The document discusses Tim O'Brien and his short stories about the Vietnam War such as "The Things They Carried" and "How to Tell a True War Story." It notes that O'Brien based the characters in his stories on real soldiers he encountered during the war. The document also provides brief summaries and praise of O'Brien's works from other publications and critics, asserting that O'Brien captures the truths of war through his storytelling.
An analysis of the narrative structure of The Things They Carried
NOTE: Lecture notes are in the notes section of each slide as well citation of articles used.
Ernest Hemingway was an American novelist and short story writer known for his terse and understated prose style. He commanded loyalty from readers as he was always a young writer focused on themes like panic that resonated with younger generations. His novel The Sun Also Rises established him in his mid-twenties. Hemingway is important because he confronted existential anxieties and insisted through his stories that moments of truth come to all people. His novel For Whom the Bell Tolls explored these existential themes through a protagonist grappling with political ideology and individual experience during the Spanish Civil War.
Tom Junod is an American journalist who has won two National Magazine Awards. This document discusses two of Junod's notable articles. The first is a 2012 Esquire article where he writes a letter to President Obama in the second person discussing Obama's use of drone strikes. The second article is a 1995 GQ article where Junod explores the complex issues surrounding an individual, Mitch Gaff, who raped two sisters in 1984. The document analyzes Junod's style of writing which includes repetition, reframing issues from different perspectives, and raising philosophical questions about human nature.
This document analyzes the concept of silence in J.M. Coetzee's novel "Waiting for the Barbarians". It discusses how the novel uses silence to represent colonialism and explores questions around who the real barbarians are. Binary oppositions between civilized and uncivilized, colonizer and colonized help create and maintain silence in the colonized societies depicted in the book. Theories of Orientalism and concepts like "helpless, voiceless, hopeless" provide lenses for understanding the silence imposed on native populations under colonial rule.
The play Journey's End takes place over four days in a dugout on the Western Front during World War I. The confined setting creates a sense of claustrophobia and doom. While the play does not follow a traditional narrative structure, Sherriff uses complications and shifts in mood from calm to tension to take the audience on an emotional journey. Each character plays a role in this, from the light relief of Mason to the friendliness of Osborne. Though criticized for its lack of structure, Sherriff's realistic portrayal of war through the characters' varying speech and emotional responses allowed the audience to draw their own conclusions about the human experience of war.
Paper 13 Presentation Themes of The sense of an en endingdharma gohel
The document summarizes themes from the novel "The Sense of an Ending" by Julian Barnes. It discusses themes of weakness of memory and aging, memory versus history, eros and thanatos, existentialism, death, and class conflict. It provides analysis of how these themes are portrayed through characters like Tony Webster and Adrian and events in the novel.
The document discusses Tim O'Brien and his short stories about the Vietnam War such as "The Things They Carried" and "How to Tell a True War Story." It notes that O'Brien based the characters in his stories on real soldiers he encountered during the war. The document also provides brief summaries and praise of O'Brien's works from other publications and critics, asserting that O'Brien captures the truths of war through his storytelling.
An analysis of the narrative structure of The Things They Carried
NOTE: Lecture notes are in the notes section of each slide as well citation of articles used.
Ernest Hemingway was an American novelist and short story writer known for his terse and understated prose style. He commanded loyalty from readers as he was always a young writer focused on themes like panic that resonated with younger generations. His novel The Sun Also Rises established him in his mid-twenties. Hemingway is important because he confronted existential anxieties and insisted through his stories that moments of truth come to all people. His novel For Whom the Bell Tolls explored these existential themes through a protagonist grappling with political ideology and individual experience during the Spanish Civil War.
Tom Junod is an American journalist who has won two National Magazine Awards. This document discusses two of Junod's notable articles. The first is a 2012 Esquire article where he writes a letter to President Obama in the second person discussing Obama's use of drone strikes. The second article is a 1995 GQ article where Junod explores the complex issues surrounding an individual, Mitch Gaff, who raped two sisters in 1984. The document analyzes Junod's style of writing which includes repetition, reframing issues from different perspectives, and raising philosophical questions about human nature.
