The document discusses entrepreneurship and the role of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in national economies. It covers several key points:
1) Entrepreneurs are the driving force behind enterprises and provide guidance and direction to start and ensure the business satisfies customer needs.
2) Priority areas for entrepreneurship development include providing information services, support services like access to finance and linkages, and advocacy and networking.
3) SMEs play an important role in industrial development, innovation, and export promotion based on the historical experiences of developed countries. They will continue to be challenged and important in the future.
Entrepreneurial personal networks and performance of
small and medium scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Kano
State, Nigeria
1Amaka Cordelia Egele , 2Kibuuka Muhammad (PhD) , 3Mutenyo John (PhD)
Federal College of Education Kano, Nigeria.
2 3Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda.
Coherence of identity and reputation is essentially a reflection of a conscious decision-making process and profound knowledge of problems, demands and expectations of the company’s stakeholders.
Although it also depends on the context, reputation is the direct result of the company’s identity.
Reputation is associated with a good economic and ethical behaviour as a result of awareness about the social problems that a company faces by relating to its stakeholders.
However, Corporate Social Responsibility is driven also by organizational values, which eventually determine the company’s behaviour implemented by its directors, executives and employees.
The main cultural change that occurred in the last few years in the management discourse is the need of a responsible approach in business, developing a long-term vision, a well-balanced relationship with the society and evaluating of the impact of this relationship on the society. Microbank, for example, a project by La Caixa, is already taking this approach.
There is clearly higher demand for a corporate behaviour concerned about the problems of individuals. That’s why companies should take extreme care about coherence of their discourse and the actual corporate behaviour because ultimately, it determines the brand value.
To be able to be aware of the problems and needs of their stakeholders, companies need to focus on employees first and develop a more human approach. BBVA is a clear example of this perspective.
The second step is developing a powerful story that is consistent with the company’s identity and also able to clearly explain the objective of the project and its positive impact for the society and the firm.
The third step is to use this story to project some meaningful and consistent messages that reach different stakeholders and lead them to advocate for the company.
Unrealistic promises that banks gave to their customers and shareholders during the real estate bubble and before the financial crisis have led to a dramatic loss of trust and reputation.
A good example in this context is the brand of Spain - the country brand that is making an important effort to recover the country’s reputation lost during the real estate and financial crisis in international markets. It initial external focus is now being redirected to capture internal stakeholders and recover the country’s reputation with its own citizens.
the effect of social responsibility and corporate imageIJAEMSJORNAL
Customers are one of the pillars of success in organizations and have been studied from different aspects. The aim of this study is scrutinizing the factors influencing brand equity in the tobacco industry in Tehran. Therefore, by referring to previous studies, dimensions and components of associated with variables have been identified and a standard questionnaire based on these variables has been used. The validity of the questionnaire has been approved by the elites of management and the reliability of them has been calculated through the software. The statistical population of research consisted of all customers of the tobacco industry in Tehran. In order to determining the sample size the Cochran formula, to the extent of 384 individuals, has been used. In order to test the research hypotheses Structural equation modeling through Lisrel software has been used. The results showed that different variables have significant impact on brand equity and customer loyalty is an important mediating factor in influencing on brand equity.
Entrepreneurial personal networks and performance of
small and medium scale Enterprises (SMEs) in Kano
State, Nigeria
1Amaka Cordelia Egele , 2Kibuuka Muhammad (PhD) , 3Mutenyo John (PhD)
Federal College of Education Kano, Nigeria.
2 3Kampala International University, Kampala, Uganda.
Coherence of identity and reputation is essentially a reflection of a conscious decision-making process and profound knowledge of problems, demands and expectations of the company’s stakeholders.
Although it also depends on the context, reputation is the direct result of the company’s identity.
Reputation is associated with a good economic and ethical behaviour as a result of awareness about the social problems that a company faces by relating to its stakeholders.
However, Corporate Social Responsibility is driven also by organizational values, which eventually determine the company’s behaviour implemented by its directors, executives and employees.
The main cultural change that occurred in the last few years in the management discourse is the need of a responsible approach in business, developing a long-term vision, a well-balanced relationship with the society and evaluating of the impact of this relationship on the society. Microbank, for example, a project by La Caixa, is already taking this approach.
There is clearly higher demand for a corporate behaviour concerned about the problems of individuals. That’s why companies should take extreme care about coherence of their discourse and the actual corporate behaviour because ultimately, it determines the brand value.
To be able to be aware of the problems and needs of their stakeholders, companies need to focus on employees first and develop a more human approach. BBVA is a clear example of this perspective.
The second step is developing a powerful story that is consistent with the company’s identity and also able to clearly explain the objective of the project and its positive impact for the society and the firm.
The third step is to use this story to project some meaningful and consistent messages that reach different stakeholders and lead them to advocate for the company.
Unrealistic promises that banks gave to their customers and shareholders during the real estate bubble and before the financial crisis have led to a dramatic loss of trust and reputation.
A good example in this context is the brand of Spain - the country brand that is making an important effort to recover the country’s reputation lost during the real estate and financial crisis in international markets. It initial external focus is now being redirected to capture internal stakeholders and recover the country’s reputation with its own citizens.
the effect of social responsibility and corporate imageIJAEMSJORNAL
Customers are one of the pillars of success in organizations and have been studied from different aspects. The aim of this study is scrutinizing the factors influencing brand equity in the tobacco industry in Tehran. Therefore, by referring to previous studies, dimensions and components of associated with variables have been identified and a standard questionnaire based on these variables has been used. The validity of the questionnaire has been approved by the elites of management and the reliability of them has been calculated through the software. The statistical population of research consisted of all customers of the tobacco industry in Tehran. In order to determining the sample size the Cochran formula, to the extent of 384 individuals, has been used. In order to test the research hypotheses Structural equation modeling through Lisrel software has been used. The results showed that different variables have significant impact on brand equity and customer loyalty is an important mediating factor in influencing on brand equity.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Stakeholders Perceptions regarding Usefulness of Corporate Social Responsibil...professionalpanorama
A business enterprise is considered as a social unit which conducts its activities within the
society; therefore, it is perceived that business houses should fulfil its responsibilities towards
society. Traditional management approaches have regarded the business unit as a robust
economic engine which drives shareholders wealth. But modern management approach has
hold that transparent economic and social progress should go hand in hand. This concept led
to the emergence of Corporate Social Reporting and Disclosure (CSRD). It provides better
understanding on social activities of a business towards various stakeholders like employees,
investors, consumers, government, suppliers, shareholders and the whole community which
helps an entity to make cordial relationship with its stakeholders. Unfortunately, despite of
increasing attention towards CSR, the development of CSRD is very slow especially in the
developing countries like India. There has been very little work which has studied how Indian
companies gratify perceived needs of different stakeholders for information relating to social
and environmental impacts. Thus, this paper aims at exploring the views and perceptions
amongst different stakeholders for evaluating the usefulness of corporate social reporting
and disclosure for them. The nature of study was descriptive research and data source was
primarily primary. It may also be termed as Ex post facto research because the researcher has
no control over the variables and has to report what has happened or what is happening.
