This document discusses both ingredients that can harm health as well as those that can promote health. It begins by recognizing awards given to innovative and beneficial ingredients at an expo, such as vitamin K2 and algal flour. It then discusses how various regulations and events, like DSHEA, have shaped the supplements industry over time. Both harmful chemicals like sodium and beneficial compounds like vitamin C, K2, probiotics, and PQQ are mentioned. The document provides a balanced perspective on both health-killing and health-healing ingredients.

1. INGREDIENTS THAT KILL
INGREDIENTS THAT HEAL
TODD RUNESTAD
Engredea / Functional Ingredients
New Hope Natural Media
Natural Products Expo West / Engredea
March 7, 2015
trunestad@newhope.com
@ToddRunestad
1

2. NutrAward 2015
• Best new ingredient: MenaQ7vitamin K2 by Natto Pharma
• Best finished product featuring a functional ingredient: Garden of Flavr
Flavor/Ganeden

3. Engredea Editor’s Choice Awards
• Best ingredient for clean label (Ingredion #526)
• Most transparent chain-of-custody (AlaskOmega #123)
• Most sustainable ingredient (Roquette #238 Algility includes whole algal flour and
algal protein)
• Best whole-food ingredient (Canadian Prairie Garden #320)
• Most innovative ingredient (Mazza #187)
• Best organic ingredient (Ribus NuFlo #316)
• Best probiotic (Ganeden #347)
• Best botanical (Novel Ingredient Services #269)
• Best gluten-free ingredient (JG Pizzey #474)

4. Top 10 moments in the history of the supplements industry
http://ow.ly/JRaMJ
• 10. The Dr. Oz effect: raspberry ketones>astaxanthin; Congress; Tiger Woods?
• 9. AERs: 2006; 15 days to submit serious adverse events reports to FDA
• 8. FSMA: 2010; FDA recall authority (DMAA); foreign supplier verification
• 7. NLEA:1990; nutrient content claims; health claims; Pearson: qualified health claims
• 6. Botanical adulteration scandal in NY: Bogus tests but still …
• 5. Fish oil sector unites under quality standards
• 4. Ephedra ban
• 3. Antioxidants: household word; Denham Harmon; ACES; Linus ’79!
• 2. Proxmire Amendment of 1976: 150% RDA or drugs
• 1. DSHEA: 1994; structure/function claims; GMPs; NDIs

5. How’d we get here?
• Post-WWII industrial agriculture
• Better living through chemistry: seed co > farmer > not consumer
• FDA and Big Pharma
• Hippies 1972 – 2015
• Post-modern diseases: diabesity, autism, ADHD
• Ask an indigenous tribe
• Bees
–Neonicotinoids: 90% corn (yield +17%), 30% soy (no change)
•“We’re bathing the world in these chemicals. Birds,
butterflies, possibly bats – they’re all at risk.”

6. KILL: Monsanto
• Saccharin
• PCBs
• Polystyrene (Styrofoam)
• DDT
• Dioxin
• Agent Orange
• Roundup
• Aspartame
• rBGH
• GMOs

26. .
• .

27. HEAL / KILL: NLEA’s cardio claims
• HEAL: “Food containing 0.7g or more of Plant Stanol Esters per serving eaten two to
three times a day with meals may reduce the risk of heart disease as part of a diet
low in saturated fat and cholesterol. A serving of Benecol Spread contains 1.7g of
Plant Stanol Esters.”
• KILL: Dietary saturated fat and cholesterol and risk of CHD.
• HEAL: Fruits, vegetables and grain products that contain fiber, particularly soluble
fiber, and risk of CHD.
• KILL: Sodium and hypertension (upper limit 2,400mg/day; reality 3,466mg/day)
• HEAL: Fiber-containing grain products, fruits and vegetables and cancer

28. KILL / HEAL: NLEA’s cancer claims
• KILL: Dietary lipids (fat) and cancer
• HEAL: Fiber-containing grain products, fruits and vegetables and cancer
–“U.S. diets tend to be high in fat and low in grain products, fruits, and vegetables.”

