changed over time and place. The Enlightenment era introduced ideas that supported democracy and revolutionary thought. Modern terrorism originated from the Enlightenment through the Napoleonic Wars. In the 19th century, socialism, anarchism and communism emerged as radical ideologies following failed revolutions in 1848. Different groups in Russia used terrorism as a revolutionary tactic from the late 1800s through the Communist Revolution. The chapter also summarizes the early history of the Irish Republican Army and their use of selective terrorism under Michael Collins.
list (in chronological order) fifteen (15) significant decoloni.docxtaishao1
list (in chronological order) fifteen (15) significant decolonization events , that you choose, since 1945. In a few sentences, identify and explain the importance of each event. A good timeline should have an exact (or approximate) year date for each event on the timeline. There should be a description of the event and a short assessment of the importance of that event in simple English.
You can also get help from the Raymond F. Betts,
Decolonization
book
(So, what was the Decolonization? The Second World War then marked a final watershed as it set in motion the process of "decolonization," i.e., the undoing of the world's empires and the setting free of the colonies and the creation of independent countries. After 1945, as a result of this process, there appeared the so-called Third World, aka the "south" or those countries south of the Equator that were considered under-developed, or less-developed. The process of decolonization was far from being a stable and rational undertaking, and it resulted in much tension, conflict and disunity. By the time the dismantling of the colonies was over in the 1970s, Britain wound up "losing" it all (India, Burma, Ceylon, Malaysia, etc.), as did also the Dutch, French and Portuguese (and US).
Even as the colonial empires disappeared, the after-effects (the legacies of colonialism) remained. Here are some general points to consider:
Many democratic constitutions did not last long
most of the new countries also faced difficult modernization issues (both economic and cultural), i.e., how to catch up with the more advanced economies of the world
a wide range of complex array of socio-economic situations prevailed in the new countries with each situation being unique
nationalists who fought to achieve independence against the colonial regimes were now firmly militant, and once in power, it was usually difficult to rein in those militaristic tendencies
the widespread appeal of radical political alternatives to the peoples who were struggling after the colonial period
internal divisions in the new countries were often artificial yet they ended up causing significant problems. One major source of problems was borders.
...
The document discusses the causes and major events of World War II. It notes that World War II was a global war from 1939-1945 that involved most nations dividing into two military alliances. The causes can be traced back to the Treaty of Versailles and the rise of authoritarian regimes in Germany, Italy and Japan in the 1930s. Major events included the invasion of Western European countries by Germany in 1940 and the invasion of the Soviet Union in 1941, as well as the US entering the war after the attack on Pearl Harbor.
The document discusses scenarios for the evolution of the political crisis in Egypt following the Arab Spring protests in 2011. Scenario 2 occurred, where the dominant classes and military, backed by the US and EU, failed to overcome Egypt's economic and social crisis. This led to the rise of the Muslim Brotherhood and election of Mursi as president. However, Mursi also failed to solve the crisis and was removed by the military in 2013 in another popular revolution, with the army taking control. The military intervention could lead to either political progress or a military dictatorship.
The document provides historical context about the 19th century global setting and the Philippines. It describes the political instability in Spain during this time period which weakened Spain as a colonial power. It also outlines the social stratification system and classes that were established in the Philippines under Spanish rule. The economic system was still feudal and the society remained stratified. The political system involved a governor-general who administered the central government in Manila and imposed laws.
This document provides an overview of the transition from WWII alliances to the tensions of the Cold War. It outlines the rise in tensions between the US/Britain and the Soviets over strategy during WWII. It then discusses key events that exacerbated tensions, including the spread of communism in Eastern Europe, the Truman Doctrine establishing the policy of containment against Soviet expansion, the Marshall Plan to rebuild Western Europe's economies, and the Berlin Blockade by the Soviets in 1948. Primary sources from Churchill and Stalin from 1946 are included to show the growing tensions between the former allies in their views of each other.
