From Ugly Duckling to Superstar: how energy efficiency (almost) got to the to...FTI Consulting FR
Energy efficiency has long been promoted at European level. The European Commission has certainly made great efforts to support it and to ensure that energy savings can contribute to the EU’s energy priorities, namely reduction of carbon emissions, lowering of energy costs and increase of energy independence. The EU has introduced energy efficiency targets, created a regulatory framework to support energy efficiency and the uptake of energy efficient products and provided significant funding. However, so far energy efficiency has not lived up to its expectations, which is disappointing considering the huge amount of resources spent to promote it.
In this Energy Flash we look why the EU’s policies have so far have not had the desired effect, what is being done to change this and which sectors are best placed to benefit from the renewed efforts.
The EU must decide as soon as possible on an energy and climate policy framework for 2030. This is so investors continue to invest, wind energy continues to grow and deliver all its benefits, and the EU can meet its greenhouse gas reduction commitments of 80-95% by 2050 in the most cost-efficient way.
From Ugly Duckling to Superstar: how energy efficiency (almost) got to the to...FTI Consulting FR
Energy efficiency has long been promoted at European level. The European Commission has certainly made great efforts to support it and to ensure that energy savings can contribute to the EU’s energy priorities, namely reduction of carbon emissions, lowering of energy costs and increase of energy independence. The EU has introduced energy efficiency targets, created a regulatory framework to support energy efficiency and the uptake of energy efficient products and provided significant funding. However, so far energy efficiency has not lived up to its expectations, which is disappointing considering the huge amount of resources spent to promote it.
In this Energy Flash we look why the EU’s policies have so far have not had the desired effect, what is being done to change this and which sectors are best placed to benefit from the renewed efforts.
The EU must decide as soon as possible on an energy and climate policy framework for 2030. This is so investors continue to invest, wind energy continues to grow and deliver all its benefits, and the EU can meet its greenhouse gas reduction commitments of 80-95% by 2050 in the most cost-efficient way.
FARCROSS project Innovative solutions for increased regional cross-border coo...Leonardo ENERGY
Webinar recording: https://youtu.be/BvOX5yvCWRk
The webinar will provide insight into the FARCROSS Horizon 2020 EU research project. Driven by recent development in EU internal market for electricity regulation, increased cooperation is key element for improving the interconnectors’ utilization and market harmonization. FARCROSS project looks into these challenges and promotes integrated hardware and software solutions in 5 pilot demonstrators across 8 European countries.
Janez Kopac, Director of the Energy Community SecretariatWEC Italia
Slides presentate in occasione del Seminario "The Energy transition in Europe: different pathways, same destination? organizzato da Edison in collaborazione con WEC Italia il 29 maggio 2013 a Roma - TWITTER #NRGstrategy
Although the European Union had legislated in the area of energy policy for many years, the concept of introducing a mandatory and comprehensive European energy policy was for a long time not approved. With the Treaty of Lisbon this changed. The Treaty includes legal solidarity in matters of energy supply and gives the EU the right to change energy policy within the EU.
Following the adoption of the Kyoto protocol, the EU set out in implementing the greenhouse gas reductions goals. Given the flagship initiative at the time of Europe 2020, the climate and energy package that was proposed in 2007 and adopted in 2009 took the form of the 20 20 20 by 2020 goals. The package is a set of binding legislation to ensure the EU meets its climate and energy targets by the year 2020. It includes three key targets:
* 20% cut in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990 levels)
* 20% of EU energy from renewables
* 20% improvement in energy efficiency
Second Ukrainian NDC to the Paris Agreement: Modelling Approach and ResultsIEA-ETSAP
Second Ukrainian NDC to the Paris Agreement: Modelling Approach and Results
Diachuk O., Poodles R., Chepelev M., Institute for Economics and Forecasting of National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine
The Smart Readiness Indicator: A potential, forward-looking EPC complement?Leonardo ENERGY
In buildings significant untapped cost-effective energy saving potentials remain. Therefore, the building sector is at the heart of many policies and strategies aiming to increase the efficient use of energy, to further promote renewable energy use. A major concern is, that strategies and resulting measures do not yield the expected savings. It is well-known that too often energy efficiency renovations fail to achieve predicted savings in practice and also very low energy buildings seem to be vulnerable to have higher real than calculated consumption. This gap becomes obvious in a world where both asset based (i.e. calculated) energy performance certificates (EPC) and consumption based EPC are allowed.
