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Test Preparation Material for English Section
2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. READING COMPREHENSION …………………………. 01
2. TENSES & THEIR KINDS ……………………………… 16
3. GRAMMAR RULES ……………………………………... 22
4. ERROR ANALYSIS ……………………………………… 32
5. PREPOSITIONS ……………………………………….. 47
6. WORD-FORMATION! PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES …….. 63
7. VOCABULARY SYNONYMS ……………………….. 71
8. VOCABULARY ANTONYMS ………………………. 95
9. ANALOGIES …………………………………………. 110
10.PASSAGES & ESSAYS FOR SUPPLEMENTARY READINGS.. 131
11. PRACTICE TEST ………………………………………. 149

3
READING COMPREHENSION 1
Read this passage carefully, and then answer the questions which follow:
World leaders from 152 countries have confirmed that they will be attending the United
Nations General Assembly Millennium Summit, which promises to be a traffic and
logistical nightmare for New York city’s Police Department.
The spokesperson for the summit, Ms Therese Gastaut told reporters while the list of
participants could change between now and next Wednesday, “the summit will indeed
be the largest – ever gathering of world leaders. “The UN has received over 2,500
requests from journalists seeking accreditation to the summit, “and requests are still
coming in,“ Ms Gastaut said.
The New York city’s mayor said at a press conference on Friday that the cost of summit
in terms of force deployment and security could run into $14 million and would like the
US State Department to pay for it.
The city is gearing up for unprecedented traffic jams as some 175 motorcades make
their way around Kennedy International Airport in Queens and the United Nations
Plaza on the East Side. Several thousand United States secret service agents will be at
hand maintaining security through 36 hotels and countless restaurants in pursuit of
their 245 dignitaries they are to guard from President Clinton to President Fidel Castro
of Cuba.
Ninety-one scheduled public demonstrations are expected to take place around the
United Nations headquarters, which will enhance the security precautions.
The city is already reeling under pressure from crowd at the US open which ends on
September 10.
“Let me thank in advance the good people of New York, our Neighbors in New York, for
their patience,” Louise Frêchette, the deputy secretary general of the United Nations,
said the other day in announcing the details of the three-days summit meeting which
begins on Wednesday. “We know their patience will be tried in the course of the summit
week, but we would like to invite them to be patient and to reassure them that this is
really for a good cause.”
Patience is not virtue that New Yorkers espouse. But when another expected 159 world
leaders and 89 first spouses come to New York driving in motorcade and guarded by
secret service officers the nightmare could get worse.
In order to pacify the New Yorkers, United Nations is undertaking a $ 700,000
advertising campaign, to explain the goals of the Millennium Summit and as to how it
would impact the world community.
“We have always cared, but this is part of the new UN, trying to be more inclusive and
transparent and reaching out to everyone,” said Susan Markham, chief of promotion
and planning for the United Nations’ department of public information. “The public
relations campaign is trying to get across to people the importance of this millennium
meeting so that they won’t feel so bad sitting in traffic jams.”

4
“It will be pretty much a nightmare,” Ms a regular day, let alone when something like
this is happening. Saying, “Sorry you are in traffic jam, doesn’t really help very much.
Hopefully, New Yorkers will realize what is going on at the summit will affect their
lives too.”
READING COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
1. NYPD stands for
A. New York Police Department
B. New York Panel Device
C. New York Party Dance
D. New York Paying Department
2. The UN has received over
A. 2,500 requests from journalists
B. 3,500 requests from journalists
C. 1,500 requests from journalists
D. 7,500 requests from journalists
3. The cost of summit in terms of force deployment and security could run into
A. $ 10 million B. $ 11 million
C. $ 13 million D. $ 14 million
4. Kennedy International Airport is located in
A. Queens B. Eastside
C. Down Town D. China Town
5. Name of the president of Cuba is
A. Fidel Castro B. James Chadwick
C. Victor Hess D. Enrich Fermi
6. How many scheduled public demonstrations are expected to take place around the
United Nations headquarters?
A. 61 B. 191
C. 81 D. 91
7. US open ends on
A. 6TH
September, 2002
B. 7TH
September, 2002
C. 8TH
September, 2002
D. 10TH
September, 2002
8. Name of the deputy secretary general of UN is
A. George Beadle
B. Ms Gastant
C. Susan Markham
D. Louise Frêchette
9. Cost of advertising campaign is
A. $ 70,000
B. $ 60,000
C. $ 700,000
D. $ 600,000

5
10. How many countries are expected to participate in UN General Assembly
Millennium Summit.
A. 158
B. 152
C. 157
D. 153
Abu Dhabi: Saudi Arabia's economic growth will slow down in 1998 because of weak
oil prices after bonding ahead over the previous two years, an official report and
economist said on Saturday.
Gross domestic product (GDP) of the world's oil powerhouse surged by nearly 7.1
percent in 1997 and 8.7 percent in 1996 because of high oil prices and an upturn in the
private sector, the Arab Monetary fund (AMF) said in a quarterly report on Arab
economics and stock markets.
"Saudi GDP is projected to record a real growth of five percent in current prices this
year." the Abu Dhabi-based AMF said inflation is also excepted to remain at below one
percent this year compared with a decline of 0.5 percent in 1997, the report showed.
Riyadh had projected a high level of spending for 1998 based on a boost in crude
production and its predictions the oil market would extend its strong performance of
the previous two years.
But economic analysts doubted the government would now stick to the planned
expenditure as this could sharply widen the budget deficit.
"Oil prices are still more than $ 5 below their 1997 level and more output cuts are on the
cards. "Saudi economist has Abu Huleika said, "Growth will be sharply lower than in
the previous two years but it will remain positive because of an expansion in the non-
oil sector. The rate of growth will depend on how much the government spends.
Saudi Arabia, which controls more than a quarter of the global recoverable crude
resources, projected expenditure at 196 billion Saudi riyals ($ 52.2 billion) this year
and revenue of 178 billion riyals ($ 48.5 billion), assuming oil prices at around $ 16.
But the price of Saudi Arabian curds has remained below $ 14 this year compared with
$ 18.5 and $ 17.5 in 1997 and 1996. The kingdom has also banked on an increase of
760,000 barrels per day (pbd) in its oil production under an OPEC quota agreement.
But it was forced to lower output by more than 300,000 bpd in line with the March
accord between OPEC and independent producers to trim overall output to lift prices.
Oil analysts said Riyadh could make further cuts along with other major producers in
the Gulf if crude prices do not improve through the year . "There is no doubt the Saudi
oil sector will sharply decline this year but this will be offset by growth in other sectors,
mainly the light industries, construction, trade and services," one analyst said.
"Although the oil sector is still playing a key role in the country's income, its
contribution to the GDP has sharply receded... Official figures showed the oil's share to
the GDP was below 35 percent last year."

6
Petrol and diesel have become costlier by eight to nine percent from September 1, 2001
to September 2002 as a result of increase in Petroleum Development Levy (PDL)
followed by surge in dealer’s and distributor’s margins and not because of increase in
International oil prices. Petrol is now priced at Rupees 34.32 per liter as compared to
Rs. 31.64 per liter on September 11, 2001, showing us rise of 8.4 percent. Diesel price is
now tagged at Rs. 19.48 per liter as compared to Rs. 17.77 per liter, up by 9%, while
kerosene oil which was being retailed at Rs. 17.40 per liter is now available at Rs. 18.41
per liter.
Oil prices were hovering between 26 – 27 dollars a barrel a year back as compared to
prevailing prices of 28 – 29 dollars a barrel.
Q. (1). GDP of world's oil powerhouse __________ in 1996 and 1997.
(a) Increased in steps (b) Surged
(c) Decreased (d) None of the above
Q. (2). Saudi GDP is projected to record a growth of __________ % in current prices this
year.
(a) 10% (b) 2%
(c) 5% (d) None of the above
Q. (3). Riyadh projection of high spending for 1998 was based on boost in:
(a) Crude production (b) Increasing demand
(c) Both A & B (d) None of the above
Q. (4). According to the Saudi economists growth will be _______ that the last 2 years:
(a) Higher
(b) Rapid
(c) Lower
(d) None of the above
Q. (5). Saudi Arabia controls more that a ________ of the global recoverable crude
resources:
(a) 1/2
(b) 3/4
(c) 1/1
(d) 1 1/4
Q. (6). Saudi Arabia's projection for expenditure were based on the oil prices around $ _:
(a) 15 (b) 6
(c) 16 (d) 14
Q. (7). The current prices of crudes in Saudi Arabia were around $ _______:
(a) 13 (b) 14
(c) 15 (d) 16
Q. (8). Here (bpd) stands for:
(a) Bands per dozen
(b) Barrels per dozen
(c) Barrels per dock
(d) Barrels per day

7
Q. (9). The sharpe decline in Saudi oil sector will be ______ by _____ in other sectors:
(a) Offset, shrinkage (b) Supported, shrinkage
(c) Offset, growth (d) None of the above
Q. (10). Saudi Arabia's economic growth will _________ in 1998 because of oil prices:
(a) Be rapid (b) Slow down
(c) Not be effected (d) None of the above
A naval commander said 320 missiles were fired at Baghdad and surrounding areas.
US-led forces pounded Iraqi targets with thousands of guided weapons in a pulverizing “Shock
and Awe” blitz designed to force the Iraqi regime to surrender. In a statement the Pentagon
hinted it planned to hurt 15,000 bombs over Iraq on Friday night and Saturday.
“A few minutes ago the air war in Iraq began,” US Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld said as
US bombers rained missiles and bombs on targets in the Iraqi capital, including President
Saddam’s Republican Palace.
“The regime is starting to lose control of their country,” Mr. Rumsfeld claimed, barely 40 hours
after the United States and Britain launched their invasion to unseat Saddam.
The United States was using “striking force to make clear to Iraqis that he and his regime are
finished”, he said.
Huge explosions rocked the ancient city of five million people, sending balls of flames and thick
clouds of smoke into the sky and setting off shock waves that shook walls and windows.
Defiant in the face of the ferocious onslaught, Iraqi Defense Minister Sultan Hashim Ahmed
vowed that no force would break Iraq which came under attack after President Saddam spurned
a US ultimatum to go into exile.
“No force in the world will conquer us because we are defending our country, our principles and
our religion. We are, no doubt, the victors,” Mr. Hashim said, his voice sporadically drowned out
by violent explosions.
The massive blitz followed a ground assault in southern Iraq that saw US and British forces seize
a key port and move to the outskirts of Basra, the biggest city in the south and a key prize.
Other Iraqi cities also came under air attack on Friday night, with US officials warning that
several hundred targets would be hit in the coming hours.
Al Jazeera Television said there was a raid on Mosul, in the north, and there was also anti-
aircraft fire around the key northern oil city of Kirkuk.

