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Epistaxis.pptx bleeding through nose know the treatment
- 1. Epistaxis Prepared by -Dr. Mayura Jadhav
- 2. 08/14/2024 Prepared by -Dr. Mayura Jadhav 2 Introduction Epistaxis also called acute hemorrhage or nose bleed It is a medical condition in which bleeding occurs from the nasal cavity of the nostril. More common in male than female.
- 3. 08/14/2024 Prepared by -Dr. Mayura Jadhav 3 Causes of epistaxis Hematological:- 1. Thrombocytopenia:- leukemia, aplastic anemia 2. Qualitative platelet defect:- Glanzmann’s thrombosthenia, von willebrand’s disease etc. 3. Coagulation disorder:- hemophilia, afibrinogenemia etc. 4. Miscellaneous:- hypersplenism, vit B12 deficiency, chronic liver disease etc.
- 4. 08/14/2024 Prepared by -Dr. Mayura Jadhav 4 Causes of epistaxis Nasal diseases:- 1. Trauma 2. Tumor 3. Rhinitis 4. Diptheria 5. Sinusitis 6. Squamous cell carcinoma 7. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
- 5. 08/14/2024 Prepared by -Dr. Mayura Jadhav 5 Causes of epistaxis Systemic diseases:- 1. Infective fever- typhoid, malaria, measles, viral infection etc. 2. Hypertension 3. High altitude 4. Collagen diseases 5. Anticoagulant medications
- 6. 08/14/2024 Prepared by -Dr. Mayura Jadhav 6 Pathophysiology of Epistaxis The nasal mucosa contains a rich blood supply that can be easily ruptured and cause bleeding. Rupture may be spontaneous or initiated by trauma. Bleeding may occure through anterior or posterior part of nose. Anterior bleed:- The vast majority of nose bleeds occur in the anterior part of the nose from the nasal septum. This area is richly endowed with blood vessels (Kiesselbach’s plexus). This region is also known as Little’s area.
- 7. 08/14/2024 Prepared by -Dr. Mayura Jadhav 7 Pathophysiology of Epistaxis posterior bleed- It is usually due to bleeding from Woodruff’s plexus, a venous plexus situated in the posterior part of inferior meatus. Posterior bleeds are often prolonged and difficult to control. They can be associated with bleeding from both nostrils and with a greater flow of blood into the mouth
- 8. 08/14/2024 Prepared by -Dr. Mayura Jadhav 8 Initial Management of Epistaxis 1. Relax 2. Sit down and lean body and head slightly forward. This will keep the blood from running down the throat. (Do NOT lay flat or put head between the legs.) 3. Breathe through mouth. 4. Use a tissue or damp washcloth to catch the blood. 5. Use thumb and index finger to pinch together the soft part of nose against the hard bony ridge.
- 9. 08/14/2024 Prepared by -Dr. Mayura Jadhav 9 Initial Management of Epistaxis 6. Keep pinching nose continuously for at least 5 minutes. 7. If nose is still bleeding, continue squeezing the nose for another 10 minutes. 8. You can spray an decongestant spray such as oxymetazoline into the bleeding side of the nose and then apply pressure to the nose as described above. 9. Once the bleeding stops, DO NOT bend over; strain and/or lift anything heavy; and DO NOT blow, rub, or pick your nose for several days.
- 10. 08/14/2024 Prepared by -Dr. Mayura Jadhav 10 Management according to cause Cauterization:- The application of a chemical substance (silver nitrate) or heat energy (electrocautery) to seal the bleeding blood vessel. Nasal packing:- The placement of strips of gauze into the nasal cavity to create pressure on the bleeding site. Alternately, other materials that promote clotting may be used. Medications:- Reducing or stopping the amount of blood thinning medications can be helpful. In addition, medications for controlling blood pressure may be necessary.
- 11. 08/14/2024 Prepared by -Dr. Mayura Jadhav 11 Management according to cause Surgery:- vessels ligation, tumor removal, intra-arterial embolisation can be performed as per need. Foreign body removal. Repair of nasal fracture. Correction of a deviated septum
- 12. 08/14/2024 Prepared by -Dr. Mayura Jadhav 12 Precaution DO NOT bend over DO NOT strain and/or lift anything heavy DO NOT blow, rub, or pick your nose for several days. Keep nasal mucosa moisturized.
- 13. 08/14/2024 Prepared by -Dr. Mayura Jadhav 13