Enhanced control of a dfig based wind-power generation system with series grid-side converter

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This document summarizes a research paper about enhancing control of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind power system with a series grid-side converter under unbalanced grid voltage conditions. The series grid-side converter injects a control voltage to balance the stator voltage and remove adverse effects of voltage unbalance, allowing the rotor-side converter to operate normally. Three control targets are identified for the parallel grid-side converter to eliminate power or current oscillations. A precise current reference generation strategy is also proposed for the parallel grid-side converter to improve overall system performance. Simulation and experimental results validated the proposed coordinated control strategy for the DFIG system.

ENHANCED CONTROL OF A DFIG-BASED WIND-POWER
GENERATION SYSTEM WITH SERIES GRID-SIDE CONVERTER
UNDER UNBALANCED GRID VOLTAGE CONDITIONS
ABSTRACT:
This paper presents an enhanced control method for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based
wind-power generation system with series grid-side converter (SGSC) under unbalanced grid voltage
conditions. The behaviors of the DFIG system with SGSC during network unbalance are described. By
injecting a series control voltage generated from the SGSC to balance the stator voltage, the adverse effects
of voltage unbalance upon the DFIG, such as stator and rotor current unbalances, electromagnetic torque,
and power pulsations, can be removed, and then the conventional vector control strategy for the rotor-side
converter remains in full force under unbalanced conditions. Meanwhile, three control targets for the parallel
grid-side converter (PGSC) are identified, including eliminating the oscillations in the total active power or
reactive power, or eliminating negative-sequence current injected to the grid. Furthermore, a precise current
reference generation strategy for the PGSC has been proposed for the PGSC to further improve the operation
performance of the whole system. Finally, the proposed coordinated control strategy for the DFIG system
with SGSC has been validated by the simulation results of a 2-MW-DFIG-based wind turbine with SGSC
and experimental results on a laboratory-scale experimental rig under small steady-state grid voltage
unbalance.

Application of FACTS controller called Static Synchronous Compensator STATCOM to improve the performance of power grid with Wind Farms is investigated .The essential feature of the STATCOM is that it has the ability to absorb or inject fastly the reactive power with power grid . Therefore the voltage regulation of the power grid with STATCOM FACTS device is achieved. Moreover restoring the stability of the power system having wind farm after occurring severe disturbance such as faults or wind farm mechanical power variation is obtained with STATCOM controller . The dynamic model of the power system having wind farm controlled by proposed STATCOM is developed . To validate the powerful of the STATCOM FACTS controller, the studied power system is simulated and subjected to different severe disturbances. The results prove the effectiveness of the proposed STATCOM controller in terms of fast damping the power system oscillations and restoring the power system stability.

Fc tcr.newpptxRakshita Upadhyay

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Jigyesh Sharma, CEng

In the modern power system the reactive power compensation is one of the main issues, the transmission of active power requires a difference in angular phase between voltages at the sending and receiving points (which is feasible within wide limits), whereas the transmission of reactive power requires a difference in magnitude of these same voltages (which is feasible only within very narrow limits). The reactive power is consumed not only by most of the network elements, but also by most of the consumer loads, so it must be supplied somewhere. If we can't transmit it very easily, then it ought to be generated where it is needed." (Reference Edited by T. J. E. Miller, Forward Page ix).Thus we need to work on the efficient methods by which VAR compensation can be applied easily and we can optimize the modern power system. VAR control technique can provides appropriate placement of compensation devices by which a desirable voltage profile can be achieved and at the same time minimizing the power losses in the system. This report discusses the transmission line requirements for reactive power compensation. In this report thyristor switched capacitor is explained which is a static VAR compensator used for reactive power management in electrical systems. Seminar Topic For Electrical and Electronics Engineering (EEE)

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In a deregulated power system, the electric power demand is extending ordinary which may lead to overloads and loss of generation. Transient stability studies put a fundamental part in power systems, which give information related to the capacity of a power structure to stay in synchronism during major disturbances resulting from either the loss of generation or transmission facilities, sudden or sustained changes. The examination of transient quality is discriminating to work the power structure more secure and this paper focuses on growing the transient relentlessness using FACTS devices like Static Synchronous Series Compensator (SSSC) and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM). These FACTS contraptions are in a perfect world set on transmission structure using Sensitivity approach framework.

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Power Generation and Transmission is a complex process, requiring the working of many components of the power system in tandem to maximize the output. One of the main components to form a major part is the reactive power in the system. It is required to maintain the voltage to deliver the active power through the lines. Loads like motor loads and other loads require reactive power for their operation. To improve the performance of ac power systems, we need to manage this reactive power in an efficient way and this is known as reactive power compensation. In developing countries like India, where the variation of power frequency and many such other determinants of power quality are themselves a serious question, it is very vital to take positive steps in this direction. The work presented here illustrates a method to compensate for the load reactive power using a DSTATCOM A DSTATCOM injects a current into the system to provide for the reactive component of the load current. The validity of proposed method and achievement of desired compensation are confirmed by the results of the simulation in MATLAB/ Simulink.

