The document provides an overview of rotating equipment, including:
1. Rotating equipment is driven by prime movers such as turbines, engines, and electric motors. Examples of rotating equipment include pumps, compressors, mixers, and generators.
2. Specific types of prime movers are discussed in more detail, including steam and gas turbines, water turbines, wind turbines, internal combustion engines, and electric motors.
3. Common types of rotating equipment that are driven include centrifugal and positive displacement pumps, compressors, agitators, mixers, and reactors. Specific examples like centrifugal pumps, screw pumps, and centrifugal compressors are also described.
The document discusses the basic components of a power plant, including compressors, cooling towers, and turbines. It provides details on the types and workings of positive displacement and rotary compressors, natural draft, mechanical draft, and hybrid draft cooling towers, and water, steam, gas, and wind turbines. The summaries explain the key components and how they function to compress air or fluids, remove heat, and convert the kinetic or potential energy of water, steam, gas, or wind into rotational motion and ultimately electricity.
Turbines convert the kinetic energy of moving fluids like water, steam, gas or air into rotational energy that can be used to drive generators and produce electricity. There are several types of turbines including steam, gas, wind and water turbines. Steam turbines use pressurized steam to power rotation, gas turbines use combustion, and water turbines use either impulse or reaction from moving water to drive the turbine blades and shaft. The rotational energy is then used to power generators and produce hydroelectric power.
Turbomachines are rotating devices that transfer energy between a fluid and a mechanical system. They are broadly classified as pumps or turbines. Pumps add energy to a fluid by absorbing power, while turbines extract energy from a fluid and produce power.
Within these categories are several types. Positive displacement pumps and turbines use volumetric traps to move fluid, while dynamic machines use rotating impellers to impart momentum. Common dynamic pumps include centrifugal, axial, and mixed-flow designs. Turbines are either impulse or reaction types.
Key examples are given like Pelton wheels for impulse turbines and Francis and Kaplan designs for reaction turbines. Applications vary by fluid handled and include uses in water, wind, steam, and
The document discusses different types of turbines used in marine vehicles. It describes turbines as devices that extract energy from fluid flow and convert it to mechanical work. The two main types of turbines used in marine vehicles are steam turbines and gas turbines. Steam turbines were previously used to drive propellers but are no longer commonly used. Gas turbines, also called combustion turbines, are now more typically used as they are similar to steam turbines but use compressed air instead of water.
Turbines can be either impulse or reaction turbines. Impulse turbines use nozzles to direct steam onto curved blades with a bucket-like shape, extracting energy from the steam's kinetic energy. Reaction turbines have fixed and moving blades, with the fixed blades acting as nozzles to increase the steam's velocity before it passes over the moving blades. Common impulse turbines include Pelton wheels, while common reaction turbines are Francis and Kaplan turbines. Turbines are highly efficient machines that convert the energy in fluids like steam or water into useful rotational work, and they are widely used in applications like power generation, ships, aircraft, and pumps.
This document discusses turbomachinery and provides classifications. It begins with definitions of turbomachines and classifications based on:
- Fluid used (liquid or gas)
- Principle of operation (dynamic action like rotodynamic machines or static action)
- Direction of energy transfer (energy extraction or energy addition)
It then discusses the basic principles and components of common turbomachines like turbines, pumps, compressors, fans and blowers. This includes descriptions of how axial and radial flow machines operate.
A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The work produced by a turbine can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator.
Turbines are the hydraulic machines which convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy.
A fluid coupling uses oil to transmit power between two shafts without a mechanical connection. It consists of a pump impeller on the driving shaft and a turbine runner on the driven shaft enclosed in a housing filled with oil. As the impeller rotates, it moves the oil through the turbine, causing it to rotate and transmit power to the driven shaft. Torque increases with impeller speed. Fluid couplings are used in automotive and aircraft transmissions as well as diesel locomotives.
The document discusses the basic components of a power plant, including compressors, cooling towers, and turbines. It provides details on the types and workings of positive displacement and rotary compressors, natural draft, mechanical draft, and hybrid draft cooling towers, and water, steam, gas, and wind turbines. The summaries explain the key components and how they function to compress air or fluids, remove heat, and convert the kinetic or potential energy of water, steam, gas, or wind into rotational motion and ultimately electricity.
