Global entrepreneurship monitor showed that there is a need to introduce entrepreneurship early in universities. This paper discussed four objectives, risk taking, creativity, and innovation that will contribute to the success of intention of university graduates which will help them to embrace entrepreneurship early and become successful in life and be self employed to reduce the cluster of pilling up seeking for a white collar job. This work examined entrepreneurship intention amongst undergraduates of selected universities in Anambra State theoretical framework was based on theory of Plan behaviour. The population of the study was 1929, the sample was determined using Borh and Gall of 1973 to be 371, data was generated by the use of questionnaire and was analysed using table and percentage further multiple regression analysis was conducted to test the hypothesis, multiple regression analysis was also used to access relative predictive power of independent variables on dependent variables. The result shows that Risk taking has a significant positive effect on the intentions of undergraduate students of selected universities in Anambra state. Creativity has a significant positive effect on intentions of undergraduate of selected universities in Anambra state. Innovativeness has a significant positive effect on the intentions of undergraduates of selected universities in Anambra state. The study concluded that with a more positive relationship with entrepreneurship and these variables it has a greater chance of success. The study recommended that efforts should be made by various universities mainly those selected in Anambra State to create awareness and help undergraduates to have an interest in entrepreneurship all added on their curriculum to help the student master what is involved in entrepreneurship early and embrace it for better living. Chinwe Gloria Obananya "Entrepreneurship Intention among Undergraduate Students of Selected Universities in Anambra State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd55115.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/55115/entrepreneurship-intention-among-undergraduate-students-of-selected-universities-in-anambra-state/chinwe-gloria-obananya
Integration of Traditional Business School Models to Entrepreneurship Develop...ijtsrd
The document discusses integrating traditional business school models in Nigeria to promote entrepreneurship and job creation. It notes high unemployment in Nigeria and various past government programs that failed to address it. The paper advocates integrating the Igbo apprenticeship system, which is an informal entrepreneurial training model, to develop skills and foster entrepreneurship. It suggests bringing more of the informal sector into the formal economy with better policies and regulations. The apprenticeship system provides on-the-job training over many years and has proven effective in reducing poverty and empowering communities. The paper argues for incorporating current business opportunities into education to further promote entrepreneurship development and job creation in Nigeria.
Apprenticeship and Entrepreneurship Development among Igbo Traders in Nigeriaijtsrd
The soaring poverty and unemployment rate in Nigeria orchestrated by rising business mortality has engendered the awakened interest for empirical investigation into apprenticeship and entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. The study sought to determine the extent to which start up capital, business skill, tenure of apprenticeship, mentorship and business tolerance has influence survival rate among Igbo traders. The questionnaire was used for collection of data on a sample of 348 respondents drawn from two major markets in southeast Nigeria using multi staged sampling technique. Data collected were analyzed using t test statistics and the linear regression model. Findings revealed that start up capital, business skills, tenure of apprenticeship, mentoring, business tolerance and financial discipline has a direct and positive relationship with survival rate among Igbo traders in South East, Nigeria. However, from the hypothesis tested, it was revealed that all the variable construct start up capital, mentoring, business skills, tenure of apprenticeship and business tolerance have significant influence on the survival rate among Igbo traders in South East, Nigeria. Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made To ensure that start up capital are dully provided to apprentice, parents and representative of the apprentice should ensure a legally documented agreement between the master and the apprentice. Parents and representatives of the apprentice should advise their ward on the need to be patient and diligent to carefully learn the business skills from the master because this is the basis for apprenticeship. Parents and representatives of the apprentice should advise their ward to ensure that they complete their apprenticeship. This is important as tenure of apprenticeship is imperative for developing the needed business skills for entrepreneurship development. Masters should endeavour to mentor their apprentice because through mentoring they can build very strong business synergy in the long run. The apprentice should remain steadfast and focused in learning the trade. This will help him develop the needed resilience and tolerance for entrepreneurship development. Orogbu, Lilian Obiageli | Onyeizugbe, Chinedu Uzochukwu | Onuzulike-Chukwuemeka, Nkechi F "Apprenticeship and Entrepreneurship Development among Igbo Traders in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47561.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/mis-and-retail-management/47561/apprenticeship-and-entrepreneurship-development-among-igbo-traders-in-nigeria/orogbu-lilian-obiageli
Entrepreneurs Level of Education and Performance of Selected Manufacturing Fi...ijtsrd
This study was necessitated by the perceived unimpressive performance of the Nigeria manufacturing sector when compared to other developing economies. It therefore examines entrepreneurs level of education and performance of selected manufacturing firms in Anambra state using multiple econometric models. Findings reveal that there is no significant relationship between entrepreneurs with non degree certificate and the return on investment of the selected manufacturing firms in Anambra state. Entrepreneurs with degree certificate were identified to have significant positive relationship on the return on investment of the selected manufacturing firms in Anambra state. Based on the analysis and findings of this study, the researcher therefore recommends that degree and higher education certificate awareness for entrepreneurs and intending entrepreneurs by the government is important to enable them develop the intellectuality for growing a business. This will help address the challenge of business failures. Agencies that regulate manufacturing firms should formulate policies that will facilitate the acquisition of higher educational qualification by entrepreneurs, because of its potential in improving firms' growth performance. Agbasi, Obianuju Emmanuela | Edoko, Tonna David | Nwangene, Ogochukwu Christian "Entrepreneurs' Level of Education and Performance of Selected Manufacturing Firms in Anambra State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25299.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/25299/entrepreneurs-level-of-education-and-performance-of-selected-manufacturing-firms-in-anambra-state-nigeria/agbasi-obianuju-emmanuela
Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterpr...YogeshIJTSRD
Ineffective and poor entrepreneurial orientation seems to adversely affect performance of small and medium scale enterprises SMEs in Nigeria. Thus, the study was designed to examine relationship that exists between entrepreneurial orientation and performance of SMEs in South Eastern Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design. The target population of the study comprised of 35,535 SMEs in South East Nigeria with a sample of 396 respondents, arrived at using Taro Yamane Formula. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using, frequency, percentage and mean. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to test the hypotheses at 5 level of significance. Results indicated that there exist a strong positive relationship between strategic orientation and market expansion of SMEs r=0.76, p value 0.05 and that there exist a strong positive relationship between market orientation and market sustainability of SMEs business activities r=0.83, p value 0.05 The study concluded that entrepreneurial orientation has positive impact on the performance of SMEs in South East Nigeria and recommended among others that SMEs need to embrace entrepreneurial orientation, strategic orientation and market orientation, to improve business performance. Chinedu Cosmas Onyemesi | Michael Augustine Ikon "Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMES) in South-Eastern Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43904.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/43904/entrepreneurial-orientation-and-performance-of-small-and-medium-scale-enterprises-smes-in-southeastern-nigeria/chinedu-cosmas-onyemesi
This document discusses how entrepreneurship education can help reduce unemployment. It examines how teaching entrepreneurial skills to students can motivate them to start their own businesses after graduation, thereby creating jobs and lowering unemployment rates. The study investigates the impact of practical entrepreneurship education programs at four Nigerian universities on ex-students who are now running businesses. A survey was conducted of 150 ex-students currently operating businesses. The findings showed that entrepreneurship education is effective at motivating and empowering students to become entrepreneurs and job creators rather than job seekers. This in turn can significantly help reduce unemployment. The document recommends taking entrepreneurship education seriously and encouraging students at all levels to engage in entrepreneurial activities.
Performance Implication of Entrepreneurial Orientation in South Eastern Niger...YogeshIJTSRD
The performance of small and medium scale enterprises SMEs in Nigeria seem to be adversely affected as a result of poor entrepreneurial orientation, hence, the need to carry out this study to identify the extent of the relationship that exists between proactiveness and customers patronage of SMEs in South East, Nigeria. Survey research design was adopted for the study, with a target population of 35,535 SMEs in the study region. A sample of 396 respondents were selected through the application of Taro Yamane Formula. Data collection was carried out through a structured questionnaire, while the analysis of the collected data was handled using descriptive and inferential statistics. Hypothesis was tested 5 level of significance. The Result revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between the proactiveness of SMEs and customer patronage r= 0.55 p value 0.05 . The study, therefore, concluded that entrepreneurial orientation is a key part of the survival strategies of SMEs as the proactiveness of the SMEs go a long way in building confidence in customers and retaining their patronage. Sequel to this, it was recommended among others, that the management of small businesses should build their anticipatory capacity to be able to take proactive steps to remedy situations to avoid devastating effects in the future. Chinedu Cosmas Onyemesi | Faith Chidi Onwuchekwa | Chike Kanayo Nwosu "Performance Implication of Entrepreneurial Orientation in South-Eastern Nigeria: A Small and Medium Scale Enterprises Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43930.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/43930/performance-implication-of-entrepreneurial-orientation-in-southeastern-nigeria-a-small-and-medium-scale-enterprises-perspective/chinedu-cosmas-onyemesi
A STUDY ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP ATTITUDE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTSLori Head
This document summarizes a study on entrepreneurship attitudes among college students. The study assessed college students' attitudes towards entrepreneurship and the barriers they face in pursuing entrepreneurship as a career. It found that most students have a positive view of entrepreneurship, seeing it as economically beneficial, but many are dissatisfied with the infrastructure available in their communities to start new businesses. The study aims to help policymakers develop programs and policies to further promote entrepreneurship among students and cultivate an entrepreneurial mindset.
Integration of Traditional Business School Models to Entrepreneurship Develop...ijtsrd
The document discusses integrating traditional business school models in Nigeria to promote entrepreneurship and job creation. It notes high unemployment in Nigeria and various past government programs that failed to address it. The paper advocates integrating the Igbo apprenticeship system, which is an informal entrepreneurial training model, to develop skills and foster entrepreneurship. It suggests bringing more of the informal sector into the formal economy with better policies and regulations. The apprenticeship system provides on-the-job training over many years and has proven effective in reducing poverty and empowering communities. The paper argues for incorporating current business opportunities into education to further promote entrepreneurship development and job creation in Nigeria.