8
Until Friday evening there had been only limited raids, mainly aimed at the Iraqi President,
whose compound was the target of the first air strike before dawn on Thursday.
Speculation about hit fate swirled on Friday, with US media suggesting he had been injured.
Nearly 300,000 US and British troops, including 180,000 in Kuwait, have been deployed to fulfil
US President George Bush’s vow to oust Saddam, who has ruled Iraq since 1979.
Q. 1. “Three hundred and twenty missiles are fired at Baghdad and surrounding
areas” The statement given by __________.
A. Donald Rumsfeld B. Colonel Ben Curry
C. US Defence Secretary D. Naval Commander
Q. 2. How many bombs were planned to hurt over Iraq?
A. 1,500 B. 15,000
C. 215,000 D. 115,000
Q. 3. Mr. Rumsfeld claimed barely 40 hours after.
A. They would kill Saddam
B. They would launch missiles over Baghdad.
C. They launched their invasion to unseat Saddam.
D. They would build new buildings in Baghdad.
Q. 4. What were being used by the United States to make clear to Iraqis.
A. Gaseous Bombs B. Missiles
C. Extra Forces D. Striking Forces
Q. 5. Huge explosions rocked the ancient city of ___________.
A. Five Million People.
B. Twenty Five Million People.
C. Thirty Five Million People.
D. Fifteen Million People.
Q. 6. “No forces in the world will conquer us, no doubt, we are victors”, who said that?
A. Saddam Hussain B. Tariq Aziz
C. Sultan Hashim Ahmed D. President Bush
Q. 7. ________ is the biggest city in the south and a key prize.
A. Baghdad B. Mosul
C. Kirkuk D. Basra
Q. 8. The anti aircraft fire around the key northern oil city of __________.

9
A. Basra B. Baghdad
C. Kirkuk D. Mosul
Q. 9. Nearly US and British troops include __________ in Kuwait have been
deployed to out Saddam.
A. 180,000 – 300,000 B. 300,000 – 180,000
C. 300,000 – 130,000 D. 300,000 – 280,000
Q. 10. The President of Iraq, Saddam Hussain has ruled Iraq since ________.
A. 1976 B. 1977
C. 1978 D. 1979
The Enchanted Knife
Andrew Lang
Once upon a time there lived a young man who vowed that he would never marry any girl
who had not royal blood in her veins. One day he plucked up all his courage and went to the
palace to ask the emperor for his daughter. The emperor was not much pleased at the
thought of such a match for his only child, but being very polite, he only said:
'Very well, my son, if you can win the princess you shall have her, and the conditions are
these. In eight days you must manage to tame and bring to me three horses that have never
felt a master. The first is pure white, the second a foxy-red with a black head, the third coal
black with a white head and feet. And besides that, you must also bring as a present to the
empress, my wife, as much gold as the three horses can carry.'
The young man listened in dismay to these words, but with an effort he thanked the
emperor for his kindness and left the palace, wondering how he was to fulfill the task
allotted to him. Luckily for him, the emperor's daughter had overheard everything her father
had said, and peeping through a curtain had seen the youth, and thought him handsomer
than anyone she had ever beheld
So returning hastily to her own room, she wrote him a letter which she gave to a trusty
servant to deliver, begging her wooer to come to her rooms early the next day, and to
undertake nothing without her advice, if he ever wished her to be his wife.
That night, when her father was asleep, she crept softly into his chamber and took out an
enchanted knife from the chest where he kept his treasures, and hid it carefully in a safe
place before she went to bed.
The sun had hardly risen the following morning when the princess's nurse brought the
young man to her apartments. Neither spoke for some minutes, but stood holding each
other's hands for joy, till at last they both cried out that nothing but death should part them.
Then the maiden said:

10
'Take my horse, and ride straight through the wood towards the sunset till you come to a hill
with three peaks. When you get there, turn first to the right and then to the left, and you will
find yourself in a sun meadow, where many horses are feeding. Out of these you must pick
out the three described to you by my father. If they prove shy, and refuse to let you get near
them, draw out your knife, and let the sun shine on it so that the whole meadow is lit up by
its rays, and the horses will then approach you of their own accord, and will let you lead
them away. When you have them safely, look about till you see a cypress tree, whose roots
are of brass, whose boughs are of silver, and whose leaves are of gold. Go to it, and cut away
the roots with your knife, and you will come to countless bags of gold. Load the horses with
all they can carry, and return to my father, and tell him that you have done your task, and can
claim me for your wife.'
The princess had finished all she had to say, and now it depended on the young man to do
his part. He hid the knife in the folds of his girdle, mounted his horse, and rode off in search
of the meadow. This he found without much difficulty, but the horses were all so shy that
they galloped away directly he approached them. Then he drew his knife, and held it up
towards the sun, and directly there shone such a glory that the whole meadow was bathed in
it. From all sides the horses rushed pressing round, and each one that passed him fell on its
knees to do him honor.
But he only chose from them all the three that the emperor had described. These he secured
by a silken rope to his own horse, and then looked about for the cypress tree. It was standing
by itself in one corner, and in a moment he was beside it, tearing away the earth with his
knife. Deeper and deeper he dug, till far down, below the roots of brass, his knife struck
upon the buried treasure, which lay heaped up in bags all around. With a great effort he
lifted them from their hiding place, and laid them one by one on his horses' backs, and when
they could carry no more he led them back to the emperor. And when the emperor saw him,
he wondered, but never guessed how it was the young man had been too clever for him, till
the betrothal ceremony was over. Then he asked his newly made son-in-law what dowry he
would require with his bride. To which the bridegroom made answer, 'Noble emperor! All I
desire is that I may have your daughter for my wife, and enjoy for ever the use of your
enchanted knife.'

11
Imagine How the World Would Change By Knowing What Type of Learner You Are
Catherine Franz President John Kennedy was a reader and writer. President Lyndon
Johnson was a listener. President Johnson didn't do well as he could in the White House
because he thought he had to follow Kennedy’s way of learning and absorb everything
through writing. As well written as those reports were, he couldn't comprehend them as well
as Kennedy. It wasn't until many years after the White House that Johnson learned what
type of learner he was. Now, all we can do is think of the possibilities of how different the
United States would be right now if he learned sooner.
Eisenhower was a reader and writer. During the war, Eisenhower insisted that all questions
be presented in writing prior to each press event. His press events, outstanding and
memorable because of his ability to process in writing, opened his path to Washington. In
Washington, Eisenhower, now required to be a listener and respond on the spot, found it
very difficult to learn and think. This limitation did affect his decision making, thus the
world’s progress, and especially America’s success. His country no longer had the full benefit
of his evolutionary learning – his brilliance.
Our school system teaches by listening and reading and not writing. This is why many
writers’ in high school and college do poorly in lecture-type classes. When required to test
based on lecture they usually receive an inadequate grade for their level. When allowed to
read and submit a report, they flourish. When allowed to process the information in writing
they add to classroom conversations in outstanding ways. Many times moving the
information in evolutionary new ways or depths. Writers need to design their study through
the writing process. Writer’s learn and perform by writing not listening.
What type of learner are you? Your child? Significant other? Customers you attract? How
does this affect how they learn from you, how they process, and how they succeed?
The way they learn affects them in everything they do in their life and yours.
For instance, are you an entrepreneur? Today, it is popular for entrepreneurs to deliver their
information through teleclasses and teleseminars. I know, I'm a certified teleclass leader, and
offer these regularly.
Most individuals who attend these events learn best through listening. The majority of the
attendees are listeners. Does this mean that readers/writers aren't able to learn through this
manner? Not, necessarily. Their success does depend on the leader and the event’s structure.
If you are a reader/writer and you are registering for a teleseminar – 98% listening design –
then you will need pre- session prep notes, a recording of the session, and to set aside
additional time to process the information in writing afterwards in order to maximize your
learning. The leader needs to all writing time, exercises, during the session. The event needs
to provide preparation and follow up materials, such as notes. And encourage continued
processing through writing afterwards. An important skill required for leaders of both
learners is learning the delicate balance between giving space for writing and not letting
listeners fall zone out.

12
Are the type of customers you attract listeners or reader/writers? Because of the law of
attraction, like attracts like, and quantum physics, it is natural for listeners to attract listeners.
And readers/writers attract the same. This does not necessarily mean listener learners can't
attract readers/writers. It does mean that to attract the oppose you will need to learn and
practice the opposite’s way of learning. If you are listener, learn to process through writing.
If you are a writer, learn and practice listening and language skills. An acting class is an
excellent place to start.
Attracting the opposite is a choice. It will require both extended patience and practice. The
payoff can be enormous in making revenue. There isn't a right or wrong in this, just
awareness, observation, and choice. If you are a company that wants to attract the opposite
for a wider set of prospects, hire the right learner, and have the patience to work with them
knowing their benefit for the company.
If someone is standing before you, you can easily tell if they are a listener just by watching
their brain process as you verbalize. If they need to write it down, let them, you also have the
answer on how they learn.
Listeners who want to write something, love to talk their way through what they want to
write first verbally before writing. Or they want someone to listen as they process a spot they
make be stuck on in their writing. Ask them to tape record their part of the conversation.
They will probably not need to hear it again but the safety net will provide calm in their
writing process.
This is why writers prefer to tape record interviews. They aren't natural listeners and need
that additional support to process. After years of conducting interviews, the writer’s listening
skills have increased to higher levels and they rely less on the tape recorder as support.
Knowing your learning style does determine life, career and relationship performance. It can
affect your job evaluations, who you attract in life, success and results. If your boss is a
listener and you a writer, it can be a big difference in how you get along, frequency of pay
increases, and even whether you are let go.
If you have every let someone go, think back to whether they were just a different type of
learner than yourself, and this tried your patience. I know I can find a few when I was an
early employer. I bet you can too.
If you are in a high position, it could affect America or even the world. Who knows,
someone reading this today may be President years from now and a single decision like
going to war may be made outside the scope of their learning style that can cost America
much.
Be brilliant at who you are by knowing how you learn. And then doing it your way!

