This document discusses entrepreneurship education as a way to advance Nigeria's economy and technology. It argues that entrepreneurship education should be compulsory from secondary school onward. The document provides background on the evolution of management education in Nigeria over time. It also defines entrepreneurship and discusses how entrepreneurship education aims to develop skills for job creation rather than seeking. The document concludes that entrepreneurship and technological advancement are intertwined and that promoting entrepreneurship education can help address Nigeria's unemployment and economic issues.
Effects of distance education on the businesses of entrepreneurial students o...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a survey of 165 entrepreneurial students at the Distance Learning Institute of the University of Lagos who were running businesses. The majority were studying Business Administration and were in their second, third, or fifth years of study. Over half of respondents were male. Most businesses were in trading, manufacturing, hotels, travel, restaurants, or running schools. The majority of businesses were single ownership ventures. Respondents reported that their DLI studies had a positive impact on their businesses, especially in areas of marketing, personnel management, and finance management. Most respondents chose distance education over full-time education and would recommend it to other entrepreneurs.
Graduate unemployment in nigeria entrepreneurship and venture capital nexusAlexander Decker
This document discusses graduate unemployment in Nigeria and proposes ways to address it through entrepreneurship and venture capital. It begins by outlining the high rates of unemployment in Nigeria, including graduate unemployment which accounts for 32% of total unemployment. It then advocates for establishing a venture capital bank to provide loans to unemployed graduates with business ideas to encourage entrepreneurship. Finally, it recommends that universities update their curricula to reflect employer needs and that the government improve infrastructure to support private sector growth and job creation.
Promoting Economic Security and Employment Generation through Effective Manag...iosrjce
This paper focused on promoting economic security and employment generation through effective
management of education and entrepreneurial skills in Nigeria. Highlighted in the paper were some means
through which economic security, employment generation and entrepreneurial skills could be enhanced for
students in tertiary institutions. The definition of some terms was outlined. Further discussed in the paper were:
the importance of developing entrepreneurial skills curriculum in education; managing education through
effective utilization of entrepreneurship education for promotion of economic security and employment
generation; and the challenges affecting effective utilization of entrepreneurship education for promotion of
economic security and employment generation. Some recommendations were proffered towards managing
education through effective utilization of entrepreneurship education as means for promoting economic and
employment generation. Among such recommendations included: education stakeholders and government
should ensure adequate funding of education; and effective propagation and utilization of entrepreneurship
education into the school curricular. This should be done throughout all the levels of education from basic
education, secondary education and higher education in order to inculcate into individuals entrepreneurial
skills that will promote economic security and employment generation.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIAIJM Journal
A number of policy intermediations in Nigeria that were targeted at inspiring and stimulating entrepreneurship development through small and medium scale enterprises have botched. In its place of creating in-country entrepreneurial capacity, entrepreneurs have been converted and become distribution agents of imported goods. This paper argues the development of entrepreneurship and stressed that it has been instrumental in economic growth, balanced regional development and job creation in most vibrant economies, where technology is changing at a faster rate and the product lifetime cycle is dwindling. This paper also looks at Nigeria’s growing unemployment situation and how it increasingly deteriorates the potentials of the country. It emphasizes the prominence and significance of entrepreneurship as realistic machinery for sustainable economic growth and employment generation in Nigeria seeing the experiences of developed nations like Australia, the United States and vibrant economies like China and India.
Promoting graduates’ interest in small business entrepreneurship in gboko loc...Alexander Decker
This document discusses promoting graduates' interest in small business entrepreneurship in Gboko Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. It aims to determine this interest and the level of promotion for careers in small business. The study uses surveys of 30 graduates who participated in an entrepreneurship workshop. The findings show graduates are interested in businesses like fashion design, welding, and hairdressing. Establishing small businesses depends on factors like entrepreneurship training and access to startup capital. The document recommends the government create an enabling environment to encourage graduates to start their own small businesses.
A Unique Training Methodology of RUDSETIs in Promoting Self Employment among ...iosrjce
Training programs with emphasis on practical learning, targeted at the unemployed youth, who
make a proactive beginning to learn the chosen-skill, play a crucial role in their skills and economic
development. Such skill (technical) trainings, offered as a capsule, along with and adequate focus on
motivational, managerial and financial literacy inputs bring the desired change in the unemployed youth which
reflects in their taking up self-employment ventures for their own economic prosperity and their respective areas
as well. The very fact was proved beyond doubt by the establishment and spread of Rural Development and Self
Employment Training Institutes (RUDSETIs) in 1982 and thereafter in select locations across the country. The
success of the model culminated in replication of it with the name Rural Self Employment Training Institutes
(RSETIs) across India at the behest of Government of India with the support of respective State Governments.
This vividly tells that the qualitative short-term crash training courses (Entrepreneurship Development
Programs-EDPs) of these RUDSETIs, ranging from one week to six weeks’ duration, offered under a congenial
learning ambience leads to rich value-addition among the unemployed youth which results in their going back
to their respective areas after the training with high self-confidence and starting small business enterprises
either on their own or with some bank finance. While the paper examines, in general, the role being played by
the RUDSETIs with their unique training methodology in promoting self-employment among the unemployed
youth, it does so, in particular, to understand in detail the activities of one of its units located at Vetapalem (now
shifted to Ongole) in Prakasam District of Andhra Pradesh, India.
1. Human capital formation refers to increasing the productive qualities of a country's labor force through education, skills training, health care, and other means.
2. Key factors that influence human capital formation in Pakistan include low literacy rates, lack of on-the-job training, insufficient health and nutrition levels, and inadequate basic infrastructure and services.
3. Improving human capital formation is important for Pakistan's economic development as it can increase labor productivity and utilization of resources, promote technological advancement, boost industrial performance, and reduce poverty and unemployment. However, challenges to human capital formation in Pakistan include rapid population growth, unequal access to education, and lack of awareness about its benefits.
The document discusses human capital formation in India. It defines human capital formation as acquiring skills, education, and experience to increase economic and political development. Sources of human capital formation include expenditures on education, health, on-the-job training, migration, and information. While human capital growth in India has been fast, economic growth has not increased at the same rate due to challenges like high population growth, poverty, and low education quality. Further investments in education and health are needed to fully realize gains from India's demographic dividend.
Effects of distance education on the businesses of entrepreneurial students o...Alexander Decker
This document discusses a survey of 165 entrepreneurial students at the Distance Learning Institute of the University of Lagos who were running businesses. The majority were studying Business Administration and were in their second, third, or fifth years of study. Over half of respondents were male. Most businesses were in trading, manufacturing, hotels, travel, restaurants, or running schools. The majority of businesses were single ownership ventures. Respondents reported that their DLI studies had a positive impact on their businesses, especially in areas of marketing, personnel management, and finance management. Most respondents chose distance education over full-time education and would recommend it to other entrepreneurs.
Graduate unemployment in nigeria entrepreneurship and venture capital nexusAlexander Decker
This document discusses graduate unemployment in Nigeria and proposes ways to address it through entrepreneurship and venture capital. It begins by outlining the high rates of unemployment in Nigeria, including graduate unemployment which accounts for 32% of total unemployment. It then advocates for establishing a venture capital bank to provide loans to unemployed graduates with business ideas to encourage entrepreneurship. Finally, it recommends that universities update their curricula to reflect employer needs and that the government improve infrastructure to support private sector growth and job creation.
Promoting Economic Security and Employment Generation through Effective Manag...iosrjce
This paper focused on promoting economic security and employment generation through effective
management of education and entrepreneurial skills in Nigeria. Highlighted in the paper were some means
through which economic security, employment generation and entrepreneurial skills could be enhanced for
students in tertiary institutions. The definition of some terms was outlined. Further discussed in the paper were:
the importance of developing entrepreneurial skills curriculum in education; managing education through
effective utilization of entrepreneurship education for promotion of economic security and employment
generation; and the challenges affecting effective utilization of entrepreneurship education for promotion of
economic security and employment generation. Some recommendations were proffered towards managing
education through effective utilization of entrepreneurship education as means for promoting economic and
employment generation. Among such recommendations included: education stakeholders and government
should ensure adequate funding of education; and effective propagation and utilization of entrepreneurship
education into the school curricular. This should be done throughout all the levels of education from basic
education, secondary education and higher education in order to inculcate into individuals entrepreneurial
skills that will promote economic security and employment generation.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT AND UNEMPLOYMENT IN NIGERIAIJM Journal
A number of policy intermediations in Nigeria that were targeted at inspiring and stimulating entrepreneurship development through small and medium scale enterprises have botched. In its place of creating in-country entrepreneurial capacity, entrepreneurs have been converted and become distribution agents of imported goods. This paper argues the development of entrepreneurship and stressed that it has been instrumental in economic growth, balanced regional development and job creation in most vibrant economies, where technology is changing at a faster rate and the product lifetime cycle is dwindling. This paper also looks at Nigeria’s growing unemployment situation and how it increasingly deteriorates the potentials of the country. It emphasizes the prominence and significance of entrepreneurship as realistic machinery for sustainable economic growth and employment generation in Nigeria seeing the experiences of developed nations like Australia, the United States and vibrant economies like China and India.