Turbines convert the kinetic energy of moving fluids like water, steam, gas or air into rotational energy that can be used to drive generators and produce electricity. There are several types of turbines including steam, gas, wind and water turbines. Steam turbines use pressurized steam to power rotation, gas turbines use combustion, and water turbines use either impulse or reaction from moving water to drive the turbine blades and shaft. The rotational energy is then used to power generators and produce hydroelectric power.
Turbomachines are rotating devices that transfer energy between a fluid and a mechanical system. They are broadly classified as pumps or turbines. Pumps add energy to a fluid by absorbing power, while turbines extract energy from a fluid and produce power.
Within these categories are several types. Positive displacement pumps and turbines use volumetric traps to move fluid, while dynamic machines use rotating impellers to impart momentum. Common dynamic pumps include centrifugal, axial, and mixed-flow designs. Turbines are either impulse or reaction types.
Key examples are given like Pelton wheels for impulse turbines and Francis and Kaplan designs for reaction turbines. Applications vary by fluid handled and include uses in water, wind, steam, and
The document discusses different types of turbines used in marine vehicles. It describes turbines as devices that extract energy from fluid flow and convert it to mechanical work. The two main types of turbines used in marine vehicles are steam turbines and gas turbines. Steam turbines were previously used to drive propellers but are no longer commonly used. Gas turbines, also called combustion turbines, are now more typically used as they are similar to steam turbines but use compressed air instead of water.
Turbines can be either impulse or reaction turbines. Impulse turbines use nozzles to direct steam onto curved blades with a bucket-like shape, extracting energy from the steam's kinetic energy. Reaction turbines have fixed and moving blades, with the fixed blades acting as nozzles to increase the steam's velocity before it passes over the moving blades. Common impulse turbines include Pelton wheels, while common reaction turbines are Francis and Kaplan turbines. Turbines are highly efficient machines that convert the energy in fluids like steam or water into useful rotational work, and they are widely used in applications like power generation, ships, aircraft, and pumps.
This document discusses turbomachinery and provides classifications. It begins with definitions of turbomachines and classifications based on:
- Fluid used (liquid or gas)
- Principle of operation (dynamic action like rotodynamic machines or static action)
- Direction of energy transfer (energy extraction or energy addition)
It then discusses the basic principles and components of common turbomachines like turbines, pumps, compressors, fans and blowers. This includes descriptions of how axial and radial flow machines operate.
A turbine is a rotary mechanical device that extracts energy from a fluid flow and converts it into useful work. The work produced by a turbine can be used for generating electrical power when combined with a generator.
Turbines are the hydraulic machines which convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy.
A fluid coupling uses oil to transmit power between two shafts without a mechanical connection. It consists of a pump impeller on the driving shaft and a turbine runner on the driven shaft enclosed in a housing filled with oil. As the impeller rotates, it moves the oil through the turbine, causing it to rotate and transmit power to the driven shaft. Torque increases with impeller speed. Fluid couplings are used in automotive and aircraft transmissions as well as diesel locomotives.
1. A gas turbine uses a gaseous working fluid that is compressed in a compressor, heated in a combustion chamber, and expanded through a turbine to produce mechanical power.
2. Early gas turbines had low efficiency but could start quickly, so they were used to provide peak power loads. Improved materials and cooling techniques have increased efficiency over time.
3. The ideal gas turbine cycle is known as the Joule-Brayton cycle and consists of isentropic compression, constant pressure heating, isentropic expansion, and isobaric closure back to the initial state.
This document summarizes types of turbines including impulse turbines like Pelton and cross-flow turbines as well as reaction turbines like Kaplan and Francis turbines. It discusses the working principles and applications of different turbine types for water, steam, gas, and wind. Advantages include clean renewable energy generation while disadvantages include noise, visual pollution, and potential environmental impacts.
This document discusses pumps and turbines as energy conversion devices. It begins by defining key terms like head, power, and efficiency as they relate to pumps and turbines. It then describes the main types of pumps and turbines, distinguishing between impulse and reaction turbines, and positive-displacement and dynamic pumps like centrifugal pumps. The document outlines how to determine the duty point by matching pump and system characteristics. It also discusses hydraulic scaling laws for relating pump performance at different speeds. Finally, it provides an overview of common pump and turbine designs and the problem of cavitation.
This document discusses pumps and turbines as energy conversion devices. It begins by defining key terms like head, power, and efficiency as they relate to pumps and turbines. It then describes the main types of pumps and turbines, distinguishing between impulse and reaction turbines, and positive-displacement and dynamic pumps like centrifugal pumps. The document outlines how to determine the duty point by matching pump and system characteristics. It also discusses hydraulic scaling laws for relating pump performance at different speeds. Finally, it provides an overview of common pump and turbine designs and the problem of cavitation.
