This part we will learn about proturan, springtails, dipluran and silverfish. Just basic characteristics for each species. Hope you guys enjoy this part. I will upload the next part later.

1. ENTOMOLOGY
Part 1

2. 01 02 03 04
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PROTURA
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COLLEMBOLA
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DIPLURA
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THYSANURA
SUBPHYLUM: HEXAPODA CLASS: ENTOGNATHA (except Thysanura)
• Body divided into
head, thorax and
abdomen
• Have segmented
body (exoskeleton)
• Have 3 pairs
jointed leg
• Mouthparts pulled into the
head (except Thysanura)
• small (less than 5 mm in length)
• wingless
• found in leaf litter, near water
and moist area

3. C O N T E N T S
01 PROTURA
02 COLLEMBOLA
03 DIPLURA
04 THYSANURA

4. NO.1 PROTURA (Proturan)
• Primative insect
• no antennae, no eyes
• have sucking mouth
• front leg acts as antennae (serve a sensory function)
• lack of pigmentation
• body elongated and cylindrical
• herbirorous: graze on mycorrhiza, fungus that
mutualistically lives on plants roots and suck up
fungal hyphae
• Lifecycle: anamorphosis
• Importances:
-helps decomposing organic matter
-helps breakdown leaf litter
-vital in soil restoration

5. NO.2 COLLEMBOLA (Springtails)
• have short antennae that used as tactile, olfactory and
auditory organ
• have tail-like appandages (fulcula) that act like spring
which is used for jumping
• Species can be herbivorous, carnivorous, omnivour or
fluid feeders; many feed on fungal hyphae and pollen.
• they consume plant material, animal remains such as
arthropoda feaces and bacteria
• Lifecycle: ametabolous
(they reproduce quickly, egg to adult stage)
• Enrichment of soil
• Some species are pests on mushrooms, greenhouse,
agricultural, and garden plants, and in households.
• Some inhibit plant hardness
• Some slightly damage the root in soil (garden)

6. NO.3 DIPLURA (Dipluran)
• no eyes
• long and slender antennae
• elongated and many sengmented
• chewing mouthpart
• They are herbvorous which is feed on plant roots
and on fungi.
• They also predaceous which is ear small soil
arthropods

7. NO.4 THYSANURA (Silverfish)
• they are not entognatha but they are ectognatha
which their mouthpart are not sunken
• elongated and somewhat flattened body
• long, thin and multisegmented antennae
• small compound eyes and widely separated
• body covered with silver scales
• They eat decaying fruit
• feed algae and lichen
• A few species are domesticated and live with humans.
These species feed on starchy; substances like the
bindings of books, labels, starched clothing and other
fabrics, and the starch paste in wallpaper.