Promoting graduates’ interest in small business entrepreneurship in gboko loc...Alexander Decker
This document discusses promoting graduates' interest in small business entrepreneurship in Gboko Local Government Area of Benue State, Nigeria. It aims to determine this interest and the level of promotion for careers in small business. The study uses surveys of 30 graduates who participated in an entrepreneurship workshop. The findings show graduates are interested in businesses like fashion design, welding, and hairdressing. Establishing small businesses depends on factors like entrepreneurship training and access to startup capital. The document recommends the government create an enabling environment to encourage graduates to start their own small businesses.
A Unique Training Methodology of RUDSETIs in Promoting Self Employment among ...iosrjce
Training programs with emphasis on practical learning, targeted at the unemployed youth, who
make a proactive beginning to learn the chosen-skill, play a crucial role in their skills and economic
development. Such skill (technical) trainings, offered as a capsule, along with and adequate focus on
motivational, managerial and financial literacy inputs bring the desired change in the unemployed youth which
reflects in their taking up self-employment ventures for their own economic prosperity and their respective areas
as well. The very fact was proved beyond doubt by the establishment and spread of Rural Development and Self
Employment Training Institutes (RUDSETIs) in 1982 and thereafter in select locations across the country. The
success of the model culminated in replication of it with the name Rural Self Employment Training Institutes
(RSETIs) across India at the behest of Government of India with the support of respective State Governments.
This vividly tells that the qualitative short-term crash training courses (Entrepreneurship Development
Programs-EDPs) of these RUDSETIs, ranging from one week to six weeks’ duration, offered under a congenial
learning ambience leads to rich value-addition among the unemployed youth which results in their going back
to their respective areas after the training with high self-confidence and starting small business enterprises
either on their own or with some bank finance. While the paper examines, in general, the role being played by
the RUDSETIs with their unique training methodology in promoting self-employment among the unemployed
youth, it does so, in particular, to understand in detail the activities of one of its units located at Vetapalem (now
shifted to Ongole) in Prakasam District of Andhra Pradesh, India.
1. Human capital formation refers to increasing the productive qualities of a country's labor force through education, skills training, health care, and other means.
2. Key factors that influence human capital formation in Pakistan include low literacy rates, lack of on-the-job training, insufficient health and nutrition levels, and inadequate basic infrastructure and services.
3. Improving human capital formation is important for Pakistan's economic development as it can increase labor productivity and utilization of resources, promote technological advancement, boost industrial performance, and reduce poverty and unemployment. However, challenges to human capital formation in Pakistan include rapid population growth, unequal access to education, and lack of awareness about its benefits.
The document discusses human capital formation in India. It defines human capital formation as acquiring skills, education, and experience to increase economic and political development. Sources of human capital formation include expenditures on education, health, on-the-job training, migration, and information. While human capital growth in India has been fast, economic growth has not increased at the same rate due to challenges like high population growth, poverty, and low education quality. Further investments in education and health are needed to fully realize gains from India's demographic dividend.
[Challenge:Future] Youth Empowerment- Making Indias Future BrightChallenge:Future
Project Title: Youth Empowerment- Making India’s Future Bright
Team Name: IIMB_IITD
Country: India
Mentor: Punit Asthana
This document discusses the high rate of youth unemployment in India and proposes several solutions to address this issue. It notes that youth unemployment costs countries economically and socially. The causes of youth unemployment in India include a mismatch between education and skills, a high population growth rate, and socioeconomic factors. The document then outlines five proposed solutions: increasing financial inclusion of youth; providing access to work experience; offering training programs focused on available jobs; strengthening government initiatives; and promoting youth entrepreneurship. Each solution is described in detail, highlighting its potential
The document discusses how human capital formation through education, health, job training, and access to information leads to economic growth and development. It contributes to increased earnings potential, technological advancement, and improved standards of living globally. Recent reports predict India will become a major economic power in the 21st century, with fast growth expected among BRICS countries including India, China, Brazil, and South Africa.
Human capital formation is the process of acquiring skills, education, and experience that are essential for economic and political development. It refers to the stock of skills and expertise in a nation. Key determinants of human capital formation include expenditure on education, on-the-job training, and study programs for adults. Human capital formation contributes to economic growth by increasing productivity, facilitating innovation, and promoting a higher rate of participation and equality in society.
Japan ranks in the 9th place in the Global Competitiveness Index. Why is that so?The 12 pillars of Japan say so.
I compared it with India to better understand it.
11.human capital development and economic growth in nigeriaAlexander Decker
1) The document discusses human capital development and economic growth in Nigeria. It analyzes the relationship between investments in education, health, and skills training (proxies for human capital) and GDP (a proxy for economic growth).
2) The analysis finds a strong positive relationship between human capital development and economic growth in Nigeria. However, Nigeria still struggles with high illiteracy, unskilled workers, and uneven distribution of skilled labor.
3) To promote continued economic growth, the document recommends that Nigeria evolve more effective strategies for developing skills and capabilities across its population. It also calls for improved institutions to align training with the needs of different economic sectors.
Entrepreneurship development problems in bangladeshFayshal Akash
This document discusses entrepreneurship development problems in Bangladesh. It begins by defining entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship. It then shows Bangladesh lags far behind countries like the US, Sweden, China and others in terms of entrepreneurship development. Some key problems discussed are a lack of access to financing, political instability, excessive taxation, harassment, deficiencies in education and training programs, scarcity of resources and technology, and barriers faced by women entrepreneurs. The document outlines some remedial programs and organizations providing support. It concludes by thanking the audience.
Youth Unemployment in India - Present ScenarioArul Edison
Young Indians face major barriers because of poverty and low levels of human capital. Though educational attainment has risen quickly in recent years, gaining a foothold in the labour market remains elusive for many young Indians. In rural and urban areas, young males are usually employed in casual jobs, while their female counterparts tend to be self-employed. Although a large proportion of young rural women are employed in agriculture, rural males are increasingly turning to the non-farm sector. In comparison, young urban males are largely working in the services sector. This paper highlights youth unemployment in India - present scenario.
Malaysia has transitioned from a commodity-based economy to a middle-income country with a diverse economy focused on manufacturing and services. The economy experienced rapid growth from the 1950s-1990s under the guidance of Prime Ministers Tunku Abdul Rahman, Tun Abdul Razak, Tun Hussein Onn, and Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad as they modernized the economy and promoted national development plans. Current Prime Minister Dato' Sri Mohd Najib Bin Tun Abdul Razak introduced a New Economic Model in 2009 to transition Malaysia to a high-income economy with inclusive growth and private sector empowerment.
Human capital development in technical vocational education (tve) for sustain...Alexander Decker
This document discusses human capital development in technical vocational education for sustainable national development in Nigeria. It makes three key points:
1. Technical vocational education plays an important role in human capital development by developing skills that increase productivity and employability, which supports sustainable economic growth and national development.
2. For technical vocational education to effectively contribute to human capital development, institutions must be well-equipped with infrastructure, workshop facilities, and qualified teachers to ensure graduates acquire skills for gainful employment.
3. Nigeria has faced challenges in technical vocational education like insufficient facilities and teachers, but it remains an important way to reduce unemployment and poverty through skills training.
Role of Entrepreneurship Education in Development and Promotion of Entreprene...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Education in the area of entrepreneurship plays a significant role in the development of entrepreneurial skills in the individuals. It may help youth to develop skill, ability of decision making, risk taking ability, manage any situation, and proper acquisition of knowledge which could benefit them for starting, organizing and managing their own enterprises and became helpful in economic development. The target population is 417 graduates or post graduates students from the Entrepreneurship Development Cells (EDC) of premier institutions (two government and two private institutions) in which 136 were selected randomly as a sample for study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data with the help of SPSS 22.0 software. Present study evidences the role of EDCs in the skill development of male and female is equal in all components like ability of taking decisions, creativity, Research, Development and Innovation, taking initiatives and so on. Entrepreneur development cells of any institutions, programs and their faculties haven’t made any difference on the basic of gender. Their all programs are equal for all.