Based on the research outcomes, some recommendations are suggested in relation to
corporate social reporting and disclosure practices in general and within Indian context in particular for future development of corporate social reporting and disclosures in transitional
economies like India.
Social Enterpreneurship: A Form of Social Responsibility in Indiaprofessionalpanorama
The social and economic hardships in India can be overcome through the innovation and
promotion of best practices and positive models as well as by spreading good examples of
social entrepreneurship and social responsibility. A major future challenge is not the proper
implementation of 2% Corporate Social Responsibility mandate but to ensure contribution of
businesses to reduce the problems and work for the betterment of the society by sustainable
means. The paper highlights the importance of social entrepreneurial ideas for improving the
business climate in the country. Social entrepreneurship is becoming a popular form of social
responsibility and a way to solve a variety of urgent social problems. In order for a society to
boost social entrepreneurship, it needs a specific environment where such ideas can emerge
and develop into an active business models. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive
literature review of terms social responsibility and social entrepreneurship. It also examines
the current social entrepreneurship activities in India. The paper concludes that social
entrepreneurship has a better impact and more desirable than Corporate Social
Responsibility.
The concept of social responsibility among businessmen, particularly in India, is not new and can be easily seen in the form of magnificent temples, high mosques, large dharmshalas and great educational institutions. Indian literature is full of incidents when business- men have gone out of the way to help extract kings and societies out of crises. Many Indian businesses are known for staying one step ahead of the government, as far as the welfare of employees and societies is concerned.
The contemporary era has witnessed an upstart and proliferation in the entrepreneurial endeavours across the globe subsequently challenging many incumbents and established market players with their innovative and transforming business dynamics that redefined many traditional business models. Many factors have stimulated the growth of the numerous entrepreneurial ventures like digital revolution, consumer-centric business operations, changing consumer demands, feasible and accessible technology, social consciousness, and accentuated perception of establishing business ventures as an accountable and responsible corporate entity and so on. In this context of discussions, the present report is contextualised wherein various perspectives of an entrepreneurial organisation has been evaluated with the real-life examples of successful entrepreneurs. The report engages in determining the various entrepreneurial ventures, similarities, and differences between them, the ways in which small entrepreneurial businesses impact the local, regional, national, international economy. In addition to this, the personality trait of the entrepreneurs has been discussed to uphold how personal affiliations and bent of mind instigates towards developing something worthwhile along with understanding how a positive or native external ambiance could shape and influence the entrepreneurial mindsets.
For More Visit https://assignmentwizardsonline.com/
Internal vs external public of public relationsMedia Mantra
Internal and External PR very important function of organization and both are dependent to each other .PR is also a part of marketing communication, which involves in advertising and promotions in targeted markets.
Lavish leather clothing catalogs at Oasis leatheroasisleather15
Oasis Leather offers outstanding range of leather clothing catalogs and leather accessories catalog to bulk buyers for wholesale purchase and chic update.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Stakeholders Perceptions regarding Usefulness of Corporate Social Responsibil...professionalpanorama
A business enterprise is considered as a social unit which conducts its activities within the
society; therefore, it is perceived that business houses should fulfil its responsibilities towards
society. Traditional management approaches have regarded the business unit as a robust
economic engine which drives shareholders wealth. But modern management approach has
hold that transparent economic and social progress should go hand in hand. This concept led
to the emergence of Corporate Social Reporting and Disclosure (CSRD). It provides better
understanding on social activities of a business towards various stakeholders like employees,
investors, consumers, government, suppliers, shareholders and the whole community which
helps an entity to make cordial relationship with its stakeholders. Unfortunately, despite of
increasing attention towards CSR, the development of CSRD is very slow especially in the
developing countries like India. There has been very little work which has studied how Indian
companies gratify perceived needs of different stakeholders for information relating to social
and environmental impacts. Thus, this paper aims at exploring the views and perceptions
amongst different stakeholders for evaluating the usefulness of corporate social reporting
and disclosure for them. The nature of study was descriptive research and data source was
primarily primary. It may also be termed as Ex post facto research because the researcher has
no control over the variables and has to report what has happened or what is happening.
Based on the research outcomes, some recommendations are suggested in relation to
corporate social reporting and disclosure practices in general and within Indian context in particular for future development of corporate social reporting and disclosures in transitional
economies like India.
Social Enterpreneurship: A Form of Social Responsibility in Indiaprofessionalpanorama
The social and economic hardships in India can be overcome through the innovation and
promotion of best practices and positive models as well as by spreading good examples of
social entrepreneurship and social responsibility. A major future challenge is not the proper
implementation of 2% Corporate Social Responsibility mandate but to ensure contribution of
businesses to reduce the problems and work for the betterment of the society by sustainable
means. The paper highlights the importance of social entrepreneurial ideas for improving the
business climate in the country. Social entrepreneurship is becoming a popular form of social
responsibility and a way to solve a variety of urgent social problems. In order for a society to
boost social entrepreneurship, it needs a specific environment where such ideas can emerge
and develop into an active business models. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive
literature review of terms social responsibility and social entrepreneurship. It also examines
the current social entrepreneurship activities in India. The paper concludes that social
entrepreneurship has a better impact and more desirable than Corporate Social
Responsibility.
The concept of social responsibility among businessmen, particularly in India, is not new and can be easily seen in the form of magnificent temples, high mosques, large dharmshalas and great educational institutions. Indian literature is full of incidents when business- men have gone out of the way to help extract kings and societies out of crises. Many Indian businesses are known for staying one step ahead of the government, as far as the welfare of employees and societies is concerned.