13
Words of Advice from Bill Gates
Bill Gates
Words of Advice from Bill Gates:
Life is wonderful, but it is also challenging at times. The following advice comes from one of
the most successful businessman in history, Bill Gates. He recently told a group of high
scholars about 11 things they did not learn in school. He talks about how feel-good,
politically correct teachings created a full generation of kids with no concept of reality and
how this concept set them up for failure in the real world. I want all of you to be very
successful, so consider some of his words:
Rule 1: Life is not fair - get used to it.
Rule 2: The world won't care about your self-esteem. The world will expect you to
accomplish something BEFORE you feel good about yourself.
Rule 3: You will NOT make 40 thousand dollars a year right out of high school. You won't
be a vice-president with a car phone, until you earn both.
Rule 4: If you think your teacher is tough, wait till you get a boss. He doesn't have tenure.
Rule 5: Flipping burgers is not beneath your dignity. Your grandparents had a different word
for burger flipping; they called it opportunity.
Rule 6: If you mess up, it's not your parents' fault, so don't whine about your mistakes, learn
from them.
Rule 7: Before you were born, your parents weren't as boring as they are now. They got that
way from paying your bills, cleaning your clothes and listening to you talk about how cool
you are. So before you save the rain forest from the parasites of your parents' generation, try
delousing the closet in your own room.
Rule 8: Your school may have done away with winners and losers but life has not. In some
schools they have abolished failing grades and they'll give you as many times as you want to
get the right answer. This doesn't bear the slightest resemblance to ANYTHING in real life.
Rule 9: Life is not divided into semesters. You don't get summers off and very few
employers are interested in helping you find yourself. Do that on your own time.
Rule 10: Television is NOT real life. In real life people actually have to leave the coffee shop
and go to jobs.
Rule 11: Be nice to nerds. Chances are you'll end up working for one.
--There may be virtual reality, but there is no such thing as virtual happiness--

14
The Stone-Cutter
Andrew Lang
Once upon a time there lived a stone-cutter, who went every day to a great rock in the
side of a big mountain and cut out slabs for gravestones or for houses. He understood
very well the kinds of stones wanted for the different purposes, and as he was a careful
workman he had plenty of customers. For a long time he was quite happy and
contented, and asked for nothing better than what he had.
Now in the mountain dwelt a spirit which now and then appeared to men, and helped
them in many ways to become rich and prosperous. The stone-cutter, however, had
never seen this spirit, and only shook his head, with an unbelieving air, when anyone
spoke of it. But a time was coming when he learned to change his opinion
.
One day the stone-cutter carried a gravestone to the house of a rich man, and saw there
all sorts of beautiful things, of which he had never even dreamed. Suddenly his daily
work seemed to grow harder and heavier, and he said to himself: 'Oh, if only I were a
rich man, and could sleep in a bed with silken curtains and golden tassels, how happy I
should be!
'
And a voice answered him: 'Your wish is heard; a rich man you shall be!
'
At the sound of the voice the stone-cutter looked round, but could see nobody. He
thought it was all his fancy, and picked up his tools and went home, for he did not feel
inclined to do any more work that day. But when he reached the little house where he
lived, he stood still with amazement, for instead of his wooden hut was a stately palace
filled with splendid furniture, and most splendid of all was the bed, in every respect like
the one he had envied. He was nearly beside himself with joy, and in his new life the old
one was soon forgotten
.
It was now the beginning of summer, and each day the sun blazed more fiercely. One
morning the heat was so great that the stone-cutter could scarcely breathe, and he
determined he would stay at home till the evening. He was rather dull, for he had never
learned how to amuse himself, and was peeping through the closed blinds to see what
was going on in the street, when a little carriage passed by, drawn by servants dressed in
blue and silver. In the carriage sat a prince, and over his head a golden umbrella was
held, to protect him from the sun's rays
.
'Oh, if I were only a prince!' said the stone-cutter to himself, as the carriage vanished
round the corner. 'Oh, if I were only a prince, and could go in such a carriage and have a
golden umbrella held over me, how happy I should be!
'
And the voice of the mountain spirit answered: 'Your wish is heard; a prince you shall
be.'

15
And a prince he was. Before his carriage rode one company of men and another behind
it; servants dressed in scarlet and gold bore him along, the coveted umbrella was held
over his head, everything heart could desire was his. But yet it was not enough. He
looked round still for something to wish for, and when he saw that in spite of the water
he poured on his grass the rays of the sun scorched it, and that in spite of the umbrella
held over his head each day his face grew browner and browner, he cried in his anger:
'The sun is mightier than I; oh, if I were only the sun!'
And the mountain spirit answered: 'Your wish is heard; the sun you shall be.'
And the sun he was, and felt himself proud in his power. He shot his beams above and
below, on earth and in heaven; he burnt up the grass in the fields and scorched the faces
of princes as well as of poorer folk. But in a short time he began to grow tired of his
might, for there seemed nothing left for him to do. Discontent once more filled his soul,
and when a cloud covered his face, and hid the earth from him, he cried in his anger:
'Does the cloud hold captive my rays, and is it mightier than I? Oh, that I were a cloud,
and mightier than any!
'
And the mountain spirit answered: 'Your wish is heard; a cloud you shall be!'
And a cloud he was, and lay between the sun and the earth. He caught the sun's beams
and held them, and to his joy the earth grew green again and flowers blossomed. But that
was not enough for him, and for days and weeks he poured forth rain till the rivers
overflowed their banks, and the crops of rice stood in water. Towns and villages were
destroyed by the power of the rain, only the great rock on the mountain side remained
unmoved. The cloud was amazed at the sight, and cried in wonder: 'Is the rock, then,
mightier than I? Oh, if I were only the rock!'
And the mountain spirit answered: 'Your wish is heard; the rock you shall be!
And the rock he was, and gloried in his power. Proudly he stood, and neither the heat of
the sun nor the force of the rain could move him. 'This is better than all!' he said to
himself. But one day he heard a strange noise at his feet, and when he looked down to
see what it could be, he saw a stone-cutter driving tools into his surface. Even while he
looked a trembling feeling ran all through him, and a great block broke off and fell upon
the ground. Then he cried in his wrath: 'Is a mere child of earth mightier than a rock?
Oh, if I were only a man!
'
And the mountain spirit answered: 'Your wish is heard. A man once more you shall be!'
And a man he was, and in the sweat of his brow he toiled again at his trade of stone-
cutting. His bed was hard and his food scanty, but he had learned to be satisfied with it,
and did not long to be something or somebody else. And as he never asked for things he
had not got, or desired to be greater and mightier than other people, he was happy at
last, and heard the voice of the mountain spirit no longer.

16
Iraqi President Saddam Hussain appears to be testing US mettle just as the Clinton
administration comes to a close and America occupies itself with presidential elections.
Recently, Saddam has threatened two US allies, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia and tried to urge other
oil-producing countries not to help the US and Europe with their soaring fuel costs.
Those actions have put US officials in a bind – because they don’t want a military engagement so
late in President Clinton’s term and they don’t want Iraq to play a role in the tight election
between Vice President Al Gore and Texas Gov. George W. Bush.
The sense in Washington That Saddam is up to something has been growing since early August,
when the Iraqi military held exercise to commemorate the 10 year anniversary of its invasion of
Kuwait. Early this week Secretary of Defence William Cohen said US forces are ready to act if
Iraq takes “any kind of aggressive action.”
On Mr. Clinton’s first day in office in 1993, for example, the US bombed Iraq. “He’s trying to
test the US in the last few months of the presidency, says Mr. Clawson an expert on Iraq at
Washington Institute for Near East Policy. “We’re not yet sure what form this will take.”
One possibility is that Saddam is attempting to get the International Community to ease trade
sanctions, analysts say.
Already Iraq has heightened tension in the Gulf region by accusing Kuwait of stealing their oil.
Also, two weeks ago, an Iraqi military plane reportedly violated Saudi Arabia’s air space, in
what some US officials saw as an effort to roil the US during the UN Millennium Summit.
But Iraq probably has the potential to do the most damage to the US through its oil production.
In recent comments printed in the Iraqi state controlled press, Saddam has urged OPEC members
not to kowtow to the US by increasing oil production. He said the US wants “the price of oil to be
suitable for it and not for others.” Even if Iraq alone closed its valves, the oil sensitive US
economy would suffer.
For the past decade, the US has struggled with Saddam and with how best to achieve their stated
goal of removing weapons of mass destruction.
Yet the US is trying to do so with a sanctions and military regimen that was designed for other
means: to force Iraq to withdraw from Kuwait and allow weapons inspection.
“We’re using old tools,” says Jon Alterman of the US Institute of Peace. “Saddam has learned in
the past 10 years how to respond to US policy.”
The US and Britain have been bombing Iraq regularly. The mission has been expensive. It costs
about $2 billion a year and occupies 20,000 solders, 200 aircraft, and 25 ships. Yet it has not
loosened Saddam’s grip on power, and is being questioned by US lawmakers.
“It appears that the current policy is a failure,” said Sen. Strom Thurmond (R) of South Carolina
at a hearing of the Senate Armed Services Committee on Tuesday.
On new measures US officials are trying, in an effort to ratchet up pressure on the Iraqi regime,
is to call for the formation of a war crimes tribunal to try Saddam and his inner circle.
The US has also been giving money – about $8 million – to the Iraqi National Congress, a
political coalition that is trying to topple Saddam.
But beyond Britain, Washington lacks enthusiastic international support in its crusade against
the Iraqi leader. Baghdad claims that the US-led sanctions are leading to mass malnutrition and
unusually high rates of infant mortality.
“Iraq does not even have the means to pose a threat to its neighbors,” says Rania Masri, head of
the Iraq Action Coalition, based in Raleigh, N.C.
Both presidential candidates have talked tough on the subject, but neither has specified how they
would bring about change.