Entrepreneurship education on wholesale considerations on didactics and peda...Alexander Decker
This document discusses entrepreneurship education in Ghana and the problem of graduate unemployment. It presents entrepreneurship education as a way to address graduate unemployment by equipping students with skills needed in the job market. There is debate around whether entrepreneurship education should target all students or select groups. The key factors contributing to graduate unemployment are limited job opportunities, unemployability of graduates due to lacking practical skills valued by employers, and graduates' preference for paid employment over self-employment. The document argues that stakeholders should reach consensus on entrepreneurship education to help graduates develop employability skills and consider entrepreneurial careers to reduce unemployment.
Entrepreneurs Level of Education and Performance of Selected Manufacturing Fi...ijtsrd
This study was necessitated by the perceived unimpressive performance of the Nigeria manufacturing sector when compared to other developing economies. It therefore examines entrepreneurs level of education and performance of selected manufacturing firms in Anambra state using multiple econometric models. Findings reveal that there is no significant relationship between entrepreneurs with non degree certificate and the return on investment of the selected manufacturing firms in Anambra state. Entrepreneurs with degree certificate were identified to have significant positive relationship on the return on investment of the selected manufacturing firms in Anambra state. Based on the analysis and findings of this study, the researcher therefore recommends that degree and higher education certificate awareness for entrepreneurs and intending entrepreneurs by the government is important to enable them develop the intellectuality for growing a business. This will help address the challenge of business failures. Agencies that regulate manufacturing firms should formulate policies that will facilitate the acquisition of higher educational qualification by entrepreneurs, because of its potential in improving firms' growth performance. Agbasi, Obianuju Emmanuela | Edoko, Tonna David | Nwangene, Ogochukwu Christian "Entrepreneurs' Level of Education and Performance of Selected Manufacturing Firms in Anambra State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25299.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/25299/entrepreneurs-level-of-education-and-performance-of-selected-manufacturing-firms-in-anambra-state-nigeria/agbasi-obianuju-emmanuela
This document discusses human capital investment and outlines a three pillar approach:
1. The Human Capital Index measures and tracks the productivity of future workers based on their expected health and education outcomes.
2. Improving measurement and research of human capital formation to better support investment decisions.
3. Engaging countries to develop national strategies to accelerate progress on human capital through early adopters.
Key areas of focus are improving survival rates, quality of education, adult health, and creating an aligned education system focused on learning outcomes.
From regional security to regional integration in west africaKayode Fayemi
This document discusses regional integration in West Africa compared to the ASEAN experience. It provides background on regional organizations and their rationale. It then discusses ECOWAS and its focus on security issues in West Africa rather than economic integration. In contrast, ASEAN has been more successful in promoting trade and investment. The document examines lessons that can be learned from ASEAN's experience to help strengthen economic cooperation within ECOWAS.
India has pursued closer economic and strategic ties with ASEAN countries through its "Look East" policy since the 1990s. Trade between India and ASEAN has increased significantly, with ASEAN becoming India's 4th largest trading partner. There are many opportunities to further increase economic cooperation between India and ASEAN, such as by increasing investment, tourism, and cooperation in emerging areas. Closer cultural and economic ties between India and Southeast Asia can also help strengthen regional stability and security.
This document discusses strengthening entrepreneurship in Malaysia. It provides historical context on how the British colonial government segregated economic activity along racial lines, putting Malays at an economic disadvantage. In response, modern Malaysian policies aim to foster entrepreneurship among Malays through initiatives like the New Economic Policy and creation of Bumiputera entrepreneurs. The government has established various supports for entrepreneurs and the number of new businesses registered has increased, though it fluctuates with economic cycles. Cultural factors like attitudes toward entrepreneurship have also evolved. Government policies like privatization and small business promotion have created more opportunities for entrepreneurship in Malaysia.
The Centre for Indian Ocean Studies (CIOS) was established in 1983 under the UGC's Area Studies Programme. It is the only public-funded research centre on the Indian Ocean in India. CIOS conducts multidisciplinary research on the Indian Ocean region's geopolitics, urban planning, environment, trade, and publishes biannual journals. It has a modest collection of books and periodicals on related subjects. CIOS is staffed by a director and faculty from economics, geography, political science, and sociology.
Integration of Traditional Business School Models to Entrepreneurship Develop...ijtsrd
The document discusses integrating traditional business school models in Nigeria to promote entrepreneurship and job creation. It notes high unemployment in Nigeria and various past government programs that failed to address it. The paper advocates integrating the Igbo apprenticeship system, which is an informal entrepreneurial training model, to develop skills and foster entrepreneurship. It suggests bringing more of the informal sector into the formal economy with better policies and regulations. The apprenticeship system provides on-the-job training over many years and has proven effective in reducing poverty and empowering communities. The paper argues for incorporating current business opportunities into education to further promote entrepreneurship development and job creation in Nigeria.
THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIANAJHSSR Journal
: Entrepreneurial industries was selected one from each Geo political zone in Nigeria with
population of 387 on the whole descriptive survey design was used and correlation coefficient was used in
determining the relationship between these variable and economic development in Nigeria. Entrepreneurship, all
over the world is acclaimed as a significant factor in economic development. Entrepreneurship does not only
increase per capital income it also increases factor utilization. It is also a veritable change agent of the structure
of business and society. As a change agent it acts as a catalyst for the generation of new ideas, products,
methods of production and the distribution of the products so produced. The jobs created, the new technologies
developed, the improved production method, the increase in output both in terms of quantity and quality are all
the ingredients for economic growth and development. The paper has explored the roles of entrepreneurship at
different sectors of the economy. In carrying out the research this paper is of the view that because of the
capacity of entrepreneurship to generate increased output, its ability to create jobs through formation of new
enterprises, to facilitate transfer of technology or adoption of technology, to invigorate large scale enterprises, to
harness resources, that might otherwise be latent and to stimulate growth in those sectors which supply it with
input; because it is able to encourage and sustain economic dynamism that enables a country to adjust
successfully in a rapidly changing global economy, entrepreneurial development is a sine qua non in the
development of any country especially, a developing country. Conclusion were made and the study
recommended that more job opportunity will be created policies strengthened, environment should be improved
for financing and investment welcomed.
This document discusses entrepreneurship education curriculum content for undergraduate students in Nigerian universities. It begins by outlining the high unemployment rates in Nigeria and how the current educational system does not adequately prepare graduates for gainful employment. The authors conducted a study that provided 66 potential skills to 550 undergraduate students and asked them to rank the most acceptable skills for an entrepreneurship curriculum. The top 20 ranked skills were recommended as the basis for universities to select entrepreneurship curriculum content to help students develop skills for self-employment and address unemployment issues in Nigeria. The document argues for the importance of entrepreneurship education and skills training to alleviate poverty and unemployment among Nigerian youth.
[Challenge:Future] Youth Empowerment- Making Indias Future BrightChallenge:Future
Project Title: Youth Empowerment- Making India’s Future Bright
Team Name: IIMB_IITD
Country: India
Mentor: Punit Asthana
This document discusses the high rate of youth unemployment in India and proposes several solutions to address this issue. It notes that youth unemployment costs countries economically and socially. The causes of youth unemployment in India include a mismatch between education and skills, a high population growth rate, and socioeconomic factors. The document then outlines five proposed solutions: increasing financial inclusion of youth; providing access to work experience; offering training programs focused on available jobs; strengthening government initiatives; and promoting youth entrepreneurship. Each solution is described in detail, highlighting its potential
The document discusses how human capital formation through education, health, job training, and access to information leads to economic growth and development. It contributes to increased earnings potential, technological advancement, and improved standards of living globally. Recent reports predict India will become a major economic power in the 21st century, with fast growth expected among BRICS countries including India, China, Brazil, and South Africa.
Human capital formation is the process of acquiring skills, education, and experience that are essential for economic and political development. It refers to the stock of skills and expertise in a nation. Key determinants of human capital formation include expenditure on education, on-the-job training, and study programs for adults. Human capital formation contributes to economic growth by increasing productivity, facilitating innovation, and promoting a higher rate of participation and equality in society.
Japan ranks in the 9th place in the Global Competitiveness Index. Why is that so?The 12 pillars of Japan say so.
I compared it with India to better understand it.
11.human capital development and economic growth in nigeriaAlexander Decker
1) The document discusses human capital development and economic growth in Nigeria. It analyzes the relationship between investments in education, health, and skills training (proxies for human capital) and GDP (a proxy for economic growth).
2) The analysis finds a strong positive relationship between human capital development and economic growth in Nigeria. However, Nigeria still struggles with high illiteracy, unskilled workers, and uneven distribution of skilled labor.
3) To promote continued economic growth, the document recommends that Nigeria evolve more effective strategies for developing skills and capabilities across its population. It also calls for improved institutions to align training with the needs of different economic sectors.