A turbine is a machine that converts kinetic energy or pressure from fluids like water, steam, gas or air into rotational motion. There are different types of turbines including impulse turbines like Pelton and cross-flow turbines which use kinetic energy, and reaction turbines like Francis and Kaplan which use pressure changes. Advanced cycles have been developed for gas turbines like wet compression, steam injection and combined cycles to improve efficiency. Nano-turbines have also been designed but have much lower efficiencies than macro-scale turbines due to effects like water slippage and flow disruption at the nanoscale.
Turbines and recipocating pumps and miscellaneous hydraulic machinesMohit Yadav
This document provides information about various topics related to hydraulic machines covered in a fluid mechanics project. It includes 3 sections: turbines, centrifugal pumps, and reciprocating pumps. For turbines, it discusses the basic working principles and types of turbines such as Pelton, Kaplan, and Francis turbines. It provides details on the components and working of each turbine. For centrifugal pumps, it explains the working principle and components like impeller, casing, and discusses concepts such as priming. It also includes the velocity triangle and equations for work done.
1. The document discusses steam turbines, including their basic definition and classification as either impulse or reaction turbines. It describes the key components and operating principles of each type.
2. Compounding is discussed as a way to reduce the extremely high rotational speeds of impulse turbines by expanding steam in multiple stages. The three main types of compounding are described.
3. The document outlines some of the main advantages of steam turbines, including their higher thermal efficiency compared to steam engines. Uniform power output and lack of initial condensation losses are also cited as advantages.
Compressor and types of compressors (Thermodynamics)Hasnain Yaseen
This document provides information about different types of compressors used in thermodynamics. It discusses dynamic compressors like centrifugal and axial compressors. It also discusses positive displacement compressors like rotary, reciprocating, and scroll compressors. It describes the working principles, applications, and types of each compressor in 1-3 sentences per section. The document is an assignment on compressors for a thermodynamics lab class. It includes sections on centrifugal compressors, axial compressors, rotary compressors like screw and vane compressors, reciprocating compressors, and multi-stage centrifugal compressors.
Hydraulic machines use liquid flow to transfer mechanical energy between the liquid and a rotating component. There are two main types: hydraulic turbines, where the rotating component receives energy from the liquid flow; and pumps, where energy is transferred from the rotating component to the liquid. Common hydraulic turbines include impulse turbines like the Pelton wheel, which use jet momentum changes, and reaction turbines like the Francis turbine, where pressure and kinetic energy changes drive the rotating runner. Turbines are classified based on factors such as the type of energy used, direction of liquid flow, operating head, and specific speed. Hydraulic power plants typically include a dam, penstock, water turbine, and tailrace to harness potential and kinetic energy of water
The document discusses turbomachines and defines them as devices that transfer energy between a flowing fluid and rotating elements through dynamic action. It provides three key points:
1) Turbomachines include turbines and compressors/pumps that are used widely in power generation, aircraft propulsion, and vehicular propulsion.
2) The principal components of a turbomachine are a rotating element carrying vanes, stationary guide vanes, an input/output shaft, and sometimes a housing.
3) Turbomachines are categorized based on fluid flow direction as axial, radial, or mixed flow. Examples of each type are provided.
This document discusses water turbines used in hydroelectric power plants. It defines key terms like specific energy, gross head, gross specific hydraulic energy, and gross power. It also describes different types of turbines like impulse turbines (Pelton, Turgo) and reaction turbines (Francis, Kaplan, Bulb) and compares their characteristics. It discusses concepts like specific speed, speed number, unit and specific quantities that are used to classify and select turbines based on factors like head, rotational speed, efficiency and more. It also provides examples of problems calculating speed number, specific speed and selecting the suitable turbine type.
This document is a vocational training project report submitted by JINENDRA NINAMA about their training at the NTPC SIPAT coal fired steam power plant from June 2-28, 2014. The report includes declarations by the student, acknowledgments, and details about the Sipat Thermal Power Plant. It also includes simplified diagrams and descriptions of the key components of the coal fired steam power plant, including the cooling tower, transmission lines, generator, steam turbine, condenser, feedwater pumps, control valves, deaerator, feedwater heaters, pulverizer, boiler steam drum, superheater, and economizer.