This document analyzes the concept of silence in J.M. Coetzee's novel "Waiting for the Barbarians". It discusses how the novel uses silence to represent colonialism and explores questions around who the real barbarians are. Binary oppositions between civilized and uncivilized, colonizer and colonized help create and maintain silence in the colonized societies depicted in the book. Theories of Orientalism and concepts like "helpless, voiceless, hopeless" provide lenses for understanding the silence imposed on native populations under colonial rule.
The play Journey's End takes place over four days in a dugout on the Western Front during World War I. The confined setting creates a sense of claustrophobia and doom. While the play does not follow a traditional narrative structure, Sherriff uses complications and shifts in mood from calm to tension to take the audience on an emotional journey. Each character plays a role in this, from the light relief of Mason to the friendliness of Osborne. Though criticized for its lack of structure, Sherriff's realistic portrayal of war through the characters' varying speech and emotional responses allowed the audience to draw their own conclusions about the human experience of war.
Paper 13 Presentation Themes of The sense of an en endingdharma gohel
The document summarizes themes from the novel "The Sense of an Ending" by Julian Barnes. It discusses themes of weakness of memory and aging, memory versus history, eros and thanatos, existentialism, death, and class conflict. It provides analysis of how these themes are portrayed through characters like Tony Webster and Adrian and events in the novel.
The document provides biographical and literary details about acclaimed British author Julian Barnes. It discusses his education background, career as a journalist before becoming a novelist, notable works including Metroland, Flaubert's Parrot, and The Sense of an Ending which won the Man Booker Prize. It also mentions some of Barnes' views on fiction and writing as revealed in interviews. The document serves as an introduction to Barnes' life and body of work across different genres of novels, short stories, and essays over his literary career.
Frederic Henry in A farewell to Arms. His traits as a Hemingway HeroMuhammad Ayaz Lali
The document summarizes Frederic Henry's character in Ernest Hemingway's novel A Farewell to Arms. It describes Henry as casual and superficial in his attitude towards war, finding pleasure in drinking and visiting brothels while serving. Though initially a physical lover, his relationship with Catherine Barkly becomes deeply spiritual. However, Henry feels empty and unsatisfied at times. He sees love as a "biological trap" and is not ready to become a father when Catherine dies during childbirth. The document analyzes Henry's character in war and as a lover over the course of the novel.
Moments of Memoir: Writing the Stories of Life by Dr. Lisa Van Zwoll, Florida...Lisa Van Zwoll
What is a memoir, and what makes a memoir different from an autobiography and a personal essay? How to get started on your own memoir. Reality TV, Lifetime movies and Instagram as Memoir 2.0. The intriguing six-word memoir, and how to write your own.
Paper no 13 The new literature Topic : Use menippean satire in one night at ...Amit Makvana
in this presentation i put some points like what is menippean satire and how that menippean satire use in one night at the call center by chetan bhagat .
The document provides an overview of literary theory, specifically archetypal literary theory. It defines key terms like archetype and explains how archetypes are recurring patterns found across different cultures' mythology and stories. The document then gives examples of common character archetypes and has students brainstorm examples from different works. It also includes background on Carl Jung who first applied the concept of archetypes to literature.
Imre Kertesz was a Hungarian author who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2002. The document summarizes an interview with Kertesz where he discusses how his experiences during World War II and living under communist rule in Hungary influenced his writing. Kertesz spent over a decade writing his first novel "Fatelessness" due to the oppressive censorship of the communist regime. In his writing, Kertesz sought to portray the individual experience against the brutality of history, drawing from his own deportation to Auschwitz as a teenager. He viewed writing as a means of survival and way to examine how different people coped with radical changes brought by regimes like the Nazis and communists.