Entrepreneurship development problems in bangladeshFayshal Akash
This document discusses entrepreneurship development problems in Bangladesh. It begins by defining entrepreneurs and entrepreneurship. It then shows Bangladesh lags far behind countries like the US, Sweden, China and others in terms of entrepreneurship development. Some key problems discussed are a lack of access to financing, political instability, excessive taxation, harassment, deficiencies in education and training programs, scarcity of resources and technology, and barriers faced by women entrepreneurs. The document outlines some remedial programs and organizations providing support. It concludes by thanking the audience.
Youth Unemployment in India - Present ScenarioArul Edison
Young Indians face major barriers because of poverty and low levels of human capital. Though educational attainment has risen quickly in recent years, gaining a foothold in the labour market remains elusive for many young Indians. In rural and urban areas, young males are usually employed in casual jobs, while their female counterparts tend to be self-employed. Although a large proportion of young rural women are employed in agriculture, rural males are increasingly turning to the non-farm sector. In comparison, young urban males are largely working in the services sector. This paper highlights youth unemployment in India - present scenario.
Malaysia has transitioned from a commodity-based economy to a middle-income country with a diverse economy focused on manufacturing and services. The economy experienced rapid growth from the 1950s-1990s under the guidance of Prime Ministers Tunku Abdul Rahman, Tun Abdul Razak, Tun Hussein Onn, and Tun Dr. Mahathir Mohamad as they modernized the economy and promoted national development plans. Current Prime Minister Dato' Sri Mohd Najib Bin Tun Abdul Razak introduced a New Economic Model in 2009 to transition Malaysia to a high-income economy with inclusive growth and private sector empowerment.
Human capital development in technical vocational education (tve) for sustain...Alexander Decker
This document discusses human capital development in technical vocational education for sustainable national development in Nigeria. It makes three key points:
1. Technical vocational education plays an important role in human capital development by developing skills that increase productivity and employability, which supports sustainable economic growth and national development.
2. For technical vocational education to effectively contribute to human capital development, institutions must be well-equipped with infrastructure, workshop facilities, and qualified teachers to ensure graduates acquire skills for gainful employment.
3. Nigeria has faced challenges in technical vocational education like insufficient facilities and teachers, but it remains an important way to reduce unemployment and poverty through skills training.
Role of Entrepreneurship Education in Development and Promotion of Entreprene...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Education in the area of entrepreneurship plays a significant role in the development of entrepreneurial skills in the individuals. It may help youth to develop skill, ability of decision making, risk taking ability, manage any situation, and proper acquisition of knowledge which could benefit them for starting, organizing and managing their own enterprises and became helpful in economic development. The target population is 417 graduates or post graduates students from the Entrepreneurship Development Cells (EDC) of premier institutions (two government and two private institutions) in which 136 were selected randomly as a sample for study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data with the help of SPSS 22.0 software. Present study evidences the role of EDCs in the skill development of male and female is equal in all components like ability of taking decisions, creativity, Research, Development and Innovation, taking initiatives and so on. Entrepreneur development cells of any institutions, programs and their faculties haven’t made any difference on the basic of gender. Their all programs are equal for all.
Entrepreneurship education on wholesale considerations on didactics and peda...Alexander Decker
This document discusses entrepreneurship education in Ghana and the problem of graduate unemployment. It presents entrepreneurship education as a way to address graduate unemployment by equipping students with skills needed in the job market. There is debate around whether entrepreneurship education should target all students or select groups. The key factors contributing to graduate unemployment are limited job opportunities, unemployability of graduates due to lacking practical skills valued by employers, and graduates' preference for paid employment over self-employment. The document argues that stakeholders should reach consensus on entrepreneurship education to help graduates develop employability skills and consider entrepreneurial careers to reduce unemployment.
Entrepreneurs Level of Education and Performance of Selected Manufacturing Fi...ijtsrd
This study was necessitated by the perceived unimpressive performance of the Nigeria manufacturing sector when compared to other developing economies. It therefore examines entrepreneurs level of education and performance of selected manufacturing firms in Anambra state using multiple econometric models. Findings reveal that there is no significant relationship between entrepreneurs with non degree certificate and the return on investment of the selected manufacturing firms in Anambra state. Entrepreneurs with degree certificate were identified to have significant positive relationship on the return on investment of the selected manufacturing firms in Anambra state. Based on the analysis and findings of this study, the researcher therefore recommends that degree and higher education certificate awareness for entrepreneurs and intending entrepreneurs by the government is important to enable them develop the intellectuality for growing a business. This will help address the challenge of business failures. Agencies that regulate manufacturing firms should formulate policies that will facilitate the acquisition of higher educational qualification by entrepreneurs, because of its potential in improving firms' growth performance. Agbasi, Obianuju Emmanuela | Edoko, Tonna David | Nwangene, Ogochukwu Christian "Entrepreneurs' Level of Education and Performance of Selected Manufacturing Firms in Anambra State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25299.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/25299/entrepreneurs-level-of-education-and-performance-of-selected-manufacturing-firms-in-anambra-state-nigeria/agbasi-obianuju-emmanuela
This document discusses human capital investment and outlines a three pillar approach:
1. The Human Capital Index measures and tracks the productivity of future workers based on their expected health and education outcomes.
2. Improving measurement and research of human capital formation to better support investment decisions.
3. Engaging countries to develop national strategies to accelerate progress on human capital through early adopters.
Key areas of focus are improving survival rates, quality of education, adult health, and creating an aligned education system focused on learning outcomes.
From regional security to regional integration in west africaKayode Fayemi
This document discusses regional integration in West Africa compared to the ASEAN experience. It provides background on regional organizations and their rationale. It then discusses ECOWAS and its focus on security issues in West Africa rather than economic integration. In contrast, ASEAN has been more successful in promoting trade and investment. The document examines lessons that can be learned from ASEAN's experience to help strengthen economic cooperation within ECOWAS.
India has pursued closer economic and strategic ties with ASEAN countries through its "Look East" policy since the 1990s. Trade between India and ASEAN has increased significantly, with ASEAN becoming India's 4th largest trading partner. There are many opportunities to further increase economic cooperation between India and ASEAN, such as by increasing investment, tourism, and cooperation in emerging areas. Closer cultural and economic ties between India and Southeast Asia can also help strengthen regional stability and security.
This document discusses strengthening entrepreneurship in Malaysia. It provides historical context on how the British colonial government segregated economic activity along racial lines, putting Malays at an economic disadvantage. In response, modern Malaysian policies aim to foster entrepreneurship among Malays through initiatives like the New Economic Policy and creation of Bumiputera entrepreneurs. The government has established various supports for entrepreneurs and the number of new businesses registered has increased, though it fluctuates with economic cycles. Cultural factors like attitudes toward entrepreneurship have also evolved. Government policies like privatization and small business promotion have created more opportunities for entrepreneurship in Malaysia.
The Centre for Indian Ocean Studies (CIOS) was established in 1983 under the UGC's Area Studies Programme. It is the only public-funded research centre on the Indian Ocean in India. CIOS conducts multidisciplinary research on the Indian Ocean region's geopolitics, urban planning, environment, trade, and publishes biannual journals. It has a modest collection of books and periodicals on related subjects. CIOS is staffed by a director and faculty from economics, geography, political science, and sociology.
Integration of Traditional Business School Models to Entrepreneurship Develop...ijtsrd
The document discusses integrating traditional business school models in Nigeria to promote entrepreneurship and job creation. It notes high unemployment in Nigeria and various past government programs that failed to address it. The paper advocates integrating the Igbo apprenticeship system, which is an informal entrepreneurial training model, to develop skills and foster entrepreneurship. It suggests bringing more of the informal sector into the formal economy with better policies and regulations. The apprenticeship system provides on-the-job training over many years and has proven effective in reducing poverty and empowering communities. The paper argues for incorporating current business opportunities into education to further promote entrepreneurship development and job creation in Nigeria.
THE ROLE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIANAJHSSR Journal
: Entrepreneurial industries was selected one from each Geo political zone in Nigeria with
population of 387 on the whole descriptive survey design was used and correlation coefficient was used in
determining the relationship between these variable and economic development in Nigeria. Entrepreneurship, all
over the world is acclaimed as a significant factor in economic development. Entrepreneurship does not only
increase per capital income it also increases factor utilization. It is also a veritable change agent of the structure
of business and society. As a change agent it acts as a catalyst for the generation of new ideas, products,
methods of production and the distribution of the products so produced. The jobs created, the new technologies
developed, the improved production method, the increase in output both in terms of quantity and quality are all
the ingredients for economic growth and development. The paper has explored the roles of entrepreneurship at
different sectors of the economy. In carrying out the research this paper is of the view that because of the
capacity of entrepreneurship to generate increased output, its ability to create jobs through formation of new
enterprises, to facilitate transfer of technology or adoption of technology, to invigorate large scale enterprises, to
harness resources, that might otherwise be latent and to stimulate growth in those sectors which supply it with
input; because it is able to encourage and sustain economic dynamism that enables a country to adjust
successfully in a rapidly changing global economy, entrepreneurial development is a sine qua non in the
development of any country especially, a developing country. Conclusion were made and the study
recommended that more job opportunity will be created policies strengthened, environment should be improved
for financing and investment welcomed.