The major question that we want to address in this discussion paper is, to what extent the just updated energy performance of buildings legislation (EPBD) and specifically the Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI), which is under development, may have on reducing that gap and what secondary benefits this may have. This comes with a closer look at the complementary function the SRI may have in relation to EPC.
Presentation del Clean Energy Package de la Comisión European en el Winter Seminar de Funseam 2016, organizado por Funseam y Gas Natural Fenosa
Paula PinhoHead of Unit – Energy Policy CoordinationEuropean Commission – DG ENERGY
Since 2010, the world has added more solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity than in the previous four decades. New systems were installed in 2013 at a rate of 100 megawatts (MW) of capacity per day. Total global capacity overtook 150 gigawatts (GW) in early 2014. The geographical pattern of deployment is rapidly changing. While a few European countries, led by Germany and Italy, initiated large-scale PV development, PV systems are now expanding in other parts of the world, often under sunnier skies. Since 2013, the People’s Republic of China has led the global PV market, followed by Japan and the United States. PV system prices have been divided by three in six years in most markets, while module prices have been divided by five. The cost of electricity from new built systems varies from USD 90 to USD 300/MWh depending on the solar resource; the type, size and cost of systems; maturity of markets and costs of capital. This roadmap envisions PV’s share of global electricity reaching 16% by 2050, a significant increase from the 11% goal in the 2010 roadmap. PV generation would contribute 17% to all clean electricity, and 20% of all renewable electricity. China is expected to continue leading the global market, accounting for about 37% of global capacity by 2050. Achieving this roadmap’s vision of 4 600 GW of installed PV capacity by 2050 would avoid the emission of up to 4 gigatonnes (Gt) of carbon dioxide (CO2) annually. This roadmap assumes that the costs of electricity from PV in different parts of the world will converge as markets develop, with an average cost reduction of 25% by 2020, 45% by 2030, and 65% by 2050, leading to a range of USD 40 to 160/MWh, assuming a cost of capital of 8%. To achieve the vision in this roadmap, the total PV capacity installed each year needs to rise rapidly, from 36 GW in 2013 to 124 GW per year on average, with a peak of 200 GW per year between 2025 and 2040. Including the cost of repowering – the replacement of older installations – annual investment needs to reach an average of about USD 225 billion, more than twice that of 2013.
FARCROSS project Innovative solutions for increased regional cross-border coo...Leonardo ENERGY
Webinar recording: https://youtu.be/BvOX5yvCWRk
The webinar will provide insight into the FARCROSS Horizon 2020 EU research project. Driven by recent development in EU internal market for electricity regulation, increased cooperation is key element for improving the interconnectors’ utilization and market harmonization. FARCROSS project looks into these challenges and promotes integrated hardware and software solutions in 5 pilot demonstrators across 8 European countries.
Janez Kopac, Director of the Energy Community SecretariatWEC Italia
Slides presentate in occasione del Seminario "The Energy transition in Europe: different pathways, same destination? organizzato da Edison in collaborazione con WEC Italia il 29 maggio 2013 a Roma - TWITTER #NRGstrategy
Although the European Union had legislated in the area of energy policy for many years, the concept of introducing a mandatory and comprehensive European energy policy was for a long time not approved. With the Treaty of Lisbon this changed. The Treaty includes legal solidarity in matters of energy supply and gives the EU the right to change energy policy within the EU.
Following the adoption of the Kyoto protocol, the EU set out in implementing the greenhouse gas reductions goals. Given the flagship initiative at the time of Europe 2020, the climate and energy package that was proposed in 2007 and adopted in 2009 took the form of the 20 20 20 by 2020 goals. The package is a set of binding legislation to ensure the EU meets its climate and energy targets by the year 2020. It includes three key targets:
* 20% cut in greenhouse gas emissions (from 1990 levels)
* 20% of EU energy from renewables
* 20% improvement in energy efficiency
Second Ukrainian NDC to the Paris Agreement: Modelling Approach and ResultsIEA-ETSAP
Second Ukrainian NDC to the Paris Agreement: Modelling Approach and Results
Diachuk O., Poodles R., Chepelev M., Institute for Economics and Forecasting of National Academy of
Sciences of Ukraine
The Smart Readiness Indicator: A potential, forward-looking EPC complement?Leonardo ENERGY
In buildings significant untapped cost-effective energy saving potentials remain. Therefore, the building sector is at the heart of many policies and strategies aiming to increase the efficient use of energy, to further promote renewable energy use. A major concern is, that strategies and resulting measures do not yield the expected savings. It is well-known that too often energy efficiency renovations fail to achieve predicted savings in practice and also very low energy buildings seem to be vulnerable to have higher real than calculated consumption. This gap becomes obvious in a world where both asset based (i.e. calculated) energy performance certificates (EPC) and consumption based EPC are allowed.