Apprenticeship and Entrepreneurship Development among Igbo Traders in Nigeriaijtsrd
The soaring poverty and unemployment rate in Nigeria orchestrated by rising business mortality has engendered the awakened interest for empirical investigation into apprenticeship and entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. The study sought to determine the extent to which start up capital, business skill, tenure of apprenticeship, mentorship and business tolerance has influence survival rate among Igbo traders. The questionnaire was used for collection of data on a sample of 348 respondents drawn from two major markets in southeast Nigeria using multi staged sampling technique. Data collected were analyzed using t test statistics and the linear regression model. Findings revealed that start up capital, business skills, tenure of apprenticeship, mentoring, business tolerance and financial discipline has a direct and positive relationship with survival rate among Igbo traders in South East, Nigeria. However, from the hypothesis tested, it was revealed that all the variable construct start up capital, mentoring, business skills, tenure of apprenticeship and business tolerance have significant influence on the survival rate among Igbo traders in South East, Nigeria. Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made To ensure that start up capital are dully provided to apprentice, parents and representative of the apprentice should ensure a legally documented agreement between the master and the apprentice. Parents and representatives of the apprentice should advise their ward on the need to be patient and diligent to carefully learn the business skills from the master because this is the basis for apprenticeship. Parents and representatives of the apprentice should advise their ward to ensure that they complete their apprenticeship. This is important as tenure of apprenticeship is imperative for developing the needed business skills for entrepreneurship development. Masters should endeavour to mentor their apprentice because through mentoring they can build very strong business synergy in the long run. The apprentice should remain steadfast and focused in learning the trade. This will help him develop the needed resilience and tolerance for entrepreneurship development. Orogbu, Lilian Obiageli | Onyeizugbe, Chinedu Uzochukwu | Onuzulike-Chukwuemeka, Nkechi F "Apprenticeship and Entrepreneurship Development among Igbo Traders in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47561.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/mis-and-retail-management/47561/apprenticeship-and-entrepreneurship-development-among-igbo-traders-in-nigeria/orogbu-lilian-obiageli
Entrepreneurs Level of Education and Performance of Selected Manufacturing Fi...ijtsrd
This study was necessitated by the perceived unimpressive performance of the Nigeria manufacturing sector when compared to other developing economies. It therefore examines entrepreneurs level of education and performance of selected manufacturing firms in Anambra state using multiple econometric models. Findings reveal that there is no significant relationship between entrepreneurs with non degree certificate and the return on investment of the selected manufacturing firms in Anambra state. Entrepreneurs with degree certificate were identified to have significant positive relationship on the return on investment of the selected manufacturing firms in Anambra state. Based on the analysis and findings of this study, the researcher therefore recommends that degree and higher education certificate awareness for entrepreneurs and intending entrepreneurs by the government is important to enable them develop the intellectuality for growing a business. This will help address the challenge of business failures. Agencies that regulate manufacturing firms should formulate policies that will facilitate the acquisition of higher educational qualification by entrepreneurs, because of its potential in improving firms' growth performance. Agbasi, Obianuju Emmanuela | Edoko, Tonna David | Nwangene, Ogochukwu Christian "Entrepreneurs' Level of Education and Performance of Selected Manufacturing Firms in Anambra State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd25299.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/25299/entrepreneurs-level-of-education-and-performance-of-selected-manufacturing-firms-in-anambra-state-nigeria/agbasi-obianuju-emmanuela
Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterpr...YogeshIJTSRD
Ineffective and poor entrepreneurial orientation seems to adversely affect performance of small and medium scale enterprises SMEs in Nigeria. Thus, the study was designed to examine relationship that exists between entrepreneurial orientation and performance of SMEs in South Eastern Nigeria. The study adopted a survey research design. The target population of the study comprised of 35,535 SMEs in South East Nigeria with a sample of 396 respondents, arrived at using Taro Yamane Formula. Data was collected using structured questionnaire and analyzed using, frequency, percentage and mean. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to test the hypotheses at 5 level of significance. Results indicated that there exist a strong positive relationship between strategic orientation and market expansion of SMEs r=0.76, p value 0.05 and that there exist a strong positive relationship between market orientation and market sustainability of SMEs business activities r=0.83, p value 0.05 The study concluded that entrepreneurial orientation has positive impact on the performance of SMEs in South East Nigeria and recommended among others that SMEs need to embrace entrepreneurial orientation, strategic orientation and market orientation, to improve business performance. Chinedu Cosmas Onyemesi | Michael Augustine Ikon "Entrepreneurial Orientation and Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SMES) in South-Eastern Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43904.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/43904/entrepreneurial-orientation-and-performance-of-small-and-medium-scale-enterprises-smes-in-southeastern-nigeria/chinedu-cosmas-onyemesi
This document discusses how entrepreneurship education can help reduce unemployment. It examines how teaching entrepreneurial skills to students can motivate them to start their own businesses after graduation, thereby creating jobs and lowering unemployment rates. The study investigates the impact of practical entrepreneurship education programs at four Nigerian universities on ex-students who are now running businesses. A survey was conducted of 150 ex-students currently operating businesses. The findings showed that entrepreneurship education is effective at motivating and empowering students to become entrepreneurs and job creators rather than job seekers. This in turn can significantly help reduce unemployment. The document recommends taking entrepreneurship education seriously and encouraging students at all levels to engage in entrepreneurial activities.
Performance Implication of Entrepreneurial Orientation in South Eastern Niger...YogeshIJTSRD
The performance of small and medium scale enterprises SMEs in Nigeria seem to be adversely affected as a result of poor entrepreneurial orientation, hence, the need to carry out this study to identify the extent of the relationship that exists between proactiveness and customers patronage of SMEs in South East, Nigeria. Survey research design was adopted for the study, with a target population of 35,535 SMEs in the study region. A sample of 396 respondents were selected through the application of Taro Yamane Formula. Data collection was carried out through a structured questionnaire, while the analysis of the collected data was handled using descriptive and inferential statistics. Hypothesis was tested 5 level of significance. The Result revealed that there is a positive significant relationship between the proactiveness of SMEs and customer patronage r= 0.55 p value 0.05 . The study, therefore, concluded that entrepreneurial orientation is a key part of the survival strategies of SMEs as the proactiveness of the SMEs go a long way in building confidence in customers and retaining their patronage. Sequel to this, it was recommended among others, that the management of small businesses should build their anticipatory capacity to be able to take proactive steps to remedy situations to avoid devastating effects in the future. Chinedu Cosmas Onyemesi | Faith Chidi Onwuchekwa | Chike Kanayo Nwosu "Performance Implication of Entrepreneurial Orientation in South-Eastern Nigeria: A Small and Medium Scale Enterprises Perspective" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43930.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-economics/43930/performance-implication-of-entrepreneurial-orientation-in-southeastern-nigeria-a-small-and-medium-scale-enterprises-perspective/chinedu-cosmas-onyemesi
A STUDY ON ENTREPRENEURSHIP ATTITUDE AMONG COLLEGE STUDENTSLori Head
This document summarizes a study on entrepreneurship attitudes among college students. The study assessed college students' attitudes towards entrepreneurship and the barriers they face in pursuing entrepreneurship as a career. It found that most students have a positive view of entrepreneurship, seeing it as economically beneficial, but many are dissatisfied with the infrastructure available in their communities to start new businesses. The study aims to help policymakers develop programs and policies to further promote entrepreneurship among students and cultivate an entrepreneurial mindset.
Role of Entrepreneurship Education in Development and Promotion of Entreprene...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Education in the area of entrepreneurship plays a significant role in the development of entrepreneurial skills in the individuals. It may help youth to develop skill, ability of decision making, risk taking ability, manage any situation, and proper acquisition of knowledge which could benefit them for starting, organizing and managing their own enterprises and became helpful in economic development. The target population is 417 graduates or post graduates students from the Entrepreneurship Development Cells (EDC) of premier institutions (two government and two private institutions) in which 136 were selected randomly as a sample for study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data with the help of SPSS 22.0 software. Present study evidences the role of EDCs in the skill development of male and female is equal in all components like ability of taking decisions, creativity, Research, Development and Innovation, taking initiatives and so on. Entrepreneur development cells of any institutions, programs and their faculties haven’t made any difference on the basic of gender. Their all programs are equal for all.
Role of Entrepreneurship Education in Development and Promotion of Entreprene...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Education in the area of entrepreneurship plays a significant role in the development of entrepreneurial skills in the individuals. It may help youth to develop skill, ability of decision making, risk taking ability, manage any situation, and proper acquisition of knowledge which could benefit them for starting, organizing and managing their own enterprises and became helpful in economic development. The target population is 417 graduates or post graduates students from the Entrepreneurship Development Cells (EDC) of premier institutions (two government and two private institutions) in which 136 were selected randomly as a sample for study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data with the help of SPSS 22.0 software. Present study evidences the role of EDCs in the skill development of male and female is equal in all components like ability of taking decisions, creativity, Research, Development and Innovation, taking initiatives and so on. Entrepreneur development cells of any institutions, programs and their faculties haven’t made any difference on the basic of gender. Their all programs are equal for all.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the importance of capacity building and infrastructure development for the entrepreneurial practices of university graduates in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study found that 60% of male and 70% of female respondents agreed that capacity building and infrastructure development are important. There was no significant difference between male and female respondents in their views. The study concluded that capacity building and infrastructure development are both important to enhance entrepreneurial practices among university graduates in Bayelsa State.
Government Intervention, Subjective Norms and the Entrepreneurial Intentions ...ijtsrd
The economic situation presently in Nigeria is such that there is massive youth unemployment and underemployment in Nigeria. The situation as a result has made it difficult to access assistance from family and friends. The main objective of this paper was the investigation of the effect of government interventions and subjective norms on the entrepreneurial intentions of graduates of Nigeria Universities. A sequential mixed research design was adopted. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit responses from graduates of two universities located in Anambra State, Nigeria. A census of the 391 graduates was conducted. Interviews were conducted using ten selected purposively graduates from the sample. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to carry out moderated and mediated regression analyses. The data collected were analysed to enable the assessment of the impact of government intervention and subjective norm predictor on entrepreneurial intention dependent variable . The results showed significant mediated and moderated relationships which implied that government intervention explained the relationship between this predictor and subjective norm, and the entrepreneurial intention. It was the finding of the study that there is a need for government to urgently ensure a conducive environment that provides the improvement of the economic situation, thereby generally giving hope to the youths and enabling family and friends to be able to encourage, advise, and give financial support to the graduates. Government should be sincere and equitable in the distribution of intervention programmes targeting youths and the graduates and should guarantee equity in the implementation of government programmes. Uzoka, Onyechi Leonard | Nwaizugbo, I. Chukwudi "Government Intervention, Subjective Norms and the Entrepreneurial Intentions of Nigerian University Graduates" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43691.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/other/43691/government-intervention-subjective-norms-and-the-entrepreneurial-intentions-of-nigerian-university-graduates/uzoka-onyechi-leonard
Promoting Economic Security and Employment Generation through Effective Manag...iosrjce
This paper focused on promoting economic security and employment generation through effective
management of education and entrepreneurial skills in Nigeria. Highlighted in the paper were some means
through which economic security, employment generation and entrepreneurial skills could be enhanced for
students in tertiary institutions. The definition of some terms was outlined. Further discussed in the paper were:
the importance of developing entrepreneurial skills curriculum in education; managing education through
effective utilization of entrepreneurship education for promotion of economic security and employment
generation; and the challenges affecting effective utilization of entrepreneurship education for promotion of
economic security and employment generation. Some recommendations were proffered towards managing
education through effective utilization of entrepreneurship education as means for promoting economic and
employment generation. Among such recommendations included: education stakeholders and government
should ensure adequate funding of education; and effective propagation and utilization of entrepreneurship
education into the school curricular. This should be done throughout all the levels of education from basic
education, secondary education and higher education in order to inculcate into individuals entrepreneurial
skills that will promote economic security and employment generation.
An assessment of entrepreneurship involvement among undergraduate students of...Alexander Decker
This document evaluates entrepreneurship involvement among undergraduate students at Cross River State University of Technology in Nigeria. It finds that the main motivations for students to start businesses were the need for money, desire to become self-reliant, and desire to be employers. The most common sources of entrepreneurship awareness for students were the university's internship program and parental occupations. Students reported the main benefits of starting businesses were becoming less dependent on parents and having the opportunity for self-employment. Funding mainly came from parents and personal savings. There was a strong positive correlation found between students' entrepreneurship involvement and income diversification.
Universities have been identified as knowledge creation centres, where knowledge
can be created and transferred for social and economic benefits and advancement.
What makes them relevant now is that we are in the knowledge era where knowledge
has become the currency for facilitating sustainable development; hence, the role of
universities, as knowledge creation centres, has become more relevant. This relevance
is reflected in their potential to generate ideas and knowledge that can become products
and companies when harnessed. The gap, however, has been that a lot of the knowledge
created by universities has not gone beyond the idea or prototype stage. This study,
thus, proposes a framework to harness knowledge created in and by universities to take
them from the concept stage to the product stage and then to the startup stage, hence,
making them factories for startup companies
Students' Interest in Entrepreneurial Education A Correlate of Home, School a...ijtsrd
Entrepreneurial education EE is one of the fastest growing fields of education globally, yet the areas of "what" should be taught in these programs and "how" to teach them have been mentioned by many researchers as ones that lack both consensus and devoted attention. The purpose for this research work is to provide a detailed influence of teachers, parents and students interest in the study of entrepreneurial education. This research uses a systematic literature review to help review the literature in a transparent and unbiased way. The method used for this research is the quantitative research method. Questionnaires served as the major technique for data collection, which were further analyzed using the descriptive survey research design into SPSS. Findings from this research show that students have interest and the desire to become self reliant after graduation, which may be so because their parents are self reliant. Unfortunately, teachers who teach entrepreneurial subjects are not specially trained to do so, neither are they entrepreneurs. Worst still, schools do not make provisions for students to practically learn new skills, as such, the training which students receive is not enough for them to become self reliant after graduation. Both students, parents and schools must, therefore, play their different roles as identified by this research to inculcate in the students, problem solving skill and self reliance. Abetang, Mary Achenushure | Abetang, Esther Akpochenere "Students' Interest in Entrepreneurial Education: A Correlate of Home, School and Learners' Factors in Akinyele Local Government, Oyo State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31143.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/education/31143/students%E2%80%99-interest-in-entrepreneurial-education-a-correlate-of-home-school-and-learners%E2%80%99-factors-in-akinyele-local-government-oyo-state-nigeria/abetang-mary-achenushure
Entrepreneurship education and attitude of undergraduate students to self emp...Alexander Decker
Entrepreneurship education aims to encourage self-employment among university students by providing them skills to start their own businesses. The study explored how entrepreneurship education influences the attitudes of undergraduate students in Mubi, Nigeria toward self-employment. It found that exposure to entrepreneurship education benefited students by influencing their intentions toward self-employment, enriching their knowledge of starting a business, and changing their perceptions of self-employment as a career. The study recommends including entrepreneurship education in the curricula of all Nigerian educational institutions to help address unemployment among graduates.