This document discusses entrepreneurship education curriculum content for undergraduate students in Nigerian universities. It begins by outlining the high unemployment rates in Nigeria and how the current educational system does not adequately prepare graduates for gainful employment. The authors conducted a study that provided 66 potential skills to 550 undergraduate students and asked them to rank the most acceptable skills for an entrepreneurship curriculum. The top 20 ranked skills were recommended as the basis for universities to select entrepreneurship curriculum content to help students develop skills for self-employment and address unemployment issues in Nigeria. The document argues for the importance of entrepreneurship education and skills training to alleviate poverty and unemployment among Nigerian youth.
Entrepreneurship Intention among Undergraduate Students of Selected Universit...ijtsrd
Global entrepreneurship monitor showed that there is a need to introduce entrepreneurship early in universities. This paper discussed four objectives, risk taking, creativity, and innovation that will contribute to the success of intention of university graduates which will help them to embrace entrepreneurship early and become successful in life and be self employed to reduce the cluster of pilling up seeking for a white collar job. This work examined entrepreneurship intention amongst undergraduates of selected universities in Anambra State theoretical framework was based on theory of Plan behaviour. The population of the study was 1929, the sample was determined using Borh and Gall of 1973 to be 371, data was generated by the use of questionnaire and was analysed using table and percentage further multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the hypothesis, multiple regression analysis was also used to access relative predictive power of independent variables on dependent variables. The result shows that Risk taking has a significant positive effect on the intentions of undergraduate students of selected universities in Anambra state. Creativity has a significant positive effect on intentions of undergraduate of selected universities in Anambra state. Innovativeness has a significant positive effect on the intentions of undergraduates of selected universities in Anambra state. The study concluded that with a more positive relationship with entrepreneurship and these variables it has a greater chance of success. The study recommended that efforts should be made by various universities mainly those selected in Anambra State to create awareness and help undergraduates to have an interest in entrepreneurship all added on their curriculum to help the student master what is involved in entrepreneurship early and embrace it for better living. Chinwe Gloria Obananya "Entrepreneurship Intention among Undergraduate Students of Selected Universities in Anambra State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd55115.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/55115/entrepreneurship-intention-among-undergraduate-students-of-selected-universities-in-anambra-state/chinwe-gloria-obananya
This document discusses how entrepreneurship education can help reduce unemployment. It examines how teaching entrepreneurial skills to students can motivate them to start their own businesses after graduation, thereby creating jobs and lowering unemployment rates. The study investigates the impact of practical entrepreneurship education programs at four Nigerian universities on ex-students who are now running businesses. A survey was conducted of 150 ex-students currently operating businesses. The findings showed that entrepreneurship education is effective at motivating and empowering students to become entrepreneurs and job creators rather than job seekers. This in turn can significantly help reduce unemployment. The document recommends taking entrepreneurship education seriously and encouraging students at all levels to engage in entrepreneurial activities.
Entrepreneurship education and attitude of undergraduate students to self emp...Alexander Decker
Entrepreneurship education aims to encourage self-employment among university students by providing them skills to start their own businesses. The study explored how entrepreneurship education influences the attitudes of undergraduate students in Mubi, Nigeria toward self-employment. It found that exposure to entrepreneurship education benefited students by influencing their intentions toward self-employment, enriching their knowledge of starting a business, and changing their perceptions of self-employment as a career. The study recommends including entrepreneurship education in the curricula of all Nigerian educational institutions to help address unemployment among graduates.
The study was carried out to explore the relationship between entrepreneurship and sustainable development in
Nigeria based on the Dangote phenomenon. Entrepreneurship implicates the state of being an entrepreneur. The
entrepreneurship process leads to employment generation and poverty reduction all of which help in sustainable
development, which is the type of development that protects the environment, meets the current needs of society and
also enables future generations to meet their own needs. Entrepreneurship is concerned with change because it is
capable of creating opportunities and threats. The consequences of change may present viable business opportunities
or render current products or services obsolete. Therefore, a meaningful entrepreneurship research must provide
necessary information about successful entrepreneurs as a guide. The qualitative case study approach was employed
for the study, empirical literature provided relevant information for analysis and it was found that entrepreneurship
has significant positive relationship with sustainable development.
Role of Entrepreneurship Education in Development and Promotion of Entreprene...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Education in the area of entrepreneurship plays a significant role in the development of entrepreneurial skills in the individuals. It may help youth to develop skill, ability of decision making, risk taking ability, manage any situation, and proper acquisition of knowledge which could benefit them for starting, organizing and managing their own enterprises and became helpful in economic development. The target population is 417 graduates or post graduates students from the Entrepreneurship Development Cells (EDC) of premier institutions (two government and two private institutions) in which 136 were selected randomly as a sample for study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data with the help of SPSS 22.0 software. Present study evidences the role of EDCs in the skill development of male and female is equal in all components like ability of taking decisions, creativity, Research, Development and Innovation, taking initiatives and so on. Entrepreneur development cells of any institutions, programs and their faculties haven’t made any difference on the basic of gender. Their all programs are equal for all.
HISTORY OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT.docxmuhwezijonas
Uganda has strong potential for economic growth but faces high youth unemployment. While the economy has grown at 7% annually, this growth has not generated sufficient jobs. Lack of skills matching market needs contributes to the unemployment problem. Entrepreneurship is seen as an alternative career path due to the desire for independence, lack of job opportunities, and prospects for increased income. The government is working to promote entrepreneurship through training programs and financial support. Entrepreneurship brings benefits like job creation, innovation, community development, and raising living standards.
The Roles of Government And Banks in Entrepreneurship Financing in Nigeriascmsnoida5
The industrialization policy of most developed
and developing nations in the past laid emphasis
on economy of scale which is a concept that
emphasizescost effectiveness through large scale
production. This idea which holds the view that
large scale corporations were the pillar stone of
the modern economy prevailed for greater part
of the 20th century. In recent times, however,
this idea has changed and the importance of
small and medium scale enterprises- SMEs as
the bedrock of industrial development is gaining
prominence. Entrepreneurship development is a
concept concerned with the formation, financing,
growth and expansion of business enterprises
most especially small and medium scale in
an economy with the objective of achieving
economic growth and development.In Nigeria,
since independence, and since when the idea of
entrepreneurship development was introduced in
the 1970s and 1980s, various programmes and
policies were created by successive governments over the years for the development and financing
of enterprises to improve the economy. Also,
financial institutions, most especially the banks
have important roles to play in the development
and financing of entrepreneurship in the country.
Financing is one of the necessary prerequisites for
SMEs development; lack of finance represents a
major obstacle to their growth and development.
This write up will be an attempt to look into
the roles of both government and banks in
entrepreneurship development and financing in
achieving economic growth and development
in Nigeria. Relevant literature was reviewed
in the formulation of this write up. The main
source of informationused is secondary method
of data collection.The paper revealed that most
of the various programmes, policies and schemes
created by the government for the development
and financing of entrepreneurship were either
now moribund or have failed to meet up with
the purpose for which they were established. The
paper concludes that entrepreneurship is the need
of the day, therefore, authorities and the banks
should actively involve themselves in this task.
Financial Literacy and Financial Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises ...ijtsrd
This document examines the relationship between financial literacy and financial performance among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Lagos State, Nigeria. It reviews literature on key concepts like financial education, knowledge, behavior, and performance. A survey was conducted of 384 SMEs across Lagos State. Regression analysis revealed a relationship between financial literacy and performance. Specifically, SMEs in Lagos State were found to lack financial education and knowledge, have poor cash flow management and financial discipline, undermining their financial performance. The study recommends that SMEs engage accountants and financial training to improve literacy and enable better financial growth.