DEVELOPMENT and SOCIAL CHANGE A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE SLinaCovington707
DEVELOPMENT and
SOCIAL CHANGE
A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE
SIXTH EDITION
PHILIP McMICHAEL
Cornell University
fSAGE
Los Angeles I London I New Delhi
Singapore I Washington DC
A Timeline of Development
WORLD
FRAMEWORK
POLITICAL
ECONOMY
SOCIAL GOALS
DEVELOPMENT
[Model]
MOBILIZING
TOOL
MECHANISMS
VARIANTS
MARKERS
Deveiopmentalism (1940s-1970s)
State-Regulated Markets (Keynesianism)
Public Spending
Social Contract and Redistribution
National Citizenship
Industrial Replication
National Economic Sector Complementarity
[Brazil, Mexico, India]
Nationalism (Post-Colonialism)
Import-Substitution Industrialization (!SI)
Public Investment (Infrastructure, Energy)
Education
Land Reform
First World (Freedom of Enterprise)
Second World (Central Planning)
Third World (Modernization via Development Alliance)
~retton
'woods
,(1944)
Cold War Begins
(1946)
Marshall Plan
(1946)
Korean War
(1950-53)
Vietnam War
(1964-75)
Alliance for Progress
(1961)
Uajted Nations
(1943)
Non-Aligned Group of World
Movement Forum 77 (G-77) Economic
(1955) (1964) Forum (1970)
T •
'
FIRST DEVELOPMENT SECOND DEVELOPMENT
DECADE DECADE
1940. 1950 1960 1970
INSTITUTIONAL I ~odd PL-480 (1954) UNCTAD
(1964) DEVELOPMENTS Bank,
( IMF,
(GAIT
(1944)
US_$ as Reserve Currency
COMECON (1947)
Eurodollar/offshore $ market
,.
Globalism (1980s-2000s)
Self-Regulating Markets (Monetarism)
Public Downsizing
Private Initiative and Global Consumerism
Multi-Layered Citizenship and Recognition
Participation in World Market
Global Comparative Advantage
[Chile, South Korea; NAFTA]
Markets and Credit
Financialization
Export-Orientation
Privatization
Entrepreneurialism
Public and Majority-Class Austerity
National Structural Adjustment (Opening Economies)
Regional Free Trade Agreements
Global Governance
Oil Crises
(1973, 1979)
Cold War "New World
Ends (1989) Order"
Debt Regime WTORegime
New International Economic Chiapas Revolt
Order Initiative (1994)
(1974)
Group of 7 (G-7) Earth Kyoto Group of MDGs
(1975) Summit Protocol 20 (G-20) (2000)
(1992) (1997) (1999)
Imperial Wars
(2001-)
Climate Regime
Islamic State
(2013-?)
World Social Forum
(2001)
Stern IAASTD SDGs
Report Report (2015)
(2006) (2008)
"LOST DECADE" "GLOBALIZATION DECADE"
1970
Offshore Banking
1980 1990
GATT Uruguay
Round(1986-1994)
IPCC (1988)
UNFCCC (1988)
2000
NAFTA (1994)
WTO (1995)
Structural Adjustment Loans "Governance" /HIPC Loans
Glasnost/Perestroika
Public Private
Partnerships
I
Development
Theory and Reality
Development, today, is increasingly about how we survive the future, rather than how we improve on the past. While ideas of human prog-
ress and material improvement still guide theory and policy making, how we
manage "energy descent" and adapt to serious ecological deficits, climatic
disruption, and social justice effects will defi ...
This class covers the New Deal and its impact on cities and urban politics in the United States. It discusses how the Great Depression disproportionately impacted cities and caused urban voters to support the Democratic New Deal coalition. The New Deal established many new federal programs and agencies that helped revive the economy and supported cities, including public works projects, social security, and public housing programs. This transformed the relationship between cities and the federal government and caused cities to gain more influence over national politics by forming permanent lobbying groups in Washington D.C. to advocate for urban priorities and programs.