The contemporary era has witnessed an upstart and proliferation in the entrepreneurial endeavours across the globe subsequently challenging many incumbents and established market players with their innovative and transforming business dynamics that redefined many traditional business models. Many factors have stimulated the growth of the numerous entrepreneurial ventures like digital revolution, consumer-centric business operations, changing consumer demands, feasible and accessible technology, social consciousness, and accentuated perception of establishing business ventures as an accountable and responsible corporate entity and so on. In this context of discussions, the present report is contextualised wherein various perspectives of an entrepreneurial organisation has been evaluated with the real-life examples of successful entrepreneurs. The report engages in determining the various entrepreneurial ventures, similarities, and differences between them, the ways in which small entrepreneurial businesses impact the local, regional, national, international economy. In addition to this, the personality trait of the entrepreneurs has been discussed to uphold how personal affiliations and bent of mind instigates towards developing something worthwhile along with understanding how a positive or native external ambiance could shape and influence the entrepreneurial mindsets.
For More Visit https://assignmentwizardsonline.com/
Internal vs external public of public relationsMedia Mantra
Internal and External PR very important function of organization and both are dependent to each other .PR is also a part of marketing communication, which involves in advertising and promotions in targeted markets.
Lavish leather clothing catalogs at Oasis leatheroasisleather15
Oasis Leather offers outstanding range of leather clothing catalogs and leather accessories catalog to bulk buyers for wholesale purchase and chic update.
A verse by verse commentary on Psalm 68 dealing with David's prayer that the enemies be scattered and that the righteous be glad and rejoice with singing to Him who rides the clouds..David goes into the history of God's blessings on His people, and his praise for bearing their burdens. He says "Sing to God, O kingdoms of the earth." "Praise be to God."
Présentation du 6 septembre 2012 - eCommerceCampBruno Hug
Découvrez pourquoi rédiger vous même vos descriptifs produits plutôt que d'utiliser ceux donnés par vos fournisseurs vous octroie un meilleur référencement et vous créé plus de ventes.
Индикатор RSI — описание стратегии на бинарных опционахOlymp Trade
Представляем новый функционал торговой платформы Olymp Trade! Теперь вы можете не только использовать информативный график «японские свечи», но и накладывать на него основные индикаторы технического анализа.
В этой презентации речь пойдет об RSI — удобном бесплатном инструменте для изучения поведения цены. Вам нужно просто смотреть на цветную линию, и открывать сделки в те периоды, когда она пересекает один из двух уровней: либо 70, либо 30.
Эта бесплатная стратегия позволяет заключать до 90% прибыльных сделок — и даже больше! Тем более, что теперь в правой части платформы Олимп Трейд, прямо на шкале с котировками, вам доступен «обратный отсчет». Эта функция показывает, сколько минут и секунд осталось до открытия новой свечи. Имея в своем арсенале такой инструмент, вы можете совершать еще более точные сделки, и не упускать прибыльные моменты. Очень часто новая свеча начинается выше или ниже того уровня, на котором закрылась предыдущая. Если открыть сделку во время такого небольшого скачка, то на этом можно заработать дополнительные пункты, которые могут стать решающими при формировании вашей прибыли.
Сделайте свой трейдинг комфортным, и поделитесь опытом с другими трейдерами в сообществе обучающего проекта Академии Olymp: https://vk.com/olymp.academy_of_trading
Следите за новостями компании на основной странице Олимп Трейд Вконтакте: https://vk.com/olymptrade
Успешной вам торговли!
"Investigación internacional promovida por Corporate Excellence - Centre for Reputation Leadership en colaboración con Cees BM van Riel, profesor de Comunicación Corporativa de la Rotterdam School of Management - Erasmus University, para conocer los factores de éxito de los Chief Communications Officer (CCO). La investigación fue realizada entre junio de 2011 y diciembre de 2012 mediante cuestionarios y entrevistas en profundidad a 117 Directores de Comunicación de grandes empresas de Estados Unidos, Reino Unido, Alemania, Francia, España, Italia, Países Bajos, Brasil, México y Chile.
¿Qué determina el éxito del Chief Communications Officer (CCO)? ¿Hasta qué punto las habilidades personales juegan un papel en ese éxito? ¿Cuáles son esas habilidades necesarias? ¿En qué medida el negocio en el que opera la organización es importante? ¿Es un perfil más operativo, táctico, estratégico o una combinación de todos ellos? La investigación señala tres aspectos fundamentales: el CCO debe jugar un papel relevante tanto en su desempeño interno, como directivo de la empresa, así como tener impacto externo a través de su gestión de la comunicación. Y además, debe desarrollar habilidades personales que le permitan ocupar funciones cada vez más estratégicas."
An international research study sponsored by Corporate Excellence – Centre for Reputation Leadership in collaboration with Cees BM van Riel, Corporate Communication Professor at Rotterdam School of Management - Erasmus University. The study addresses the success drivers of Chief Communications Officer (CCO). It was carried out from June 2011 to December 2012, and it used questionnaires and in-depth interviews with 117 Communications Director from large corporations in the U.S., UK, Germany, France, Spain, Italy, the Netherlands, Brazil, Mexico and Chile.
What determines the success of Chief Communications Officer (CCO)? To what extent do personal skills play a role in that success? What are those skills? To what extent does the business in which the organization operates play a role? Is it more operational, tactical, strategic or a combination? The research points out three main aspects: the CCO must play an important role both internal and externally, the CCO should implement an impacting communication, and he or she should have the personal skills enable them to carry out strategic tasks.
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A research opportunity facilitated by the George Washington University’s Dean’s Scholars Program allowed Prajna Naidoo to pursue an experience as an intern at the Scalabrini Center in Cape Town (SCCT) to understand the inner workings of the Employment Access Business Development Program and its clients, in pursuit of her degree. Below are the preliminary results of her research.
A new CMO role: leveraging an organization’s purpose for strategic advantageTata Consultancy Services
Sales & marketing has seen a digital transformation & solving customer issues has become vital. These shifts will now reshape the jobs of CMOs, CEOs, & CFOs.
Understanding barriers to youth entrepreneurship as a career choice for youth...Masum Hussain
People say this is the age of business as it is backed by sophisticated technologies, blessed by loads of relevant information. & in this business age the young people are leading from the front as entrepreneurs. Wherever you go from Silicon Valley to Middle East young talents are making significant marks in creating new businesses even sometime more efficiently than the older experienced people. Think of Mark Zukerbourgh, or Michael Yung, they are shaking the world with their innovational business ventures, & people like them are at speed in growing. Different studies provide proof that the young people are the greatest contributors in the arena of business.