The major question that we want to address in this discussion paper is, to what extent the just updated energy performance of buildings legislation (EPBD) and specifically the Smart Readiness Indicator (SRI), which is under development, may have on reducing that gap and what secondary benefits this may have. This comes with a closer look at the complementary function the SRI may have in relation to EPC.
Presentation del Clean Energy Package de la Comisión European en el Winter Seminar de Funseam 2016, organizado por Funseam y Gas Natural Fenosa
Paula PinhoHead of Unit – Energy Policy CoordinationEuropean Commission – DG ENERGY
Since 2010, the world has added more solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity than in the previous four decades. New systems were installed in 2013 at a rate of 100 megawatts (MW) of capacity per day. Total global capacity overtook 150 gigawatts (GW) in early 2014. The geographical pattern of deployment is rapidly changing. While a few European countries, led by Germany and Italy, initiated large-scale PV development, PV systems are now expanding in other parts of the world, often under sunnier skies. Since 2013, the People’s Republic of China has led the global PV market, followed by Japan and the United States. PV system prices have been divided by three in six years in most markets, while module prices have been divided by five. The cost of electricity from new built systems varies from USD 90 to USD 300/MWh depending on the solar resource; the type, size and cost of systems; maturity of markets and costs of capital. This roadmap envisions PV’s share of global electricity reaching 16% by 2050, a significant increase from the 11% goal in the 2010 roadmap. PV generation would contribute 17% to all clean electricity, and 20% of all renewable electricity. China is expected to continue leading the global market, accounting for about 37% of global capacity by 2050. Achieving this roadmap’s vision of 4 600 GW of installed PV capacity by 2050 would avoid the emission of up to 4 gigatonnes (Gt) of carbon dioxide (CO2) annually. This roadmap assumes that the costs of electricity from PV in different parts of the world will converge as markets develop, with an average cost reduction of 25% by 2020, 45% by 2030, and 65% by 2050, leading to a range of USD 40 to 160/MWh, assuming a cost of capital of 8%. To achieve the vision in this roadmap, the total PV capacity installed each year needs to rise rapidly, from 36 GW in 2013 to 124 GW per year on average, with a peak of 200 GW per year between 2025 and 2040. Including the cost of repowering – the replacement of older installations – annual investment needs to reach an average of about USD 225 billion, more than twice that of 2013.
Hines, Porta Nuova, presentation in WOF Green Milan 2011World Office Forum
About the Porta Nuova development of Hines in Milan. A large and ambitious project that has put sustainability in the forefront of their development strategy. Good sample of what lies behind Hines success.
Que es la Eficiencia energética ?
El conjunto de acciones Que permiten optimizar la relación Entre la cantidad de energía consumida y los productos y servicios finales obtenidos.
A través de la implementación de diversas medidas e inversiones
a nivel tecnológico, de gestión y de hábitos culturales tanto en la casa como en la oficina y en general en la comunidad.
Torre UNIKA Virrey estará ubicada en la carrera 15
con calle 88, en El Virrey, al frente de la fachada
verde hidropónica más grande de América Latina.
Un sector con excelentes vías de acceso, cercanía
a la zona financiera de la 72, a centros comerciales
como Andino, Atlantis y Retiro, la Zona T y el Parque
de la 93, donde se disfruta de los más destacados
restaurantes de la ciudad
Draft report on the implementation and impact of the energy efficiency measur...MARIE Project
MARIE Project at the European Commission
ELIH-MED and MARIE in the EP Draft Report on “The implementation and impact of the energy efficiency measures under Cohesion Policy” to be adopted by REGI Committee on 10 July 2013.