Attitude and Practices of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises SMEs Owners towa...ijtsrd
This investigation ascertained the reason for the recent preference of salesgirls over apprentice by Igbo small and medium business owners in Anambra State, Nigeria. The study investigated 1330 small and medium business owners in two major markets in Onitsha and Nnewi, Anambra State, through descriptive survey research. Mean statistics were used as a yardstick and a threshold of 3.00 as the acceptance region and less than 3 as rejection region. Findings revealed numerous reasons for preference of salesgirls over apprentice by owners of small medium scale businesses in some major markets in Onitsha and Nnewi, Anambra State. Among the reasons are that salesgirls attract more customers than an apprentice, apprentice lures their customers after setting them up in business, that salesgirls are less corrupt than apprentice etc. The study recommended that the engagement of more apprentices than salesgirls should be encouraged. The implications of the findings among others show that Igbo businesses will not outlive more than two decades and pervasiveness of their businesses will start shrinking shortly. Osita, Fabian Chinedu | Maduka Olisaemeka, D | Nkechi Chukwuemeka-Onuzulike "Attitude and Practices of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMEs) Owners towards Apprenticeship in Major Markets in Anambra State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30564.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/30564/attitude-and-practices-of-small-and-medium-scale-enterprises-smes-owners-towards-apprenticeship-in-major-markets-in-anambra-state-nigeria/osita-fabian-chinedu
The paper focus on entrepreneur skill through business education program to curb restiveness for
sustainable development. Need for entrepreneur skills acquisition were identified, business education program
and functions of entrepreneur were identified and sorted out as the types of entrepreneur in our present society.
Conclusion was drawn which include effort towards creating good initiatives in order to develop our dear
societies as it become the focus in 21st century. Therefore parents and business society should emulate a kind of
economy strategies like China, Germany, and America etc. in order to provide means of surviving strategies
among individuals in the entire nation.
The document summarizes the Third Executive Idea Exchange Forum held by the Department of Management at Addis Ababa University. The forum brought together high-level government officials, business leaders, and academics to discuss Ethiopia's export potential and challenges. It featured keynote speeches from the State Minister of Trade and the State Minister of Industry. The State Minister of Trade emphasized the importance of trade in achieving Ethiopia's Growth and Transformation Plan and reducing poverty. The State Minister of Industry discussed Ethiopia's industrialization goals and how the GTP and industrial policy are linked to promote industry playing a key role in the economy. The forum aimed to foster collaboration between stakeholders to enhance management excellence, economic growth, and development in Ethiopia.
Accounting education in nigerian universities challenges and prospectsAlexander Decker
This document discusses the challenges facing accounting education in Nigerian universities. It notes that universities are tasked with developing quality human capital but face issues like inadequate curricula, understaffing, poor facilities, and lack of funding. The accounting programs aim to produce graduates with education, skills, and attitudes to meet business and government needs, but challenges include outdated curricula that do not reflect changes in the accounting profession or address issues like recent financial scandals. Recommendations are made to guide improvements through cooperation between universities, professional bodies, and other stakeholders.
This document discusses the importance of entrepreneurship education for science teachers in Nigeria as a means of achieving national transformation. It begins by defining entrepreneurship and explaining why entrepreneurship education is becoming more important in modern society. It then presents the results of interviews with 40 science teachers which found that 30% had an understanding of entrepreneurship as developing identity and self-efficiency, 60% saw it as a technical or cooperative activity, and 10% had no idea. The document concludes that increasing science teachers' knowledge of entrepreneurship can help change negative attitudes and better implement entrepreneurship education goals for national development.
Apprenticeship and Entrepreneurship Development among Igbo Traders in Nigeriaijtsrd
The soaring poverty and unemployment rate in Nigeria orchestrated by rising business mortality has engendered the awakened interest for empirical investigation into apprenticeship and entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. The study sought to determine the extent to which start up capital, business skill, tenure of apprenticeship, mentorship and business tolerance has influence survival rate among Igbo traders. The questionnaire was used for collection of data on a sample of 348 respondents drawn from two major markets in southeast Nigeria using multi staged sampling technique. Data collected were analyzed using t test statistics and the linear regression model. Findings revealed that start up capital, business skills, tenure of apprenticeship, mentoring, business tolerance and financial discipline has a direct and positive relationship with survival rate among Igbo traders in South East, Nigeria. However, from the hypothesis tested, it was revealed that all the variable construct start up capital, mentoring, business skills, tenure of apprenticeship and business tolerance have significant influence on the survival rate among Igbo traders in South East, Nigeria. Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made To ensure that start up capital are dully provided to apprentice, parents and representative of the apprentice should ensure a legally documented agreement between the master and the apprentice. Parents and representatives of the apprentice should advise their ward on the need to be patient and diligent to carefully learn the business skills from the master because this is the basis for apprenticeship. Parents and representatives of the apprentice should advise their ward to ensure that they complete their apprenticeship. This is important as tenure of apprenticeship is imperative for developing the needed business skills for entrepreneurship development. Masters should endeavour to mentor their apprentice because through mentoring they can build very strong business synergy in the long run. The apprentice should remain steadfast and focused in learning the trade. This will help him develop the needed resilience and tolerance for entrepreneurship development. Orogbu, Lilian Obiageli | Onyeizugbe, Chinedu Uzochukwu | Onuzulike-Chukwuemeka, Nkechi F "Apprenticeship and Entrepreneurship Development among Igbo Traders in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47561.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/mis-and-retail-management/47561/apprenticeship-and-entrepreneurship-development-among-igbo-traders-in-nigeria/orogbu-lilian-obiageli
Entrepeneural education in nigeria universities a recipe for national develop...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes the historical development of entrepreneurship education in Nigerian universities. It discusses how since 2004, both public and private universities have integrated entrepreneurship education into their curriculums. Programs were established at universities like University of Ibadan in 2003 and University of Nigeria Nsukka, University of Ilorin, and others have also started similar programs under different names. The National Universities Commission also made entrepreneurship education a policy to help graduates become self-employed. Both public and private universities offer entrepreneurship courses at undergraduate levels to support this goal.
On entrepreneurial success of small and medium enterprises (sm es) a conceptu...Alexander Decker
This document provides a conceptual and theoretical framework for studying entrepreneurial success of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Nigeria. It begins by reviewing literature on how entrepreneurial success has been defined, including both financial measures like profits, sales, growth, and non-financial measures like customer satisfaction and personal achievement. The document then examines different dimensions and indicators that have been used to measure entrepreneurial success, such as firm size and age, export sales, market share, and introduction of new products. Both internal factors like entrepreneur and firm characteristics, and external factors like economic conditions and government regulations are discussed as influencing entrepreneurial success. The goal of the document is to inform empirical research on factors influencing entrepreneurial success and appropriate measures of
A STUDY ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP ATTITUDE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTSLori Head
This document summarizes a study on entrepreneurship attitudes among college students. The study assessed college students' attitudes towards entrepreneurship and the barriers they face in pursuing entrepreneurship as a career. It found that most students have a positive view of entrepreneurship, seeing it as economically beneficial, but many are dissatisfied with the infrastructure available in their communities to start new businesses. The study aims to help policymakers develop programs and policies to further promote entrepreneurship among students and cultivate an entrepreneurial mindset.
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This document presents a framework for evaluating the usability of B2C e-commerce websites. It involves user testing methods like usability testing and interviews to identify usability problems in areas like navigation, design, purchasing processes, and customer service. The framework specifies goals for the evaluation, determines which website aspects to evaluate, and identifies target users. It then describes collecting data through user testing and analyzing the results to identify usability problems and suggest improvements.
A universal model for managing the marketing executives in nigerian banksAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study that aimed to synthesize motivation theories into a universal model for managing marketing executives in Nigerian banks. The study was guided by Maslow and McGregor's theories. A sample of 303 marketing executives was used. The results showed that managers will be most effective at motivating marketing executives if they consider individual needs and create challenging but attainable goals. The emerged model suggests managers should provide job satisfaction by tailoring assignments to abilities and monitoring performance with feedback. This addresses confusion faced by Nigerian bank managers in determining effective motivation strategies.
A unique common fixed point theorems in generalized dAlexander Decker
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How to Start Up a Company: A Step-by-Step Guide Starting a company is an exciting adventure that combines creativity, strategy, and hard work. It can seem overwhelming at first, but with the right guidance, anyone can transform a great idea into a successful business. Let's dive into how to start up a company, from the initial spark of an idea to securing funding and launching your startup.
Introduction
Have you ever dreamed of turning your innovative idea into a thriving business? Starting a company involves numerous steps and decisions, but don't worry—we're here to help. Whether you're exploring how to start a startup company or wondering how to start up a small business, this guide will walk you through the process, step by step.
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Entrepreneurship education the way forward to economic and technological advancement of nigeria
1. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development
ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
Vol.4, No.17, 2013
www.iiste.org
Entrepreneurship Education: The Way Forward to Economic and
Technological Advancement of Nigeria
ADETOSO, Jonathan Adegoke1, AKESINRO, Abayomi Sunday2 OLADEJO, Kayode Samson3
Department of Accounting, Joseph Ayo Babalola University, P.M.B 5006 Ikeji-Arakeji, Osun State, Nigeria.