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In the past, most national grid codes and standards did not require wind turbines to support the power system during a disturbance. For example during a grid fault or sudden drop in frequency wind turbines were tripped off the system. However, as the wind power penetration continues to increase, the interaction between the wind turbines and the power system has become more important. This is because, when all wind turbines would be disconnected in case of a grid failure, these renewable generators will, unlike conventional power plants, not be able to support the voltage and the frequency of the grid during and immediately following the grid failure. This would cause major problems for the systems stability. Therefore, wind farms will have to continue to operate during system disturbances and support the network voltage and frequency. Network design codes are now being revised to reflect this new requirement. A special focus in this requirement is drawn to both the fault ride-through capability and the grid support capability. Fault ride-through capability addresses mainly the design of the wind turbine controller in such a way that the wind turbine is able to remain connected to the network during grid faults (e.g. short circuit faults). While grid support capability represents the wind turbine capability to assist the power system by supplying ancillary services, i.e. such as supplying reactive power, in order to help the grid voltage recovery during and just after the clearance of grid faults. Due to the partial-scale power converter, wind turbines based on the DFIG are very sensitive to grid disturbances, especially to voltage dips during grid faults. Faults in the power system, even far away from the location of the turbine, can cause a voltage dip at the connection point of the wind turbine. The abrupt drop of the grid voltage will cause over-current in the rotor windings and overvoltage in the DC bus of the power converters. Without any protection, this will certainly lead to the destruction of the converters. In addition, it will also cause over-speeding of the wind turbine, which will threaten the safe operation of the turbine. Thus a lot of research works have been carried out on the LVRT ability of DFIG wind turbines under the grid fault. These LVRT strategies can be divided into two main types: the active method by improving control strategies, the passive scheme with additional hardware protective devices.

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This paper is about the modelling and simulation of wind driven doubly fed induction generator. A converter setup that is back to back PWM with stator voltage oriented vector control is used to control the DFIG. The back to back PWM converter set up consists of the Rotor Side Converter and the Grid Side Converter with intermediate DC link. Decoupled control of the DC link voltage and the grid reactive power is obtained through Voltage oriented control of GSC. Similarly independent control of power from wind and reactive power of DFIG is carried out by stator voltage oriented vector control of RSC. Coordinated control of the back to back converter setup in both subsynchronous and supersynchronous mode is presented This simulink model includes the grid connection, the induction generator as well as the control parts.

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With the growing integration into power grids, wind power plants are very important for power system. According to the grid codes wind power plants should have the ability to perform voltage control and reactive power compensation at the Point of Common Coupling (PCC). In general, the entire wind farm operates within a power factor range of 0.95 leading and lagging. This operation drastically under utilizes the reactive output of the machine. The results offered in this paper demonstrates enhancement of reactive power capability of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG). This additional reactive power supports to improve the post fault voltage and reduces the overall system losses and also reduces the cost of the generation. The utilization of extended reactive limits in voltage control may prevent system collapse.

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Improvement of power quality has to be treated as a matter of at most importance in the open market economy due to the increased use of non linear loads. Several devices have been used to mitigate the power quality problems. Now a days researchers are concentrating on the use of FACT devices to overcome power quality issues. Unified Power Quality Conditioner is one among such FACT devices upon which this paper has concentrated for mitigating the Power Quality problems. Here a 3 phase 3 wire UPQC is realised using MATLAB/SIMULINK to mitigate voltage sag and swell as well as to maintain sinusoidal voltage and current at PCC irrespective of load dynamics.

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The Direct Power Contro; has many advantages like it avoids the usage of integration of PWM voltages which leads to stable operation even at zero rotor frequency, it is position sensor less and hence will not depend on machine parameters like stator or rotor resistance. In case of network unbalance, if the system is operated with constant active and reactive powers, it leads to oscillations in the electromagnetic torque and currents exchange with the grid will become non- sinusoidal, which is not good for the system as it increases the mechanical stress. In this paper, both the rotor connected converter and grid connected converter are fed with DPC strategy along with that a Torque Oscillations Cancellation scheme is applied to RSC and Proportional Integral control based power references generation strategy without calculating the sequence components and with elimination of DC bus voltage oscillations is applied to stator-side converter in order to achieve non-oscillating torque accompanied by quality improved current exchange with the grid. The simulation results of Doubly Fed Induction Generator with and without fault clearly shows that the performance of the proposed scheme is validated.

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1. ENHANCED CONTROL OF A DFIG-BASED WIND-POWER GENERATION SYSTEM WITH SERIES GRID-SIDE CONVERTER UNDER UNBALANCED GRID VOLTAGE CONDITIONS ABSTRACT: This paper presents an enhanced control method for a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind-power generation system with series grid-side converter (SGSC) under unbalanced grid voltage conditions. The behaviors of the DFIG system with SGSC during network unbalance are described. By injecting a series control voltage generated from the SGSC to balance the stator voltage, the adverse effects of voltage unbalance upon the DFIG, such as stator and rotor current unbalances, electromagnetic torque, and power pulsations, can be removed, and then the conventional vector control strategy for the rotor-side converter remains in full force under unbalanced conditions. Meanwhile, three control targets for the parallel grid-side converter (PGSC) are identified, including eliminating the oscillations in the total active power or reactive power, or eliminating negative-sequence current injected to the grid. Furthermore, a precise current reference generation strategy for the PGSC has been proposed for the PGSC to further improve the operation performance of the whole system. Finally, the proposed coordinated control strategy for the DFIG system with SGSC has been validated by the simulation results of a 2-MW-DFIG-based wind turbine with SGSC and experimental results on a laboratory-scale experimental rig under small steady-state grid voltage unbalance.

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