Electric Vehicles - State of play and policy frameworkLeonardo ENERGY
The objective of this report is to contribute to a better understanding of the potential impact of a transition to electric vehicles (EVs) in Europe and of the barriers that currently impede the realization of this potential. The research and analysis contained in this document indicates that the EV holds enormous environmental, social and economic benefits for Europe. However, it also shows that despite some progress in the right direction, we are currently a long way from realizing it. For this potential to be unlocked to a material extent within a 2050 horizon, a series of barriers need to be surpassed through collaboration by all stakeholders. Details of these findings are provided and recommendations on how to increase EV market uptake and to leverage the potential of EV benefits are presented.
The Scope for Energy Saving in the EU through the Use of Energy-Efficient Dis...Leonardo ENERGY
Highlights:
* Distribution transformers represent an important focus for energy efficiency initiatives.
* They are a worthwhile area for R&D, demonstration and promotional effort.
* The potential for reducing losses from distribution transformers affects strategies on energy efficiency and global warming.
* An action plan should be developed to achieve these goals.
* The strategy should be carefully co-ordinated, technically sound, and involve partners from all the supply chain.
A Timely Opportunity to Grasp the Vast Potential of Energy Savings of BACSLeonardo ENERGY
Ineffective control of energy-using systems such as heating, cooling, ventilation and lighting is endemic in Europe’s buildings. Spaces are heated when it is not necessary, lighting is left on, ventilation operates continuously at maximum capacity and so forth. Proper application of building automated technology and controls (BAT and BACS) has a theoretical potential to save about 9% of all EU energy consumption (about 22% of building energy consumption) and a realistic potential through broad-based programmatic efforts to save up to 2/3rds of this. The cost of such energy savings is estimated at €1.1c/kWh, which is less than half the price of wind energy (even when applying a primary to final energy factor of 2.5 to the value of wind power), and is seven times more cost effective than the expected savings from smart meters. The scale of potential savings is very large and would mostly be in avoided gas demand, and thus brings significant cost-effective energy security benefits. Furthermore, unlike the measures to improve the energy efficiency of building fabrics, deployment can be rapid and does not require major and inconvenient disruption of buildings. With a coordinated programme most of these savings could be delivered within a 15 year period. The cumulative cost of delivering a large-scale and effective programme is estimated to be €136bn to 2035 (i.e. about 2.5 times current planned investments in smart meters), but the value of the energy savings over the same time frame are nine times greater at ~€1200bn. With an estimated annual abatement potential of 419 MtCO2 by 2028 measures to promote savings through BAT/BACS are likely to have a similar impact to the EU ETS but to be fully complementary in that they concern a sector outside the scope of the EU ETS.
The Need and Necessity of an EU-wide Renewable Energy Target for 2030Leonardo ENERGY
Highlights:
* Analysis of the two most viable options for renewable energy target-setting.
* One option is a ‘decarbonisation-only’ EU target with voluntary national targets for renewable energy.
* Alternative is an EU-wide renewable energy target, broken down into binding national targets.
* Analysis shows that the latter option is most suitable in facilitating a European low-carbon economy.
* It could help to keep energy costs for industry and society at sustainable levels.
The defining moment of industrial development and leaderhip in Ocean Energy.
This Position Paper has been produced by the European Ocean Energy Association, in close collaboration with participants in a newly created Member States Ocean Energy Interest Group.
Boosting building renovation: what potential and value for Europe?Judit Urquijo
Renovation of buildings is key to meet the EU’s energy efficiency targets. This paper reviews the literature on the state of the building stock and assesses various policy options and their potential for boosting the energy efficient renovation of buildings in Europe.
Highlights:
* Investigates opportunities to encourage early replacement of electric motors by more efficient ones.
* By installing efficient motors, energy is saved and CO2 emissions are reduced.
* Accelerated replacement also increases reliability and reduces risk of unplanned downtime.
* Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) encourages early replacement of motors.
Introduction to the Energy Efficiency DirectiveLeonardo ENERGY
The Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) was adopted in 2012 and is one of the EU’s four key Directives addressing energy efficiency in stationary (i.e. non transport) end-uses (the others being the Energy Performance in Buildings Directive, The Ecodesign Directive and the Energy Labelling Directive). Given that the other Directives cover the energy performance of buildings and equipment the EED is designed to address energy savings opportunities that are not readily addressed by the other Directives. It has its origin in the preceding Energy Services Directive, which was repealed when the EED was adopted. The Energy Efficiency Directive establishes a set of binding measures intended to help the EU reach its 20% energy efficiency target by 2020. Under the Directive, all EU countries are required to use energy more efficiently at all stages of the energy chain from its production to its final consumption. EU countries were required to transpose the Directive's provisions into their national laws by 5 June 2014.