29. NLEA: Other claims
• HEAL: Calcium / vitamin D and osteoporosis
– “An inadequate intake of calcium or calcium and vitamin D contributes to low peak bone
mass, which has been identified as one of many risk factors in the development of
osteoporosis. Peak bone mass is the total quantity of bone present at maturity, and experts
believe that it has the greatest bearing on whether a person will be at risk of developing
osteoporosis and related bone fractures later in life. While vitamin D is required for optimal
bone mineralization, it is more effective when calcium intake is adequate”
• HEAL: Folate and neural tube defects
– Folate alone at levels of 400 mcg (0.4 mg) per day may reduce the risk of neural tube defects
by 50%.
– CDC: Before folic acid fortification, about 4,100 pregnancies were affected by a neural tube
defect each year in the United States. After fortification, this number declined to about 3,000.
The number of deaths each year due to neural tube defects also declined from 1,200 before
folic acid was added to 840 after folic acid was added.

30. NLEA: By petition
• HEAL: Whole oat soluble fiber and CHD
• HEAL: Psyllium seed husk and CHD
• HEAL: Soy protein and CHD
• HEAL: Plant sterol esters and CHD
• HEAL: Plant stanol esters and CHD
• HEAL: Oatrim and CHD
• HEAL: Barley soluble fiber and CHD
• HEAL: Sugar alcohol and dental caries

31. NLEA: Pearson v Shalalah “qualified” health claims
• 16 approved, in 6 health categories
• HEAL: Heart disease: B vitamins, certain tree nuts, omega-3 fatty acids, olive oil,
canola oil, corn oil
• “Supportive but not conclusive research shows that consumption of EPA and DHA omega-3
fatty acids may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Consumers not exceed more than a
total of 3 grams per day of EPA and DHA omega-3 fatty acids, with no more than 2 grams per
day from a dietary supplement.”

32. NLEA: “Qualified” health claims
• Cancer: tomato products, calcium, green tea, selenium, certain antioxidant vitamins.
• “Two weak studies suggest that selenium intake may reduce the risk of prostate cancer.
However, four stronger studies and three weak studies showed no reduction in risk. Based on
these studies, FDA concludes that it is highly unlikely that selenium supplements reduce the
risk of prostate cancer.”
• High-selenium yeast vs selenomethionine
• Lippman SM, et al. Effect of selenium and vitamin E on risk of prostate cancer and other cancers: the Selenium and Vitamin E
Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). JAMA. 2009 Jan 7;301(1):39-51.

33. NLEA: “Qualified” health claims
• Cognitive function: Phosphatidylserine
• Diabetes: Chromium picolinate
• Hypertension: Calcium
“Consumption of phosphatidylserine may reduce the risk of cognitive dysfunction in
the elderly. Very limited and preliminary scientific research suggests that
phosphatidylserine may reduce the risk of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly. FDA
concludes that there is little scientific evidence supporting this claim.”

34. KILL: Sodium
• Part of what makes fast food French fries so appealing are salty, savory flavors. However, many
fast food items come with a high sodium level.
• Burger King's French fries, which offers 710 mg of sodium – about 30% Daily Value.
• High sodium levels can raise your blood pressure and contribute to increased risk for heart
disease.

35. .
•HEAL: Vitamin K2

36. Why is vitamin K status important in childhood?
• The higher the “peak” bone mass (achieved at age < 30 years) the
more you are protected from developing osteoporosis
• Young bone is highly active and osteocalcin levels are 8 – 10 fold higher
compared to adults  requirement of vitamin K thus also higher.

37. HEAL: New Vitamin K2 study
• 180 mcg/day MenaQ7 (NattoPharma) for 3 years. 244 healthy postmenopausal
women (55-65).
• Regressed age-related stiffening of artery walls.
• Unprecedented statistically significant improvement of vascular elasticity.1
• Stiffness, blockages = heart attacks, strokes
• Calcification in arteries adds 10 years to one’s biological age.2
• Validates Rotterdam study – 50% fewer deaths
• Hardening of the arteries may be a vitamin K2 deficiency!
• 1. Knapen M, et al. Menaquinone-7 supplementation improves arterial stiffness in healthy postmenopausal women: double-
blind randomised clinical trial. Thrombosis and Haemostatis 113.5/2015.
• 2. Rosenhek, et al. New England Journal of Medicine 2000.