The document discusses post-World War II economic anxieties in the United States. It describes how the GI Bill helped veterans reintegrate into civilian life and boosted the economy. It also discusses how the Truman administration took steps like the Employment Act of 1946 and VA loans to prevent another Great Depression. The economy remained shaky in the initial postwar years but then experienced unprecedented growth from the 1950s to 1970s, fueled by factors like defense spending, shifts in the workforce, and increased consumerism.
The document summarizes key developments in the 19th century world that shaped Jose Rizal's ideology. These included the growth of nationalism across Europe, the rise of liberalism and democracy challenging absolute rule, the industrial revolution transforming manufacturing, the resurgence of Western imperialism expanding political empires, breakthroughs in science and technology, and an optimistic view of humanity's ability to progress. All of these influenced Rizal's outlook and role in developing Filipino nationalism to advocate for reforms and independence.
This document provides an overview of global conflicts and international orders. It discusses the main causes of armed conflicts and models of international order such as hegemonic order and balance of power. It then analyzes six contemporary threats to peace and security, including socioeconomic threats, proliferation of weapons of mass destruction, terrorism, and transnational crime. The document examines how internal and global conflicts have become interconnected. It provides historical context on globalization of conflict since World War I and analyzes the global dimensions and ideological aspects of World Wars I and II.
This document contains instructions and questions for a History exam on British, European and World History from 2023. It is divided into two sections, with Section 1 focusing on British history and Section 2 on European and World history. Each section contains multiple parts on different time periods and topics. Students must choose one part from Section 1 and one from Section 2, and answer one question from each of the two parts they chose. The questions range from short answers to longer essay questions assessing students' understanding of key historical developments, causes, consequences and interpretations.
What Caused The English Revolution EssayTara Hardin
The document discusses the key causes of the English Revolution in the 17th century. It began as a power struggle between Parliament and the King over how power would be distributed in the English government. The causes stemmed from the Stuart dynasty believing in the divine right of kings, which gave the monarch absolute power, rather than popular sovereignty where power comes from the people. This caused conflict with Parliament and resentment from citizens. Additionally, disagreements over religious policies and taxation further strained relations between the King and Parliament, ultimately leading to a series of civil wars and revolts that decided the balance of power.
WAYS OF THE WORLD POWERPOINT ASSIGNMENT #2 PART 1bergie2613
1. The document provides summaries of chapters from two books that discuss major historical events and developments from the 18th century to the early 20th century.
2. Key topics covered include the Enlightenment, the American and French Revolutions, the Industrial Revolution, colonialism, World War I, the rise of communism, apartheid in South Africa, and globalization.
3. Major figures discussed include Voltaire, James Madison, Robespierre, and Nelson Mandela.
WAYS OF THE WORLD POWERPOINT ASSIGNMENT #2 PART 1bergie2613
This document provides summaries of chapters from two history books covering major events from the 18th to early 20th centuries. It discusses the Enlightenment philosopher Voltaire's warnings against unchecked power. It also summarizes the Industrial Revolution, the rise of different social classes in 19th century Britain, and impending changes in the US and Russia. Later chapters discuss colonial economies, the impact of World War I including the rise of new nations, the spread and fall of communism in the 20th century, and Nelson Mandela's struggle against apartheid in South Africa.
Evolution of Public Administration in Indian ContextSakshiJournal
Public administration emerged as an academic discipline in the late 19th century with Woodrow Wilson's seminal essay. It has evolved through 5 phases: (1) a politics-administration dichotomy from 1887-1926, (2) an era focused on principles of administration from 1927-1937, (3) a period of challenges to those principles from 1938-1947 with human relations theory, (4) a crisis of identity from 1948-1970 addressed by new public administration, and (5) a public policy perspective emerging from 1971 onward incorporating various social sciences. Recent trends include new public management, public-private partnerships, and greater citizen participation.
Similar to Era-of-Challenges-in-Public-Administration 2.pptx (20)
Presentation by Julie Topoleski, CBO’s Director of Labor, Income Security, and Long-Term Analysis, at the 16th Annual Meeting of the OECD Working Party of Parliamentary Budget Officials and Independent Fiscal Institutions.