This document provides an overview of hydraulics and pneumatics. It discusses various pumps and turbines used in hydraulics like centrifugal pumps, reciprocating pumps, and turbines like Pelton wheel, Francis, and Kaplan turbines. It also covers the basic components of hydraulic and pneumatic systems like reservoirs, pumps, valves, filters, seals, pipes, and actuators. Additionally, it compares hydraulic and pneumatic systems, discusses properties of hydraulic oil and different types of seals used. The document is a study material for a 4th semester mechanical engineering student covering important concepts in hydraulics and pneumatics.
The document discusses centrifugal compressors. It begins with an introduction to air compressors in general, then describes the two main types: positive-displacement and dynamic-displacement. It focuses on centrifugal compressors, which use a rotating impeller to impart kinetic energy to air and compress it. The key components of a centrifugal compressor are the inlet, impeller, diffuser, and collector. Centrifugal compressors are commonly used in applications like gas turbines, turbochargers, pipelines, and HVAC due to benefits like fewer parts and higher efficiency compared to reciprocating compressors. However, they have a lower maximum compression ratio than reciprocating compressors.
This document discusses different types of turbines used to generate electricity. It describes turbines that use water, steam, gas, and wind to power a generator via a rotating shaft. The main parts of a turbine are identified as the nozzle, runner, blades, and casing. Water turbines are classified based on the type of energy, flow direction, head, and specific speed. Steam turbines are classified based on steam action, flow direction, exhaust conditions, and pressure. Gas turbines are classified based on the path and process of the working fluid. Wind turbines include horizontal and vertical axis designs. Turbines have applications in power generation, industrial processes, and driving pumps and compressors.
This document provides an overview of different types of turbines used for energy conversion. It discusses steam turbines, which are used in power plants to convert the energy of high pressure steam into mechanical power. It describes impulse and reaction steam turbines and examples of each. It also discusses gas turbines, which produce pressurized gas by burning fuel and use the high-speed rush of hot air to spin a turbine, and are used to produce large quantities of power compactly. Finally, it briefly mentions wind turbines which similarly convert the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical power.
This document summarizes Uphaar Prasad's two-week vocational training project at the NTPC Sipat coal fired steam power plant. It includes a declaration by the student, acknowledgements, and a simplified diagram explaining the main components of the power plant, including the cooling tower, transmission lines and transformer, electric generator, steam turbine, condenser, boiler feedwater pump, control valves, and boiler. The power plant has a total installed capacity of 2980 MW divided between units of 660 MW and 500 MW.
This document provides information about different types of air compressors. It begins with an introduction to air compressors in general, then classifies them based on their working principles, number of stages, piston action, number of cylinders, pressure ratio, and cooling method. It defines key terminology used in air compressors. It then describes the workings and applications of three main types of air compressors: reciprocating compressors, centrifugal compressors, and axial compressors. It concludes by listing references used to compile the information.
Turbines extract energy from moving fluids and convert it to rotational energy. The main types are water, steam, gas, and wind turbines. Water turbines include impulse turbines like Pelton and cross-flow, which use jet velocity, and reaction turbines like Francis and Kaplan, which use changing fluid pressure. Steam turbines convert thermal energy from pressurized steam. Gas turbines power aircraft and generators using combustion. Wind turbines have rotors to capture kinetic wind energy and generators to produce electricity. Turbines are used widely in power generation and industrial applications.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
1. A gas turbine uses a gaseous working fluid that is compressed in a compressor, heated in a combustion chamber, and expanded through a turbine to produce mechanical power.
2. Early gas turbines had low efficiency but could start quickly, so they were used to provide peak power loads. Improved materials and cooling techniques have increased efficiency over time.
3. The ideal gas turbine cycle is known as the Joule-Brayton cycle and consists of isentropic compression, constant pressure heating, isentropic expansion, and isobaric closure back to the initial state.
This document summarizes types of turbines including impulse turbines like Pelton and cross-flow turbines as well as reaction turbines like Kaplan and Francis turbines. It discusses the working principles and applications of different turbine types for water, steam, gas, and wind. Advantages include clean renewable energy generation while disadvantages include noise, visual pollution, and potential environmental impacts.
This document discusses pumps and turbines as energy conversion devices. It begins by defining key terms like head, power, and efficiency as they relate to pumps and turbines. It then describes the main types of pumps and turbines, distinguishing between impulse and reaction turbines, and positive-displacement and dynamic pumps like centrifugal pumps. The document outlines how to determine the duty point by matching pump and system characteristics. It also discusses hydraulic scaling laws for relating pump performance at different speeds. Finally, it provides an overview of common pump and turbine designs and the problem of cavitation.