Entrepreneurial Knowledge and Job Creation in Selected Small and Medium Enter...ijtsrd
Few studies have critically examined the impact of entrepreneurial expertise on job creation despite the abundance of research on Nigerias SME sector. This is because the skills required to start a firm differ from those required to run one. The study therefore examined the relationship between entrepreneurial knowledge and job creation in Edo State Nigeria. This studys primary goal is to find out how factors related to an entrepreneurial knowledge relate with job creation in Edo State. A cross sectional survey research design was used for this investigation. To investigate the link between the variables under inquiry, inferential statistics were employed. The results showed that entrepreneurial knowledge have a major impact on the creation of jobs in a specific group of SMEs in Edo State, Nigeria. Owner managers of the selected SMEs in Edo State to pay attention and resources to ensure that they upgrade their entrepreneurial knowledge so that it can enhance its capacity to create jobs for the citizens. Oguh Festus Aruoriwo | Iyamah Edward Enolunosen "Entrepreneurial Knowledge and Job Creation in Selected Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Edo State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-6 , December 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd61309.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/61309/entrepreneurial-knowledge-and-job-creation-in-selected-small-and-medium-enterprises-smes-in-edo-state/oguh-festus-aruoriwo
This document summarizes a research study that examined the moderating effects of entrepreneurship training on new venture creation. The study investigated how opportunity seeking, motivation, resources, and abilities influence readiness for new venture creation, and whether entrepreneurship training moderates these relationships. A survey was administered to 490 students across various faculties at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia. The findings revealed that opportunity seeking, motivation, and resources were positively related to readiness for new venture creation, but abilities were not. However, entrepreneurship training was found to moderate the relationships between abilities and the other factors with readiness for new venture creation. The study provides empirical evidence that entrepreneurship training can positively influence human capital factors and readiness for new venture creation.
This document summarizes a research study that assessed the impact of public sector interventions on business start-up rates among university entrepreneurship graduates in Nigeria. The study used a mixed-methods approach, surveying 391 graduates and interviewing 10. The results found that graduates exhibited high levels of entrepreneurial awareness and willingness to start businesses despite challenges in Nigeria's business environment. The study recommends that the government continue supporting university entrepreneurship programs and work to address obstacles in the business environment hindering new venture formation.
Role of Finance and Organizational Climate on Entrepreneurial Development amo...ijtsrd
Entrepreneurship is a key driver of economic growth and economic development. It is also a medium through which unemployment can be reduced and innovation can be promoted. It is a fact to say that entrepreneurship is a panacea for poverty reduction and eradication which is one of the cardinal eight point agenda of Millennium Development Goals. Entrepreneurship is seen as a key vehicle for employment creation, creation of economic wealth, and an essential means of enhancing the innovation dynamics in the local, regional and national economies Chris 2010 . Entrepreneurship provides a satisfying and rewarding working life, provides a flexible lifestyle and considerable business autonomy. It is becoming an increasingly important career option for unemployed people, secondary school and university graduates. At the national level, entrepreneurial activity contributes to economic growth and economic development Chris 2010 . Many researchers have written extensively on entrepreneurship and its effectiveness to the development of any given economy. Akanni 2008 further opined that the experiences of developed economies in relation to the roles played by entrepreneurship buttresses the fact that the significance of entrepreneurship cannot be overemphasize particularly among developing countries. In order to highlight its importance in relation to the growth and development of a given economy, entrepreneurship has been variously referred to as "source of economic growth". This is because entrepreneurial activities have been found to be capable of making positive impact on the economy of a nation and the quality of life of the people Adejumo, 2000 . Ojo Adeshina Akinwumi | Abifarin Olusola Michael | Dr. Okoklie Emmanuel Azuka "Role of Finance and Organizational Climate on Entrepreneurial Development among Selected Residents" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30297.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/30297/role-of-finance-and-organizational-climate-on-entrepreneurial-development-among-selected-residents/ojo-adeshina-akinwumi
Financial Literacy and Financial Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises ...ijtsrd
This document examines the relationship between financial literacy and financial performance among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Lagos State, Nigeria. It reviews literature on key concepts like financial education, knowledge, behavior, and performance. A survey was conducted of 384 SMEs across Lagos State. Regression analysis revealed a relationship between financial literacy and performance. Specifically, SMEs in Lagos State were found to lack financial education and knowledge, have poor cash flow management and financial discipline, undermining their financial performance. The study recommends that SMEs engage accountants and financial training to improve literacy and enable better financial growth.
This study assessed the entrepreneurial propensity of Nigerian university students by examining their involvement in and interest towards entrepreneurship. The researchers surveyed penultimate and final year undergraduates at the University of Ibadan using a questionnaire. The results showed that 90.8% of students were interested in starting their own business, with one in five already involved in a business while in school. Students' current entrepreneurial involvement was correlated with their marital status, father's income, having taken an entrepreneurship course, and concern for risk. Their interest in future entrepreneurship was correlated with having a close relative who was an entrepreneur and taking an entrepreneurship course. The researchers concluded that entrepreneurship training could stimulate students' interest, but actual
This document summarizes a study that examined differences in entrepreneurial determination between Malaysian and Indonesian university students. The study surveyed 778 students from 5 Malaysian and 6 Indonesian universities. It found that entrepreneurial determination was moderately high among respondents from both countries. However, entrepreneurial determination differed significantly between genders among Malaysian students, with male students showing higher levels, though this difference was not observed among Indonesian students. The study aimed to understand levels of entrepreneurial determination and differences based on country and personal demographics, in order to help foster entrepreneurship among youth in Malaysia and Indonesia.
Knowledge Management and Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Anambra State,...ijtsrd
This study empirically investigated the influence of knowledge management on performance of quoted money deposit banks in Anambra State, Nigeria. A survey research design was adopted in the study, with closed ended questionnaire designed using 5 Likert scale as the research instrument. Using purposive and convenience sampling technique, a sample of 84 senior staff were drawn from population of 14 money deposit banks in Anambra State. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics tables, figures, percentages and ratios and hypotheses tested using regression, T test and F test statistics. The findings show that all the components of knowledge management KM Knowledge acquisition KA , Knowledge Conversion KC and Knowledge application KAP in aggregate are statistically significantly related to organizational performance measured in non financial terms. The study concluded that when knowledge is managed effectively in an organization, it will lead to favorable outcomes that enhance performance. The study recommended embedment of knowledge management philosophy in Nigerian money deposit banking sector. Agogbua, Stanley Ndubisi | Nzewi, Ugochukwu C "Knowledge Management and Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Anambra State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50436.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/50436/knowledge-management-and-performance-of-deposit-money-banks-in-anambra-state-nigeria/agogbua-stanley-ndubisi
The study was carried out to explore the relationship between entrepreneurship and sustainable development in
Nigeria based on the Dangote phenomenon. Entrepreneurship implicates the state of being an entrepreneur. The
entrepreneurship process leads to employment generation and poverty reduction all of which help in sustainable
development, which is the type of development that protects the environment, meets the current needs of society and
also enables future generations to meet their own needs. Entrepreneurship is concerned with change because it is
capable of creating opportunities and threats. The consequences of change may present viable business opportunities
or render current products or services obsolete. Therefore, a meaningful entrepreneurship research must provide
necessary information about successful entrepreneurs as a guide. The qualitative case study approach was employed
for the study, empirical literature provided relevant information for analysis and it was found that entrepreneurship
has significant positive relationship with sustainable development.
the effect of entrepreneurship education Ayobami Lawal
This document summarizes a research study on the effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention among students at tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The study surveyed 381 students from a university, polytechnic, college of education, and satellite campus. The findings showed that students had a positive attitude towards entrepreneurship education and enjoyed the practical examples. Many students intended to start their own business after graduation. The document provides background on theories of entrepreneurship education and intention. It discusses the need to encourage students to consider entrepreneurship as an alternative career given limited job opportunities. Tertiary institutions are encouraged to better support entrepreneurship education through facilities, infrastructure, and training to promote employment and economic development.
Enhancement of critical thinking skills of vocational and adult education stu...Alexander Decker
This document discusses strategies for enhancing critical thinking skills among vocational and adult education students in Nigeria. It finds that skills like analyzing, evaluating, and challenging assumptions are important. Some identified strategies include debate, group discussion, solving problems/puzzles, and capacity building programs for lecturers. The goal is to develop students' critical thinking to promote entrepreneurship and employability.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
More Related Content
Similar to Entrepreneurship Intention among Undergraduate Students of Selected Universities in Anambra State
Role of Entrepreneurship Education in Development and Promotion of Entreprene...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Education in the area of entrepreneurship plays a significant role in the development of entrepreneurial skills in the individuals. It may help youth to develop skill, ability of decision making, risk taking ability, manage any situation, and proper acquisition of knowledge which could benefit them for starting, organizing and managing their own enterprises and became helpful in economic development. The target population is 417 graduates or post graduates students from the Entrepreneurship Development Cells (EDC) of premier institutions (two government and two private institutions) in which 136 were selected randomly as a sample for study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data with the help of SPSS 22.0 software. Present study evidences the role of EDCs in the skill development of male and female is equal in all components like ability of taking decisions, creativity, Research, Development and Innovation, taking initiatives and so on. Entrepreneur development cells of any institutions, programs and their faculties haven’t made any difference on the basic of gender. Their all programs are equal for all.
Role of Entrepreneurship Education in Development and Promotion of Entreprene...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Education in the area of entrepreneurship plays a significant role in the development of entrepreneurial skills in the individuals. It may help youth to develop skill, ability of decision making, risk taking ability, manage any situation, and proper acquisition of knowledge which could benefit them for starting, organizing and managing their own enterprises and became helpful in economic development. The target population is 417 graduates or post graduates students from the Entrepreneurship Development Cells (EDC) of premier institutions (two government and two private institutions) in which 136 were selected randomly as a sample for study. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for analyzing the data with the help of SPSS 22.0 software. Present study evidences the role of EDCs in the skill development of male and female is equal in all components like ability of taking decisions, creativity, Research, Development and Innovation, taking initiatives and so on. Entrepreneur development cells of any institutions, programs and their faculties haven’t made any difference on the basic of gender. Their all programs are equal for all.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the importance of capacity building and infrastructure development for the entrepreneurial practices of university graduates in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. The study found that 60% of male and 70% of female respondents agreed that capacity building and infrastructure development are important. There was no significant difference between male and female respondents in their views. The study concluded that capacity building and infrastructure development are both important to enhance entrepreneurial practices among university graduates in Bayelsa State.