Article 14 of Directive 2012/27/EU: “Promotion of efficiency in heating and c...Leonardo ENERGY
European countries are currently facing complex energy challenges including major external energy dependence or an increasing concern about climate change. The Conclusions of the European Council in 2007 and 2011 established a need for reaching at least a total 20% of savings in the European primary energy consumption by 2020 (2007 baseline).
In order to meet this challenge, the European Union published in 2012 the Energy Efficiency Directive 2012/27/EU (EED), which has established a common framework to promote concrete actions related to energy efficiency in the European market.
Within the EED, the Article 14 stands out for promoting the energy efficiency through the use of CHP (combined heat and power), district heating and cooling and by recovering industrial waste heat.
Wind Power Regulatory Framework Survey 2016Stavros Thomas
In the first semester of 2016 a survey was conducted to holistically evaluate the effectiveness of the existing wind power regulatory framework and the related supporting mechanisms performance. The investigation included respondents from around the world spanning a broad range of stakeholders, wind power professionals, insurance providers and policy makers.
The survey conducted to assess the strengths and weaknesses of the existing regulatory framework for the wind energy (particularly offshore) and provide an indicative picture of the pragmatic needs and improvements in the path to a more sustainable energy system and democratic control over renewable energy.
Responding To Continual Energy Market ChangeCTRM Center
The European power and gas industry is currently going through a period of very rapid change that has potentially far reaching consequences. While change is certainly no stranger to the industry, it requires players in the industry to constantly re-evaluate their business process and technology infrastructures in order to adapt and thrive.
A very interesting report bu Newmark Grubb Knight Frank about skyscrapers in the world, their history, present and future and the relationship with city development.
Ordenación del territorio para la competitividad con una movilidad eficienteWorld Office Forum
Ordenando el territorio para la competitividad con una movilidad eficiente. Una magnífica presentación del profesor Pablo Sotomayor, de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, en la conferencia WOF Bogotá 2013.
A very interesting and comprehensive report on district energy initiatives around the World, technology, planning and how it should help reduce primary energy consumption and resulting emissions.
Un informe muy interesante y completo sobre iniciativas de energía de distrito en el mundo, tecnología, planificación y cómo sería la solución para conseguir reducir el consumo de energía primaria y las consiguientes emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero.
International Property Measurement Standards, created by the IPMS Coalition resolves the difficulties that different local standards of measuring real estate pose for investor, financing institutions or international occupiers. It was an absolute necessity and the problem has now been resolved. This presentation explain the Standards for office buildings.
Recent Trends Fueling The Surge in Farmhouse Demand in IndiaFarmland Bazaar
Embarking on the journey to acquire a farmhouse for sale is just the beginning; the real investment lies in crafting an environment that contributes to our mental and physical well-being while satisfying the soul. At Farmlandbazaar.com, India’s leading online marketplace dedicated to farm land, farmhouses, and agricultural lands, we understand the importance of transforming a humble farmland into a warm and inviting sanctuary. Let's explore the fundamental aspects that can elevate your farmhouse into a tranquil haven.
The KA Housing - Catalogue - Listing TurkeyListing Turkey
Welcome to KA Housing, a distinguished real estate development nestled in the heart of Eyüpsultan, one of Istanbul’s most promising districts.
Just 10 minutes from the bustling city center, Eyüpsultan offers a serene escape with the convenience of urban living. The direct metro line ensures seamless connectivity to all parts of Istanbul, making it an ideal location for residents who seek both tranquility and vibrancy.
KA Housing boasts unparalleled accessibility, with proximity to Istanbul Airport only 30 minutes away, facilitating easy international travel. Effortless city access is guaranteed by direct metro and transportation links to Istanbul’s cultural and commercial hubs. Quick access to key metro lines connects you to every corner of the city within minutes, making commuting and exploring the city hassle-free.
The development offers luxurious living spaces with a range of unit layouts from 1+1 to 4+1, designed with meticulous attention to detail. Each unit features balconies or terraces, providing stunning vistas of Istanbul and enhancing the living experience. High-quality materials and superior craftsmanship ensure durability and elegance, while sound-proof insulation and high ceilings (2.95 m) offer comfort and sophistication.