This document discusses pumps and turbines as energy conversion devices. It begins by defining key terms like head, power, and efficiency as they relate to pumps and turbines. It then describes the main types of pumps and turbines, distinguishing between impulse and reaction turbines, and positive-displacement and dynamic pumps like centrifugal pumps. The document outlines how to determine the duty point by matching pump and system characteristics. It also discusses hydraulic scaling laws for relating pump performance at different speeds. Finally, it provides an overview of common pump and turbine designs and the problem of cavitation.
A turbine is a machine that converts kinetic energy or pressure from fluids like water, steam, gas or air into rotational motion. There are different types of turbines including impulse turbines like Pelton and cross-flow turbines which use kinetic energy, and reaction turbines like Francis and Kaplan which use pressure changes. Advanced cycles have been developed for gas turbines like wet compression, steam injection and combined cycles to improve efficiency. Nano-turbines have also been designed but have much lower efficiencies than macro-scale turbines due to effects like water slippage and flow disruption at the nanoscale.
Turbines and recipocating pumps and miscellaneous hydraulic machinesMohit Yadav
This document provides information about various topics related to hydraulic machines covered in a fluid mechanics project. It includes 3 sections: turbines, centrifugal pumps, and reciprocating pumps. For turbines, it discusses the basic working principles and types of turbines such as Pelton, Kaplan, and Francis turbines. It provides details on the components and working of each turbine. For centrifugal pumps, it explains the working principle and components like impeller, casing, and discusses concepts such as priming. It also includes the velocity triangle and equations for work done.
1. The document discusses steam turbines, including their basic definition and classification as either impulse or reaction turbines. It describes the key components and operating principles of each type.
2. Compounding is discussed as a way to reduce the extremely high rotational speeds of impulse turbines by expanding steam in multiple stages. The three main types of compounding are described.
3. The document outlines some of the main advantages of steam turbines, including their higher thermal efficiency compared to steam engines. Uniform power output and lack of initial condensation losses are also cited as advantages.
Compressor and types of compressors (Thermodynamics)Hasnain Yaseen
This document provides information about different types of compressors used in thermodynamics. It discusses dynamic compressors like centrifugal and axial compressors. It also discusses positive displacement compressors like rotary, reciprocating, and scroll compressors. It describes the working principles, applications, and types of each compressor in 1-3 sentences per section. The document is an assignment on compressors for a thermodynamics lab class. It includes sections on centrifugal compressors, axial compressors, rotary compressors like screw and vane compressors, reciprocating compressors, and multi-stage centrifugal compressors.
Hydraulic machines use liquid flow to transfer mechanical energy between the liquid and a rotating component. There are two main types: hydraulic turbines, where the rotating component receives energy from the liquid flow; and pumps, where energy is transferred from the rotating component to the liquid. Common hydraulic turbines include impulse turbines like the Pelton wheel, which use jet momentum changes, and reaction turbines like the Francis turbine, where pressure and kinetic energy changes drive the rotating runner. Turbines are classified based on factors such as the type of energy used, direction of liquid flow, operating head, and specific speed. Hydraulic power plants typically include a dam, penstock, water turbine, and tailrace to harness potential and kinetic energy of water
The document discusses turbomachines and defines them as devices that transfer energy between a flowing fluid and rotating elements through dynamic action. It provides three key points:
1) Turbomachines include turbines and compressors/pumps that are used widely in power generation, aircraft propulsion, and vehicular propulsion.
2) The principal components of a turbomachine are a rotating element carrying vanes, stationary guide vanes, an input/output shaft, and sometimes a housing.
3) Turbomachines are categorized based on fluid flow direction as axial, radial, or mixed flow. Examples of each type are provided.
This document discusses water turbines used in hydroelectric power plants. It defines key terms like specific energy, gross head, gross specific hydraulic energy, and gross power. It also describes different types of turbines like impulse turbines (Pelton, Turgo) and reaction turbines (Francis, Kaplan, Bulb) and compares their characteristics. It discusses concepts like specific speed, speed number, unit and specific quantities that are used to classify and select turbines based on factors like head, rotational speed, efficiency and more. It also provides examples of problems calculating speed number, specific speed and selecting the suitable turbine type.