Government Intervention, Subjective Norms and the Entrepreneurial Intentions ...ijtsrd
The economic situation presently in Nigeria is such that there is massive youth unemployment and underemployment in Nigeria. The situation as a result has made it difficult to access assistance from family and friends. The main objective of this paper was the investigation of the effect of government interventions and subjective norms on the entrepreneurial intentions of graduates of Nigeria Universities. A sequential mixed research design was adopted. A structured questionnaire was used to elicit responses from graduates of two universities located in Anambra State, Nigeria. A census of the 391 graduates was conducted. Interviews were conducted using ten selected purposively graduates from the sample. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was used to carry out moderated and mediated regression analyses. The data collected were analysed to enable the assessment of the impact of government intervention and subjective norm predictor on entrepreneurial intention dependent variable . The results showed significant mediated and moderated relationships which implied that government intervention explained the relationship between this predictor and subjective norm, and the entrepreneurial intention. It was the finding of the study that there is a need for government to urgently ensure a conducive environment that provides the improvement of the economic situation, thereby generally giving hope to the youths and enabling family and friends to be able to encourage, advise, and give financial support to the graduates. Government should be sincere and equitable in the distribution of intervention programmes targeting youths and the graduates and should guarantee equity in the implementation of government programmes. Uzoka, Onyechi Leonard | Nwaizugbo, I. Chukwudi "Government Intervention, Subjective Norms and the Entrepreneurial Intentions of Nigerian University Graduates" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43691.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/other/43691/government-intervention-subjective-norms-and-the-entrepreneurial-intentions-of-nigerian-university-graduates/uzoka-onyechi-leonard
Promoting Economic Security and Employment Generation through Effective Manag...iosrjce
This paper focused on promoting economic security and employment generation through effective
management of education and entrepreneurial skills in Nigeria. Highlighted in the paper were some means
through which economic security, employment generation and entrepreneurial skills could be enhanced for
students in tertiary institutions. The definition of some terms was outlined. Further discussed in the paper were:
the importance of developing entrepreneurial skills curriculum in education; managing education through
effective utilization of entrepreneurship education for promotion of economic security and employment
generation; and the challenges affecting effective utilization of entrepreneurship education for promotion of
economic security and employment generation. Some recommendations were proffered towards managing
education through effective utilization of entrepreneurship education as means for promoting economic and
employment generation. Among such recommendations included: education stakeholders and government
should ensure adequate funding of education; and effective propagation and utilization of entrepreneurship
education into the school curricular. This should be done throughout all the levels of education from basic
education, secondary education and higher education in order to inculcate into individuals entrepreneurial
skills that will promote economic security and employment generation.
An assessment of entrepreneurship involvement among undergraduate students of...Alexander Decker
This document evaluates entrepreneurship involvement among undergraduate students at Cross River State University of Technology in Nigeria. It finds that the main motivations for students to start businesses were the need for money, desire to become self-reliant, and desire to be employers. The most common sources of entrepreneurship awareness for students were the university's internship program and parental occupations. Students reported the main benefits of starting businesses were becoming less dependent on parents and having the opportunity for self-employment. Funding mainly came from parents and personal savings. There was a strong positive correlation found between students' entrepreneurship involvement and income diversification.
Universities have been identified as knowledge creation centres, where knowledge
can be created and transferred for social and economic benefits and advancement.
What makes them relevant now is that we are in the knowledge era where knowledge
has become the currency for facilitating sustainable development; hence, the role of
universities, as knowledge creation centres, has become more relevant. This relevance
is reflected in their potential to generate ideas and knowledge that can become products
and companies when harnessed. The gap, however, has been that a lot of the knowledge
created by universities has not gone beyond the idea or prototype stage. This study,
thus, proposes a framework to harness knowledge created in and by universities to take
them from the concept stage to the product stage and then to the startup stage, hence,
making them factories for startup companies
Students' Interest in Entrepreneurial Education A Correlate of Home, School a...ijtsrd
Entrepreneurial education EE is one of the fastest growing fields of education globally, yet the areas of "what" should be taught in these programs and "how" to teach them have been mentioned by many researchers as ones that lack both consensus and devoted attention. The purpose for this research work is to provide a detailed influence of teachers, parents and students interest in the study of entrepreneurial education. This research uses a systematic literature review to help review the literature in a transparent and unbiased way. The method used for this research is the quantitative research method. Questionnaires served as the major technique for data collection, which were further analyzed using the descriptive survey research design into SPSS. Findings from this research show that students have interest and the desire to become self reliant after graduation, which may be so because their parents are self reliant. Unfortunately, teachers who teach entrepreneurial subjects are not specially trained to do so, neither are they entrepreneurs. Worst still, schools do not make provisions for students to practically learn new skills, as such, the training which students receive is not enough for them to become self reliant after graduation. Both students, parents and schools must, therefore, play their different roles as identified by this research to inculcate in the students, problem solving skill and self reliance. Abetang, Mary Achenushure | Abetang, Esther Akpochenere "Students' Interest in Entrepreneurial Education: A Correlate of Home, School and Learners' Factors in Akinyele Local Government, Oyo State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31143.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/home-science/education/31143/students%E2%80%99-interest-in-entrepreneurial-education-a-correlate-of-home-school-and-learners%E2%80%99-factors-in-akinyele-local-government-oyo-state-nigeria/abetang-mary-achenushure
Entrepreneurship education and attitude of undergraduate students to self emp...Alexander Decker
Entrepreneurship education aims to encourage self-employment among university students by providing them skills to start their own businesses. The study explored how entrepreneurship education influences the attitudes of undergraduate students in Mubi, Nigeria toward self-employment. It found that exposure to entrepreneurship education benefited students by influencing their intentions toward self-employment, enriching their knowledge of starting a business, and changing their perceptions of self-employment as a career. The study recommends including entrepreneurship education in the curricula of all Nigerian educational institutions to help address unemployment among graduates.
Entrepreneurial Knowledge and Job Creation in Selected Small and Medium Enter...ijtsrd
Few studies have critically examined the impact of entrepreneurial expertise on job creation despite the abundance of research on Nigerias SME sector. This is because the skills required to start a firm differ from those required to run one. The study therefore examined the relationship between entrepreneurial knowledge and job creation in Edo State Nigeria. This studys primary goal is to find out how factors related to an entrepreneurial knowledge relate with job creation in Edo State. A cross sectional survey research design was used for this investigation. To investigate the link between the variables under inquiry, inferential statistics were employed. The results showed that entrepreneurial knowledge have a major impact on the creation of jobs in a specific group of SMEs in Edo State, Nigeria. Owner managers of the selected SMEs in Edo State to pay attention and resources to ensure that they upgrade their entrepreneurial knowledge so that it can enhance its capacity to create jobs for the citizens. Oguh Festus Aruoriwo | Iyamah Edward Enolunosen "Entrepreneurial Knowledge and Job Creation in Selected Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Edo State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-6 , December 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd61309.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/business-administration/61309/entrepreneurial-knowledge-and-job-creation-in-selected-small-and-medium-enterprises-smes-in-edo-state/oguh-festus-aruoriwo
This document summarizes a research study that examined the moderating effects of entrepreneurship training on new venture creation. The study investigated how opportunity seeking, motivation, resources, and abilities influence readiness for new venture creation, and whether entrepreneurship training moderates these relationships. A survey was administered to 490 students across various faculties at Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia. The findings revealed that opportunity seeking, motivation, and resources were positively related to readiness for new venture creation, but abilities were not. However, entrepreneurship training was found to moderate the relationships between abilities and the other factors with readiness for new venture creation. The study provides empirical evidence that entrepreneurship training can positively influence human capital factors and readiness for new venture creation.
This document summarizes a research study that assessed the impact of public sector interventions on business start-up rates among university entrepreneurship graduates in Nigeria. The study used a mixed-methods approach, surveying 391 graduates and interviewing 10. The results found that graduates exhibited high levels of entrepreneurial awareness and willingness to start businesses despite challenges in Nigeria's business environment. The study recommends that the government continue supporting university entrepreneurship programs and work to address obstacles in the business environment hindering new venture formation.
Role of Finance and Organizational Climate on Entrepreneurial Development amo...ijtsrd
Entrepreneurship is a key driver of economic growth and economic development. It is also a medium through which unemployment can be reduced and innovation can be promoted. It is a fact to say that entrepreneurship is a panacea for poverty reduction and eradication which is one of the cardinal eight point agenda of Millennium Development Goals. Entrepreneurship is seen as a key vehicle for employment creation, creation of economic wealth, and an essential means of enhancing the innovation dynamics in the local, regional and national economies Chris 2010 . Entrepreneurship provides a satisfying and rewarding working life, provides a flexible lifestyle and considerable business autonomy. It is becoming an increasingly important career option for unemployed people, secondary school and university graduates. At the national level, entrepreneurial activity contributes to economic growth and economic development Chris 2010 . Many researchers have written extensively on entrepreneurship and its effectiveness to the development of any given economy. Akanni 2008 further opined that the experiences of developed economies in relation to the roles played by entrepreneurship buttresses the fact that the significance of entrepreneurship cannot be overemphasize particularly among developing countries. In order to highlight its importance in relation to the growth and development of a given economy, entrepreneurship has been variously referred to as "source of economic growth". This is because entrepreneurial activities have been found to be capable of making positive impact on the economy of a nation and the quality of life of the people Adejumo, 2000 . Ojo Adeshina Akinwumi | Abifarin Olusola Michael | Dr. Okoklie Emmanuel Azuka "Role of Finance and Organizational Climate on Entrepreneurial Development among Selected Residents" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30297.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/30297/role-of-finance-and-organizational-climate-on-entrepreneurial-development-among-selected-residents/ojo-adeshina-akinwumi
Financial Literacy and Financial Performance of Small and Medium Enterprises ...ijtsrd
This document examines the relationship between financial literacy and financial performance among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Lagos State, Nigeria. It reviews literature on key concepts like financial education, knowledge, behavior, and performance. A survey was conducted of 384 SMEs across Lagos State. Regression analysis revealed a relationship between financial literacy and performance. Specifically, SMEs in Lagos State were found to lack financial education and knowledge, have poor cash flow management and financial discipline, undermining their financial performance. The study recommends that SMEs engage accountants and financial training to improve literacy and enable better financial growth.
This study assessed the entrepreneurial propensity of Nigerian university students by examining their involvement in and interest towards entrepreneurship. The researchers surveyed penultimate and final year undergraduates at the University of Ibadan using a questionnaire. The results showed that 90.8% of students were interested in starting their own business, with one in five already involved in a business while in school. Students' current entrepreneurial involvement was correlated with their marital status, father's income, having taken an entrepreneurship course, and concern for risk. Their interest in future entrepreneurship was correlated with having a close relative who was an entrepreneur and taking an entrepreneurship course. The researchers concluded that entrepreneurship training could stimulate students' interest, but actual
This document summarizes a study that examined differences in entrepreneurial determination between Malaysian and Indonesian university students. The study surveyed 778 students from 5 Malaysian and 6 Indonesian universities. It found that entrepreneurial determination was moderately high among respondents from both countries. However, entrepreneurial determination differed significantly between genders among Malaysian students, with male students showing higher levels, though this difference was not observed among Indonesian students. The study aimed to understand levels of entrepreneurial determination and differences based on country and personal demographics, in order to help foster entrepreneurship among youth in Malaysia and Indonesia.
Knowledge Management and Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Anambra State,...ijtsrd
This study empirically investigated the influence of knowledge management on performance of quoted money deposit banks in Anambra State, Nigeria. A survey research design was adopted in the study, with closed ended questionnaire designed using 5 Likert scale as the research instrument. Using purposive and convenience sampling technique, a sample of 84 senior staff were drawn from population of 14 money deposit banks in Anambra State. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics tables, figures, percentages and ratios and hypotheses tested using regression, T test and F test statistics. The findings show that all the components of knowledge management KM Knowledge acquisition KA , Knowledge Conversion KC and Knowledge application KAP in aggregate are statistically significantly related to organizational performance measured in non financial terms. The study concluded that when knowledge is managed effectively in an organization, it will lead to favorable outcomes that enhance performance. The study recommended embedment of knowledge management philosophy in Nigerian money deposit banking sector. Agogbua, Stanley Ndubisi | Nzewi, Ugochukwu C "Knowledge Management and Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Anambra State, Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50436.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/50436/knowledge-management-and-performance-of-deposit-money-banks-in-anambra-state-nigeria/agogbua-stanley-ndubisi
The study was carried out to explore the relationship between entrepreneurship and sustainable development in
Nigeria based on the Dangote phenomenon. Entrepreneurship implicates the state of being an entrepreneur. The
entrepreneurship process leads to employment generation and poverty reduction all of which help in sustainable
development, which is the type of development that protects the environment, meets the current needs of society and
also enables future generations to meet their own needs. Entrepreneurship is concerned with change because it is
capable of creating opportunities and threats. The consequences of change may present viable business opportunities
or render current products or services obsolete. Therefore, a meaningful entrepreneurship research must provide
necessary information about successful entrepreneurs as a guide. The qualitative case study approach was employed
for the study, empirical literature provided relevant information for analysis and it was found that entrepreneurship
has significant positive relationship with sustainable development.
the effect of entrepreneurship education Ayobami Lawal
This document summarizes a research study on the effect of entrepreneurship education on entrepreneurial intention among students at tertiary institutions in Nigeria. The study surveyed 381 students from a university, polytechnic, college of education, and satellite campus. The findings showed that students had a positive attitude towards entrepreneurship education and enjoyed the practical examples. Many students intended to start their own business after graduation. The document provides background on theories of entrepreneurship education and intention. It discusses the need to encourage students to consider entrepreneurship as an alternative career given limited job opportunities. Tertiary institutions are encouraged to better support entrepreneurship education through facilities, infrastructure, and training to promote employment and economic development.