Mansi Parmar analyzes heroism in Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o's novel "A Grain of Wheat". The novel explores Kenya's struggle for independence from British rule. Three main characters exhibit heroism: Kihika, who fights and dies for the independence movement; Gikonyo, who is imprisoned and tortured for his involvement; and Mugo, who leads a hunger strike in prison. While each character sacrifices in their own way, Kihika is seen as the archetypal hero who devoted his life to speaking and fighting for Kenya's freedom. The novel provides insights into the African understanding of heroism and the human experience during times of oppression and rebellion.
The document is a student's analysis of the poem "A Soldier's Life" which describes a soldier's courage and willingness to sacrifice for their country. The student relates to the character of the soldier and plans to join the military after college. They discuss how the poem creates emotion around a soldier's difficult experiences and compares the soldier's culture of courage, honor and commitment to their own values.
The document provides 4 sample questions about pre-1914 war poetry. The questions ask the reader to compare two poems from the selection based on their content, language use, and perspective on war. Specifically, the questions focus on poems that depict horrifying wartime experiences, the effect of war on those left at home, interesting language use, and different aspects of war such as after-effects.
This document summarizes a class discussion on Willa Cather's novel My Ántonia. It provides context on the time period and immigrant experience in America. It discusses the style of realism used in the novel and Cather's use of imagery and symbols. The class then analyzes the novel through the lenses of various modernist manifestos, including those by Mina Loy, Langston Hughes, and Willa Cather herself. Students are assigned homework to read more of the novel and respond to a prompt analyzing what they've read.
John Dryden was considered the father of criticism and the first to attempt extended descriptive criticism in English. Descriptive criticism analyzes a work, traces its influences, and discusses it critically item by item. In his critical prefaces and works like An Essay of Dramatic Poesy, Dryden pioneered historical, comparative, and descriptive criticism in English through dialogues representing different literary ages. He respected ancient principles but gave independent views, defending his own works from attackers and achieving a balance where he excelled where poets failed.
William Sydney Porter, better known by his pen name O. Henry, was an American short story writer known for his surprise endings. The story "The Last Leaf" is set in Greenwich Village during a pneumonia epidemic. It centers on artists Sue and Johnsy who share a studio. Johnsy becomes ill with pneumonia and believes she will die once the last leaf falls from a vine outside her window. Their elderly neighbor Mr. Behrman also falls ill. He creates a masterpiece painting for Johnsy before ultimately passing away, with the last leaf still on the vine, allowing Johnsy to recover.
This document discusses Aphra Behn, a 17th century English playwright and novelist. It summarizes her work The Rover, noting the struggles of women in 17th century society depicted in the story. It then compares this to ongoing struggles for women's status and discusses how Behn and Thomas Hardy both shaped love stories in their works with characters desiring love amid class conflicts or societal pressures of the time.
John Dryden was an influential English poet and critic in the late 17th century. He considered the primary function of poetry to be providing delight to readers, with instruction as a secondary purpose. Dryden believed tragedies should inspire emotions like pity and fear in audiences. He argued the strict rules of unity of time and place constrained playwrights creatively and did not allow plots to fully develop. Dryden is regarded as the father of English literary criticism due to the wide scope of his criticism and for establishing principles to evaluate creative works.
Alterity and Tragic Sensation : Macbeth to The Great GatsbyLatta Baraiya
This document provides information about two works - William Shakespeare's Macbeth and F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby. It discusses how both works deal with themes of alterity and tragic sensation. Macbeth struggles with his imagined future and manipulating time, while Gatsby is preoccupied with his lost past. Both works immortalize their tragic anti-heroes, Macbeth and Gatsby, as they struggle with how others impact their goals and desires. The works similarly give these characters life through their exploration of alterity and tragic endings.
This document provides an agenda and background information for an ELIT 48C class. The agenda includes a discussion of various modernist manifestos and their defining texts. It also introduces the students to author Susan Glaspell and provides a brief biography of her life and work. The biography notes that Glaspell was a pioneering female author who often featured strong female protagonists and focused on women's experiences. Students are assigned to read and discuss her play Trifles and identify any important symbols used to convey deeper meaning.