17
Q. 1. Name of the President of Iraq is
A. Rafsanjani B. Khaminai
C. Saddam Hussain D. Gulbadeen – Hikmatar
Q. 2. Saddam has threatened two US allies
A. KSA and Somalia B. KSA and Kuwait
C. KSA and Romania D. Iraq and Syria
Q. 3. Texas is a name of
A. A daughter of Bill Clinton B. A wife of Bill Clinton
C. A province of USA D. A fast food
Q. 4. Iraqi military held exercise to commemorate the
A. 10 year anniversary of its invasion of Kuwait
B. 20 year anniversary of its invasion of Kuwait
C. 30 year anniversary of its invasion of Kuwait
D. 09 year anniversary of its invasion of Kuwait
Q. 5. Secretary of Defence of USA is
A. Will Smith
B. John Jovi
C. William Perry
D. William Cohen
Q. 6. Name of the expert on Iraq is
A. Mr. Clawson B. Mr. Datsun
C. Mr. Clinton D. Mr. Dalton
Q. 7. Institute for Near East policy is located in
A. Iran B. Turkey
C. Iraq D. Washington (USA)
Q. 8. US wants the price of oil to be suitable for it and
A. Wants dialogue between Kuwait and Iraq B. Not for others
C. Wants dialogue between USA and Iraq D. For all
Q. 9. Jon Alterman belongs
A. US Army
B. US Institute of Peace
C. US Institute of War
D. US Institute of democracy
Q. 10. For bombing Iraq, how many air crafts are needed
A. 200 B. 25
C. 20,000 D. 25

18
TENSES AND THEIR KINDS
SUBJECT AND VERB AGREEMENT .
1. The verb must agree in number and person with its real subject.
e.g. Each of my brothers was educated.
Everyone of the students has applied for scholarship.
One of my friend has gone to America.
2. Two or more singular nouns connected by 'and' must be used with a plural
verb.
e.g. Smoking and drinking are injurious to health.
He and I were in Delhi last year.
3. Two or more singular nouns connected by' and' expressing one idea must be
followed by a singular verb.
e.g. Knowledge and wisdom makes a man great.
Slow arid steady wins the race.
4. Two singular nouns connected by ‘and’ which preceded by ‘each’ or ‘every’
must be used with a singular verb.
e.g. Each boy and girl has got admission in to the college.
Every man and woman has to contribute to our society and country.
5. When two singular subjects connected by ‘or’, ‘nor’ differ in person, the verb
should agree in person with the subject nearest to it.
e.g. Neither Hameed not I have visited Taj Mahal.
6. A collective noun must be used with a singular verb when the group is
thought of ass a single unit but when the individuals are considered separately,
it must be used with a plural verb.
e.g. When the ship arrived the port. The crew were welcomed by the Pakistan
Navy.
The ship’s crew has tried to save the passengers from drowning when the
sip was about to sink in water.
7. Nouns which are plural in form but singular in meaning must be used with a
singular verb.
e.g. The news is broadcast on PTV.
The wages of sin is death.
Politics is a social science.
The United Nations is trying for world peace.
Guliver's travels is an interesting book.

19
FUTURE AND CONDITIONAL TENSES .
There are three main kinds of conditional sentences, introduced by unless (If not).
The order of tenses in these sentences is important.
1. If the weather is fine (present), I shall go out (future).
This refers to a future event. If A happens, then B will follow and the contrary is also
true. If A does not happen, then B will not follow.
2. If the weather was fine( Past), I should go out(conditional).
This also refers to a future event. But it is not reversible. in the same way that the first
kind is, because there is usually some further consideration in the speaker's mind. The
condition is perhaps less likely to be fulfilled. It should always be borne in mind that
in this particular type of sentence we are using the past tense to refer to the future.
3. If the weather had been fine (Past Perfect), I should have gone out.
(Conditional Perfect).
This refers to a past event. If A had happened, B would have followed. But A did not
happen, So B did not follow.
Examples:
1. If you finish, you will go to the cinema.
2. If you told me truth, I had helped you.
3. If you had told me truth. I would have helped you.

20
TENSES & THE USE OF TENSES .
TENSE: Tense is a term used in grammar to indicate the time of the action or event.
In any language, tense is divided into three classes namely:
PRESENT TENSE: A verb that refers to the present time is said to be in the
present tense. It has four forms:
Present indefinite tense or simple present tense.
It is used:
(i) To express what is actually taking place at the present movement; as,
e.g. i. She sings a song.
ii. I learn my lesson.
(ii) To express a habit or a custom; as
e.g. We get up early in the morning.
(iii) To describe some act as a Historic Presents;
e.g. Pakistan comes in to existence on the 14th of August 1947.
(iv) To express a universal truth; as,
e.g: God is one. The Sun rises in the East.
(v) To introduce a quotation; as,
e.g: Allah says, “Indeed we have made the Quran easy to understand.”
(vi) To express Scientific statements; as,
e.g: The Earth revolves around the sun.

21
PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE OR PROGRESSIVE .
. TENSE .
It is used to denote action that is going on at the time of speaking; as,
e.g. It is raining. We are watching the movie.
FOR A TEMPORARY ACTION:
I am learning English. They are acting in the film.
FOR A FUTURE PLANNED ACTION:
e.g. 1. We are visiting Karachi this week.
2. Ahmed is getting married this August.
PRESENT PERFECT TENSE.
1. It is used to denote as action that has just been completed; as,
e.g. 1. My brother has just gone out.
2. I have already spent the money on books.
2. To connect a completed event in some or other with the present time; as,
e.g. We 'have lived here ten years.
(It shows that we are still living here.)
3. To express past action whose time is not specific:
e.g. I have never seen her before.
I have always waited for you.
4. For past events whose result is still felt:
e.g. The gardener has watered the plants.
(His clothes are wet now)
We have walked a long distance.
(We are now very tired)

22
COMMON ERRORS IN THE USE OF TENSES .
1. THE USE OF PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE: .
Present Continuous Tense should not be used in place of Present Perfect Continuous Tense.
Examples: .
 I am working in the college for the last five years. (Incorrect)
 I have been working in the college for the last five years. (Correct)
2. THE USE OF PRESENT PERFECT TENSE: .
Present Perfect Tense should not be used to the past actions:
Examples: .
 I have visited London last year. (Incorrect)
 I visited Agra last year. (Correct)
3. THE USE OF SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE: .
Simple Future Tense should not be used in imperative sentences. In such cases only
Simple Present Tense must be used.
Examples: .
 You must see that the amount shall be paid soon. (Incorrect)
 You must see that the amount is paid soon. (Correct)
4. THE USE OF SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE: .
When there is a main clause with a Simple Future Tense, the subordinate clause must be
in the Simple Present Tense only.
Examples: .
 I shall tell you about it, when I will know truth. (Incorrect)
 I shall tell you about it, when I knows truth. (Correct)
5. THE USE PAST PERFECT TENSE: .

23
Past Perfect Tense should not be used for Past Tense.
Examples: .
 I had been going to Canada recently. (Incorrect)
 I went to Canada recently. (Correct)
6. THE USE OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE: .
Simple Past Tense should not be used for Past Perfect Tense or the Past Perfect Continuous
Tense for the Past Continuous Tense.
Examples: .
 Ambreen said that she was working in the hospital for five years. (Incorrect)
 Ambreen said that she had been working in the hospital for five years.
(Correct)
THE USE OF PAST PERFECT TENSE: .
It is used to denote an action completed at some point in the past time; before
another action was begun we use the Past Perfect Tense for the earlier action; and the
Past Indefinite Tense, for the subsequent; one as:
Examples: .
 The train had stopped, when we came out.
 When I went to the airport, the plane had taken off.
THE USE OF PAST PERFECT TENSE: .
It is used to denote an action completed at some point in the past time; before
another action was begun we use the Past Perfect Tense for the earlier action; and the
Past Indefinite Tense, for the subsequent; one as:
Examples: .
 The train had stopped, when we came out.
 When I went to the airport, the plane had taken off.

24
GRAMMAR RULES
RULE 1 .
1. AGREEMENT ----------------- SUBJECT WITH ACCOMPANIMENT
AND VERB.
Remember that there must be agreement of subject and verb. In all
patterns, avoid using a verb that agrees with a phrase of
accompaniment instead of with the subject itself.
Examples:
1. The guest of honour, along with his wife and two sons, were/was seated at the
first table.
2. The ambassador, with his family and staff, invite/invites you to a reception at
the embassy on Tuesday after-noon at five O' clock.
3. Mary, accompanied by her brother on the piano, were/was very well received
at the talent show.
4. The colour of flowers are/is beautiful.
Avoid using a verb that does not agree with the subject.
RULE 2 .

25
Agreement ----------------- an indefinite Subject and Verb.
Remember that the following subjects require a singular verb.
anyone either neither what
anything everyone no one whatever
each everything nothing whoever
The following subjects require either a singular or plural verb depending on a
qualifying phrases or other contest from the sentence.
all
any
some
the rest
Avoid using plural verbs with singular subjects and singular verbs
with plural subjects.
Examples:
1. Everyone who majors in architecture and fine arts study/studies history of
arts 450.
2. Either of these buses go/goes past the university.
3. The first two problems are very difficult, but the rest (of the problems) are
easy.
RULE 3 .
Agreement ----------------- a collective Subject and Verb.

26
Remember that the following collective subjects agree with singular
verbs.
audience faculty police variety
band family public 2,3,4,…… dollars
chorus group series 2,3,4,…… miles
class majority staff
committee orchestra team
Remember that the following subject agree with a plural verb.
PEOPLE
Avoid using plural verb with singular subjects and singular verbs with plural subjects.
NOTE: In certain cases, to express the separate nature of individuals
in a group the writer may use a plural verb with the collective
subjects.
Examples:
1. Twenty dollars are/is the price.
2. Many people is/are coming to the graduation.
3. Audience as usually do/does not applaud in a church.
4. Four miles are/is the distance of the office.
5. The staff are/is meeting in the conference room.
RULE 4 .
Similar Verbs ----------------- Make and Do.

27
Verb word Past Participle Verb word Past Participle
do did done make made made
Remember that to do and to make have similar meanings, but do is
often used before complements that describe work and
chores(routine-tedious task esp: a house hold one ). To make is often
used before complements that are derived from verbs.
Do an Assignment Make an Agreement
the dished
a favour
home work
he laundry
a paper
researcher
work
an announcement (to announce)
an attempt (to attempt)
a decision (to decide)
a discovery (to discover)
an offer (to offer)
a profit (to profit)
a promise (to promise)
Examples:
1. I really do not mind making/doing the home work for the class.
2. Did you do/make a mistake?
3. Please make/do me a favour.
4. Are they doing/making progress on the new roads?
5. Have you done/ made any interesting discoveries while you were doing your
research?
RULE 5 .
Correlative Conjunction ----------------- Inclusive And --------- As Well As

28
Remember that both …………… and …………. as well as are
correlative conjunction. They must be used in sequence to include
two or three parallel structures (nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs).
e.g. He enjoys playing basketball as well as football.
Avoid using as well instead of as well as.
Examples:
1. Both Marry, Ellen and Jean are going on the tour. (Incorrect).
Both Marry and Ellen as well as Jean are going on the tour. (Correct)
2. To reach your goal, you must plan and work as well/ as well as dream.
3. We will keep in touch by both writing and calling as well as visiting each other.
RULE 6 .
Correlative Conjunction ----------------- Inclusive Both --------- And
Remember that both ……………and are correlative conjunctions. They
are used together to include two parallel structures (two nouns,
adjectives, verbs, adverbs).
Avoid using as well as instead of and with both.
Avoid using both and for more than two nouns or adjectives.
Examples:
1. She speaks both English as well as Spanish at home. (Incorrect)
She speaks both English and Spanish at home. (Correct)
2. The weather on Sunday will be both sunny and warmer also. (Incorrect)
The weather on Sunday will be both sunny and warmer. (Correct)
3. The party will celebrate both our finishing the term as well your getting a new
job. (Incorrect)
The party will celebrate both our finishing the term and your getting a new
job. (Correct)
RULE 7 .
PSEUDO COMPARATIVES

29
Remember that although as high as and as soon as appear to be
comparatives, they are adverbial idioms. As high as introduces a
limit of height or cost. It answers: the question, how high or how
much (money)? As soon as introduces a limit of time. It answers the
question, When?
e.g. 1. The prices of hair cut runs as high as fifty dollars.
2. He will go home as soon as he graduates.
Avoid using “to” instead of “as”. Avoid using will and a verb word instead of a
present verb after as soon as.
Examples:
1. I plan to move as soon as I will find another apartment.
2. She will call you back as soon as she will finishes dinner.
3. Your application will be considered as soon as your file will be is complete.
RULE 8 .
NEGATIVE EMPHASIS
Remember that negative includes, phrases like not one, not once, not
unit, never, never again, only, rarely and very seldom. Negative
answer the question, how often? They are used at the begning of a
statement to express emphasis. Auxiliaries must agree with verbs
and subjects.
e.g. Never have I seen so much snow.
-ve a/v S V
Avoid using a subject before the auxiliary in this pattern.
Examples:
1. Never again they will stay in that hotel. (Incorrect)
Never again will they stay in that hotel. (Correct)
2. Only rarely an accident has occurred. (Incorrect)
Only rarely has an accident occurred. (Correct)
RULE 9 .
AFFIRMATIVE AGREEMENT “SO”, “TOO” AND “ALSO”.