Enhancement of critical thinking skills of vocational and adult education stu...Alexander Decker
This document discusses strategies for enhancing critical thinking skills among vocational and adult education students in Nigeria. It finds that skills like analyzing, evaluating, and challenging assumptions are important. Some identified strategies include debate, group discussion, solving problems/puzzles, and capacity building programs for lecturers. The goal is to develop students' critical thinking to promote entrepreneurship and employability.
Similar to Entrepreneurship Intention among Undergraduate Students of Selected Universities in Anambra State (20)
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD55115 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 2 | March-April 2023 Page 657
career option but many graduates are still on the job
queue rather than becoming entrepreneurs (Kolawole,
2015).
Entrepreneurship as a process or activity revolves
around individuals acting singly or in conjunction
with other persons. It is, therefore, necessary to
examine whether there are basic factors or
characteristics which can facilitate or precede his or
her intention to become an entrepreneur. Based on the
assumption that the skills and knowledge required to
be are entrepreneur can be acquired through the
educational system, entrepreneurship education has
been adopted as one of the tools for self-
empowerment, wealth creation and mitigating
unemployment among young people (Okeke, Oboreh,
and Okonkwo 2016). It is therefore also necessary to
examine the extent to which it facilitates
entrepreneurial intention among graduates.
One major research area is students' intentions for an
entrepreneurial career. This is due to the fuel that
intention provides reasonable evidence of the
outcome of an entrepreneurship training program and
because intentions are good predictors of future
behaviour (Ajzen, 1991). Research on the extent to
which entrepreneurial education and training
influences an individual towards entrepreneurial
activity or determine entrepreneurial intention has not
been exhaustive. This was buttressed by Salihu
(2016) when he observed that many graduates have
acquired entrepreneurial knowledge and skills from
tertiary institutions but studies have not shown the
extent to which, this knowledge has helped them to
venture into a new business as a means of livelihood.
Nigerian graduates are exposed to compulsory
entrepreneurship education yet many graduates
remain unemployed several years after graduation.
Why would graduates still be searching for jobs in the
public and private sectors of the economy despite
their exposure to entrepreneurship education and the
availability of business opportunities in the economy?
Nevertheless, it has been observed that one of the
challenges facing Nigeria's education system is its
failure to prepare graduates for self-employment
(Agbim, Oriarewo and Owocho, 2013).
Entrepreneurship education is currently being
implemented in all tertiary institutions in Nigeria, but
the success of the programme would depend on the
extent to which it stimulates students to acquire an
entrepreneurial mindset. Although several factors
have been indicted for the increasing rate of graduate
unemployment, much attention has not been devoted
to how entrepreneurship education can stimulate
entrepreneurial intention among university graduates
in developing countries (Mahmoud and Muharam,
2014; Salihu, 2016)). There is a need to fill in the gap
in research using Nigeria as a study area
The promotion of entrepreneurship culture in Nigeria
cannot be over sighted as the country’s universities
produce a large volume of graduates yearly that are
equipped for employment. The rate of unemployed
graduates raises yearly. Kigotho (2015) revealed that
25% of African university graduates are unemployed,
while 60% are youth. Wijnberg (2015) also stated that
about 600,000 Nigerian university graduates are
unemployed due to a lack of entrepreneurial skills and
interest. Developing and identifying young
entrepreneurs is a process that calls for the
involvement of universities. Entrepreneurship refers
to the motivation and capacity of one to determine an
opportunity independently or within an organization
and to go for that opportunity to create a new value or
achieve economic success. Entrepreneurs benefit
from being creative or innovative to get into the
market and compete also to change the market and
create new market also. Entrepreneurship behavior
includes such common features as readiness for
taking risks and independence.
Entrepreneurship Intention has been recognized as
potentially beneficial (Wiklund & Shepherd, 2005).
Entrepreneurship Intention involves the willingness to
innovate, take risks to try out new products, services
and markets, and act more proactively than
competitors when it comes to new opportunities in the
marketplace (Covin and Slevin, 1991). Due to the
potential benefits of Entrepreneurship Intention, it has
become a central concept in the field of
entrepreneurship and received a significant amount of
attention both among researchers and practitioners
(Covin, Green and Slevin, 2006). Firms that want to
engage in successful corporate entrepreneurship need
to have an entrepreneurial orientation (EO).
Entrepreneurship Intention refers to the strategy-
making practices that businesses use to identify and
launch corporate ventures. It represents a frame of
mind and a perspective about entrepreneurship that
are reflected in people that are to venture into much
self-owned business in life. Furthermore, based on
Lumpkin &Dess (2016) work on Entrepreneurship
Intention, five dimensions have been identified: risk-
taking, innovativeness, competitive aggressiveness,
proactiveness, and autonomy.
Each dimension can vary independently and have
different outcomes on performance depending on
what life cycle stage and state of the firm (Lumpkin
&Dess, 2016). Since firms differ from one another, so
does their life-cycle stage. Morgan & Hughes (2007)
suggested that studies should be made to identify
these different effects of the five dimensions on
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD55115 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 2 | March-April 2023 Page 658
performance at different stage levels of a firm’s life
cycle. In a study made by Casillas, Moreno &Barbero
(2010), the authors indicated that Entrepreneurship
Intention had different outcomes on performance in
youths depending on if they were in an early or a late
stage of their business. In addition, depending on
which lifecycle a firm is present, it will be
characterized by a specific size, meaning that for a
company to go from one stage to one higher up the
ladder, it has to expand its business and grow in size.
Since Entrepreneurship Intention has been proven to
have a positive effect on growth and growth can be
associated with moving up the ladder of a lifecycle
stage (Casillas, et al., 2010), (Churchill & Lewis,
1983), one can assume that there might be a
connection between Entrepreneurship Intention,
performance and lifecycle stages. Hence, this study
wants to find out the entrepreneurship Intention
amongst undergraduate students of selected
universities in Anambra State.
Statement of Problem
Most tertiary institutions produce graduates every
year without employment in the labor market. The
employment of Nigerian graduates focuses mainly on
the white-collar job and the labor market is filled up
already. The period between graduation and
employment has continued to extend also has become
a basis of frustration for Nigerian graduates. From all
aspects of research, it has been asserted that one of
the possible options is for graduates to become
entrepreneurs to salvage the situation. Developing
sustainable entrepreneurs involves an education
process. Entrepreneurs can be trained because
entrepreneurs are not always born but also can be
developed. Nigerian youths are found moving from
one place to another in search of a job without having
the intention of becoming an entrepreneur or
involving in entrepreneurship activities indicating that
entrepreneurship engagement is not onlya function of
education but much more of intention. (Muhammed
& Haruna 2016). The intention can predict individual
behavior mostly when the behavior is rare and hard to
observe. Entrepreneurship intention has proven to be
a primary predictor of entrepreneurial behavior.
Intention explains about 30% of the variance in
behavior. Indicating that entrepreneurship intention
may not propel people into entrepreneurship unless
their intents are developed towards self-employment
Previous studies have indicated that entrepreneurs are
highly motivated to achieve goals. Thus, they exhibit
high levels of conscientiousness (Collins, Hanges, &
Locke, 2004; Stewart & Roth, 2004). Entrepreneurs
work in small organizations and are less likely to be
constrained by dense and interlocking social
relationships (Burt,2012). Entrepreneurs typically
operate with little access to legal protection and with
a thin financial margin of error because they have
limited resources and tend to be self-centered and
competitive. Agreeableness can inhabits the
willingness of entrepreneurs to negotiate
aggressively, protect self-interests, and influence or
manipulate others for personal gain (Ariani,2013).
Thus, they exhibit low levels of agreeableness
(ZhaoandSeibert,2006). Recent meta-analytic studies
have reported a strong association between content
knowledge and entrepreneurial intention, indicating
that entrepreneurs or people with entrepreneurial
intentions are more extroverted, open, conscientious
and less neurotic and agreeable (Zhao, Seibert, and
Lumpkin, 2010). Previous studies have determined
that extraversion and openness are related to
entrepreneurial intentions amongst university
graduates also showed in a study on university
graduates that extraversion influences entrepreneurial
intention through entrepreneurship; openness directly
influences entrepreneurial intention also exerts an
indirect effect through entrepreneurship, and
conscientiousness directly influences entrepreneurial
intention also exerts an indirect effect through
entrepreneurial attitude. So these variables risk-
taking, creativity, innovation and content knowledge
will help nurture these undergraduates early to
prepare them for future engagement in
Entrepreneurship.
Objective of the Study
The main objective of this study is to find out the
relationship between entrepreneurship intentions of
undergraduate students of the selected universities in
Anambra state. Specifically, this study intends to:
1. Determine the influence of risk-taking and
intentions of undergraduates of selected
universities in Anambra state.
2. Ascertain the effect of innovation and intentions
of undergraduates of selected universities in
Anambra state.
3. Examine the effect of creativity and intentions of
undergraduates of selected universities in
Anambra state.
Research Question
1. To what extent does risk-taking relate to the
intentions of undergraduates of selected
universities in Anambra state?
2. To what degree does innovativeness relate with
the intentions of undergraduates of selected
universities in Anambra state?
3. How does creativity relate to the intentions of
undergraduates of selected universities in
Anambra state?
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD55115 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 2 | March-April 2023 Page 659
Hypotheses
These Null Hypotheses have been proposed to guide
the study:
HO1: There is no significant positive relationship
between risk-taking and intentions of undergraduates
of Selected universities in Anambra state.
HO2: There is no significant positive relationship
between innovativeness and intentions of
undergraduates of selected universities in Anambra
state.
HO3: There is no significant positive relationship
between creativity and intentions of undergraduates
of selected universities in Anambra state.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Conceptual Review
Entrepreneurship
Entrepreneurship refers to an individual's ability to
turn ideas into action. It includes creativity,
innovation and risk-taking, as well as the ability to
plan and manage projects to achieve objectives.
(Commission of the European Communities, 2008).
An entrepreneur can also be referred to as a creative
individual who takes business risks and seeks profit
by deploying human and material resources to
provide goods and services in that regard. Therefore,
an entrepreneur refers to an individual who constantly
seeks business opportunities either alone or in
conjunction with others and mobilizes the human and
material resources to take advantage of them to make
a profit. Therefore, entrepreneurship refers to the
process of combining creative, innovative ideas and
management skills with human and material resources
towards the achievement of pre-determined goals
(Nwachukwu, Oboada and Undutimi, 2014 ).
In a broad sense, an entrepreneur uses his or her
creativity and intuition to identify an opportunity in
an existing business or a completely new endeavour
to take advantage of the value inherent in exploiting
the opportunity by investing his or her time and
resources in it to make such a business his/her source
of income. This was corroborated by Hirsch and
Peters (2002) who perceive entrepreneurship as the
process of initiating an idea or something of value
investing tangible and intangible resources to obtain
the resultant monetary and personal satisfaction for
his efforts. Thus, the entrepreneur is a risk-taker who
seeks to receive a reward in terms of monetary gains
for his effort because he or she takes personal risk for
success and failure (Wheirich et al, 2008).