Sylhet is a division & a major city of North Eastern area of Bangladesh. This city is rapidly growing than the other cities of this country because of her peoples increasing purchasing power as the area is booming with business projects, a lots of liquid money is in the hands of the peoples as a result of remittance provided by the people living abroad. As we know many people of this area lives in different wealthy country of the world mainly in the United Kingdom (as we know in London there is a town named ‘ Bangla Town’ mainly inhabited by the Sylheties) & middle east many families have enough money in hand almost all the time. Problem with the Sylheti’s is that though they have money they are not interested in investing them in the country for business purpose as most of them are risk averse , & do not know the ABC of business.
This tool describes the roles a market facilitator plays. The tool should be used with staff to reflect on their progression of competence in these facilitation roles and to assess their performance and plan professional growth.
Learning Activity #1Organizations must clearly articulate a Mi.docxsmile790243
Learning Activity #1
Organizations must clearly articulate a Mission Statement and Vision Statement in order to strategically plan. Failing to understand that initial step of the Strategic Planning process often leads an organization away from, instead of towards, effective strategic planning.
Below are four (4) Mission Statements and four (4)Vision Statements; select ONE Mission Statement and ONE Vision Statement. Clearly explain why the select Mission Statement and Vision Statement is effective or ineffective; offer supporting rationale for your explanation and be sure to reference your statements using proper APA formatting.
Mission Statements
McDonald's vision is to be the world's best quick service restaurant experience. Being the best means providing outstanding quality, service, cleanliness, and value, so that we make every customer in every restaurant smile.
The American Cancer Society is the nationwide community-based voluntary health organization dedicated to eliminating cancer as a major health problem by preventing cancer, saving lives, and diminishing suffering from cancer, through research, education, advocacy, and service.
To enhance quality of life for all as we age. We lead positive social change and deliver value to members through information, advocacy and service.
To create a shopping experience that pleases our customers; a workplace that creates opportunities and a great working environment for our associates; and a business that achieves financial success.
Vision Statements
GM’s vision is to be the world leader in transportation products and related services. We will earn our customers’ enthusiasm through continuous improvement driven by the integrity, teamwork, and innovation of GM people.
Develop, deploy, and manage a diverse set of scalable and strategic knowledge management tools to serve our customers, improving the possibility of overall satisfaction among our diverse customer profiles
To build the largest and most complete Amateur Radio community site on the Internet.
We intend to provide our customers with the best online shopping experience from beginning to end, with a smart, searchable website, easy-to-follow instructions, clear and secure payment methods, and fast, quality delivery.
Learning Activity #2
The “5 P’s of Strategy” capture the complexity of defining Strategic Management. Select ONE of the “5 P’s” – (1) explain why you selected that particular concept, i.e., why do you believe it is important to the overall strategic management process and (2) explain whether that particular concept requires more of a perspective of art or science from the strategic leaders point of view.
Clearly explain your position; offer supporting rationale for your explanation and be sure to reference your statements using proper APA formatting.
2/20/2017 The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits, by Milton Friedman
http://www.colorado.edu/studentgroups/libertarians/issues/friedman-s ...
Similar to Entrepreneurship course under approved curriculum design (20)
Salma Karina Hayat is Conscious Digital Transformation Leader at Kudos | Empowering SMEs via CRM & Digital Automation | Award-Winning Entrepreneur & Philanthropist | Education & Homelessness Advocate
When listening about building new Ventures, Marketplaces ideas are something very frequent. On this session we will discuss reasons why you should stay away from it :P , by sharing real stories and misconceptions around them. If you still insist to go for it however, you will at least get an idea of the important and critical strategies to optimize for success like Product, Business Development & Marketing, Operations :)
Reflect Festival Limassol May 2024.
Michael Economou is an Entrepreneur, with Business & Technology foundations and a passion for Innovation. He is working with his team to launch a new venture – Exyde, an AI powered booking platform for Activities & Experiences, aspiring to revolutionize the way we travel and experience the world. Michael has extensive entrepreneurial experience as the co-founder of Ideas2life, AtYourService as well as Foody, an online delivery platform and one of the most prominent ventures in Cyprus’ digital landscape, acquired by Delivery Hero group in 2019. This journey & experience marks a vast expertise in building and scaling marketplaces, enhancing everyday life through technology and making meaningful impact on local communities, which is what Michael and his team are pursuing doing once more with Exyde www.goExyde.com
Explore Sarasota Collection's exquisite and long-lasting dining table sets and chairs in Sarasota. Elevate your dining experience with our high-quality collection!
How to Build a Diversified Investment Portfolio.pdfTrims Creators
Building a diversified investment portfolio is a fundamental strategy to manage risk and optimize returns. For both novice and experienced investors, diversification offers a pathway to a more stable and resilient financial future. Here’s an in-depth guide on how to create and maintain a well-diversified investment portfolio.
Best Crypto Marketing Ideas to Lead Your Project to SuccessIntelisync
In this comprehensive slideshow presentation, we delve into the intricacies of crypto marketing, offering invaluable insights and strategies to propel your project to success in the dynamic cryptocurrency landscape. From understanding market trends to building a robust brand identity, engaging with influencers, and analyzing performance metrics, we cover all aspects essential for effective marketing in the crypto space.
Also Intelisync, our cutting-edge service designed to streamline and optimize your marketing efforts, leveraging data-driven insights and innovative strategies to drive growth and visibility for your project.
With a data-driven approach, transparent communication, and a commitment to excellence, InteliSync is your trusted partner for driving meaningful impact in the fast-paced world of Web3. Contact us today to learn more and embark on a journey to crypto marketing mastery!
Ready to elevate your Web3 project to new heights? Contact InteliSync now and unleash the full potential of your crypto venture!
Textile Chemical Brochure - Tradeasia (1).pdfjeffmilton96
Explore Tradeasia’s brochure for eco-friendly textile chemicals. Enhance your textile production with high-quality, sustainable solutions for superior fabric quality.
What You're Going to Learn
- How These 4 Leaks Force You To Work Longer And Harder in order to grow your income… improve just one of these and the impact could be life changing.