This document is a vocational training project report submitted by JINENDRA NINAMA about their training at the NTPC SIPAT coal fired steam power plant from June 2-28, 2014. The report includes declarations by the student, acknowledgments, and details about the Sipat Thermal Power Plant. It also includes simplified diagrams and descriptions of the key components of the coal fired steam power plant, including the cooling tower, transmission lines, generator, steam turbine, condenser, feedwater pumps, control valves, deaerator, feedwater heaters, pulverizer, boiler steam drum, superheater, and economizer.
This document provides an overview of hydraulics and pneumatics. It discusses various pumps and turbines used in hydraulics like centrifugal pumps, reciprocating pumps, and turbines like Pelton wheel, Francis, and Kaplan turbines. It also covers the basic components of hydraulic and pneumatic systems like reservoirs, pumps, valves, filters, seals, pipes, and actuators. Additionally, it compares hydraulic and pneumatic systems, discusses properties of hydraulic oil and different types of seals used. The document is a study material for a 4th semester mechanical engineering student covering important concepts in hydraulics and pneumatics.
The document discusses centrifugal compressors. It begins with an introduction to air compressors in general, then describes the two main types: positive-displacement and dynamic-displacement. It focuses on centrifugal compressors, which use a rotating impeller to impart kinetic energy to air and compress it. The key components of a centrifugal compressor are the inlet, impeller, diffuser, and collector. Centrifugal compressors are commonly used in applications like gas turbines, turbochargers, pipelines, and HVAC due to benefits like fewer parts and higher efficiency compared to reciprocating compressors. However, they have a lower maximum compression ratio than reciprocating compressors.
This document discusses different types of turbines used to generate electricity. It describes turbines that use water, steam, gas, and wind to power a generator via a rotating shaft. The main parts of a turbine are identified as the nozzle, runner, blades, and casing. Water turbines are classified based on the type of energy, flow direction, head, and specific speed. Steam turbines are classified based on steam action, flow direction, exhaust conditions, and pressure. Gas turbines are classified based on the path and process of the working fluid. Wind turbines include horizontal and vertical axis designs. Turbines have applications in power generation, industrial processes, and driving pumps and compressors.
This document provides an overview of different types of turbines used for energy conversion. It discusses steam turbines, which are used in power plants to convert the energy of high pressure steam into mechanical power. It describes impulse and reaction steam turbines and examples of each. It also discusses gas turbines, which produce pressurized gas by burning fuel and use the high-speed rush of hot air to spin a turbine, and are used to produce large quantities of power compactly. Finally, it briefly mentions wind turbines which similarly convert the kinetic energy of wind into mechanical power.
This document summarizes Uphaar Prasad's two-week vocational training project at the NTPC Sipat coal fired steam power plant. It includes a declaration by the student, acknowledgements, and a simplified diagram explaining the main components of the power plant, including the cooling tower, transmission lines and transformer, electric generator, steam turbine, condenser, boiler feedwater pump, control valves, and boiler. The power plant has a total installed capacity of 2980 MW divided between units of 660 MW and 500 MW.
This document provides information about different types of air compressors. It begins with an introduction to air compressors in general, then classifies them based on their working principles, number of stages, piston action, number of cylinders, pressure ratio, and cooling method. It defines key terminology used in air compressors. It then describes the workings and applications of three main types of air compressors: reciprocating compressors, centrifugal compressors, and axial compressors. It concludes by listing references used to compile the information.
Turbines extract energy from moving fluids and convert it to rotational energy. The main types are water, steam, gas, and wind turbines. Water turbines include impulse turbines like Pelton and cross-flow, which use jet velocity, and reaction turbines like Francis and Kaplan, which use changing fluid pressure. Steam turbines convert thermal energy from pressurized steam. Gas turbines power aircraft and generators using combustion. Wind turbines have rotors to capture kinetic wind energy and generators to produce electricity. Turbines are used widely in power generation and industrial applications.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapte...University of Maribor
Slides from talk presenting:
Aleš Zamuda: Presentation of IEEE Slovenia CIS (Computational Intelligence Society) Chapter and Networking.
Presentation at IcETRAN 2024 session:
"Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS
Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation"
IEEE Slovenia GRSS
IEEE Serbia and Montenegro MTT-S
IEEE Slovenia CIS
11TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ELECTRICAL, ELECTRONIC AND COMPUTING ENGINEERING
3-6 June 2024, Niš, Serbia
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...IJECEIAES
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.