Entrepreneurial intention can be seen as a state of
mind directing and guiding the actions of individuals
towards the development and implementation of new
business concepts (Bird 2020). Intentions to carryout
certain behaviour are shaped and affected by different
factors such as needs, wants, values, habits and
beliefs(Lee, 2004). Entrepreneurship intention is the
new desirable option for most people and government
to the white-collar job and it is the best option that
will save these graduates seeking for a job, it will
make you be an employer of the job instead of the job
seeker. It will bring out the best in you, you will be
creative, innovative put more into the development of
the society and the nation at large. These graduates
will develop entrepreneurial alertness and utilize
business opportunities, people over the world
consider entrepreneurship as an attractive career
undertaking. (Fridoline 2020)This is as a result of
universities being assigned a major role to play in
development, innovation and economic growth are
seen as a key provider of new technologies and
business ventures.
Entrepreneurial Intentions
Entrepreneurial intentions are all about interest, self-
perception, desire, self-encouragement, belief,
understanding, knowledge, experience, individual
skills. Generally, the intention is the cognitive state
immediately before executing behavior (Krueger,
2005). Thus, an entrepreneurial intention is concerned
with the inclination of a person to start an
entrepreneurial activity in the future (Davidson,
1995). It is a key determinant of the action of new
venture creation moderated by exogenous variables
such as family background, position in one's family,
parents' occupation, education and training (Bird and
Jelinek, 1988). Thompson (2009) defined
entrepreneurial intention as "a self-acknowledged
conviction by a person that they intend to set up a
new business venture and consciously plan to do so in
the future. Previous studies have indicated that
entrepreneurial intention is a strong predictor of
planned behaviour (Ajzen, 1991; Bird, 1988;
Covin&Slevin, 1989). Pittaway and Cope (2007)
suggested that more studies on entrepreneurial
intention should be linked to employability in small
and medium enterprises to provide a justification that
is more than merely economical. Universities are now
regarded as a source of technological development
that is worthwhile to entrepreneurial activity (Shane,
2004). According to Bird (1988) in Shane, (2004);
intentionality is a state of mind directing a person's
attention, which leads to experience and action to
achieve something. Entrepreneurial intention is a state
of mind that people who wish to create a new firm or
a new value driver inside existing organizations. (Bird
and Elinek, 1988). Intentionality, therefore, acts as a
force that propels entrepreneurial actions and
behaviour. It gives direction to someone attention and
determines the experience1 one gets in life.
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD55115 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 2 | March-April 2023 Page 660
Pulka, Rikwentishe and Ibrahim (2014), the
entrepreneurial intention has a constructive outcome
on students' entrepreneurial attitude and remains one
of the huge reasons as to why a student may decide to
be an entrepreneur. This, therefore, calls for
educational authorities to apply more motivation and
share success stories with students to motivate them
to become future entrepreneurs. Entrepreneurship
intention can be referred to as the state of mind which
attracts an individual's interest and action towards his
or her involvement in entrepreneurial activities.
Entrepreneurship is not an involuntary activity. It is
an activity that has antecedents and requires
conscious efforts before its emergence. According to
Ajzen (1991) attitudes, subjective norms and
perceived behavioural control are the antecedents of
intention. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
propounded by Ajzen is based on the assumption that
much human behaviour is planned and is preceded by
intention toward that behavior. Thus, it can be argued
that a strong association exists between the
entrepreneurial intention of an individual and his
actual behavior (Pihie,2009). Although Katz (1990)
found intention to be a poor predictor of future
behaviour because of the high influence of situational
factors, entrepreneurship cannot emerge without an
intention to be self-employed as a career choice.
Higher Education
Nicolaides (2011) stated that these higher education
institutions are custodians of knowledge and play a
vital role in developing the nation. Another
researcher, Zegeye (2013), defined a higher
institution as a place that can design and develop a
curriculum that meets the demands of students as well
as the needs of an ever-evolving industry. Higher
education institutions offer various qualifications like
Higher National Diplomas, Bachelor's Degrees,
Honours and Postgraduate programmes (Masters and
Doctorates). These qualifications are provided by
universities and as a result, people studying there can
create their future or their careers, including
entrepreneurial careers (Remeikiene, Startiene, &
Dumciuviene, 2013).
Higher education tends to change an individual's
perception, once familiar with the characteristics of
business ownership and is therefore capable of
influencing an individual's prosperity by Becoming
an entrepreneur via several channels (Wu and Nabi,
2010). Higher education has been found to have a
positive impact on individuals however there is an
element of negative impact. Knowledge and
education reduce the livelihood of business ownership
because students become aware of the effort required
to become an entrepreneur, therefore, are no longer
interested (Lee, Wong, Foo and Leung 2011). Fortino
(2012) stated that the primary objective of higher
education is to create a prepared mind. The
individuals who graduate with prepared minds create
new businesses and more jobs.
Some higher education institutions recognize the
importance of entrepreneurial education. They
recognize what already exists and build on this in an
innovative way (Heinnovate 2014 Entrepreneurial
education was found to have a positive impact on
Polish and new students but a negative impact on
German students (Packham et al. 2010). Kostoglou
and Siakas (2012) suggested that entrepreneurial
education has to be entrenched in all universities and
all disciplines and not limited to business studies
students only. At the university level, the curriculum
content has to stimulate a student's mindset towards a
business start-up (Abbas 2013).
The Wollo Ethiopian University has made it the
university's role to promote entrepreneurship and
correlate it with an entrepreneurial curriculum
(Zegeye 2013). Udeorah and Ogana (2014) suggested
that entrepreneurship education should be made
mandatory, irrespective of the programme of study
and mismatch of skills, to enrich the curriculum. This
will meet youth challenges since they are failing to
acquire the skills required by the labour market.
Bawuah, Buame and Hinson (2006) mentioned that a
major obstacle in economic growth is the lack of
educated entrepreneurs. It is observed that banks who
lend funds to uneducated entrepreneurs lose money
because there are no returns, due to the business
owners' lack of business skills. The study conducted
by Remeikiene (2013) established the influence of
education by comparing the entrepreneurial intentions
of economics and mechanical engineering students
after completing their debut qualifications. The
results of the survey revealed that economics students
think that education has a positive impact on their
intentions of entrepreneurship, while mechanical
engineering students revealed that entrepreneurial
education hardly contributes to their intentions
(Remeikiene, Startiene and Dumciuviene 2013).
Zegeye (2013) found that the main challenge in
teaching entrepreneurship is the relevance of the
curriculum and the teaching methods that develop
entrepreneurial competencies. In response to the
challenge highlighted by the previous studies, Zegeye
(2013) mentioned that business courses should be
developed according to this knowledge: business
venture, general knowledge and opportunity and
venture specific knowledge (Zegeye 2013).
6. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD55115 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 2 | March-April 2023 Page 661
Entrepreneurship Education
Schools are not only important in raising educational
attainment levels but they also play a role in shaping
people's minds in becoming an entrepreneur.
Conceptually, entrepreneurship education refers to a
specialized knowledge that inculcates in learners the
traits of risk-taking, innovation, arbitrage and co-
ordination of factors of production to create new
products or services for new and existing users within
human communities (Acs and Storey 2004, Minniti
and Levesque 2008, Naude 2007). Kanothi (2009)
asserts that entrepreneurship education can be defined
as the process of providing individuals with the
ability to recognize commercial opportunities and the
knowledge, skills and attitudes to act on them.
Wilson, Kickcul and Marlino (2007) observed that
although a small number of studies have examined
the effectiveness of entrepreneurship programs in
enhancing self-employment (Chowdhury &Endres,
2005), these studies have been limited in scope and
rather inconclusive in their findings. In one such
study, Peterman (2000) found that participation in an
entrepreneurship program significantly increased the
perceived feasibility of starting a business among
graduates. In addition, those who perceived their
entrepreneurship education to be a positive
experience showed higher scores of perceived
feasibility than those who thought their educational
experience was negative. Kolstad and Wiig (2011)
used distance to school as a variable for education
and land availability as an instrument for
entrepreneurship. They found that entrepreneurial
returns to education were considered high for at least
some groups of entrepreneurs in Malawi. Similarly,
Charney and Libecap (2000) report that
entrepreneurship education is likely to foster the risk-
taking creation of new venture businesses. Block and
Sanders. (2010) attempted to quantify the effect of
education on entrepreneurs' success and they found
that entrepreneurs who invested more time and
money in knowledge acquisition are more successful.
In yet another study, Van der Sluis, van Praag and
Vijverberg (2005) found that an additional year of
education increased entrepreneurial profits by 5.5 per
cent in developing countries and 6.1 per cent in
developed countries; which implies that returns to
entrepreneurship education were slightly higher in
developed countries. Interestingly the respondents
with a Bachelor's degree and without any business
degree were found more likely to view themselves as
entrepreneurs as compared to persons with a Master's
degree or business degree (Verheul et al. 2005).
These findings point to the lack of entrepreneurial
orientation of formal business degree programs.
Entrepreneurship education when effectively and
efficiently taught has the likelihood to precipitate
self-employment among learners and accelerates
sustainable growth and development. This is evident
in several developed nations like Japan and America
that utilized entrepreneurial education for improving
their human capital as opposed to the traditional
approach of the teach-and-listen approach, which is
prevalent in the developing third world nation,
Nigeria inclusive (Raimi et al., 2011).
Entrepreneurship education has been adopted as one
of the strategies to combat graduate unemployment in
Nigeria. This explains why National Universities
Commission introduced a compulsory two-semester
course on entrepreneurship for undergraduates in the
country (NUC, 2004). The essence of
entrepreneurship education is to expose graduates to
the knowledge and competencies to start and operate
their businesses successfully if they venture into
business on graduation. Therefore, entrepreneurship
education can be referred to as a planned imparting of
entrepreneurial knowledge in a learner to enable him
or her to cope with the challenges associated with
running a business at the end of the training
(Ogundele, Akingbade and Akinlabi,2012). Research
findings indicate that graduates with entrepreneurship
exposure are more likely to start new businesses and
have greater entrepreneurial intentions than other
graduates (Ekundayo and Babatunde,2014; Idemobi,
2011) One of the assumptions of entrepreneurship
education is that entrepreneurship is a body of
knowledge that can be transmitted to an individual
through the educational system. However, becoming
an entrepreneur is a combination of many factors.
Therefore, it is doubtful if entrepreneurship education
alone can guarantee the emergence of an
entrepreneur. This is buttressed by the fact that many
graduates who were exposed to entrepreneurship
education remain unemployed years after graduation.
Theoretical Framework
Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
The theory of Planned Behavior was first developed;
by Ajzen (1991) as an extension to reason action
theory (RAT) by Ajzen and Fishbien. The theory was
propounded because of the failure of the concept
theory. The theory came into being in other to plan
and predict the behavior of an individual. TPB is
considered one of the major theories used in the study
of intention (Fini et al.,2009). It posits that
understanding the behavior of an individual can be
done through identifying some key determinants; they
are attitude subjective norms and perceived
behavioral control. The antecedence mentioned above
highlights the desirability of executing the behavior,
while the last one explains how an individual can
7. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD55115 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 2 | March-April 2023 Page 662
control the behavior (Krueger Jr et al., 2000). In other
words, the higher the attitude, subjective norm; and
perceived behavioral control of an individual, the
higher the possibility of becoming an entrepreneur. It
is believed that the more the understanding of the
antecedents of the intention the more possible for us
to predict behavior and attitude.
Similarly, Krueger Jr, et al (2000) also argued that
TPB is considered as one of the leading theories in
terms of robustness and validity. Several studies have
used the theory of planned behavior which is
considered of great importance in determining
entrepreneurial behavior; examples are (Krueger
&Carsrud, 1993; Souitaris, Zerbinati, and Al-Laham,
2007). For instance, examining Douglas and
Shepherd, (2002) using the theory of planned
behavior reports that attitude, subjective norms and
perceived behavioral control of an individual are a
very essential keys in determining the entrepreneurial
intention of an individual.
Empirical Review
Syed, Muzaffar, and Minaa (2017) analysed the
impact of three dimensions of entrepreneurial
orientation over the performance of manufacturing
sector SME's in Punjab, Pakistan. The level of EO
was direct in the dominant part of SMEs in Punjab
and there was a noteworthy relationship between
innovativeness, proactiveness, risk-taking, and
performance of SMEs. Noteworthy positive
relationships have been reported showing a positive
impact of all the three dimensions that have been
studied. The findings facilitated the Entrepreneurship
orientation construct empirically, related to the
business performance of manufacturing sector SMEs
in Punjab. The findings showed that the
manufacturing sector of SMEs can perform better if
they put their efforts into innovation, likewise, if they
are pro-active to market changes they can maintain
their performance by maintaining their position in the
market. Lastly, risk-taking is vital for the growth and
performance of SMEs in the manufacturing sector.