38. HEAL: Vitamin C is for cholesterol
• Cholesterol is made by the body. How can it be bad? Just needs fiber to flush.
• Linus Pauling studies (pulled from National Academy of Sciences):
–Vitamin C deficiency weakens connective tissue
–Hardening of the arteries is scurvy!
• Apo(a) thickens arteries – better heart attack later than arterial scurvy now.
• Confirmed: Cut the death rate of elderly Brits by 50%. Blood levels highest fifth >66
micromol/L vs lowest fifth <17 micromol/L.
Rath M, Pauling L. Solution to the puzzle of human cardiovascular disease: Its Primary Cause is Ascorbate defiency, leading to the
deposition of lipoprotein(a) and fibrinogen / fibrin in the vascular wall. Journal of Orthomolecular Medicine 1991, 6: 125-34.
Fletcher AT, et al. Antioxidant vitamins and mortality in older persons: findings from the nutrition add-on study to the Medical
Research Council Trial of Assessment and Management of Older People in the Community. Am J Clin Nutr 2003 Nov78(5):999-1010.

39. HEAL: Vitamin C
• Vitamin C and flu: 45 grams intravenously cured flu in 3 days in 114 of 130 patients.
• Vitamin C and polio. 60 patients, large IV doses every 2-4 hours. All patients cleared
after 72 hours. 3 patients relapsed, were given 1-2 g every 8-12 hours. After 2 days,
all better.
• Repeated. 5 patients, 10 grams every 3 hours “effective in treating polio.”
• AIDS. Case study T-helper cell count of 5 (low). Given 2 months to live. 60g IV +
200g/day orally. After 3 months, T-helper cell count >500. Still alive 18 years later.
• Inactivates AIDS virus, with none of the side effects of AZT. IV doses. Doubling life
expectancy.
• Klenner FR. The treatment of poliomyelitis and other virus diseases with vitamin C. Vitamin C and polio. South Med Surg. 1949
Jul;111(7):209-14.
• Greer E. Vitamin C in acute poliomyelitis. Med Times 1955 Nov;83(11):1160-1.
• Harakeh S, Jariwalla RJ. NF-kappa B-independent suppression of HIV expression by ascorbic acid. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses.
1997 Feb 10;13(3):235-9.

40. HEAL: Vitamin D
• Dosage
• Pricing
• IOM bones: [600IU; 20ng/mL: s/b 2,000IU, >35)
• Rickets: disease claim!
• Health claim: calcium absorption, osteoporosis.
• Increases bone mineral density, decreases fractures.
• Association: cognitive, diabetes, cardio, asthma, cancer, immune, energy.
• Lengthens telomeres
• D3 v D2 controversy

41. KILL: Fairy dusting

42. HEAL: Multivitamins
• Infamous antioxidant study: “Non-compliance” better than Rx
• Jan 2015: 9,000 adults older than 40. 3+ years “significantly reduced incidence of
death by various forms of cardiovascular disease.”

43. HEAL: New York’s botanicals
• Ginkgo
• Ginseng
• Valerian
• Garlic
• St. John’s wort
• Echinacea
• Saw palmetto

44. HEAL: Cannabis (booth #713, H104)
• CBD inhibits lung cancer1
• CBD treating or preventing diabetes2
• CBD treating rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Crohn’s disease 2
• CBD for seizures 3
• 1. Ramer R, et al. Cannabidiol inhibits lung cancer cell invasion and metastasis via intercellular adhesion molecule-1. FASEB J.
2012 Apr;26(4):1535-48.
• 2. http://www.google.com/patents/US8071641
• 3. http://onlineathens.com/local-news/2015-03-02/new-georgia-medical-marijuana-bill-senate-weaker-house-form

45. HEAL: PQQ
• Pyrroloquinoline quinone, 20mg/day
• Mitochondrial biogenesis – one of the very few compounds
• Nerve growth factor – neurons that transmit signals in brain. 40x growth.
• Regrows brain cell highways
• STUDY: 12 weeks 20mg + 300mg coQ10 in 45-65 years old. Improved word recall.1
• STUDY: 8 weeks 20mg with sleep disorder/fatigue. Decreased anxiety, depression,
anger, fatigue, confusion. Lower cortisol levels.2
• 1. Nakano M, et al. Effect of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) on mental status of middle-aged and elderly persons. FOOD style
2009;21(13):50-3.
• 2. Nakano M, et al. Effects of oral supplementation with pyrroloquinoline quinone on stress, fatigue, and sleep. Functional Foods
in Health and Disease 2012;2:307-24.