Concept of plot and plot of Tom Jones- R S CraneTEMINA CYRIAC
This document discusses R.S. Crane's 1952 essay "The Concept of Plot and Plot of 'Tom Jones'", in which he analyzes the plot of Henry Fielding's novel Tom Jones. Crane argues that traditional conceptions of plot are too limited, and that plot is better understood as the organic synthesis of a work's actions, characters, and themes. He analyzes the plot of Tom Jones in detail and identifies its unifying ideas, concluding that its distinctive comic form stems from the virtuous protagonist overcoming a series of misfortunes through probable connections of events. Crane's analysis seeks to establish plot as a fundamental principle of artistic construction.
This document is Assia Chelaghma's extended essay submitted to the International School of Stavanger in Norway in partial fulfillment of the IB diploma. The 3990 word essay investigates how the volume of water inside a Badgir (wind tower) affects temperature reduction due to evaporative cooling. Through a controlled experiment using a model Badgir, Assia tests her hypothesis that increasing the amount of water-soaked cloths inside the model would increase the cooling effect. The results supported the hypothesis, showing greater temperature decreases with more cloths. Optimizing water availability and surface area for evaporation maximizes the cooling potential of Badgirs.
A study from 1989 found no significant difference in effectiveness between cognitive therapy, antidepressant drugs, and placebo for treating major depression. Group therapy for depression often involves couples therapy, as depression is linked to marital problems, with therapies focusing on improving communication and problem-solving. Studies are still needed to directly compare the effectiveness of individual and group therapy for patients with similar characteristics. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for PTSD encourages patients to talk about their trauma in a safe environment to cope with it, with the goals of showing the trauma cannot hurt them again and that anxiety decreases over time.
1) The treatment of psychological disorders is linked to their proposed etiology or cause. Biopsychological treatments that incorporate drug therapy, individual therapy, or group therapy are often the most effective when biological factors are involved.
2) Individual therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) specifically aim to change negative or distorted thoughts and behaviors. CBT typically involves 12-20 weekly sessions to help patients identify and correct faulty thinking patterns.
3) Cultural considerations and social contexts must be taken into account in therapy. Religion, community, and family are particularly important influences to incorporate in some cultures and regions like Malaysia.
The document provides biographical and literary details about acclaimed British author Julian Barnes. It discusses his education background, career as a journalist before becoming a novelist, notable works including Metroland, Flaubert's Parrot, and The Sense of an Ending which won the Man Booker Prize. It also mentions some of Barnes' views on fiction and writing as revealed in interviews. The document serves as an introduction to Barnes' life and body of work across different genres of novels, short stories, and essays over his literary career.
Frederic Henry in A farewell to Arms. His traits as a Hemingway HeroMuhammad Ayaz Lali
The document summarizes Frederic Henry's character in Ernest Hemingway's novel A Farewell to Arms. It describes Henry as casual and superficial in his attitude towards war, finding pleasure in drinking and visiting brothels while serving. Though initially a physical lover, his relationship with Catherine Barkly becomes deeply spiritual. However, Henry feels empty and unsatisfied at times. He sees love as a "biological trap" and is not ready to become a father when Catherine dies during childbirth. The document analyzes Henry's character in war and as a lover over the course of the novel.
Moments of Memoir: Writing the Stories of Life by Dr. Lisa Van Zwoll, Florida...Lisa Van Zwoll
What is a memoir, and what makes a memoir different from an autobiography and a personal essay? How to get started on your own memoir. Reality TV, Lifetime movies and Instagram as Memoir 2.0. The intriguing six-word memoir, and how to write your own.
Paper no 13 The new literature Topic : Use menippean satire in one night at ...Amit Makvana
in this presentation i put some points like what is menippean satire and how that menippean satire use in one night at the call center by chetan bhagat .