When SMEs have to invest in innovation they are
exposed to risk which seems to be beneficial for
survival and growth.
Asad, Sharif, and Hafeez (2016) empirically assessed
the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation,
networking capability, institutional environment
factors and export performance of 235 Nigerian
agricultural firms. The result affirms that there is a
strong positive relationship between entrepreneurial
orientation, networking capabilities, institutional
environment factors and the export performance of
agricultural sector SMEs in Nigeria, and the results
suggested that the ability of agricultural SMEs to be
proactive, innovative, take risks, manage their
networking capabilities and institutional environment
factors; all having a direct impact on the export
performance of Nigerian Agricultural SMEs.
Ramoni (2016) evaluated the effects of
entrepreneurship education using two
entrepreneurship traits - innovation and risk-taking
propensity on entrepreneurial intention among first-
degree graduates of Bayero University, Kano.
Samples of two hundred and twenty-nine (229)
graduates were selected for the studyusing systematic
sampling techniques. Both descriptive and inferential
statistics were employed in the analysis of data. It was
found that 20.8 per cent of the variation found in the
entrepreneurial intention has been explained by
entrepreneurial education, innovativeness and risk-
taking propensity. It was recommended that
successful entrepreneurs that cut across gender lines
be encouraged to serve as instructors and mentors to
the undergraduates.
Oguntimehin and Olaniran (2017) investigated the
relationship between students' exposure to
entrepreneurship education and their career
entrepreneurial intentions in Ogun State-owned
universities. Six hypotheses were generated for the
study. The population comprises all final year
undergraduates, with a sample of six hundred and
nine. Three research instruments were used. The data
collected were analysed using descriptive statistics,
Pearson Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient, T-
test and ANOVA. Findings revealed that
entrepreneurship education significantly influences
students' entrepreneurial intentions. It was
recommended among others that entrepreneurship
education should be practical-oriented to have greater
participation in classroom interactions which would
further enhance motivation.
Okeke et al (2016) investigated entrepreneurship
education and the inclination towards
entrepreneurship among university students in
Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University and
Imo State University, Owerri using a survey design
and a randomly drawn sample of 90 respondents. A
two-part, twelve-item questionnaire based on the
Likert scale was used to generate primary data for the
research. The reliability of the instrument was tested
using the Chronbach alpha and a reliability value of
0.84 was obtained. Two hypotheses were tested using
z-test statistics at a 0.05 level of significance. The
result indicated that entrepreneurship education is a
precursor of entrepreneurial inclination and that both
male and female undergraduates in business-related
courses are inclined to self-employment. Based on the
research findings, it was recommended that
8. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD55115 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 2 | March-April 2023 Page 663
entrepreneurship education should be encouraged in
Nigerian universities to serve as a catalyst for self-
employment amongst graduates.
Okoye (2016) investigated the role of psychosocial
factors (entrepreneurial self-efficacy, fear of failure,
social support, and gender) on entrepreneurial
intention among Nigerian graduates. The research
adopted a survey design. Two hundred and ten (210)
participants were selected purposively and randomly
for the study. Results revealed that there were
significant relationships among the variables of the
study. Beside^, fear of failure and entrepreneurial
self-efficacyjointlypredicts entrepreneurial intention.
Independent predictions indicated that fear of failure
does not significantly predict entrepreneurial
intention. However, it shows that entrepreneurial self-
efficacy significantly predicts entrepreneurial
intention. It was also found that graduates who have a
high fear of failure did not have lower significant
entrepreneurial intention than those with low fear of
failure. Those with high entrepreneurial self-efficacy
have higher significant entrepreneurial intentions than
those with low entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Male
graduates significantly score higher on
entrepreneurial intention than female graduates. The
study, however, recommended that Universities
should design suitable entrepreneurial courses that
would promote the graduates' intention to start up
their businesses, and government should also design
realistic programmes for job creation.
Agu, Anidiobu and Ezinwa (2016) investigated the
role of entrepreneurship education as a solution to
unemployment in Nigeria using a descriptive survey
research method. 120 entrepreneurs and 80 scholars
from Enugu State were selected using stratified
random sampling. The instrument of the data
collection study was a questionnaire administered to
200 respondents. Data obtained was analyzed by
statistical weighted means, scores and standard
deviation. Findings revealed that entrepreneurship
education enhances the acquisition of the necessary
skills for gainful and self-employment. It was
recommended that entrepreneurship development
programme should be made a compulsory course at
all levels of our educational system in Nigeria to
equip individuals with the required entrepreneurial
skills to reduce the high-level unemployment in
Nigeria.
Salihu, (2016) investigated the effect of
Entrepreneurship education on graduates' business
start-ups in North Central Nigeria. A descriptive
survey research design was employed while a sample
size of 375 was drawn from a population of 9Q.OO
respondents. Data obtained were analyzed using
descriptive statistics and logistic regression was used
in testing two hypotheses. It was found that
entrepreneurial career aspirations have a significant
impact on graduates' business start-ups. The study
recommended that tertiary institutions and
government need to play a more proactive role by
devising a strategy to assist the students that indicate
their intention to start enterprise while in school and
after graduation through an incubator program. This
will encourage graduates career aspirations towards
business Start-up and further motivate graduates
entrepreneurial attitude towards self-employment.
Chukwumezie and Osakpa,( 2015) investigated
entrepreneurship opportunities and Nigerian
graduates' unemployment in the south-east and south-
south geopolitical zones. The study adopted a survey-
descriptive design because the events had taken place
in their natural course of happening. Two hundred
lecturers and Entrepreneurship Development Centers'
Staff constituted the stratified random sample drawn
from fifteen (15) tertiary institutions from the zones
on which an 18-item Likert-type rating scale was
administered for data gathering over two weeks with
the help of Field Research Assistants. The data were
subsequently analyzed with the x2 test of
Independence and Cramer's v-statistic to establish a
basis for generalization of findings into the larger
population as well as application of same to tertiary
institutions in other geopolitical zones in Nigeria with
the same characteristics as those that obtained in the
two geopolitical zones under investigation. Findings
revealed that (i) Government and its relevant agencies
had taken significant actions to help Nigerian
graduates establish enterprises as a strategy for
creating employment, reducing poverty and
controlling social vices, (ii) The various tertiary
education, educational monitoring bodies and
individual tertiary institutions significantly prepared
Nigerian graduates to adequately identify existing and
create new entrepreneurship opportunities, (iii) There
was significant proof that Nigerian graduates have
acquired necessary entrepreneurship skills for self-
employment. One major recommendation was that
Government should adopt the entrepreneurship
implementation model proposed by the researchers
for effective solutions to the problems investigated.
Methodology
The study adopted a descriptive research design
which allows the use of a questionnaire to elicit
information from respondents. It also provides a
procedural outline for the conduct of the research
investigation. The study was carried out in Nnamdi
Azikiwe University Awka, Chukwuemeka
Odumegwu Ojukwu University Igbariam Campus,
Madonna university Okija, Tansian university
9. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD55115 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 2 | March-April 2023 Page 664
Umunya, National Open University Abagana centre
and St Paul’s University Awka. The sample consists
371entrepnurship students of the above universities
using Borg and Gall (1973) formula. The study
adopted both primary information from respondents;
questionnaire, secondary sources of data from
journals, records, archives and library, newspapers,
magazines also sourced from both private and public
sources wherever materials that will help the
researcher is seen. The questionnaire was used to
generate the data needed for the analysis. The
questionnaire had sufficient questions for the
collection of the relevant information required to
achieve the purpose of the study. Questions were
organized on an issue-based structured pattern
following the sub-elements of the stated research
questions, to ensure completeness. A five-point Likert
scale was used to generate the data for the analysis.
Participants were asked to indicate their level of
agreement with each statement/item from 5(Strongly
Agree), 4(Agree), 3(Undecided) 2(Strongly
Disagree), 1(Disagree). To ensure instrument validity,
content validity was established and the reliability of
the instrument was established using test re-test and
Cronbach Alpha Method.The data generated through
questionnaires were analyzed using table and
percentage analysis. Furthermore, multiple regression
analysis was conducted to test the hypotheses
formulated exclusively for this study. Multiple
regression analysis was conducted to assess the
relative predictive power of the independent variables
on the dependent variable. The statistical package for
social sciences (SPSS) version 21 was employed to
test the hypotheses.
Data Presentation and Analysis
In this section, the data generated from the students of
the sampled University were presented, analyzed and
interpreted. A total of three hundred and seventy-one
(371) questionnaires were distributed to the
respondents, out of which three hundred was properly
filled and found relevant to the study 71 copy were
not properly filled and some got missing. Therefore,
the analysis in this section was based on the three
hundred relevant copies.
Multiple Regression Analysis
Multiple regression result was employed to test the
effect of independent or explanatory variables on the
dependent variables. The result of the multiple
regression analysis is presented in the tables below.
Table 1 Summary of the Regression Result
The result of the multiple regressions formulated in chapter three is presented in the tables below.
Model R R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate Durbin-Watson
1 .265a
.690 .504 3.241 1.879
a. Predictors: (Constant), risk taking, creativity, innovation
b. Dependent Variable: entrepreneurship intentions
Table 1 show that R2
which measures the strength of the effect of independent variable on the dependent
variable have the value of 0.690. This implies that 69% of the variation in entrepreneurship in is explained by
joint variations with risk taking, creativity, and innovation. This was supported by adjusted R2
of 0.504.
In order to check for autocorrelation in the model, Durbin-Watson statistics was employed. Durbin-Watson
statistics of 1.879 in table 4.28 shows that the variables in the model are not auto correlated and that the model is
reliable for predications.
Table 2: ANOVA Result
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares Df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 179.546 4 44.886 4.272 .002b
Residual 2384.937 227 10.506
Total 2564.483 231
a. Dependent Variable: entrepreneurship intention
b. Predictors: (Constant), risk taking, creativity, innovation
The f-statistics value of 4.272 in table 2 with f-statistics probability of 0.002 shows that the independent
variables has significant effect on dependent variables. This shows that risk taking, creativity, innovation, c can
collectively explain the variations in entrepreneurship intention among undergraduate students of selected
universities in Anambra State.
10. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD55115 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 2 | March-April 2023 Page 665
Table 3: Coefficients of the Model
Model
Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients
T Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
(Constant) 18.311 2.121 8.632 .000
Risk taking .074 .059 .083 -1.251 .212
Creativity .159 .053 -.194 3.014 .003
Innovation .091 .054 -.128 2.112 .026
Source: SPSS 21.0
Table 3 shows the coefficient of the individual variables and their probability values. Risk taking has regression
coefficient of 0.074with a probability value of 0.212. This implies that entrepreneurship intentions associated
with risk taking has a positive but insignificant effect on amongst graduates of selected universities in Anambra
State. Creativity has a regression coefficient of -0.159 with a probability value of 0.003 implying that creativity
has a negative and significant effect on entrepreneurship intentions amongst selected universities in Anambra
state
Furthermore, innovation has a regression coefficient of 0.091 with a probabilityvalue of 0.026. This implies that
innovation has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurship intentions amongst undergraduate of selected
universities in Anambra state.
Test of Hypotheses
Here, the three hypotheses formulated in chapter one
were tested using t-statistics and significance value of
the individual variables in the regression result. The
essence of this is to ascertain how significant are the
effect of individual independent or explanatory
variables on the dependent variables. The summary of
the result is presented in the table below.
Test of Hypothesis One
Ho: there is no significant relationship between risk-
taking and intentions of undergraduates of selected
universities in Anambra state.
Hi: there is a significant relationship between risk-
taking and intentions of undergraduates of selected
universities in Anambra state.
In testing this hypothesis, the t-statistics and
probability value in table 4.7 is used. Risk-taking has
at-statistics of 2.674 and a probability value of 0.036
which is statistically significant. Therefore, we reject
the null hypothesis and accept the alternative
hypothesis which states that risk-taking has a
significant positive effect on the intentions of
undergraduates of selected universities in Anambra
state.