Email of the corresponding Author: gokeadetoso@yahoo.com sunkesh75@yahoo.com
Kay_oladejo83@yahoo.com
Abstract
The study examines entrepreneurship education as a way forward towards economics and technological
advancement of Nigeria. It acknowledges the fact that management emerged as a result of the 18th and 19th
century industrial resolution in Great Britain. This was predicated on the intellectual re-awaking, scientific and
technological discoveries of the scientist like Galileo, Watts, Gilbert, Harvey and other geniuses, which gave rise
to mass production of goods. And these consequently create management problems and challenges and problems
that culminated in the emergency of various concepts, theories and principles, which could be studied in schools
as management education. The study employed secondary source of data gathering and the observation method
approach. The study took an in-depth survey of entrepreneurship education as a precursor for economic and
technological take-off and advancement. The paper therefore recommends that entrepreneurship education be
made compulsory right from the secondary level and in all tertiary institutions. The paper believes that this will
ginger our economic and technological advancement.
Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Education, Forward, Economics, Technological, Advancement.
Introduction
It is over desire as a Nation to stimulate growth in the various sub-sectors of the economy. It is only when this is
achieved that we can begin to record significant improvement in the living standard of Nigerians’ indeed, during
the pre-independence period, majority of Nigerians were farmers. Self-employment and self-reliance were the
order of the day. Nonetheless, towards the beginning of independence, many Nigerians, particularly the educated
elite took to white-collar jobs by taking over the post left by the colonial masters. These coupled with the oil
boom of the 1970’s which made our economy to depend solely on oil at the neglect of the other sub-sectors of
the economy.
It was in an attempt to revive the battered economy that successive government had come up with different
rolling plans; such as the austerity measures of the Muritala/Obasanjo’s Administration (1976-1979) and the
structural adjustment programme of Babangida’s regime (1985-1993), the deregulated and partially regulated
strategies of the Abacha’s (1993-1998) and the Abubakar Abdulsalam’s Administration (1998-1999)
respectively.
Nevertheless, all these national policies fail to encourage the expected economic and industrial growth; rather the
economy witnessed significant increase in our external portfolio. It is imperative to note that majority of these
policies suffer from one reason to the other, ranging from policy contradictions, policy somersault, noncontinuity to lack of purpose and vision.
It is on this backbone, that the Obasanjo’s regime (1999-2007) made for restructurings of the Nigerian economy,
her policy focus. Thus, his economic reforms were primarily centered on market orientation, private sector led,
self employment, self reliance and technological driven.
To this end, one of the instruments that Obasanjo’s regime used was the promotion of the small and medium
scale enterprises (SMEs) and the development of creative and entrepreneurial ability of its citizenry.
Methodology
The paper is basically to bring into focus the policy instruments that may be pursued in the quest for the
environment of entrepreneurship education in the country. In view of the descriptive presentation, data used were
mainly of secondary nature. Articles on the various aspects of Entrepreneurship education were downloaded
from the internet. Also consulted were textbooks, academic research journals, magazines, newspapers and
periodical articles e.t.c. These materials were extensively analyzed. However, this paper attempts to contribute in
it own small way, to that it may take for the overall development and promotion of entrepreneurship activities in
order to reduce un-employed work force by generating economic properity for the country.
Evolution of Management Education in Nigeria
Management came into being as a result of technological advancement and industrial resolution of the
18th and 19th century in Great Britain. This led to the emergence of large corporation with its attendant
management problems. Hence the need for various management thoughts and theories. It was this that was
packaged into a systematic body of knowledge that could be learnt and studied as subjects in schools.
24
2. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development
ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
Vol.4, No.17, 2013
www.iiste.org
However, one distinguishing feature of successful organizations is that they are all proud of their past.
Members of such organizations happily recount their history, trace their pedigree and worship their founding
fathers. While management education in Nigeria cannot claim such a success yet, it is certainly not preposterous
to stat documenting the story of its development.
More so, one is not oblivious of the fact that management scholars are not likely to agree on how best
this documentation could be presented. The University of Nigeria, Nsukka, is the first University in West Africa
to offer a degree programme in Management. Its management programme was started in September, 1961. In its
early stages, these departments faced the problem of all pioneer business schools. On campus, fellow
undergraduates wondered on what could be learned in Business Administration department as, “OMATA” ----Onitsha Market Amalgamated Traders Association.
Moreover, we have the institute of Administration, Ahmed Bello Universit, Zaria, Management
education at this University was carried out at the institute located at “KONGO” Campus. This institute had been
conducting in – service training courses since 1957. The institute later became one of the campuses of the newly
created Ahmedu Bello Unversity, Zaria. The West regional government equally established a similar institution
in the early sixties.
Indeed the university of Lagos set a record in being the first University in Nigeria to offer, MBA
programme. This programme started in 1973 after the university of Lagos was established in 1962 with the
faculty of Business Administration and social sciences as one of its three primary academic units.
In addition, we have the institute of Management Technology (IMT), Enugu. It came into existence on
July1, 1973 by virtue of edit No 10 of 1973. This institute has made significant contribution to the development
of management education; Its Higher National Diploma (HND) programmes could be compared to courses
offered by those of the prestigious overseas professional bodies like the institute of marketing, London. It is
important that one does not discountenance the role played by professional bodies in the development of
management education in Nigeria. They include, the Accounting Association, The Nigeria Institute of Bankers
etc.
However, it is pertinent to mention that the real development of Entrepreneurship education started with
Joseph Ayo Babalola University, Ikeji-Arakeji, and a private University. This school set a record in being the
first University in Nigeria to offer Entrepreneurship as a degree course. The school started the course as a fully
fledged department in the college of social and management sciences in October, 2006 with its first set of
students presently in 400Level of its 5 (five) years programme with a full year of industrial experience outside
the campus. Howbeit, all other undergraduate students must have a task of at least twelve (12) units course of
entrepreneurship before graduation. This attempt is to position those students well to be a job creator rather than
be a job seeker on graduation. What a good vision for rapid economic and technological advancement of this
country, Nigeria.
ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION-A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK.
According to Cole (2005), an entrepreneur is an organisation builder whose entrepreneurship perception
is not restricted sequence of decisions of an individual or group of associated individuals, undertaken to initiate
and maintain a profit oriented business unit for the production and distribution of economic goods and services.
Similarly, Koontz and O’Daniel in Afolaranmi (2003) posited that an entrepreneur is a person who sees
a business the opportunity, obtains the needed capital, know how to harness the operation successfully and has
the willingness to take a personal risk of success or failure.
In another dimension, Adebayo (2008), sees an entrepreneur as an individual who takes risk and starts
something new “Briefly stated” the entrepreneur organizes and operates an enterprise for personal gain. He pays
current prices for the materials consumed in the business for the use of the land, for the personal services he
employs and for the capital he requires. He contributes his own initiative, skill and ingenuity in planning,
organizing and administrating the enterprises. He also assumes the chance of loss and gain consequent to
unforeseen and uncontrollable circumstance. The net residue of the annual receipts of the enterprises after all
cost have been paid, he retains for himself.
Also. O ECO (2004), defines Entrepreneur as a central pillar of economic development, job creation
and social inclusion and a catalyst for urban regeneration in deprived areas.
In the same vein, Drucker (1985) observed that an entrepreneur searches for change, responds to it, and
exploits it as an opportunity.
According to Robert and Brush (1985) in Ayeni (2007), entrepreneurship is the process of creating
something new with value by devoting the necessary time, effort, assuming the accompanying financial, psychic
and social risks, resulting rewards of monetary and personal satisfaction and independence.
Ronstadt (1984) in Holt (2005) opined that entrepreneurship is the dynamic process of creating
incremental wealth.
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3. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development
ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
Vol.4, No.17, 2013
www.iiste.org
It is on record that the Nigeria Nation experienced the oil boom in the 1970-1975. However, rather than
exploiting these opportunities to develop our entrepreneurship, and other sub-sectors of the economy, Nigeria
concentrated on the development of white elephant projects.
Those have created a lot of economic and developmental problems. To this end, Fashoyin (2007)
observed that after about a decade of unprecedented economic boom and a fairly low rate of unemployment,
Nigeria is in the 1980s faced with its worst period of unemployment, which is accompanied by serious economic
crisis. Unemployment is undoubtedly one of the most debilitating social problems facing the economy today.
On this backdrop, it became clear that there is a need to revive the economy and this led to the inclusion
of entrepreneurship education in many of our tertiary institutions. Infact, the new education policy is trying to
retrench entrepreneurship, vocational / skills acquisition and computer literacy programme into our educational
curriculum right from the Government believes will bring about economic independence and a culture of selfreliance. This is expected to lead to the generation of self employment.