46. HEAL: Coenzyme Q10
• Mitochnodria
• When taken 1-2 days after heart attack, survival rates +10%.
–Reduced arrhythmia, angina, subsequent heart attacks and death.
• Ubiquinone vs. ubiquinol
– ubiquinol an electron donor, so superior antioxidant within cells
– ubiquinol more expensive

47. KILL: Cola drinks
Cola-type beverages contain caramel color. The manufacturer of caramel
colors III and IV produces 4-MEI.
Prop 65, the threshold for a warning label is 29 micrograms/day.
Consumer Reports 3 micrograms/day, based on a 2-year study showing
every dosage level tested on rodents caused cancer.
Coke, Diet Coke, Coze Zero 3.6 – 4.3 mcg range
Dr. Pepper Snapple 10 mcg/serving
Pepsi and Diet Pepsi have 24-31 mcg/serving.
Pepsi in NY state had been 174-195 in early 2013 testing
32-160 in December 2013 testing.
Pepsi in CA 24-43 mcg/serving range.
Malta Goya has more than 300 mcg/serving.

49. KILL: Corn
• .

50. KILL: Corn > High Fructose Corn Syrup
• Poster child of poor-quality, nutrient-poor, disease-creating industrial food-like
substances.
• HFCS and cane sugar are not biochemically identical or processed the same way by
the body.
• Spikes insulin when it goes straight into the bloodstream, then goes to the liver which
triggers production of triglycerides and cholesterol.
• Common cause of leaky gut syndrome.

51. KILL: Corn > Neonics
• Neonicotinoids, a pesticide introduced 20 years ago. Now used on 90% of the US-grown
corn crop.
• Synthetic form of nicotine that attacks nervous systems of insects.
• Used in smaller doses than previous generation of pesticide. Cheaper, too. Farmers buy
treated seeds, don’t spray it.
• 30 percent of US soy has neinicotinoids.
• European Union banned neinicotinoids in 2013.
• EPA will be reviewing them until 2019.
• Managed honeybees pollinate billions of dollars worth of US crops – onions, almonds,
oranges, avocados.

52. KILL: Sugar
• In moderation, sugar is necessary for survival.
• Consuming too much added sugar can lead to type II diabetes and
hypertension.
• Mayo Clinic says 6 to 9 grams of added sugar a day.
• 12-ounce soda can set you back about 40 grams of sugar.
• 1980, War on Fat = More Sugar
• 80% of packaged foods contain extra sugar: HFCS
• Type III diabetes

53. HEAL: Caffeine
• 3-5 cups/day
• Total mortality 1-2 cups/day. 1 million participants. 1
• Cardiovascular disease 3-5 cups/day. 1.3 million. 2
• Hypertension NO! 200-300mg > 8.1/5.7 3 hours, but 2 weeks nothing. 3
• Diabetes -12% every 2 cups/day decaf, -14% regular. 4
• Cognitive: Trend in Alzheimer’s, dementia, moreso in women, more with tea. 5
• 1. Je Y, Giovannucci E. Coffee consumption and total mortality: a meta-analysis of twenty prospective cohort studies. Br J Nutr
2014 Apr 14;111(7):1162-73.
• 2. Ding M, et al. Long-term coffee consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and a dose-response
meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Circulation 2014 Feb 11;129(6):643-59.
• 3. Mesas AE, et al. The effect of coffee on blood pressure and cardiovascular disease in hypertensive individuals: a systematic
review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 2011 Oct;94(4):1113-26.
• 4. Jiang X, et al. Coffee and caffeine intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Eur J
Nutr 2014 Feb;53(1):25-38.
• 5. Arab L, et al. Epidemiologic evidence of a relationship between tea, coffee, or caffeine consumption and cognitive decline. Adv
Nutr 2013 Jan 1;4(1):115-22.