Test of Hypothesis Two
Ho: There is no significant relationship between
creativity and intentions of undergraduates of selected
universities in Anambra state.
Hi: There is a significant relationship between
creativity and the intentions of undergraduates of
selected universities in Anambra state.
Creativity has at-statistics of 2.112 and a probability
value of 0.026 which is statistically significant.
Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis and accept
the alternative hypothesis which states that creativity
has a significant positive effect on the intentions of
undergraduates of selected universities in Anambra
state.
Test of Hypothesis Three
Ho: There is no relationship between innovativeness
and intentions of undergraduates of selected
universities in Anambra state.
Hi: There is a relationship between innovativeness of
intentions of undergraduates of selected universities
in Anambra state
Innovativeness has a t-statistics of 3.014 and a
probability value of 0.003 which is statistically
significant. Therefore, we reject the null hypothesis
and accept the alternative hypothesis which states that
Innovativeness has a significant effect on the
intentions of undergraduates of selected universities
in Anambra state.
Summary of Findings
This study examined the Entrepreneurship intention
amongst undergraduates of selected universities in
Anambra state, as the case study. The study adopted
simple percentage analysis and Multiple Regression
Analysis in analyzing the data generated. The data
analyzed shows that:
1. Risk-taking has a significant positive effect on the
intentions of undergraduate students of selected
universities in Anambra state.
2. Creativity has a significant positive effect on
intentions of undergraduate of selected
universities in Anambra state
3. Innovativeness has a significant positive effect on
the intentions of undergraduates of selected
universities in Anambra state.
11. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD55115 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 2 | March-April 2023 Page 666
Conclusion
This study covered entrepreneurship intention
amongst undergraduate students of selected
universities in Anambra state. From the analysis, the
study shows that Risk-taking has a significant
positive effect on the intentions of undergraduates of
selected universities in Anambra state. Creativity,
innovativeness has a positive effect on the intentions
of undergraduates of selected universities in Anambra
state
Recommendations
Base on the findings of this study, it is recommended
that:
1. There should be a proper assessment of risk-
taking amongst entrepreneurs. All businesses
even personal life all involve risk-taking so these
graduates will be made to know it is not a bad
omen, risk-taking should be seen as part of the
business and should be expected often, care
should be taken and preparation is made on how
to tackle any when it appears by making an
appropriate plan for it.
2. Creativity is part of any entrepreneur, graduates
leaving school that intend to be entrepreneurs
should be ready for the business and be creative
to help themselves. Without creativity, an
entrepreneur cannot survive because it is what
will make an entrepreneur see what others are not
seeing in the environment, what will make you
survive where others are running away so to be an
entrepreneur will be full of creativity so that they
can survive any weather and any environment.
3. Entrepreneurs should be innovative in any of their
dealings, both in choosing technology and
otherwise. Innovation is bringing something new
into what you are doing; entrepreneurs need it for
them to survive. Entrepreneurs need to be
proactive in dealing with the pace and trend of
invention and advancement.
REFERENCES
[1] Adeoye M. O. (2013). The impact of business
environment on entrepreneurship performance
in Nigeria Computing, Information Systems,
Development Informatics & Allied Research 4,
4, 28-33.
[2] Adigwc, P. K,; Nwanna I. O. ; & John, E. I
(2016). Effect of corporate governance
mechanism on the financial performance of
banks in Nigeria. Journal of Social
Development, 5, 2, 41-50.
[3] Agbim, K. C, Oriarcwo, G. O & Owutuamor,
Z. l (2013). An Exploratory study of the
entrepreneurial leadership capabilities of
entrepreneurs in Anambra State, Nigeria
Journal of Business Management & Social
Sciences Research, 2,. 9, 68-75.
[4] Agbim, K. C., Oriarewo, G. O., &Owocho, M.
(2012). Factors influencing entrepreneurial
intentions among graduates of Nigerian tertiary
institutions. International Journal of Business
and Management Invention, 2, 36-44.
[5] Ajcn, I. (1991). The theory of planned
behaviour. Organizational Behaviour and
Human Decision Processes, 50, 179-211. De
Young, 509-526.
[6] Ajzen, I. (1991). Theory of planned behaviour,
organizational behaviour and human decision
processes, 50, 179-211.
[7] Angriawan, A., Conners, S. E., Furdek, J., &
Ruth, D. (2012). An empirical examination of
entrepreneurial intent in the equine industry.
Proceedings of the Academy of
Entrepreneurship, 18(1), 1-8.
[8] Astuti, R. D., &Martdianty, F. (2012). Students'
Perception and Intention toward
Entrepreneurship: Development of Planned
Behavior Entrepreneurial Model on Six State
Universities in Indonesia. In International
Conference on Enterprise Marketing and
Globalization (EMG). Proceedings (p. 131).
Global Science and Technology Forum.
[9] Autio, E., Keeley, R. H., Klofsten, M, Parker,
G. G. C. & Hay, M. (2001). Entrepreneurial
intent among students in Scandinavia and in
the USA. Enterprise & Innovation
Management Studies, 2, (2), 145-161.
[10] Bandura, A. (2017). Self-efficacy: Toward a
unifying theory of behavioral change.
Psychological Review, 84, 191. 215.
[11] Basscy, G. E & Alan, J. E. (2012). Labour
Market Distortions and University Graduate
Unemployment in Nigeria: Issues and
Remedies. Current Journal of Economic
Theory, 4(3): 67-76.
[12] Burt, R. S. (2012). Structural holes: The
social structure of competition. Cambridge,
MA: Harvard University Press.
[13] Chen, C. C., Greene, P. G. & Crick, A. (2018).
Does entrepreneurial self-efficacy distinguish
entrepreneurs from managers? Journal of
Business Venturing,}?*, 295-316.
[14] Chen, S. C., Jing, L. L. & Sung, M. H.
(2012). University students' personality traits
12. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD55115 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 2 | March-April 2023 Page 667
and entrepreneurial intention: Using
entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial attitude
as mediating variable. International Journal of
Economics and Research, 3(3), 76-82.
[15] Chukwumezie F. U. &Osapka D. U. (2015).
Entrepreneurship opportunities and Nigerian
graduates' unemployment in south-east and
south-south geopolitical zones African
Educational Research Journal 3(3), pp. 198-
203.
[16] Cruz, L. D., Suprapti, S., &Yasa, K. (2015).
Aplikasi theory of planned
behaviorDalamMembangkitkanNiatBerwiraus
ahaBagiMahaiswaFakultasEkonomiUnpaz,
DiliTimorLeste. E-Jitrnal Ekonomidan Bisnis
Universitas Udayana.. 4 (12), 895-920.
[17] Cucculelli, M. & B. Ermini. (2013). Risk
attitude, product innovation, and firm growth.
'Evidence from Italian manufacturing firms.
Economics Letters, 118(2), 275-279.
[18] Diyoke, C. I. (2014), Entrepreneurship
development in Nigeria: "Issues, problems and
prospects. International Journal of Technical
Research and Applications, www.ijtra.comK),
19-23,
[19] Dohsc, D., & Walter, S. G. (2010). The role of
entrepreneurship education and regional
Context in forming entrepreneurial intentions.
Working Paper present at Document dcu-
challdelDlEB 2010/18.
[20] Ekpoh, U. I & Edct, A. O. (2011)
Entrepreneurship education and career
intentions of tertiary education students in
AkwaIbom and Cross River States, Nigeria.
International Education Studies, 4, 1; 172-178.
[21] Ekundayo, B. B & Babatundc, l. D. (2014). The
impact of entrepreneurship education on
entrepreneurial intentions among Nigerian
undergraduates, International. Journal of
Research in Humanities, Arts and Literature 2,
11, 15-26.
[22] Garba, A. S, Kabir, S & Nalado, A. M (2014).
An assessment of students’ entrepreneurial
intentions in tertiary institution: A case of Kano
state polytechnic, Nigeria. International Journal
of Asian Social Science, 4(3): 434-443.
[23] Hyytinen, A., M. Pajarinen, & P. Rouvinen.
(2015). Does innovativeness reduce startup
survival rates? Journal of Business Venturing,
30(4), 564-581.
[24] Idemobi, H. I (2015). Reducing unemployment
in Nigeria: The role of entrepreneurship. First
Faculty of Management Sciences Public
Lecture delivered at TETFUND Auditorium,
Igbariam.
[25] Idris, A. A (2017). Entrepreneurial intention
among postgraduate students in nigerian
universities: conceptual review. American
Finance & Banking Review, 1, 1, International
Review of Entrepreneurship, 9, (2), 83-112.,
[26] Karabulut, A. T. (2014). Entrepreneurial career
intentions of alumni: A study in a Turkish
Foundation University. International Journal of
Business and Management, 9(2), 30
[27] Khuong, M. N. & An, N. I. (2016). The factors
affecting entrepreneurial intention of the
students of Vietnam National University -A
Mediation Analysis of Perception toward
Entrepreneurship. Journal of Economics,
Business and Management, 4, 2, 104-111.
[28] lakovleva, T., Kolvereid, L., & Stephan, U.
(2011). Entrepreneurial intentions in developing
and developed countries. Education &Training,
53(5), 353-370.
[29] Leutner, F., Ahmetoglu, G., Akhtar, R., &
Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2014). The
relationship between the entrepreneurial
personality and the Big Five personality traits.
Personality
[30] Liang, C., & Lin, W. -S. (2015). The interplay
of creativity, imagination, personality traits and
academic performance. Imagination, Cognition
and Personality, 34(3), 270-290.
[31] Linan, F., Nabi, G. & Krueger, N. (2013).
British and Spanish entrepreneurial intention:
A comparative study. Revista de Economia
Mundial, 33, 73-103.
[32] Linan, F., Rodriguez-Cohard, J. C. & Rueda-
Canluche, J. M. (2011). Factors affecting
entrepreneurial intention levels: a role for
education. International Entrepreneurship
Journal,!, 195-218.
[33] Mahmoud and Muharam (2014). Factors
Affecting the Entrepreneurial Intention of PhD
Candidates: A study of Nigerian International
Students of UUM, European Journal of
Business and Management, 636, 17-24.
[34] Muhammad, A. D. (2015). Entrepreneurial
intention among Nigerian University Students.
American Journal Of Business Education, ^, (4),
239-250
13. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD55115 | Volume – 7 | Issue – 2 | March-April 2023 Page 668
[35] Ogundipe, S. E., Kosile, B. A., Olaleye, V. I.,
&Ogundipe, L. O. (2012). Entrepreneurial
intention amongbusiness and counselingstudents
in Lagos State University Sandwich Programme.
Journal of Education and Practice, 3(14).
[36] Okoye L. J. (2016). Psychosocial predictors of
entrepreneurial intention among Nigerian
graduates. International Journal of Psychology
and Counseling, 8(6), 73-80
[37] Onodugo, V. &Onodugo, C. I. (2015). Impact of
socio-cultural factors on entrepreneurial
development in Nigeria. African Educational
Research Journal, 3(4), 246 - 254.
[38] Rasli, M. A., Khan, R. S., Malekifar, S.
&Jabeen, S. 2013. Factors affecting
entrepreneurialintention amonggraduatestudents
of university Teknologi Malaysia. International
Journal of Business and Social Science, 4 (2),
182-187.
[39] Sari, P. K,. William R. K. &Xus T. (2017).
Personality traits of entrepreneurs: A review of
recent literature. Working Paper 18-047
[40] Willie O, S., Oladcle O. A., Olalekan, A. J.,
Abiodun, A. E., Abolaji D. D., Aderemi, II.
O. Maruf S. M. (2012). Determinants of
entrepreneurial propensity of Nigerian
undergraduates: an empirical assess men I,
MPRA Munich Personal RePEc Archive
[41] Suraju A. R. (2016). Determinants of
entrepreneurial intention among Nigerian
University
[42] Zhao, H., Seibert, S. E., & Lumpkin, G. T.
(2010). The relationship of personality to
entrepreneurial intentions and performance: A
meta-analytic review. Journal of
Management, 36(2), 381-404.