The document provides an overview of literary theory, specifically archetypal literary theory. It defines key terms like archetype and explains how archetypes are recurring patterns found across different cultures' mythology and stories. The document then gives examples of common character archetypes and has students brainstorm examples from different works. It also includes background on Carl Jung who first applied the concept of archetypes to literature.
Imre Kertesz was a Hungarian author who won the Nobel Prize in Literature in 2002. The document summarizes an interview with Kertesz where he discusses how his experiences during World War II and living under communist rule in Hungary influenced his writing. Kertesz spent over a decade writing his first novel "Fatelessness" due to the oppressive censorship of the communist regime. In his writing, Kertesz sought to portray the individual experience against the brutality of history, drawing from his own deportation to Auschwitz as a teenager. He viewed writing as a means of survival and way to examine how different people coped with radical changes brought by regimes like the Nazis and communists.
Mansi Parmar analyzes heroism in Ngũgĩ wa Thiong'o's novel "A Grain of Wheat". The novel explores Kenya's struggle for independence from British rule. Three main characters exhibit heroism: Kihika, who fights and dies for the independence movement; Gikonyo, who is imprisoned and tortured for his involvement; and Mugo, who leads a hunger strike in prison. While each character sacrifices in their own way, Kihika is seen as the archetypal hero who devoted his life to speaking and fighting for Kenya's freedom. The novel provides insights into the African understanding of heroism and the human experience during times of oppression and rebellion.
The document is a student's analysis of the poem "A Soldier's Life" which describes a soldier's courage and willingness to sacrifice for their country. The student relates to the character of the soldier and plans to join the military after college. They discuss how the poem creates emotion around a soldier's difficult experiences and compares the soldier's culture of courage, honor and commitment to their own values.
The document provides 4 sample questions about pre-1914 war poetry. The questions ask the reader to compare two poems from the selection based on their content, language use, and perspective on war. Specifically, the questions focus on poems that depict horrifying wartime experiences, the effect of war on those left at home, interesting language use, and different aspects of war such as after-effects.
This document summarizes a class discussion on Willa Cather's novel My Ántonia. It provides context on the time period and immigrant experience in America. It discusses the style of realism used in the novel and Cather's use of imagery and symbols. The class then analyzes the novel through the lenses of various modernist manifestos, including those by Mina Loy, Langston Hughes, and Willa Cather herself. Students are assigned homework to read more of the novel and respond to a prompt analyzing what they've read.
John Dryden was considered the father of criticism and the first to attempt extended descriptive criticism in English. Descriptive criticism analyzes a work, traces its influences, and discusses it critically item by item. In his critical prefaces and works like An Essay of Dramatic Poesy, Dryden pioneered historical, comparative, and descriptive criticism in English through dialogues representing different literary ages. He respected ancient principles but gave independent views, defending his own works from attackers and achieving a balance where he excelled where poets failed.
William Sydney Porter, better known by his pen name O. Henry, was an American short story writer known for his surprise endings. The story "The Last Leaf" is set in Greenwich Village during a pneumonia epidemic. It centers on artists Sue and Johnsy who share a studio. Johnsy becomes ill with pneumonia and believes she will die once the last leaf falls from a vine outside her window. Their elderly neighbor Mr. Behrman also falls ill. He creates a masterpiece painting for Johnsy before ultimately passing away, with the last leaf still on the vine, allowing Johnsy to recover.
This document discusses Aphra Behn, a 17th century English playwright and novelist. It summarizes her work The Rover, noting the struggles of women in 17th century society depicted in the story. It then compares this to ongoing struggles for women's status and discusses how Behn and Thomas Hardy both shaped love stories in their works with characters desiring love amid class conflicts or societal pressures of the time.
John Dryden was an influential English poet and critic in the late 17th century. He considered the primary function of poetry to be providing delight to readers, with instruction as a secondary purpose. Dryden believed tragedies should inspire emotions like pity and fear in audiences. He argued the strict rules of unity of time and place constrained playwrights creatively and did not allow plots to fully develop. Dryden is regarded as the father of English literary criticism due to the wide scope of his criticism and for establishing principles to evaluate creative works.