- How to SHUT DOWN the revolving door of Income Stagnation… you know, where new sales come into your magazine while at the same time existing sponsors exit.
- How to transform your magazine business by fixing the 4 “DON’Ts”...
#1 LEADS Don’t Book
#2 PROSPECTS Don’t Show
#3 PROSPECTS Don’t Buy
#4 CLIENTS Don’t Stay
- How to identify which leak to fix first so you get the biggest bang for your income.
- Get actionable strategies you can use right away to improve your bookings, sales and retention.
2. into account the learning style of potential users. SMEs get information from
variety of sources such as their peers, competitors, suppliers and customers.
Entrepreneurs are likely to value and use information which comes from someone
close to them, who has a track record of practical credibility.
2. Provision of support services:
There needs to be support services such as Access to linkages and access to
finance.
(a) Financial capacity and access to finance:
The capacity of entrepreneurs to finance their operations and create sustainability
is identified as a serious shortcoming of most service providers. Whereas
promotion and advocacy can be achieved with a very small secretariat and a
strong involvement of voluntary leadership, the provision of services requires a
competent staff. There is an importance to differentiate between services like:
(i) Those provided free of charge or as part of the subscription fees in case of
membership organizations. These services have to be offered on a perceived-
needs basis and will have to be updated constantly.
(ii) Those which are offered on demand and for which there is a good client
commitment, meaning that the client is prepared to pay (members pay at a
discounted fee).
(b) Access to Linkages:
Entrepreneurs have an important role to play in the facilitation of vertical linkages
between SMEs and companies.
The role should be:
to negotiate for SME subcontracting between SMEs and large enterprises;
to keep database for linkage purposes;
to initiate corporate to match needs and opportunities.
2. Advocacy and networking:
Entrepreneurial programs have to be developed and implemented towards
satisfying issues along socio-economic and political lines.
(i) Social Aspects: Poverty Alleviation
(ii) Economic Aspects: Economic Empowerment(Freedom)
(iii) Political Aspects: Political Stability and Self reliance
Poverty Alleviation:
Literal programs can play an important role. Literacy can be easily understood
and in a broad perspective, from reading and writing to understanding and
tackling regulatory environment to economic understanding (business literacy).
Together with such programs, the entrepreneurial spirit, especially of young
people, should be fostered and a culture of entrepreneurial thinking and action
2
3. introduced. Such programs should be developed and introduced basically
everywhere - at the work place, school, rural communities etc.
The media could also play an important role in the promotion of enterprising
spirit and culture. This could further be campaigned by employers, concerned
citizens and spiritual leaders through their respective organizations such NGOs
Churches etc.
Economic Empowerment:
Besides active empowerment, SME entrepreneurs have to be actively and
meaningfully involved in advocacy and policy making processes. SME
owners/managers should be provided with knowledge, attitudes, skills and tools to
enrich and impact on economic policy processes and in particular towards
leveling the playing field. This will lead to the creation of appropriate advocacy
skills amongst SME owners/managers, more active and meaningful participation
as entrepreneurs in leadership positions and standing committees, access to
broader participation at local level in leadership and public office in the interest of
the creation of an enabling regulatory environment etc.
Political Stability and Self Reliance:
This recommendation deals with the development of local strategies and solutions
in entrepreneurship development instead of relying on, and replicating foreign
models. Citizens should take the responsibility of their own destiny. They should
also understand their own needs and challenges better. Models should be studied
within the region and promoted through local means.
The role of entrepreneurs on management:
The entrepreneur regards status and control in terms of its relation to goal
attainment. He/She is not interested in control merely for its own sake, but rather
for the opportunities it can provide for goal attainment. While he/she is aware that
a certain degree of status can help smooth his/her own way, he/she also realizes
that the high status of opponents or competitors can be a major block and plans
accordingly. There is enough information about the motivation of an entrepreneur
to be able to summarize the characteristics of jobs he/she can do effectively. One
of his/her strongest drives in life is to excel and perform in away that satisfy
his/her inner standards of what constitutes a job well done. Given this, one
prerequisite would be a job which he/she has a high degree of personal
responsibility in deciding how and what should be done. It must be made clear to
him/her that he/she is the one who will receive credit for any innovations or
improvements but will also have to answer for any negative result. This also
allows him/her to fulfill his/her desire to take calculated risks without being
disrupted by others.
The entrepreneur is most effective when his/her need to measure his performance
is satisfied via specific, concrete feedback. An entrepreneurial manager who is
given only a vague general idea of his units’ performance will become frustrated
3
4. and lose interest in doing a good job. Managers with these motivation
characteristics are vital to healthy growing organizations, and are, indeed, usually
found in such organizations at both the upper and middle management levels
holding key administrative and decision-making positions. In a hospital such
people make excellent top administrators, and are also effective in fund-raising
and recruitment if they are given sufficient responsibility.
The personal goals of the entrepreneur are predominantly focused on attaining
measurable excellence, either for himself/herself or for the organizational unit
with which he is identified. The entrepreneur views other people as instrumental
to helping him/her to attain his/her goals, and tend to value them on the basis of
what skills or aptitudes they have that can be of use to him/her. Although this
attitude smacks of ruthless, it is realistic and usually fair. The entrepreneurial
manager’s judgments concerning subordinates and colleagues are firmly based on
their ability to do a job, and do it well, rather than on friendship or personal
attractiveness. A successful entrepreneurial manager has to be high in need for
achievement, below average in need for affiliation and moderately high in need
for power because he/she is the one who answers for the performance of his
organizational unit whether negative or positive.
Role of SME in the National Economy:
The historical experience of economic development in the developed countries is
replete with success stories of the role of SME in industrial development,
technological innovation and export promotion. Similar examples are indeed also
found in economies of Africa and Asia. The industrial revolution of 1760 to 1850
is a testimony of the innovative spirit of SMEs which increasingly challenged in
the present century and the century to come, particularly after winds of change
and industrial liberalization which swept various economies of the world.
Contrary to the general impression, SMEs are as much an important catalyst in
industrialized countries as they are in the developing world with all these being
derived by entrepreneurship.