30
Remember that so, too, and also have the same meaning, but so is
used before auxiliary verbs, too and also are used after auxiliary
verbs.
Subject model verb verb word and so model have Do/Be S
verb participle “ing”
e.g. My brother will talk to him and so will I.
My brother has talked to him and so did I.
My brother is talking to him and so am I.
Subject model verb verb word and so model have Do/Be S
verb participle “ing”
e.g. My brother will talk to him and I will too.
My brother has talked about it and I have too.
My brother is talking to him and I am too.
Avoid using also instead of so.
Examples:
1. We are going to the concert, and so do they. (Incorrect)
We are going to, he concert, and so are they. (Correct)
or
We are going to concert, and they are too.
or
We are going to concert, and they are also.
2. I am worried about it, also is he. (Incorrect)
I am worried about it, and so is he. (Correct)
or
I am worried about it, and he is too.
or
I am worried about it, and he is also.
EXERCISE
1. Some birds can travel at speeds approaching.
2. Me hundred an hour and a few land animals can so.
RULE 10 .

31
When nouns and pronouns having different persons occur together,
second person should be plural first, then third and last of all first
person.
Examples:
1. I, you and he should do it. (Incorrect)
You, he and I should do it. (Correct)
2. I, you and Majid should work together. (Incorrect)
You, Majid and I should work together. (Correct)
RULE 11 .
“That” and “Those” are used for nouns used before.
Examples:
1. This pen is better than Karim’s. (Incorrect)
This pen is better than that of Karim. (Correct)
2. The students of this school are better than that school. (Incorrect)
The students of this school are better than those of that school. (Correct)
RULE 12 .
The subject of a verb is always in the nominative case.
Examples:
1. Bashir is taller than me. (Incorrect)
Bashir is taller than I. (Correct)
2. Rasheed works harder than him. (Incorrect)
Rasheed works harder than he. (Correct)
RULE 13 .
* Some nouns have the same form in both numbers.

32
deer, sheep, dozen, swine, fathom
* Some nouns are singular in form but plural in use.
crowd, people, cattle, poultry, folk, public, mankind, swine, infantry.
Examples:
1. Mankind is never happy. (Incorrect)
Mankind are never happy. (Correct)
2. The people does not trust this offer. (Incorrect)
The people do not trust this offer. (Correct)
Some nouns are used only as singular.
1. The sceneries of Kashmir are worth seeing. (Incorrect)
The scenery of Kashmir is worth seeing. (Correct)
2. I purchased some furnitures. (Incorrect)
I purchased some furniture. (Correct)
RULE 14 .
Omission of articles before “man”, “Government”, “Company”.
Examples:
1. He should avoid the evil company. (Incorrect)
He should avoid evil company. (Correct)
2. The man is mortal. (Incorrect)
Man is mortal. (Correct)
3. The seat of the Government is in Islamabad. (Incorrect)
The seat of Government is in Islamabad. (Correct)
Omissions of articles before Abstract, Material and proper names.
1. He always speaks the truth. (Incorrect)
He always speaks truth. (Correct)
2. The gold is a precious metal. (Incorrect)
Gold is a precious metal. (Correct)

33
3. The Aslam is an intelligent boy. (Incorrect)
Aslam is an intelligent boy. (Correct)
RULE 15 .
The following words take no continuous form:
intend, feel, like, love, want, desire, forgive, wish, care, hate, like, hear,
smell, realize, understand, mean, own, belong, hope, signify, seem, etc
Examples:
1. I am intending to go abroad. (Incorrect)
I intend to go abroad.. (Correct)
2. I am liking my friend. (Incorrect)
I like my friend. (Correct)
3. I am loving you. (Incorrect)
I love you. (Correct)
* Possessive cases of personal pronouns do not take apostrophe’s.
e.g. Your’s affectionately. (Incorrect)
Yours affectionately. (Correct)
* Apostrophe’s is used with two or more possessive pronouns.
e.g. Have you read Ghalib and Faiz’s poetry?. (Incorrect)
Have you read Ghalib’s and Faiz’s poetry? (Correct)

34
. ERROR ANALYSIS .
Directions: Point out which underlined part of the following sentence is not acceptable in
Standard English.
1. Let me say once and for all that between you and I there can be no further friendship.
A B C D
No error.
E
2. He proved to his own satisfaction that he was as shrewd as, if not shrewder than, she.
A B C D
No error.
E
3. The following description together with the drawing, present a master plan for the
A B C
development of the airport. No error.
D E
4. Each of the nurses were scrupulously careful about personal cleanliness. No error.
A B C D E
5. I enjoy eating in good restaurants and to go to the theater afterwards. No error.
A B C D E
6. She is living in town for only two years, yet she seems to be acquainted with everyone
A B C
who comes into the store. No error.
D E
7. He is the only one of my older relatives who have never criticized my taste in music.
A B C D
No. Error.
E
8. Programs such as Head Start were developed to prepare children from deprived
A B C
situations to enter school without to experience unusual difficulties. No error.
D E
9. Since lighting was probably significant in the formation of life, understanding it
A
.
might help us to understanding life itself. No error.
B C D E

35
10. Starfishes and sea urchins, members of the echinoderms or spiny skinned animals
are particularly interested because of their unusual structures. No error.
A
11. Almost poetry is more enjoyable when it is read aloud. No error.
A B
12. It is essential that cancer is diagnosed and treated as early as possible in order
to assure a successful cure. No error.
D
13. Vasco da Gama, accompanied by a large crew and a fleet of twenty ships were
trying to establish Portuguese domination in Africa and India during the
C
sixteenth century. No error.
14. Gold, Silver and Copper coins are often alloyed with harder metals to make them
hard as enough to withstand wear. No error.
D
15. A vine climbs from one tree to another, continuing to grow and support itself even
when the original supporting tree is not longer alive. No error.
16. After Dr. Werner, Arber discovered restriction enzymes, Dr. Daniel Nathan
Hamilton Smith and him were awarded the Nobel Prize for their research in that
field. No error.
E
17 The first laser is made by an American Scientist called Theodore Maiman working
A B
in California in 1960. No error.

36
18. Every athlete has their own way of preparing to a game. No error.
A B
19. We had swam across the lake before the sun rose. No error.
A B C
20. I know that you will enjoy receiving flowers that smell so sweetly. No error.
A B
21. He is at least ten years older then she is. No error.
A B C D E
22. Reading, writing and revising seem to be the principal activities of the graduate
A B C D
student. No error.
E
23. The color of his eyes are brown. No error.
A B
24. When she graduates college, she will have to decide whether to continue her
A
studies or seek employment. No error.
E
25. I found one of them books that tell you how to build a model airplane. No error.
A B
26. Malaria is cause by a parasite carried by Anopheles mosquito, which in some
A B
regions has appeared in mutant strains, resistant to D.D.T. No error.
C
27. Not wanting them to be unnecessarily distressed, I didn’t tell them about our
A B C
mishap with the car. No error.
D E
28. By the time he reached the cabin, the mercury had dropped and his hands were
A B
nearly froze. No. error.
C D E

37
29. We ought to set our prejudices aside and except each other as equals. No error.
A B C D E
30. Lifeguards have been known to effect rescues even during tumultuous storms.
A B C D
No error.
E
31. The clerk who had fainted told me that he felt alright, so I did not make out an
A B C D
accident report. No error.
E
32 Venomous snakes with modified teeth connected to poison glands in which the venom
A B C
Is secreted and stored.
33. When Columbus seen the New World, he thought that he had reached the East Indies by way
A B C D
of western route.
34. Many birds will, in course of their migrations, flying more than three thousand miles to reach
A B C D
their winter homes.
35. In today’s competitive markets, even small business had better to advertise on TV and radio in
A B C
order to gain share of the market.
D
36. Please don’t parking in those spaces that have signs reserving them for the office staff.
A B C D
37. Many people with spinal cord injuries can, with the help of computer implants, recovering some of
A B C
their mobility.
D
38. Because doctors are treating more people for skin cancer, it is widely believed that changes in
A B C
the protective layers of the earth’s atmosphere must be produce harmful effects now.
D
39. Too much water makes plants turning brown on the edges of their leaves.
A B C D
40. Doctors agree that the fluid around the spinal cord helps the nourish the brain.
A B C D
41. If you don’t register before the last day of regular registration, you paying a late fee.
A B C D
42. If drivers obeyed the speed limit, fewer accidents occur.
A B C D

38
43. A temporary driver’s permit lets the learner drives with another licensed driver in the car.
A B C D
44. Work is often measure in units called foot pounds.
A B C D
45. That is believed that most of the earthquakes in the world occur near the youngest mountain
A B C D
ranges the Himalayas, the Andes and sierra Navadas.
46. The money needed to start and continue operating a business known as capital.
A B C D
47. It is believed that by the year 2000 a space station will been constructed between the earth
A B C D
and the moon.
48. It is essential the practice a foreign language in order to retain a high level of proficiency.
A B C D
49. A space is the last frontier for man to conquer.
A B C D
50. The bodies of cold blooded animals have the same temperature their surroundings, but those
A B C
of warm blooded animals do not.
D
51. Despite its smaller size the Indian ocean is as deep the Atlantic.
A B C D
52. Although business practices have been applied successfully to agriculture, farming is different
A B C D
other industries.
53. Many of the problems associated with aging such as disorientation and irritability may result
A B
from to eat an unbalanced diet.
C D
54. According to many educators television should not become a replacement for good teachers
A B C
and neither are computers.
D
55. It is believed that a people could live on Mars with little life support because the atmosphere is
A B C
similar to that of earth.
D
56. A progress has been made toward finding a cure for AIDS.
A B C D
57. When there is a few money remaining after all expenses have been paid, we say that a small economic
A B C
surplus or profit has been created.
D