Alterity and Tragic Sensation : Macbeth to The Great GatsbyLatta Baraiya
This document provides information about two works - William Shakespeare's Macbeth and F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby. It discusses how both works deal with themes of alterity and tragic sensation. Macbeth struggles with his imagined future and manipulating time, while Gatsby is preoccupied with his lost past. Both works immortalize their tragic anti-heroes, Macbeth and Gatsby, as they struggle with how others impact their goals and desires. The works similarly give these characters life through their exploration of alterity and tragic endings.
This document provides an agenda and background information for an ELIT 48C class. The agenda includes a discussion of various modernist manifestos and their defining texts. It also introduces the students to author Susan Glaspell and provides a brief biography of her life and work. The biography notes that Glaspell was a pioneering female author who often featured strong female protagonists and focused on women's experiences. Students are assigned to read and discuss her play Trifles and identify any important symbols used to convey deeper meaning.
Concept of plot and plot of Tom Jones- R S CraneTEMINA CYRIAC
This document discusses R.S. Crane's 1952 essay "The Concept of Plot and Plot of 'Tom Jones'", in which he analyzes the plot of Henry Fielding's novel Tom Jones. Crane argues that traditional conceptions of plot are too limited, and that plot is better understood as the organic synthesis of a work's actions, characters, and themes. He analyzes the plot of Tom Jones in detail and identifies its unifying ideas, concluding that its distinctive comic form stems from the virtuous protagonist overcoming a series of misfortunes through probable connections of events. Crane's analysis seeks to establish plot as a fundamental principle of artistic construction.
This document is Assia Chelaghma's extended essay submitted to the International School of Stavanger in Norway in partial fulfillment of the IB diploma. The 3990 word essay investigates how the volume of water inside a Badgir (wind tower) affects temperature reduction due to evaporative cooling. Through a controlled experiment using a model Badgir, Assia tests her hypothesis that increasing the amount of water-soaked cloths inside the model would increase the cooling effect. The results supported the hypothesis, showing greater temperature decreases with more cloths. Optimizing water availability and surface area for evaporation maximizes the cooling potential of Badgirs.
A study from 1989 found no significant difference in effectiveness between cognitive therapy, antidepressant drugs, and placebo for treating major depression. Group therapy for depression often involves couples therapy, as depression is linked to marital problems, with therapies focusing on improving communication and problem-solving. Studies are still needed to directly compare the effectiveness of individual and group therapy for patients with similar characteristics. Cognitive-behavioral therapy for PTSD encourages patients to talk about their trauma in a safe environment to cope with it, with the goals of showing the trauma cannot hurt them again and that anxiety decreases over time.
1) The treatment of psychological disorders is linked to their proposed etiology or cause. Biopsychological treatments that incorporate drug therapy, individual therapy, or group therapy are often the most effective when biological factors are involved.
2) Individual therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) specifically aim to change negative or distorted thoughts and behaviors. CBT typically involves 12-20 weekly sessions to help patients identify and correct faulty thinking patterns.
3) Cultural considerations and social contexts must be taken into account in therapy. Religion, community, and family are particularly important influences to incorporate in some cultures and regions like Malaysia.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is an anxiety disorder that can develop after exposure to a traumatic or stressful event, and lasts for more than 30 days. PTSD affects 15-24% of people exposed to traumatic events and is associated with depression, substance abuse, physical and mental health problems. Symptoms include intrusive memories, hypervigilance, nightmares, and inability to concentrate. Twin studies show a possible genetic predisposition for PTSD. Women have a higher risk than men of developing PTSD after a traumatic event. A study in post-genocidal Rwanda found that 95% of children witnessed violence, 80% suffered the death of a close relative, and 62% were threatened with death, with
Cognitive theories suggest that depressed individuals experience cognitive distortions and irrational beliefs that contribute to their mood disturbances. Beck's depression theory proposes that depressed people tend to develop negative cognitive schemas, such as overgeneralization from negative events, illogical thoughts about themselves, and dichotomous thinking. A perspective study found a possible link between certain cognitive styles and the later development of depression.