Entrepreneurship and Venture Creation:
In this case, the student has to develop the skills, risks and challenges of starting a
business. The following are the aspects to be considered when starting a business:
Planning:
The business has to be well-planned before it can function and under planning the
major things to account are:
>Type of business one wants to run
>Products/Materials needed
>Market
>Competition
>Productivity
>Future
4
6. 4. Productivity:
This can be characterized by the rising demand for that product/service and
production play a role in terms of quality, quantity and pricing. This contributes to
high profitability, and productivity in terms of quality and demand must be high.
5. Customers:
The most important aspect in business enterprise is the buyer/user of the
product/service and should be determined by the following:
(a) Sex, marital status and age group. It is very important to
know what age group is most frequent in buying the product
or targeted to buy the product/service.
(b) Occupation social classes:
Occupation plays an important role so as to know whether
your product is bought by which class of people, rich,
middle class, lower class or poor and unemployed class
because this will affect the pricing exercise.
These are the investigations to be considered about customers:
(i) Product Consideration:
The management of the business enterprise has to consider price, quality,
appearance, packaging, size, and fragility, ease of handling and
transportation, servicing, warrantees, durability that best suit its customers
and what will attract customers to buy every time convincingly. The
entrepreneur should bear in mind to offer products that satisfy the needs of
a customer other than making his own priorities but rather acquire product
services which will earn him profit.
(ii) Business Consideration:
Entrepreneurs have to consider the following in business:
Location, facilities, reputation, methods of selling, timing, credit terms,
advertising and promotion, variety of goods or services, appearance or
attitude of the business’s property or employees, capabilities of
employees, responsiveness of employees and goods or services, in such a
way that favors the attraction of customers in large and increasing
numbers based upon time. The entrepreneur should note that the site plays
a crucial role in business i.e. a business cannot be sited far away from the
people it targeted to make a profit from them as it will incur high
transportation costs to deliver goods and services to the consumers. The
entrepreneur also has to consider that advertising and promotion of goods
or services should be done repeatedly for attraction of customers.
6
7. (iii) Other Considerations:
The entrepreneur also has to consider the changes that occur periodically such
as: Shift in population, increase or decrease in income levels, age groups,
sexes of the customers, physical changes in the area, weather, seasonality and
cyclicality, change in customer attitudes and life-styles, change in economy
(recession, depression, etc.).
Lastly, the entrepreneur must get the views of the customers are potentially
based on the thought of the business’s products or services, what are the
strong points of the business’s products or services, and what are the weak
points. Then, the entrepreneur will consider if this information can be used to
make products or services more appealing to the potential customers.
6. Future:
The business has to be ambitious and has to develop for the benefit of the owner
so the entrepreneur has to plan the business for the current time and for the years
to come in terms of expenditure and income due to the changes that occur
periodically like; shift in population, income and age; physical changes in the
area, structural changes, weather, the change in economy.
MAKING YOUR WORKERS YOUR PARTNERS
There is an inherent conflict between owners and managers of companies. The former
want, for instance, to minimize costs - the latter to draw huge salaries as long as they are
in power. In publicly traded companies, the former wish to maximize the value of the
stocks (short term), the latter might have a longer term view of things. In the USA,
shareholders place emphasis on the appreciation of the stocks (the result of quarterly and
annual profit figures).
This leaves little room for technological innovation, investment in research and
development and in infrastructure. The theory is that workers who also own
stocks avoid these cancerous conflicts which, at times, bring companies to ruin and, in
many cases, dilapidate them financially and technologically. Whether reality
lives up to theory, is an altogether different question. A stock option is the right to
purchase (or sell - but this is not applicable in our case) a stock at a specified price
(=strike price) on or before a given date. Stock options are either not traded (in the case
of private firms) or traded in a stock exchange (in the case of public firms whose shares
are also traded in a stock exchange).
Stock options have many uses: they are popular investments and speculative vehicles in
many markets in the West, they are a way to hedge (to insure) stock positions (in the case
of put options which allow you to sell your stocks at a pre-fixed price). With very minor
investment and very little risk (one can lose only the money invested in buying the ption)
- huge profits can be realized.
7
8. Creative owners and shareholders began to use stock options to provide their workers
with an incentive to work for the company and only for the company. Normally such
perks were reserved to senior management, thought indispensable. Later, as companies
realized that their main asset was their employees, all employees began to enjoy similar
opportunities. Under an incentive stock option scheme, an employee is given by the
company (as part of his compensation package) an option to purchase its shares at a
certain price (at or below market price at the time that the option was granted) for a given
number of years. Profits derived from such options now constitute the main part of the
compensation of the top managers of the Fortune 500 in the USA and the habit is
catching on even with more conservative Europe.
A Stock Option Plan is an organized program for employees of a corporation allowing
them to buy its shares. Sometimes the employer gives the employees subsidized loans to
enable them to invest in the shares or even matches their purchases: for every share
bought by an employee, the employer awards him with another one, free of charge. In
many companies, employees are offered the opportunity to buy the shares of the company
at a discount (which translates to an immediate paper profit).
Dividends that the workers receive on the shares that they hold can be reinvested by them
in additional shares of the firm (some firms do it for them automatically and without or
with reduced brokerage commissions). Many companies have wage "set-aside" programs:
employees regularly use a part of their wages to purchase the shares of the company at
the market prices at the time of purchase. Another well known structure is the Employee
Stock Ownership Plan (ESOP) whereby employees regularly accumulate shares and may
ultimately assume control of the company.
Let us study in depth a few of these schemes:
It all began with Ronald Reagan. His administration passed in Congress the Economic
Recovery Tax Act (ERTA - 1981) under which certain kinds of stock options
("qualifying options") were declared tax-free at the date that they were granted and at the
date that they were exercised. Profits on shares sold after being held for at least two years
from the date that they were granted or one year from the date that they were transferred
to an employee were subjected to preferential (lower rate) capital gains tax. A new class
of stock options was thus invented: the "Qualifying Stock Option". Such an option was
legally regarded as a privilege granted to an employee of the company that allowed him
to purchase, for a special price, shares of its capital stock (subject to conditions of the
Internal Revenue - the American income tax - code). To qualify, the option plan must be
approved by the shareholders, the options must not be transferable (i.e. cannot be sold in
the stock exchange or privately - at least for a certain period of time).
Additional conditions: the exercise price must not be less than the market price of the
shares at the time that the options were issued and that the employee who receives the
stock options (the grantee) may not own stock representing more than 10% of the
company's voting power unless the option price equals 110% of the market price and the
option is not exercisable for more than five years following its grant. No income tax is
payable by the employee either at the time of the grant or at the time that he converts the
8
9. option to shares (which he can sell at the stock exchange at a profit) - the exercise period.