39
58. Albert Einstein was such brilliant a scientist that many of his colleagues had to study for several
years in order to form opinion about his theories.
A B C D
59. Mercury is not often visible because it is so near the sun to be seen.
A B C D
60. When two products are basically the same as advertising can influence the public’s choice.
A B C D
61. The first living structure to appear on earth thousands of years ago was alike viruses.
A B C D
62. The function of pain is to warn the individual of danger so he can take action to avoid more serious
damage.
A B C D
63. Although there are exceptions as whole the male of the bird species is more brilliantly coloured.
A B C D
64. Humming birds move their wings so rapid a way that they appear to be hanging in the air.
A B C D
65. Before television became so popular, people used to entertain each other in the evening by playing
games, saying stories and singing songs.
D A B C
66. The neutron bomb provides the capable of a limited nuclear war in which buildings would be
preserved but people would be destroyed.
A B C D
67. Electrical disturbances on Earth are frequently caused with storm on the surface of the sun.
A B C D
68. Many people have stopped to smoke because they are afraid that it may be harmful to their health.
A B C D
69. If a live sponge is broken into pieces would turn into a new sponge like the original one.
A B C D
70. Work is often measure in units called foot pounds.
A B C D
71. If a rash occurs within twenty-four hours after taking a new medication the treatment should be
discontinued
A B C D
72. It was her Elizabeth I, not her father king Henry, who led England into the age of Empire.
A B C D
73. In 1950 it was naively predicted that eight or ten computer would be sufficient to handle all of the
scientific and business needs in the U.S.
A B C D
74. A progress has been made toward finding a cure.
A B C D

40
75. Which tiles on Skylab were the only equipment that failed to perform well in outer space?
A B C D
76. One kind of tool that was popular during the Stone Age was a flake, used for cutting and scraping.
A B C D
77. Although almost all insects have six legs, a immature insect may not have any.
A B C D
78. Labour Day is always celebrated on first day in May.
A B C D
79. It is not surprised that the Arabs, possessed a remarkable gift for astronomy mathematics and
A B
geometry were also skilful mapmakers.
C D
80. Of all the reference materials, the encyclopedia is the one that most people using.
A B C D
81. One can live without water for about ten days because almost 60 percent of their body is water.
A B C D
82. To Producing one ton of coal it may be necessary to strip as much as thirty tons of rock.
A B C D
83. An usual treatment for the anemia is to drink plenty of liquids.
A B C D
84. Some teachers argue that students who used to using a calculator may forget how to do mental
calculation.
A B C D
85. It is most beautiful tree in our garden.
A B C D
86. The ships of our country have entered Indian Ocean.
A B C D
87. Where is the person which you wanted to see?
B C D
88. This problem is too much difficult for me to solve.
A B C D
89. He does not have some devotion to his studies.
A B C D
90. He is the youngest and more intelligent of my three sons.
A B C D
91. The ship was drowned and the sailors were drowned in the sea.
A B C D
92. The sceneries of Kashmir are worth-seeing
A B C D
93. Either the mother or the son are in the house.
A B C D

41
94. Neither Rashid nor his father were present.
A B C D
95. His brother together with his sons have not reached as yet.
A B C D
96. The number of students in this college are not large.
A B C D
97. I have bought ten dozens eggs in two hundred rupees.
A B C D
98. The doctor adviced him to take a dose of medicine every third hour
A B C D
99. We took a sigh of relief in reaching our destination.
A B C D
100. He has a large number of dependents who have no else to support them.
A B C D
101. Islamic law does not discriminate in the rich and the poor.
A B C D
102. The police suspects the male servant of the house responsible with the theft.
A B C D
103. There have been heavy rainfall yesterday.
A B C D
104. Neither the head constable nor other policemen is injured.
A B C D
105. The two first chapters of this book are well written.
A B C D
106. People will blame you with wasting your time.
A B C D
107. I am with the need of a good advice.
A B C D
108. I have no influence with that man.
A B C D
109. No compliant has been lodged on him.
A B C D
110. Being an experience sailor he is quite familiar with the fury of storm.
A B C D
111. He is one of the best students who has won the scholarships.
A B C D
112. The number of students in this college are not large.
A B C D
113. Many a flower are born to blush unseen.
A B C D

42
114. The students of this school are better than those in that school.
A B C D
115. The boy which stands first shall get a prize.
A B C D
116. Rashid is much the wisest student of the two.
A B C D
117. Islamabad is further from Lahore than Jhelum.
A B C D
118. The teacher was very surprised at his conduct.
A B C D
119. Almost each day the news of strikes is seen in the newspaper columns.
A B C D
120. If I had not hold him back he would have beaten you soundly.
A B C D
121. He was overcame with emotions on seeing his son back home after long time.
A B C D
122. He asked his servant what he has done with his watch.
A B C D
123. Every citizen who want to cast his vote should take time to form an opinion
A B C D
124. Despite my effort to fix my thoughts on the problem it wandered.
A B C D
125. He is innocent though a large amount of people consider him guilty.
A B C D
126. Any worker wishing to submit their request should do so today.
A B C D
127. Last year he only has two week vacation but this year he has taken a long leave.
A B C D
128. Don’t you agree that one’s devotion to do his work is worth admiring.
A B C D
129. Despite his age his skill at tennis seems more greatly than what it was.
A B C D
130. The reason of his being such a success is because he never gives up.
A B C D
131. My friend’s presence gave me courage and I spoke from my own thought and not his.
A B C D
132. Ali was noticeably upset by how indignant he responded to his suggestion.
A B C D

43
133. He was suffering from this disease more severe than his brother.
A B C D
134. It was quite clear that the two friends trusted one another.
A B C D
135. I have been trying to make friendship with him.
A B C D
136. After working for some time he lost his heart.
A B C D
137. When he was walking in the street he was arrested.
A B C D
138. Without my information he took away my pen.
A B C D
139. This book looks more good than the other one.
A B C D
140. Whom do you think will be elected?
A B C D
141. He has been trying since two years.
A B C D
142. A female employee bring a suit against the company, charging that she had not been granted
A B C
seniority on the same basis as the company’s male employees.
D
143. By next December, I have been working in the sale department for just over a year.
A B C D
144. The student association would appreciate hearing from anyone which is interested in organizing a theater
club.
A B C D
145. Although they have both done quite a lot of sightseeing, neither Muzammil or Wajid has ever seen the swat
valley.
A B C D
146. In spite of their having been no advance warning, none of them panicked when the earthquake hit.
A B C D
147. He explained in the interview that he had begun studying flute at the age of six and giving his first
concert. A B C
D
148. Anthropologists who have examined the fossils recently unearthed in Burma suggests that they may represent
the common ancestor of apes and monkeys. A B C
D

44
149. Each of the mothers at the audition believed their own child to be the most talented and charming of the
group.
A B C D
150. Regardless of the amount of obstacles to be overcome, the programme will be a success.
A B C D
151. If you stand up in the boat, jumping around and wave your arms, you’re likely to capsize it.
A B C D
152. High blood pressure, as the name implies, is persistent alleviation of blood pressure above normal
levels.
A B C D
153. No one present not even the contestants themselves, were more anxious about the outcome of the
game.
A B C D
154. Many expectant mothers never think about the fact that once they have had the baby then you will
have to take care of it twenty-four hours a day.
A B C D
155. Everyone in the class except my friend and I has already taken the introductory political science
course.
A B C D
156. The “Greenhouse Effect” refers to the raise in average world resulting from increased amounts of
A B C D
carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
157. Turning out in large numbers despite the rain, the people voted heavy in favour of the controversial
A B C D
proposition.
158. Because they had spent too many time considering the new contract the students lost the opportunity to
A B C D
lease the apartment.
159. These televisions are all too expensive for we to buy at this time, but perhaps we will return later.
A B C D
160. After she had bought himself a new automobile, she sold her bicycle.
A B C D
161. George has not completed the assignment yet, and Maria hasn’t neither.
A B C D
162. Rashid decided to buy in the morning a new car, but in the afternoon he changed his mind.
A B C D
163. After Rashid had returned to his house, he was reading a book.
A B C D

45
164. Many theories on conserving the purity of water has been proposed but not one has been as widely accepted
as this one.
A B C D
165. After Haris eaten dinner, he wrote several letters and went to bed.
A B C D
166. Because Rashid and Azeem had done all of the work theirselves, they were unwilling to give the results to
Khalid.
A B C D
167. Despite the time of the year, yesterday’s temperature was enough hot to turn on the air
conditioning.
A B C D
168. The little boy’s mother bought him a five-speeds racing bicycle for his birthday.
A B C D
169. Standing among so many strangers the frightened child began to sob uncontrollable.
A B C D
170. Although the quantity was small, we had supplies enough to finish the experiment.
A B C D
171. The statement will be spoken just one time; therefore you must listen very careful in order to
A B
understand what the speaker has said.
C D
172. Every woman should vote for the candidate of their choice.
A B C D
173. In the relatively short history of industrial developing in the United States, New York City has played a
vital role.
A B C D
174. As the demand increases, manufactures who previously produced only a large, luxury car is compelled
A B
to make a smaller model in order to compete in the market.
C D
175. For the first time in the history of the country, the person which was recommended by the president
to replace a retiring justice in the Supreme Court is a woman. A B
C D
176. The sun rose before I got up
A B C D
177. You lied with me.
A B C D
178. He has gone away in London for two weeks.
A B C D

46
179. It is long since we met last.
A B C D
180. I am waiting for you since morning.
A B C D
181. The teacher called names.
A B C D
182. Sign your name with ink.
A B C D
183. No sooner did he arrive then he cried with pain.
A B C D
184. Two sailors sank to death.
A B C D
185. He is keen to sing in the party.
A B C D
186. I object to you saying that.
A B C D
187. I hope you don’t mind I being here.
A B C D
188. Sher Shah Suri dug wells across India.
A B C D
189. If you will help me, I shall be successful.
A B C D
190. Unless you don’t try hard, you won’t get the job.
A B C D
191. So long as you work hard, you have no problem with your course.
A B C D
192. The princess was very beautiful that the prince loved her at first sight.
A B C D
193. Reshman looks so beautiful as Neelofer.
A B C D
194. She was in a relaxed, confidant mood.
A B C D