Additionally, social and cultural factors can influence depression risk. Research by Brown and Harris determined that lack of social support, unemployment, several young children, loss of a parent early in life, and a history of abuse increased vulnerability to depression. Collectivist cultures tend to have lower depression rates than individualist cultures. Women are also more likely to experience clinical
Major depressive disorder is a common psychological disorder characterized by a depressed mood lasting more than two weeks along with symptoms like loss of interest, sleep, and pleasure. It can be caused by genetic, biological, cognitive, social, and environmental factors. Treatment approaches include biomedical treatments using antidepressant drugs, individual cognitive therapies to change negative thoughts, and group therapies where people with similar issues provide support. The effectiveness of different treatment approaches is evaluated based on how long symptoms are relieved and whether observable behavior changes.
The document discusses the cooling effect of Badgirs, traditional Iranian wind towers. It presents an equation relating the cooling effect to factors like the volume of water and width of the tower. The investigation found a limited relationship due to testing constraints but suggests further research could explore this using greater water volumes and different temperatures. In conclusion, Badgirs provide advantages like cooling buildings, conserving food and saving energy while future work could optimize their structure and address limiting factors like wind temperature and water availability.
Water in a container has initial entropy. When evaporation takes place, the fastest moving water molecules leave the surface, decreasing the average kinetic energy and increasing order of the remaining water molecules. This decreases the entropy of the water. A Badgir works efficiently by allowing vapor steam formed inside to exit, removing energy and entropy from the system.
The document describes different types of badgirs, traditional wind towers used in Persian architecture for natural cooling and ventilation. It identifies five common styles of badgirs that vary based on the number and placement of vents, including unidirectional, two-directional, four-directional, and octagonal styles. It also explains two main functioning systems of badgirs - cooling by evaporation which is used in dry hot regions, and cooling by ventilation which occurs in humid warm areas and relies on rising hot air exiting through vents.
This document summarizes research investigating how the volume of water inside a Badgir (wind tower) affects temperature reduction through evaporative cooling. The researcher constructed a model Badgir out of wood and adobe. They found that increasing the volume of water available inside the model, by adding more wet cloths, increased the cooling effect. During the experiment, warm air was blown into the model tower, causing evaporation of the water in the cloths and a decrease in temperature. The results supported the hypothesis that a greater volume of water provides more molecules to absorb heat from the air through evaporation, thus producing a larger cooling effect.
1) The document describes an experiment to investigate the percentage of potential energy loss with each bounce of a rubber ball dropped from various heights.
2) The independent variable is the maximum height reached by the ball on each bounce, and the dependent variable is the percentage of potential energy lost during each bounce.
3) The ball will be dropped from an initial height of 1.5m, and the heights and potential energies of each subsequent bounce will be measured and used to calculate the percentage of potential energy lost. The experiment will be repeated 5 times to collect sufficient data.
IB Chemistry HL IA Rate of reaction, Chemistry labAssia Chelaghma
The document describes an experiment to determine how different concentrations of hydrochloric acid affect the rate of reaction with copper (II) powder. A colorimeter will be used to measure the absorbance of light by solutions containing copper (II) and hydrochloric acid over three minutes. Five concentrations of hydrochloric acid will react with 20g of copper (II) powder in separate trials. Variables like temperature, volume, and light intensity will be controlled. Absorbance readings will be taken and used to calculate the order of reaction and compare how concentration impacts the rate. The experiment will be repeated three times for each concentration to collect sufficient data.
1. The document describes an experiment to determine the equilibrium constant Kc for the esterification reaction of ethanoic acid and ethanol.