54. KILL: Caffeine
• 1/16 teaspoon dose. > = 2 deaths. Jan 22 2015 Congressional letter to FDA.

55. HEAL: Omega-3 DHA/EPA
• blood stickiness
• better flow
• less chance of sudden death heart attacks

56. HEAL: Curcumin (Booth #887, #310)
• Rheumatoid arthritis: 500mg 2x/day BCM-95
• Osteoarthritis: Pain & joint swelling; 500mg 2x/day BCM-95
• Depression: Drug/herb combo best.
• Alzheimer’s: 4g/day BCM-95 6 months. “Ability of curcumin to disaggregate amyloid
beta deposits in the brain, releasing the amyloid beta for circulation and disposal.”
• Diabetes: Reverse it, more potent than Metformin; activates AMPK 400x better,
improves insulin sensitivity, lowers blood-sugar levels.5 Prevents: 16% v 0% 9 months.
• 1. Chandran B, Goel A. A randomized, pilot study to asssess the efficacy and safety of curcumin in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis.
Phytother Res 2012 Nov;26(11):1719-25.
• 2. Kizhakedath R, et al. Clinical evaluation fo a herbal product (Rhulief) in the management of knee osteoarthritis. Abstract 316. Osteoarthritis
Cartilage 2011;19(S1):S145-S146.
• 3. Sanmukhani J, et al. Efficacy and safety of curcumin in major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. Phytother Res 2013;28(4):579-
84.
• 4. Baum L, et al. Six-month randomized, placeob-controlled, double-blind pilot clinical trial of cucumin in patients with Alzheimer’s Disease. J Clin
Psychopharmacol 2008 Feb;28(1):110-3.
• 5. Kim T, et al. Curcumin activates AMPK and suppresses gluconeogenic gene expression in hepatoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2009
Oct 16;388(2):377-82.
• 6. Chuengsamarn S, et al. Curcumin extract for prevention of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2012 Nov;25(11):2121-7.

57. HEAL: Wellmune yeast beta-glucan
• Reduced duration of cold/flu symptoms 1
–18% reduction: 241 v 198 days (n=98), 90 days; both had 12 episodes
• Reduced “down time” from colds, fever 2
–No missed work or school vs. 1.38 days placebo; no fever vs. 3.5 episodes placebo
• Regulatory approval the world over
• 1. Influence of yeast-derived 1,3/1,6 glucopolysaccharide on circulating cytokines and chemokines with respect to upper
respiratory tract infections. Nutrition 28:665-9.
• 2. Randomzed phase II clinical trials of Wellmune for immune support during cold and flu season. Journal of Applied Research
2009;9:20-42.

58. HEAL: Estro-G-100, from Helios (Booth #492)
• Blend of 3 botanicals, 514mg/serving
• 2 human clinicals, 1 more in process
• Symptoms: Hot flashes, night sweats, sleeplessness, vaginal dryness, joint discomfort,
mood swings, nervousness, fatigue

59. HEAL: KSM-66 ashwaghanda (Booth #550)
• In Google offices, looking for Zico; NutriGold; New Chapter (#1448)
• 300mg dose
• STUDY: Lifespan extension 20% in worms 1
• STUDY: Anxiety,insomnia, stress and resistance toward stress (cortisol) 2
• STUDY: Cardiorespiratory endurance in national field hockey team. VO2Max up. 3
• STUDIES: Male testosterone > muscle, sperm health
• STUDY: Female libido & “vitality”
• 1. Kumar R, et al. Withania somnifera root extract extends lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans. Annals of Neurosciences 2013
Jan;20(1):13-6.
• 2. Chandrasekhar K, et al. A prospective, randomzed double-blind, placebo-controlled study of safety and efficacy of a high-
concentration full-spectrum extract of Ashwagandha root in reducing stress and anxiety in adults. Indian Journal of Psychological
Medicine 2012 Jul-Sep;34(3):255-62.
• 3. Efficacy and safety of a full spectrum root extract of ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) in improving cardiorespiratory
endurance in healthy athletic adults. Phytotherapy ResearchSubmitted.

62. Todd Runestad
trunestad@newhope.com
@ToddRunestad
www.newhope360.com