If the market price falls below the option price, another option, with a lower exercise
price can be issued. There is a 100,000 USD per employee limit on the value of the stock
covered by options that can be exercised in any one calendar year.
This law - designed to encourage closer bondage between workers and their workplaces
and to boost stock ownership - led to the creation of Employee Stock Ownership Plans
(ESOPs). These are programs which encourage employees to purchase stock in their
company. Employees may participate in the management of the company. In certain
cases - for instance, when the company needs rescuing - they can even take control
(without losing their rights). Employees may offer wage concessions or other work rules
related concessions in return for ownership privileges - but only if the company is
otherwise liable to close down ("marginal facility"). How much of its stock should a
company offer to its workers and in which manner?
There are no rules (except that ownership and control need not be transferred). A few of
the methods:
1. The company offers packages of different sizes, comprising shares and options and the
employees bid for them in open tender
2. The company sells its shares to the employees on an equal basis (all the members of
the senior management, for instance, have the right to buy the same number of shares) -
and the workers are then allowed to trade the shares between them
3. The company could give one or more of the current shareholders the right to offer his
shares to the employees or to a specific group of them.
The money generated by the conversion of the stock options (when an employee
exercises his right and buys shares) usually goes to the company. The company sets aside
in its books a number of shares sufficient to meet the demand which may be generated by
the conversion of all outstanding stock options. If necessary, the company issues new
shares to meet such a demand. Rarely, the stock options are converted into shares already
held by other shareholders.
FAMILY BUSINESSES
Many successful small businesses operate from the family home. With young children to
be cared for, it is often the only sensible way for a single parent to earn a living. Engaged
in crafts, creative work, supplying secretarial services or repairs are typical of those small
businesses working successfully from home.
There are tax advantages in family or home based businesses since the running costs such
as electricity, telephone and other utilities are shared between the family and the
business. Transport costs to and from office do not exist and office or workshop rentals.
9
10. The family or home based business is the best option for starters with little or without
capital.
Much of this family or home based business depends on the relationship between
marriage partners whether both of them are fully engaged in the day-to-day management.
If both partners are active, then the interest they have in their business will make it
possible for them to work in harmony from their home and therefore the business will be
profitable. When there is only one active partner in the business, generally the husband,
there can be problems.
SMALL BUSINESSES - BIG OBSTACLES
Everyone is talking about small businesses. In 1993, when
it was allowed in Developing countries, more than 90,000 new firms were registered by
individuals. Now, less than three years later, official figures show that only 40,000 of
them still pay their dues and present annual financial statements. These firms are called
"active" - but this is a misrepresentation. Only a very small fraction really does business
and produces income.
Why this reversal? Why people were so enthusiastic to register companies - and then
became too desperate to operate them?
Small business is more than a fashion or a buzzword. In the USA, only small businesses
create new jobs. The big dinosaur firms (the "blue-chips") create negative employment -
they fire people. This trend has a glitzy name: downsizing.
In Israel many small businesses became world class exporters and big companies in
world terms. The same goes, to a lesser extent, in Britain and in Germany.
Virtually every Western country has a "Small Business Administration" (SBA).
These agencies provide many valuable services to small businesses:
They help them organize funding for all their needs: Infrastructure, capital goods
(machinery and equipment), land, working capital, licence and patent fees and charges,
etc.
The SBAs have access to government funds, to local venture capital funds, to
international and multilateral investment sources, to the local banking community and
to private investors. They act as capital brokers at a fraction of the costs that private
brokers and organized markets charge.
They assist the entrepreneur in the preparation of business plans, feasibility studies,
application forms, questionnaires - and any other thing which the new start-up venture
might need to raise funds to finance its operations.
10
11. This saves the new business a lot of money. The costs of preparing such documents in the
private sector amount to thousands of Dollars per document.
They reduce bureaucracy. They mediate between the small business and the various
tentacles of the government. They become the ONLY address which the new business
should approach, a "One Stop Shop".
But why do new (usually small) businesses need special treatment and encouragement at
all? And if they do need it - what are the best ways to provide them with this help?
A new business goes through phases in the business cycle (very similar to the stages of
human life).
The first phase - is the formation of an idea. A person – or a group of people join forces,
centred around one exciting invention, process or service.
These crystallizing ideas have a few hallmarks:
They are oriented to fill the needs of a market niche (a small group of select consumers or
customers), or to provide an innovative solution to a problem which bothers many, or to
create a market for a totally new product or service, or to provide a better solution to a
problem which is solved in a less efficient manner.
At this stage what the entrepreneurs need most is expertise. They need a marketing expert
to tell them if their idea is marketable and viable. They need a financial expert to tell
them if they can get funds in each phase of the business cycle - and wherefrom and also if
the product or service can produce enough income to support the business, pay back
debts and yield a profit to the investors. They need technical experts to tell them if the
idea can or cannot be realized and what it requires by way of technology transfers,
engineering skills, know-how, etc.
Once the idea has been shaped to its final form by the team of entrepreneurs and experts -
the proper legal entity should be formed. A bewildering array of possibilities arises:
A partnership? A corporation? - If so, a stock or a nonstick company? Research and
development (RND) entity? a foreign company or a local entity? And so on.
This decision is of cardinal importance. It has enormous tax implications and in the near
future of the firm it greatly influences the firm's ability to raise funds in foreign capital
markets. Thus, a lawyer must be consulted who knows both the local applicable laws and
the foreign legislation in markets which could be relevant to the firm. This costs a lot of
money, one thing that entrepreneurs are in short supply of. Free legal advice is likely to
be highly appreciated by them.
11
12. When the firm is properly legally established, registered with all the relevant authorities
and has appointed an accounting firm - it can go on to tackle its main business:
developing new products and services. At this stage the firm should adopt Western
accounting standards and methodology. Accounting systems in many countries leave too
much room for creative playing with reserve and with amortization. No one in the West
will give the firm credits or invest in it based on domestic financial statements.
A whole host of problems faces the new firm immediately upon its formation.
Good entrepreneurs do not necessarily make good managers. Management techniques are
not a genetic heritage.