2. Initial concentrations of reactants and products were measured and the mixture was allowed to reach equilibrium. Samples were then titrated with sodium hydroxide and the volume added was used to calculate Kc.
3. The experimental value of Kc was found to be 4.80, which has a 20% error from the theoretical value of 4.07 given by the teacher. Sources of error are discussed.
This experiment investigated how the distance between three spaghetti noodles affects the mass needed to break them. Spaghetti noodles were placed at distances of 0cm, 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, and 4cm from each other and masses of 10g were added until the noodles broke. The results showed that as the distance between noodles increased, the mass required to break them decreased, supporting the hypothesis. Plotting the inverse of the mass against distance produced a linear relationship that could be described by an equation. The slope of the line was determined to be 0.09g-1m-1 ± 0.02g-1m-1, indicating that the mass needed to break the noodles decreases linearly as the distance between them
There is no absolute truth about who has rights to the promised land that is universally accepted. Any claims are affected by politics, history, religion, and language. It is impossible to have an absolute, unified view on the issue given the different perspectives and how knowledge is acquired over time through these changing factors. The only path forward is sharing the land and ensuring equal rights and peace.
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
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Article: https://pecb.com/article
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Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
1. Writing rationales:
Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse Five inspired me and forced me to reconsider many of my personal ideas
about war and time.
Billy Pilgrim, the main character of the novel is an indifferent person who doesn’t have a free will.
Billy is always seen by the other soldiers during the war as an idiot. However, Vonnegut shows us
another side of Billy that the others were blinded to see. Billy wanted to change the world, to give
people another way of looking to time and to be able to accept that there is no free will. His thoughts
were expressed through radio programs that he attended and through the letters he was sending to a
newspaper called News Leader.
The book covers the contents of the first and the second letters. I developed this idea and wrote two
extracts from two more letters that I imagined Billy wrote. I expressed my understanding of time and
war through the personality of Billy. My ideas are inspired from Billy’s thoughts.
In the first letter, Billy introduces himself and talks about being unstuck in time. He also talks about
being kidnapped by a flying saucer and taken to a planet called Tralfamadore. He describes the
creatures he met there and talks about their ability to see in four dimensions. Those creatures called
Tralfamadorians. They have interesting things to teach Earthlings especially about time. Billy
promises to tell more about them in his next letters. Billy’s daughter thinks that her father is losing his
mind, while Billy insists on his new perspective of time. He believes in himself no matter what the
others think. The second letter describes the view of time by Tralfamadorians and indicates that the
past, the present and the future are already determined and that there is no free will.
In my written piece I wrote the third and the fourth letter. The tone of my piece is ironic and critical
and sometimes indifferent which is similar to the tone dominant in Slaughterhouse Five. There is no
crisis, no cause and effect. It is just a story that moves from an idea to another. I tried to imitate the
writer and managed to create the same effect on the reader of my essays.
I write about the free will and the determined fate. I use the same descriptions used by the writer, for
instance I describe children who were taken to War as angels. It is the same description given by Billy
to some German children he met. I talk about dogs and farmers who never wanted to fight. Their fate
was to fight and fight until they defeat or they are defeated. They are innocent and obliged to keep on
fighting until the war is gone away. Billy is one of them. I make sure not to mention any cause that
had consequences. All the events happen at different times and they don’t have any relation. There is
no event that causes another one.
To show the ironic tone I focused on the benefits of war and its importance to people. War never had
any benefits but many people think about fighting as a heroic job that creates peace and realises
victory. They think about soldiers as great fighters that deserve respect regardless to their crimes
everywhere. Like Vonnegut, I criticized those people and demonstrated their empty belief that stands
on nothing. Those people need to read such books again and again to see how the war destroys lives
and towns.
While writing, I find some difficulties concerning plotting my work and imitating Vonnegut’s style. It
was a challenge to write a literature piece in which there is no cause and no effect. I think I have done
good job in overcoming the challenge. I am proud of my written piece.