Entrepreneurship education focuses on skills acquisition and development. These skills are
entrepreneurial spirit, character and personalities, enterprises building skills and ability to start one’s business
technological and other professional competences needed for production work.
Furthermore, the Nigerian Polytechnics and Universities has played major role in entrepreneurship
education in Nigeria. Apart from turning out graduate / man power for our industries, the polytechnics and the
Universities promote the developments of entrepreneurship in the following ways: Training and development,
whereby courses like entrepreneurship development programmes, small business management are introduced
and taught to equip prospective entrepreneurs,
Indeed, the issues of whether entrepreneurship can be taught or learned have been a controversial matter
for sometimes Casson (1992), Timmons (1985) and Manofi (1994) in Ajayi (2009), opined that some
entrepreneurial skills are in fact acquirable and learnable, particularly creativity and innovativeness. Also, while
it is true that are some entrepreneurial traits that are in-born such traits may be dormant and may never be
recognized or exploited. A good entrepreneurship education programme can easily activate and stimulate such
traits. Afonja (1997) in Ajayi (2009) observed that even when traits are active, good guidance through a good
training programme could help a potential entrepreneur to avoid some of the expensive pitfalls and mistake,
which often characterize new ventures.
Similarly, Ilesanmi (2000) said that education is the development of a person for the acquisition of all
around efficiency of skills and knowledge, intellectually, socially, morally, culturally, physically, economically;
with the sole aim of earning a living. In fact, education aims at developing the knowledge, skills, moral value
and understanding required in all aspects of life. The attitude development is from employment seeker to
employment ereation.
Today, there are many business opportunities in the society Entrepreneurship education can contribute
towards more youths taking advantages of this favourable situation.
Moreover, according to Iwuagwu (2007), the objectives of entrepreneurship education are to upgrade
the status of self-employment as a career alternative in the society and to facilitate and accommodate the various
components vital for enterprise culture.
Enterprise culture is an environment that prepares and initiates the population as a whole to take
advantage of the abundant business opportunities by providing supportive measures for entrepreneurs at all
levels of development to realize their potentials regardless of sex. Entrepreneurial education, which concentrates
on present level of enterprise development, is a complement of other enhancement to an enterprise culture.
Furthermore, is the issue of entrepreneurial focus, which is critical in making entrepreneurship
education different from other disciplines such as Business Students/Administration, Industrial Management and
others. Hence, these focus should include the future rather than the past, creativity rather than critical analysis,
insight rather than knowledge, active understanding/involvement rather than manipulation symbols, personal
communication rather than written communication, personal influence rather than neutrality, opportunities and
problems solving rather than partiality.
Nonetheless, entrepreneurship education has some specific roles to perform, such as provision of
employment, rural-urban balance, industrialization, efficient use of scarce resources, improved productivity and
labour utilization.
In a similar vein, the entrepreneurship trainer has significant roles to play such as portraying
entrepreneurial behavior, credibility, highly motivated and innovative, able to formulate strategies for
stimulating trainers towards self-employment, identifications of entrepreneurial skills in youth, provision of base
skills. And as a resource person, he/she organizes training courses at various levels and institutions and evaluates
their effectiveness and many more.
26
4. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development
ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
Vol.4, No.17, 2013
www.iiste.org
ENTREPRENUERSHIP AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT - THE SIAMESE TWINS
It is evidenced that hardly can you talk of entrepreneurship without production. More so, Schumpeter in
Holt (2005) posited that the entrepreneur seeks to reform or revolutionize the pattern of production by expecting
an invention or more generally, an untired technological possibility for producing a new commodity or
producing an old one in a new way, by opening up a new source of supply of materials or a new outlet for
products.
Technology is the most distinctive ingredient of modern society. It does not only determines our
standard of living, but also our way of life. More so, nowadays when societies are looked upon as primitive or
advanced according to the level of their technological achievement.
Moreover, following the pattern of wealth created elsewhere by industrial means, the desire to consume
more is aroused, and so more needs to be produced. However, according to Ifeanyi (2007), the traditional
technologies are less suited to meet rising expectations of wealth. Hence, the urgent need for developing
countries to develop their own appropriate technology. Technology countries to develop their own appropriate
technology. Technology is the how of doing something. That is, the way an organisation transfers its inputs into
outputs.
Nevertheless, technology can be classified into advanced technology, intermediate technology and
indigenous technology.
Intermediate technology
Advanced Technology
•
•
•
Appropriate Technology
Adapted Technology
Transferred Technology
Indigenous
Technology
Fig 1: Types Of Technology: Adopted From Ajayi O., Entrepreneurship Development And Small Scale
Business Management Lagos: Dangeno Biz World.
Advanced technology is the technology which is peculiar to technologically advanced countries. An
indigenous technology is a Home-based technology that has been developed from modern scientific principle.
Intermediate technology is a technology, which lies between the most primitive and the most advance. It
contains the advantages of the developed while avoiding the pitfalls of the over developed.
An appropriate is that which is most economic in a given set of circumstances. To be considered
appropriate, such technology must fulfill the following criteria:
• Raw materials used can be locally sourced
• Equipment and capital goods must be available
• Skill to operate the technology must be readily available
• The size of the market must be adequate
• There must be availability of utilities
• There must be availability of infrastructural facilities e.t.c.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
CONCLUSION
Management came into being as a result of the industrial revolution and technological advancement of
the 18th and 19th century in Great Britain.
No doubt, the oil boom of the 70s has created socio-economic problems for Nigeria. This has emerged
in form of unemployment. With this emanated problem, the Government is of the opinion that entrepreneurship
education; with emphasis on skills acquisition could be a way out. Entrepreneurship education should have
attitude development as its base rather than technical and managerial skills i.e. from employment seeker to
employment creation. Entrepreneurship should be futuristic. Without any gainsaying, entrepreneur seeks to
revolutionize the pattern of production by exploiting an invention or an untied technological possibility for
producing a new commodity. It is therefore imperative to note that industrial production process cannot be
divorced from the fabrication of machines and tools required for the manufacture of the desired products.
Therefore, developing countries must strive to have an appropriate and adaptable technology. Self
employment of course suggests peace, unity and stability, which can be achieved using entrepreneurship
education, which will ultimately enhance technological advancement.
RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the issues identified and discussed in this study, the following policy recommendations are proffered;
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5. Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development
ISSN 2222-1700 (Paper) ISSN 2222-2855 (Online)
Vol.4, No.17, 2013
•
•
•
•
•
www.iiste.org
The Government efforts on entrepreneurship development should move from the drawing board of
dailies to concrete and practical steps, that are physical and graphical
Government should encourage willing entrepreneurs to establish Small-Scale Foundries in various parts
of Nigeria
Government should sensitize the people through the re-branding campaign programme on the use of
Locally Made Goods as a matter of urgency
There should be a stable industrial policy on Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) devoid of party
colorations.
Apart from entrepreneur education, there should be entrepreneurship and vocational centres in our
tertiary institutions-Universities, Polytechnics e.t.c
REFERENCES
Adebayo, Ola (2008), Entrepreneurship – “What Is It About”; Proceedings of International Conference on
Development Studies Vol. 2 No 5, March 12-13, 2008 Pp 78-83
Afolaranmi, O.M (2003), Entrepreneurship Development-Theory and Practice. Offa, Nigeria. Kola Salau Press.
Ajayi, O (2009), Entrepreneurship Development and Small Business Management, Lagos. Dangeno Biz World.
Ayeni, J.M.(2007), Creating Wealth through Entrepreneurship. Osogbo: Dekmol Printing Publishing.
Cole, G.A. (2005), Management Theory and Practice (6th ed), London: Bookpower
Drucker Peter F (1985), Innovation and Entrepreneurship, William Heinman, London
Fashoyin, T. (2007), Unemployment, Journal of Institute of Personnel Management of Nigeria, Series No. 4
Holt, D.H (2005), Entrepreneurship- New Venture Creation. New Delhi: Prentice-Hall of India Private Limited
Ifeanyi, M.(2007), The Entrepreneur Today, Business Day Newspaper, Thursday May 10, Vol. 6 No. 94 P 3
Ilesanmi, P.A (2000), Entrepreneurship Development, Kola Success Publications, Ilorin, Nigeria.
Iwuagwu, O.(2007), The Entrepreneur Today. Business Day Newspaper, Thursday, May 10, 2007. Vol.6, No 94,
P16.
OECD, Grayson D. (2004), Entrepreneurship Advice, Training and Mentoring for Urban Renewal; Perspectives
from the United Kingdom and Europe Pp 105-112
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