Residents of KA Housing enjoy exclusive on-site amenities, including a state-of-the-art gym, outdoor swimming pool, yoga area, and walking paths. Entertainment options abound with a private cinema, children’s playground, and a variety of dining options including a café and restaurant. Security and convenience are paramount with 24/7 security, a dedicated carpark garage, and an IP intercom system.
KA Housing represents a prime investment opportunity with limited availability in a high-demand area, ensuring enduring value and potential for lucrative returns. Homes in this development provide exceptional value without compromising on quality, offering affordable luxury for discerning buyers. The construction is of the highest quality, built to the latest seismic and disaster resistance standards, ensuring safety and resilience.
The community and surroundings of KA Housing are enriched by close proximity to prestigious universities such as Haliç University, Bilgi University, and Istanbul Ticaret University, making it an ideal location for students and academics. The development is adjacent to the Alibeyköy stream leading into the Halic waters, offering serene natural escapes amidst lush greenery. Residents can enjoy the cultural richness of the area, surrounded by historical and cultural landmarks that blend leisure, nature, and culture seamlessly.
https://listingturkey.com/property/the-ka-housing/
Rams Garden Bahcelievler - Istanbul - ListingTurkeyListing Turkey
Implemented by Rams Global in Bahcelievler, the Rams Garden Bahcelievler Apartments includes 796 residences of different types from 2+1 to 5+1.
Next to the project, which will have 33 thousand square meters of green area, there will be 42 thousand 300 square meters of woodland. There will also be a 210-meter-long pond in the landscape of the project. There are 94.5 square meters of green space per flat.
Rams Garden Bahcelievler Apartments, which has 8 times more green space than the average of Istanbul with its 33 thousand square meters of green area located within a total of 75 thousand square meters, offers various housing options from 2+1 to 5+1.RAMS Garden has brought a lifeline to the construction industry.
Rams Global, which has signed projects in many places from Dubai to Phuket and delivered more than 20 thousand residences, is now starting new projects in Istanbul.
Rams Garden Bahcelievler is located 9 minutes from Metroport AVM, 5 minutes from Marmara Forum AVM, 12 minutes from Kazlıçeşme beach, 9 minutes from Yıldız Technical University, 7 minutes from Istinye University, 9 minutes from Ramada Hotel and Medicana Hospital.
https://listingturkey.com/property/rams-garden-bahcelievler-apartments/
The SVN® organization shares a portion of their new weekly listings via their SVN Live® Weekly Property Broadcast. Visit https://svn.com/svn-live/ if you would like to attend our weekly call, which we open up to the brokerage community.
Keep Your Home Naturally Cool and Warm Out Change in Seasons
Vinra Construction is a private limited company registered under the ROC. The management has an experience of over 15 years of understanding the needs and delivering apt solutions to the end users We are providing turnkey solutions in construction fields. like Construction, Interior Designing Facility Management, Plantation Management, etc..
Vinra Construction Tech Enabled Company for Eco-Friendly Home Construction
Contact With Vinra for a Greener Future >>> Call us @ 888 4898 765
Total Environment Tangled Up In The Green - Residential Plots Where Nature an...JagadishKR1
Embark on a journey where lush landscapes and contemporary living converge at Total Environment's Tangled Up In The Green Residential Plots in Devanahalli, Bangalore. Surrounded by verdant expanses, these plots offer an idyllic setting for your dream home. Immerse yourself in the serenity of nature while enjoying the finest amenities and design, where every moment is a harmonious blend of luxury and tranquility.
Sense Levent Kagithane Catalog - Listing TurkeyListing Turkey
Sense Levent offers a luxurious living experience in the heart of Istanbul’s vibrant Levent district.
This cutting-edge development seamlessly integrates modern design with natural elements, featuring live evergreen plants maintained by an advanced irrigation system, ensuring lush greenery year-round.
The building’s elegant ceramic balconies are both stylish and durable, enhancing the overall aesthetic and functionality. Residents can enjoy the 700m Sky Lounge, which provides breathtaking views of Istanbul and a perfect space to relax and unwind.
Sense Levent promotes a healthy and active lifestyle with a full gym, swimming pool, sauna, and steam room, all available in the building. The interiors are crafted with high-quality materials, ensuring a luxurious and inviting living space.
Designed with young professionals in mind, Sense Levent features 1+1 and 2+1 units with smart floor plans and balconies. The project promises high investment returns, with an expected annual return of 6.5-7%, significantly above Istanbul’s average ROI.