47
195. The bride looked too beautiful in her white bridal dress.
A B C D
196. He felt angry about the injustice of the situation.
A B C D
197. The poor child looks more died than alive.
A B C D
198. He worked hard and at last successed in the business.
A B C D
199. She is known by her scholarship.
A B C D
200. We discussed about the matter in detail.
A B C D
201. He writes letters since morning.
A B C D
202. The reason because he failed was his improper strategy.
A B C D
203. The jury give their verdict today.
A B C D
204. The jury is divided in its verdict.
A B C D
205. Many a boy play in the ground.
A B C D
206. A bird sits on a tree.
A B C D
207. No less than fifty enemy soldiers were killed.
A B C D
208. Many a man were drowned in the sea.
A B C D
209. Khan as well as his ten friends are going.
A B C D
210. I had scarcely entered the room than the phone rang.
A B C D
211. He felt angry about the injustice of the situation.
A B C D

48
212. The driver as well as the cleaner were seriously injured.
A B C D
213. I always feeling well and thanking Allah whole-heartedly.
A B C D

49
. PREPOSITION .
Directions: Read the passage and fill in each blank with an appropriate preposition.
(Not all of the prepositions have been deleted.) Some blanks may use more than one
word.
All's Quiet at the Convent
The sound _________ a small plane ________ my head interrupted my thoughts. The plane
was very close to the earth _______ the airstrip _______ the valley. I took my binoculars
________ their case and focused on the plane below. It rolled to a stop _________ one
_______ the buildings ________ the convent. To my surprise a woman got out dressed
______________ a long black dress ______________ a straw hat _______ her head.
She tied the plane down and headed into the convent. I decided to pay a visit __________
the convent.
As I approached the convent, I found a young nun working __________ the garden the
main house. She looked ________ me with suspicion. I greeted her and explained I was a
guest of Mr. Fitch. Her manner changed. and, without speaking. she invited me into the
house.
There was a group __________ nuns sitting around a table waiting ___________ someone
or something. It looked very strange: five nuns sitting __________ a table with nothing
________ it but a record player.
They looked up, and the young nun gestured toward the Fitch home to explain ____ words
where I had come from. The nuns nodded but no one spoke. The young nun took a seat
___________ the table. There was one empty chair, but no one invited me to sit ________
it. I stood in awkward silence and they sat _________ thoughtful calm.
I noticed some records _______ a shelf; all were religious songs; but one had no label. I
picked it up out _________ curiosity. The second I picked it up, every nun lifted her finger
_________ her lips to warn me to be silent. I imitated the gesture and put the record
___________ the table. Now I was really curious to know what the record was.
I wondered if this was a group ___________ nun that never spoke. If that was so, how did
they teach Sonia? How could the mute teach the blind? In the distance a bell began to ring;
all the nuns rose _________ their chairs and left the room and me. No one made a motion
for me to follow them so I stayed __________ the table.
The record player _______ the middle of the table _______ this room with no other
furnishings seemed out _______ place. I picked up the record ________ a label again. I
placed it ________ the machine and started it. I heard the familiar sounds ______ the
Adagio that I had heard in the Fitch home coming from Sonia's record player. Someone else
heard it too, A door quickly opened and a woman walked directly ________ the record
player; she lifted the record from the machine. She turned to me and said. “This is the quiet
hour,” and then left the room. The woman in the black dress with the straw hat had spoken.

50
. PREPOSITIONS PLUS GERUNDS .
Directions: Read each sentence and fill in the blanks with one of the following
prepositions. More than one answer may be corrected.
instead by
without for
besides of
about
2. The police arrested someone ________ breaking into the house.
3. The student became proficient in English ________ speaking everyday.
4. We had a lot of time so we decided to tour the whole United States ______
just going to New York.
5. Our English club has been thinking __________ putting on a play.
6. We were only able to finish the project _________ working night and day.
7. They were excited _______ winning the lottery.
8. You are capable _________ doing your homework yourself.
9. _________ working a forty-hour week, he studies at the university in the
evening too.
10. The team won _________ scoring more points.
11. They went to the movies _________ getting our permission.
12. We get tired ______ hearing the same old jokes.
13. He was rewarded __________ being first in his class.
PRACTICE EXERCISE:
1. The players agreed to abide_________ the referee's decision
(a) with (b) by (c) in (d) into
2. Modern industry abounds____ opportunities for young people with good scientific
qualifications.
(a) in (b) for (c) into (d) with
3. A junior cashier has absconded ten thousand rupees.
(a) in (b) for (c) to (d) with
4. The children were so absorbed_______ their game that they did not notice the passage of
time.
(a) into (b) for (c) in (d) with
5. He was abstained__________ salted food by the doctor.
(a) from (b) for (c) in (d) to
6. The committee regrets that it cannot accede_______ your request for a month's unpaid
leave.
(a) for (b) to (c) in (d) with

51
7. My information does not accord______ the report which has just been presented.
(a) to (b) in (c) with (d) from
8. I have been accused______ many things in my life, but never of cowardice.
(a) for (b) of (c) with (d) in
9. You will soon get accustomed_______ the change of climate.
(a) to (b) for (c) in (d) with
10. The new teacher was very slow to adapt________ the unusual rules of the school.
(a) in (b) for (c) into (d) to
11. He became addicted_______ drugs at quite an early age.
(a) for (b) into (c) to (d) in
12. This point will adhere_______ any surface, whether rough or smooth.
(a) to (b) in (c) with (d) for
13. It is awful to be afflicted_________ a sense of inferiority.
(a) for (b) with (c) in (d) to
14. The debate adjourned_______ the following week.
(a) with (b) for (c) into (d) to
15. This college is affiliated_______ the Punjab university.
(a) to (b) in (c) for (d) with
16. Whether I pay or my wife pays amounts______ the same thing.
(a) to (b) in (c) into (d) for
17. The condemned man appealed_______ the court of mercy.
(a) in (b) into (c) with (d) to
18. Several committee members had not been apprised__________ the contents of the
documents.
(a) with (b) of (c) into (d) for
19. I certainly do not approved______ you riding your motorbike over the speed limit.
(a) in (b) with (c) of (d) for
20. The success of the project can be ascribed__ to the dogged efforts of ordinary members
of the team.
(a) to (b) in (c) for (d) with
21. My father will never assent_____ my spending a holiday abroad before I am16.
(a) for (b) to (c) with (d) in
22. The defence of the oil installation had been assigned_____ my regiment.
(a) to (b) with (c) into (d) in

52
23. In less than sixty years of refugees from India had become fully assimilated______ the
local community.
(a) with (b) into (c) in (d) to
24. His mind is well attuned_______ to mine.
(a) to (b) for (c) into (d) in
25. This record enables me to balance______ the facts of my life and decide what to do with
it.
(a) up (b) in (c) with (d) upto
26. Realizing he could do nothing to save his aircraft, the pilot bailed_______.
(a) out (b) in (c) for (d) with
27. We did not exactly bargain______ him turning up like that, out of the blue.
(a) with (b) for (c) in (d) from
28. They had few essential supplies to begin______, so they had to improvise.
(a) with (b) to (c) in (d) from
29. We are trying to make sure that children who can best benefit______ foster care, do get.
(a) with (b) from (c) by (d) for
30. In their anxiety, prisoners would often blurt______ pieces of vital information.
(a) out (b) in (c) from (d) up
31. She shows the strain of bottled____ emotion.
(a) up (b) in (c) from (d) upto
32. He decided to break_____ from the party and seek re-election as an independent.
(a) with (b) away (c) up (d) in
33. There has been a complete break ____ of law and order.
(a) up (b) off (c) down (d) of
34. The plague broke______ in London that summer and hundred died.
(a) out (b) down (c) up (d) in
35. There has been an exciting new techno-logical break_______.
(a) through (b) down (c) in (d) for
36. Three minutes could bring________ this transformation.
(a) forth (b) about (c) into (d) with
37. I think we are agreed on the main points. Does anyone want to bring______ anything
further.
(a) up (b) around (c) down (d) about
38. South Africa brushed_____ the threat of tougher economic sanctions.
(a) off (b) of (c) down (d) about

53
39. Jamil, who has been nervous and jumpy lately, suddenly burst_____ tears.
(a) in (b) into (c) on (d) with
40. The eagle swooped and carried________ a sleeping lizard.
(a) up (b) down (c) off (d) in
41. When one is adolescent one often gets caught up_____ one's thoughts and dreams.
(a) into (b) on (c) in (d) around
42. When Britain adopted the decimal system for its money, it changed_________ relatively
smoothly.
(a) over (b) for (c) to (d) in
43. A young officer was charged_______ the task 200 prisoners to the rear.
(a) for (b) by (c) in (d) with
44. When the man saw the police car, he cleared______ as fast as his legs could carry him.
(a) away (b) of (c) off (d) to
45. I am not saying I am useless, but machinery and modern techniques have come_______
to make me the odd man out.
(a) about (b) around (c) in (d) round
46. I came_______ an old friend in liberty market this morning.
(a) around (b) round (c) across (d) with
47. When he finally came round_______ writing the letter, he found h is feelings were easier
to express than he had expected.
(a) to (b) in (c) against (d) with
48. The modern child finds it difficult to conceive_______ a time when there was not radio
or TV.
(a) for (b) of (c) in (d) up
49. The two were found guilty of robbery, and condemned______ four years imprisonment.
(a) with (b) for (c) to (d) into
50. When everyone has been conferred______ perhaps I can give you an answer.
(a) with (b) to (c) for (d) up
51. The policemen's story conflicts_________ that of the accused.
(a) from (b) to (c) with (d) in
52. Confronted______ the evidence of half a dozen witnesses, the accused broke down and
confessed.
(a) to (b) with (c) in (d) of
53. If you want to converse_______ Japanese people, why don't you start learning Japanese?
(a) in (b) to (c) with (d) into

54
54. In this engine the rotary section corresponds_______ the cylinders of conventional
model.
(a) to (b) with (c) in (d) on
55. You can always count __________ Zaheer for help when you are in difficulties
(a) in (b) into (c) to (d) on
56. Why are so many of us credited_______ so little intelligence and self-determination?
(a) with (b) upon (c) for (d) in
57. The truth about the human condition dawns_____ those who have the humility to
recognize their unimportance
(a) upon (b)_ in (c) with (d) into
58. They are bad people to deal__________, always late in delivery dates.
(a) in (b) with (c) into (d) upon
59. You will notice water rising in the tube; now that do you deduce_________ that?
(a) from (b) in (c) with (d) for
60. I felt I must defer________ my host's judgment.
(a) in (b) for (c) to (d) from
61. He was momentarily deflected_________ this train of thought by a knock on the door.
(a) with (b) in (c) into (d) from
62. The rules were rigid in principle, sometimes departed________ in practice.
(a) upon (b) on (c) from (d) of
63. But the splendid occasion reminded him bitterly of the opportunities he had himself
been deprived______.
(a) of (b) from (c) with (d) out
64. After being cut off from the main party for two weeks they began to despair ______
rejoining their companions.
(a) from (b) in (c) of (d) on
65. They could not be deviated______ what they believed to be their duty.
(a) for (b) with (c) from (d) to
66. As boys, we had various ways of making the history professor distress________ the
subject of the lesson.
(a) in (b) on (c) with (d) from
67. You may dislike having to depend upon him, but it will be sometime before you can
dispense______ his help altogether.
(a) with (b) in (c) to (d) from