They must be learnt and assimilated. Today's modern management includes many
elements: manpower, finances, marketing, investing in the firm's future through
the development of new products, services, or even whole new business lines. That is
quite a lot and very few people are properly trained to do the job successfully.
On top of that, markets do not always react the way entrepreneurs expect them to react.
Markets are evolving creatures: they change; they develop, disappear and reappear.
They are exceedingly hard to predict. The sales projections of the firm could prove to be
unfounded. Its contingency funds can evaporate. Sometimes it is better to create a
product mix: well recognized brands which sell well - side by side with innovative
products.
I gave you a brief - and by no way comprehensive – taste of what awaits the new business
and its initiator, the entrepreneur. You see that a lot of money and effort are needed even
in the first phases of creating a business.
How can the Government help?
It could set up an "Entrepreneur's One Stop Shop". A person wishing to establish a new
business will go to a Government agency. In one office, he will find the representatives
of all the relevant government offices, authorities, agencies and municipalities.
He will present his case and the business that he wishes to develop. In a matter of few
weeks he will receive all the necessary permits and licences without having to go to
each office separately.
Having obtained the requisite licences and permits and having registered with all the
appropriate authorities – the entrepreneur will move on to the next room in the same
building. Here he will receive a list of all the sources of capital available to him both
locally and from foreign sources. The terms and conditions of the financing will be
specified for each and every source. Example: EBRD - loans of up to 10 years - interest
between 6.5% and 8% - grace period of up to 3 years - finances mainly industry, financial
services, environmental projects, infrastructure and public services.
12
13. The entrepreneur will select the sources of funds most suitable for his needs - and
proceed to the next room. The next room will contain all the experts necessary to
establish the business, get it going - and, most important, to raise funds from both local
and international institutions.
For a symbolic sum they will prepare all the documents required by the financing
institutions as per their instructions.
But entrepreneurs in many developing countries are still fearful and uninformed. They
are intimidated by the complexity of the task facing them.
The solution is simple: a tutor or a mentor will be attached to each and every
entrepreneur. This tutor will escort the entrepreneur from the first phase to the last.
He will be employed by the "One Stop Shop" and his role will be to ease life for the
novice businessman. He will transform the person to a businessman.
And then they will wish the entrepreneur: "Bon Voyage" - and may the best ones win.
Decision Support Systems
Many companies in developing countries have a very detailed reporting system going
down to the level of a single product, a single supplier, a single day. However, these
reports – which are normally provided to the General Manager - should not, in my view,
be used by them at all. They are too detailed and, thus, tend to obscure the true picture. A
General Manager must have a bird's eye view of his company. He must be alerted to
unusual happenings, disturbing financial data and other irregularities.
As things stand now, the following phenomena could happen:
(a) That the management will highly leverage the company by assuming excessive debts
burdening the cash flow of the company and / or
(b) That a false Profit and Loss (PNL) picture will emerge - both on the single product
level - and generally. This could lead to wrong decision making, based on wrong data.
(c) That the company will pay excessive taxes on its earnings and / or
(d) That the inventory will not be fully controlled and appraised centrally and / or
(e) That the wrong cash flow picture will distort the decisions of the management and
lead to wrong (even to dangerous) decisions.
To assist in overcoming the above, there are four levels of reporting and flows of data
which every company should institute:
13
14. The first level is the annual budget of the company which is really a business plan. The
budget allocates amounts of money to every activity and / or department of the firm.
As time passes, the actual expenditures are compared to the budget in a feedback loop.
During the year, or at the end of the fiscal year, the firm generates its financial
statements: the income statement, the balance sheet, the cash flow statement.
Put together, these four documents are the formal edifice of the firm's finances. However,
they can not serve as day to day guides to the General Manager.
The second tier of financial audit and control is when the finance department (equipped
with proper software – Solomon IV is the most widely used in the West) is able to
produce pro forma financial statements monthly. These financial statements, however
inaccurate, provide a better sense of the dynamics of the operation and should be
constructed on the basis of Western accounting principles (GAAP and FASBs, or IAS).
But the Manager should be able to open this computer daily and receive two kinds of
data, fully updated and fully integrated:
1. Daily financial statements
2. Daily ratios report.
The daily financial statements
The Manager should have access to continuously updated statements of income, cash
flow, and a balance sheet. The most important statement is that of the cash flow. The
manager should be able to know, at each and every stage, what his real cash situation is -
as opposed to the theoretical cash situation which includes accounts payable and account
receivable in the form of expenses and income.
These pro forma financial statements should include all the future flows of money -
whether invoiced or not. This way, the Manager will be able to type a future date into his
computer and get the financial reports and statements relating to that date.
In other words, the Manager will not be able to see only a present situation of his
company, but its future situation, fully analyzed and fully updated.
Using today's technology - a wireless-connected laptop – managers are able to access
all these data from anywhere in the world, from home, while traveling, and so on.
The daily ratios report
This is the most important part of the decision support system. It enables the Manager to
instantly analyze dozens of important aspects of the functioning of his company. It allows
him to compare the behavior of these parameters to historical data and to simulate the
future functioning of his company under different scenarios.
It also allows him to compare the performance of his company to the performance of his
competitors, other firms in his branch and to the overall performance of the industry that
he is operating in.
14
15. The Manager can review these financial and production ratios. Where there is a strong
deviation from historical patterns, or where the ratios warn about problems in the future –
management intervention may be required. Instead of sifting through mountains of
documents, the Manager will only have to look at four computer screens in the morning,
spot the alerts, read the explanations offered by the software, check what is happening
and better prepare himself for the future.
Examples of the ratios to be included in the decision
System:
(a) SUE measure - deviation of actual profits from expected profits
(b) ROE - the return on the adjusted equity capital
(c) Debt to equity ratios
(d) ROA - the return on the assets
(e) The financial average
(f) ROS - the profit margin on the sales
(g) ATO - asset turnover, how efficiently assets are used
(h) Tax burden and interest burden ratios
(i) Compounded leverage
(j) Sales to fixed assets ratios
(k) Inventory turnover ratios
(l) Days receivable and days payable
(m) Current ratio, quick ratio, interest coverage ratio and other liquidity and coverage
ratios
(n) Valuation price ratios and many others.
The effects of using a decision system
A decision system has great impact on the profits of the company. It forces the
management to rationalize the depreciation, inventory and inflation policies. It warns the
management against impending crises and problems in the company. It specially helps in
following areas:
15