Causes Supporting Charity for Elderly PeopleSERUDS INDIA
Around 52% of the elder populations in India are living in poverty and poor health problems. In this technological world, they became very backward without having any knowledge about technology. So they’re dependent on working hard for their daily earnings, they’re physically very weak. Thus charity organizations are made to help and raise them and also to give them hope to live.
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FT author
Amanda Chu
US Energy Reporter
PREMIUM
June 20 2024
Good morning and welcome back to Energy Source, coming to you from New York, where the city swelters in its first heatwave of the season.
Nearly 80 million people were under alerts in the US north-east and midwest yesterday as temperatures in some municipalities reached record highs in a test to the country’s rickety power grid.
In other news, the Financial Times has a new Big Read this morning on Russia’s grip on nuclear power. Despite sanctions on its economy, the Kremlin continues to be an unrivalled exporter of nuclear power plants, building more than half of all reactors under construction globally. Read how Moscow is using these projects to wield global influence.
Today’s Energy Source dives into the latest Statistical Review of World Energy, the industry’s annual stocktake of global energy consumption. The report was published for more than 70 years by BP before it was passed over to the Energy Institute last year. The oil major remains a contributor.
Data Drill looks at a new analysis from the World Bank showing gas flaring is at a four-year high.
Thanks for reading,
Amanda
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New report offers sobering view of the energy transition
Every year the Statistical Review of World Energy offers a behemoth of data on the state of the global energy market. This year’s findings highlight the world’s insatiable demand for energy and the need to speed up the pace of decarbonisation.
Here are our four main takeaways from this year’s report:
Fossil fuel consumption — and emissions — are at record highs
Countries burnt record amounts of oil and coal last year, sending global fossil fuel consumption and emissions to all-time highs, the Energy Institute reported. Oil demand grew 2.6 per cent, surpassing 100mn barrels per day for the first time.
Meanwhile, the share of fossil fuels in the energy mix declined slightly by half a percentage point, but still made up more than 81 per cent of consumption.
How To Cultivate Community Affinity Throughout The Generosity JourneyAggregage
This session will dive into how to create rich generosity experiences that foster long-lasting relationships. You’ll walk away with actionable insights to redefine how you engage with your supporters — emphasizing trust, engagement, and community!
Presentation by Rebecca Sachs and Joshua Varcie, analysts in CBO’s Health Analysis Division, at the 13th Annual Conference of the American Society of Health Economists.
The Power of Community Newsletters: A Case Study from Wolverton and Greenleys...Scribe
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Dive into the success story of Wolverton and Greenleys Town Council's newsletter in this insightful webinar. Hear from Mandy Shipp and Jemma English about the newsletter's journey from its inception to becoming a vital part of their community's communication, including its history, production process, and revenue generation through advertising. Discover the reasons behind outsourcing its design and the benefits this brought. Ideal for anyone involved in community engagement or interested in starting their own newsletter.
5. WAR TIME ADMINISTRATION 1
POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION 2
INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS 3
DECOLONIZATION & INDEPENDENCE 4
SOCIAL WELFARE & VETERANS AFFAIR 5
6. WAR TIME ADMINISTRATION 1
Governments were compelled to expand
their administrative capacities to meet
the demands of wartime mobilization.
7. POST-WAR RECONSTRUCTION 2
With the
conclusion of the
war, public
administrators
faced the
monumental task
of transitioning
from wartime to
peacetime
functions.
8. INTERNATIONAL DIMENSIONS 3
The emergence of international organizations,
particularly the United Nations in 1945, brought
about new challenges and opportunities for
public administrators.
9. DECOLONIZATION & INDEPENDENCE 4
Public administrators were confronted with
the complexities of managing the
decolonization process in various regions.
10. SOCIAL WELFARE & VETERANS AFFAIR 5
The aftermath of the war saw an increased focus on
social welfare policies and the well-being of veterans.