55
68. The upper classes may be dispossessed______ their special powers and privileges by a
slow process of evolution.
(a) from (b) of (c) with (d) in
69. The main cylinder will have to be drained_______ before I can change the fittings.
(a) from (b) with (c) off (d) in
70. He looked causally to left and right and, when the flow of traffic had eased___, crossed
the road.
(a) off (b) from (c) of (d) in
71. The strength of the European community emanates _________ the prosperous
economies of relatively few member states.
(a) with (b) from (c) around (d) to
72. I apologize for encroaching________ your valuable time, but I should appreciate your
advice in an important matter.
(a) Upon (b) in (c) from (d) on
73. The estate was so encumbered_______ debts that it was not worth buying.
(a) with (b) in (c) from (d) into
74. That a man should become so engrossed______ a pursuit that he risks his life on a
mountain needs explanation.
(a) with (b) for (c) into (d) in
75. He had become a sort of sub-editor, entrusted_______ hiring other members of staff.
(a) in (b) for (c) with (d) to
76. The young women were escorted_______ the court by their solicitor.
(a) from (b) with (c) up (d) off
77. After a lengthy inquiry, the management was exonerated______ any responsibility for
the fire that destroyed the factory.
(a) in (b) from (c) for (d) to
78. Time has expunged__________ his memory all recollections of these terrible events.
(a) from (b) with (c) in (d) out
79. Naeem neatly fended_________ a thrust at his chest.
(a) in (b) off (c) of (d) from
80. No, he cannot go, I have not finished________ him yet!
(a) with (b) in (c) from (d) to
81. Do not flinch___________ the facts!
(a) with (b) in (c) from (d) off

56
82. Do not rest on your success follow_________ your success and start looking for new
markets.
(a) up (b) in (c) to (d) with
83. Bandits raided the Habib Bank in Lahore this morning and got away______ over 10
million rupees.
(a) from (b) with (c) to (d) for
84. If it is very urgent, I may be able to got hold_________ the doctor for your during the
lunch hour.
(a) of (b) in (c) off (d) from
85. It was amazing that preparations for the landing were not got wind_______ by the
enemy.
(a) in (b) from (c) of (d) into
86. Raza has to get off________ people because he cannot get on with them.
(a) from (b) among (c) to (d) with
87. If the fire-station had been got on____________ at once, the hotel might have been
saved.
(a) to (b) into (c) with (d) from
88. He insisted that she remained in house, and got on___________ her book.
(a) to (b) with (c) from (d) in
89. I wish I could get out___________ going to the party this evening; I don't feel like
standing around making polite conversation for three hours.
(a) of (b) from (c) with (d) on
90. There were a number of linguistic problems to be got_________ in preparing the text of
the treaty.
(a) with (b) off (c) from (d) over
91. Ammunition could not be got through________ the garrison, and they were forced to
surrender.
(a) in (b) to (c) over (d) with
92. General Zia was a much more able president then he is given credit_______.
(a) in (b) for (c) to (d) with
93. All papers must be given______ before 12:30 p.m. candidates failing to observe this rule
may be disqualified.
(a) in (b) on (c) to (d) with
94. Give______ shoving! You will have me off this chair in a minute=.
(a) to (b) upon (c) on (d) out
95. The general was content to give_________ a few miles of desert and retreat to a
stronger, fortified line.

57
(a) up (b) in (c) on (d) out.
96. The public were warned not to grapple______ the fugitive, as he was armed and
dangerous.
(a) with (b) in (c) on (d) to
97. When Farooq was offered a trip to Hong Kong by his employers he grasped______ it
with both hands.
(a) over (b) on (c) at (d) in
98. Don’t let go, hang__________ tight.
(a) on (b) in (c) over (d) at
99. His temperament does not harmonize__________ a slow, even pace of life.
(a) with (b) in (c) to (d) into
100. Starting a new business is hedged________ with financial and staffing problems.
(a) in (b) about (c) out (d) over
101. Their life was hedged_____ with petty restrictions.
(a) around (b) about (c) round (d) at
102. What the best one could hope_____ was to attract no attention either way.
(a) for (b) with (c) in (d) to
103. The streets were littered with stones and bottles hurled_______ the policemen.
(a) on (b) at (c) upon (d) to
104. When a body is immersed_________ a fluid it apparently loses weight.
(a) with (b) to (c) on (d) in
105. The cabinet was impelled________ extreme measures.
(a) to (b) on (c) with (d) in
106. The revolutionary leaders implanted_______ the peasants the determination to take
and own the land on which they worked.
(a) on (b) down (c) in (d) at
107. As there was no train until the late evening he had to imposed himself_________ his
hosts for longer than he had intended.
(a) on (b) in (c) with (d) from
108. All the swimmers have improved________ their previous best performance.
(a) from (b) on (c) in (d) to
109. The Government has incorporated______ the bill many suggestions put forward by the
opposition.
(a) into (b) in (c) from (d) to
110. Raza would indulge _________ a short sleep in his arm chair.

58
(a) in (b) on (c) upon (d) to
111. He was profoundly and physically infatuated________ her.
(a) to (b) with (c) from (d) after
112. The whole class was infected______ the teacher's enthusiasm fro the subject.
(a) with (b) to (c) from (d) in
113. It is reassuring to have friends enquire_____ you when you are ill.
(a) from (b) in (c) for (d) after
114. An attractive feature of the course was the way the practical work had been
integrated________ the theoretical aspects.
(a) with (b) in (c) into (d) to
115. Nothing must be allowed to interface________ our search for the truth.
(a) with (b) into (c) from (d) upon.
116. My lord, it is obvious that the witness is being intimidated______ remaining silent.
(a) upon (b) into (c) for (d) in
117. The director was aware that he was being intrigued______, but he had no means of
finding out how and by whom.
(a) against (b) upon (c) with (d) into
118. Recent events were jumbled______- in her mind with scenes recalled from early
childhood.
(a) with (b) up (c) over (d) around
119. Is this the way to Lahore? 'Yes just keep________ till you reach Ravi Bridge; then you
will see the signs of Lahore.
(a) on (b) up (c) onto (d) about
120. The woman threw her coat on a chair kicked________ her shoes.
(a) on (b) of (c) off (d) in
121. Our elder son has been knocking________ the Europe for several months. We don't
know exactly where he is or what he is doing.
(a) about (b) round (c) into (d) through
122. The driver was knocked_______ at the moment of impact, and could remember
nothing of how the accident happened.
(a) out (b) in (c) about (d) off
123. The editor laboured_________ the manuscript till early morning.
(a) in (b) over (c) into (d) upon
124. It seemed that he was going to lash out______________ her but he controlled himself.
(a) at (b) in (c) on (d) to

59
125. If he offered me a small part in his production, I'd leap_______ the chance.
(a) at (b) on (c) onto (d) over
126. The decorations can be left____ for another day.
(a) up (b) over (c) on (d) into
127. I'll be lenient this time, but you won't be left_____ again.
(a) off (b) in (c) from (d) with
128. Who let_______ the details of the reshuffle in the department?
(a) to (b) out (c) over (d) with
129. If you won't level________ me we are not going to get anywhere.
(a) with (b) in (c) from (d) for
130. He always limbered_____ before his afternoon match.
(a) on (b) in (c) from (d) for
131. Today these practices are no more, but their memories linger__________.
(a) off (b) in (c) on (d) upon.
132. I wish you'd stop listening________ to my private conversations.
(a) in (b) on (c) upon (d) over
133. You have lost all your money; now you must learn to live______ the situation.
(a) into (b) in (c) for (d) with
134. We can not live_________ our moral pretension.
(a) upto (b) into (c) upon (d) onto
135. A formal complaint is being lodged__________ the police inspector.
(a) to (b) with (c) on (d) upon
136. It is a bleak look_________ for anyone hoping for quick profit.
(a) on (b) in (c) out (d) into
137. Her letters betray of desperate desire not to lose touch_______ her beloved.
(a) in (b) from (c) to (d) with
138. I have heard many stories of bright young research workers being lured_______ only to
find their position change for the work.
(a) out (b) from (c) away (d) around
139. She was marked________ by a fiery temper and a strain of intolerance.
(a) of (b) off (c) in (d) into
140. He was keen enough, but he simply did not match________ the demands of the job.
(a) into (b) upto (c) from (d) for

60
141. Some body has been meddling________ the photographs I laid down so carefully.
(a) from (b) up (c) to (d) upto
142. It would take someone with the wisdom of Solomon to mediate_______ these two
both are so uttering convinced they are in the right.
(a) between (b) in (c) among (d) from
143. As a bright young recruit, he was moved______ from our department to author to gain
experience.
(a) round (b) around (c) away (d) in
144. We are moving_______ to new examination system.
(a) in (b) with (c) over (d) from.
145. The region is noted_______ its cattle.
(a) for (b) in (c) with (d) on
146. He is totally opposed_______ any change in the existing law.
(a) in (b) from (c) to (d) for
147. Javed was ousted________ his post as a result of maneuverings by departmental rivals.
(a) upon (b) off (c) into (d) from
148. He is not easily parted __________ his money.
(a) from (b) with (c) to (d) up
149. There high standards of craftsmanship have been passed______ ever four generations.
(a) on (b) down (c) in (d) to
150. All this anger that's pent_______ inside him has to break out from time to time.
(a) in (b) on (c) with (d) up.
151. He was very worried, so I suggested he could use some of the money, she parked_____
at that.
(a) up (b) on (c) upon (d) in
152. The line of action, if persisted_______, could lead to disaster.
(a) into (b) from (c) in (d) on
153. She is not very quick at picking______ the language.
(a) with (b) on (c) up (d) in
154. After a day out in the field, they pitched_____ the food with a rare appetite.
(a) onto (b) into (c) upon (d) over
155. Local businessmen pitched______ an offer of Rs.1,00,000 to cover advertising cost.
(a) in on (b) into (c) in with (d) in for
156. They are planning_______ a three-fold increase in student number.
(a) for (b) into (c) to (d) out

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