11. CHANGING ROLE OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
The challenges of the era
prompted a reevaluation of the
role of public administration.
12. CONCLUSION
The era from 1938 to 1947 stands as a transformative
period in the history of public administration.
The challenges faced during World War II reshaped the
role of the state, led to the establishment of
international institutions, and prompted a rethinking
of administrative practices to address the evolving
needs of societies recovering from conflict.
Good morning everyone, I will be continuing our report on The third stage in the Evolution of Public Administration (1938-1947)
Which is THE ERA OF HETERODOXY & CHALLENGE
Now let me ask, What does Heterodoxy mean?
It means to diverge or differentiate from what is generally normal or accepted.
Which led to the rising of most of the challenges P.A. faced during this era……which was presented by my co reporter earlier
Why does the word CHALLENGE emphasized in this stage?
The so-called ‘principles of administration’ were challenged and dubbed ‘naturalistic fallacies’ and ‘proverbs’
Can someone define what is naturalistic fallacy, and define what is a proverb. (Let the class answer)
The cause of this dubbing was presented by my groupmate earlier. So you are familiar with HERBERT A. SIMON, in his article “The Proverbs of Administration in 1946, and its argument was further developed in his published work “Administrative Behavior” in 1947.
“This period witnessed the spectacle of Political Science not only letting Public Administration separate itself from what was then seen as the main subject, but also not fostering and encouraging its growth and development within its own field”.
Because after a while, Public administration separated from political science but still relies on political science… and This will further be explained in stage 4 by the next reporters.
Now there was this thing on public administration if it is a stand-alone science or will still be a subset of political science SINCE In the post-World War II period, the claims of Public Administration of being a science and a distinct subject or area of study from political science were questioned.
Why? Because of what I have mentioned a while back, it separated but still rely on the mother subject (POLSCI)
My coreporter presented the new generation of theorists and administrative theories which are the two perspectives that challenged the theoretical concepts of public administration.
During this era is the time of world War II.
The outbreak of World War II in 1939 significantly altered the landscape of public administration, demanding rapid and innovative responses from governments worldwide. The challenges faced during this period were diverse and multifaceted, requiring unprecedented levels of coordination, flexibility, and adaptability since peaceful times and time of war are two different things, with different problems, challenges, & solutions.
So I will be sharing the key challenges faced by public administrators during this tumultuous era and highlights the transformative effects on governance, both domestically and internationally.
(read the paper)
For the LGU employees, what is the role of your municipal administrator?
For the other agencies, what is the role/workload of the admin?
Administrators are people legally appointed to manage agencies or workplace. They are responsible for running the place.
So basically, in one word, they are IMPORTANT
During the war, administrative capacities were expanded since quick response is needed.
Kasla metlaeng nu biglaan nga adda dakkel nga trabaho tay agency tayo tapos ipa rush da pay, diba talaga nga need tayo nga I stretch ti bagbagi tayo, aramiden tayo dagijay banag uray han tay area tapnu lang malpas? That’s what happened during the war, ADMINISTRATORS were compelled to function beyond what they normally do (next slide)
(read paper)
Of course after the war, how the administration run things changed again since like what I have mentioned a while ago, peaceful times and time of war are two different things, with different problems, challenges, & solutions.
Administrators faced the challenge of adjusting from the extraneous management during the war…… to the supposed to be easier management turned into something even more extraneous one since a lot of things should be settled such as rebuilding (people, places, policies, & etc.)
(read paper)
Here comes another challenge in the sense that it is quite difficult to adjust administrative practices being followed for years in order to align with global objectives. It is again another adjustment and of course improvement for Public administration. This process also took time since it is not easy to gather all the leaders around the world. But is it worth it? Yes.
Which is why, a lot of small countries are joining peace treaties and international organization to be protected from possible harms which may cause by bigger countries. It is also an opportunity for countries to collaborate and make partnerships. Learn about the best practices of other countries when it comes to public administration. Remember that our goal nowadays is to cope and level with global standards.
The change of rule or governance is not an easy task. Remember during war that there are some countries who were colonized, take PHILIPPINES for example. There are a lot of colonizers who colonized us and take note that they differ in how they have govern the people and conduct administrative task……. Until such time for a long time that we were given INDEPENDENCE…. After that, we were able to build our own administration basing from the previous administrations of the colonizers, re-evaluated, re-constructed, the process being repeated for improvement then we have our administration in the present….. And also note that it will still keep on improving.
Developing programs, is it an easy task? Why?
How about administering these programs…. Easy or not? Why?
How about maintaining and improving programs…easy or not?
Yeah, after the war, administrations are tasked to develop various programs…. And these were intended mainly for the veterans (Soldiers who survived the war)
Why were these veterans given so much attention?
(read paper)
This reevaluation aided in identifying the needs of public administrations as well as its functions and further role……. This helped in a big way in the evolution of Public administration.
(read conclusion)
With this, we were able to highlight the resilience and adaptability of public administrators during a challenging period and underscores the enduring impact of their efforts on the subsequent development of governance structures and practices.
Do you have any questions? If none (proceed to the next slide…..Thank you for listening)
Public administration plays a pivotal role in the functioning of societies, providing essential services, implementing policies, and ensuring effective governance. However, the contemporary landscape of public administration is marked by a myriad of challenges that demand strategic and innovative solutions. This time around, we are going to discuss the key challenges facing public administration in the current era and some ways to address them.
1. Technological Disruption: Rapid technological advancements present both opportunities and challenges for public administration. The integration of emerging technologies like artificial intelligence, blockchain, and big data requires the adaptation of traditional administrative processes, ensuring data security, and upskilling the workforce to harness the benefits of innovation.
2 Governance in the Digital Age: The shift towards digital governance brings efficiency gains but introduces concerns about cybersecurity, privacy, and digital divide. Public administrators must navigate the complexities of e-governance while ensuring inclusive access to digital services and safeguarding sensitive information.
3 Globalization and Interconnected Challenges: The interconnectedness of global challenges, such as climate change, pandemics, and migration, necessitates collaborative and transnational approaches. Public administrators must work across borders to address shared issues, requiring effective international cooperation and diplomacy.
4 Demographic Shifts and Diversity: Changing demographics, including aging populations and increased cultural diversity, pose challenges in public service delivery and policymaking. Administrators must develop inclusive policies that cater to diverse needs, foster cultural competence, and bridge generational gaps within the workforce.
5 Fiscal Constraints: Public administration often faces budgetary constraints, especially in the aftermath of economic downturns or global crises. Balancing fiscal responsibility with the provision of essential services requires strategic financial management, innovative funding models, and a focus on outcomes.
After knowing the challenges we face in Public administration, the questions “what to do, what should we do, what are the things we can do”? To address these challenges.
Public administrations should proactively adopt and integrate emerging technologies, invest in training programs, and collaborate with the private sector to leverage innovative solutions for enhanced service delivery and efficiency.
Robust cybersecurity measures are imperative to safeguard sensitive information and ensure public trust in digital governance. Public administrators should invest in cybersecurity infrastructure, conduct regular assessments, and promote cybersecurity awareness.
Recognizing the global nature of contemporary challenges, public administrators should strengthen international partnerships, engage in information exchange, and contribute to collaborative efforts in addressing shared issues.
Public administrations should prioritize diversity and inclusion initiatives, ensuring representation in decision-making processes, implementing cultural competency training, and tailoring policies to meet the needs of diverse populations.
Administrators must adopt prudent financial management practices, explore innovative funding sources, and prioritize investments that yield long-term benefits. Collaboration with the private sector and leveraging public-private partnerships can help mitigate fiscal constraints.
The ERA era of challenges in public administration demands a proactive and adaptable approach to navigate the complexities of the contemporary landscape. By embracing innovation, fostering inclusivity, and strengthening collaborative efforts, public administrators can contribute to effective governance and address the multifaceted challenges that define this era.