Located in the rapidly growing and highly desirable Levent area, the development benefits from ongoing urban regeneration projects. Its prime location offers proximity to shopping malls, municipal buildings, universities, and public transportation, adding immense value to your investment.
Early investors can take advantage of discounted units during the construction phase, with an expected capital appreciation of +45% USD upon completion. Property Turkey provides comprehensive rental management services, ensuring a seamless and profitable investment experience.
Additionally, robust legal support and significant tax advantages are available through Property Turkey’s licensed Real Estate Investment Fund. Levent is a dynamic urban hub, ideal for young professionals with its numerous corporate headquarters and shopping malls.
Sense Levent is more than just a residence; it’s a place where dreams and opportunities come to life. Contact us today to secure your place in this exclusive development and experience the best of Istanbul living. Sense Levent: Sense the Opportunity. Live the Dream.
https://listingturkey.com/property/sense-levent/
Serviced Apartment Ho Chi Minh For RentalGVRenting
GVRenting is the leading rental real estate company in Vietnam. We help you to find a serviced apartment for rent in Ho Chi Minh & Saigon. Discover our broad range of rental properties in Vietnam.
For more details https://gvrenting.com/
Presentation to Windust Meadows HOA Board of Directors June 4, 2024: Focus o...Joseph Lewis Aguirre
Presentation to Windust Meadows HOA Board of Directors June 4, 2024: Focus on Public Safety as Job #1, Engagement, Wealth of HOA, Branding, Communication, Culture, Civic Responsibility
Rixos Tersane Istanbul Residences Brochure_May2024_ENG.pdfListing Turkey
Tersane Suites Residences is a luxurious real estate project located in the heart of Istanbul, next to the beautiful Golden Horn. This unique development offers hotel concept residences with Rixos management, making it the perfect choice for both homeowners and investors.
The Tersane Suites Residences offers a wide range of options, from studio apartments to spacious four-bedroom units, all designed to the highest standard. The suites are finished with high-quality materials and feature modern, open-plan living spaces, fully-equipped kitchens, and large balconies with stunning views of the city and sea.
One of the standout features of Tersane Suites Residences is the Rixos management, which provides a truly exclusive and upscale living experience. Residents will have access to a range of luxury amenities, including a fitness center, spa, and indoor and outdoor swimming pools. Plus, the on-site restaurants and cafes provide a taste of the local and international cuisine.
The Tersane Suites Residences also offers a great opportunity for investors, as it provides a rental guarantee program. This means that investors can enjoy a steady income stream, with the peace of mind that their property is being managed by a reputable and experienced team.
The location of Tersane Suites Residences is also unbeatable, with easy access to the city’s main transportation links and within close proximity to the historic center, making it the perfect base for exploring all that Istanbul has to offer.
The SVN® organization shares a portion of their new weekly listings via their SVN Live® Weekly Property Broadcast. Visit https://svn.com/svn-live/ if you would like to attend our weekly call, which we open up to the brokerage community.
Discover Yeni Eyup Evleri 2, nestled among the rising values of Eyupsultan, offering the epitome of modern living in Istanbul.
With its spacious living areas, contemporary architecture, and meticulous details, Yeni Eyup Evleri 2 is poised to be the star of your happiest moments. Situated in the new favorite district of Eyupsultan, claim your spot and unlock the doors to a peaceful life alongside your loved ones. Nestled next to the historical and natural beauties of Eyupsultan, embrace the comfort of modern living and rediscover life.
Social Amenities:
Yeni Eyup 2 offers a life filled with joy with its green landscaping areas, gym, sauna, children’s play areas, café, outdoor pool, and basketball court. Reserve your place for unforgettable moments!
Reliable Structure:
With 1+1, 2+1, and 3+1 apartment options, Yeni Eyup Evleri 2 is designed with first-class materials and craftsmanship. The doors to a safe and comfortable life are here! Choose the option that suits you best and step into your dream home.
Project:
Yeni Eyup 2 is conveniently located, with Istanbul Airport just 26 minutes away, the Mecidiyeköy Metro Line 4 minutes away, and the Tram Stop 5 minutes away, making your life easier with its central location.
Location:
Your home is positioned in a privileged location, providing easy access to the city center, shopping malls, restaurants, schools, and other important places.
Yeni Eyup 2 offers 1+1, 2+1, and 3+1 apartment options designed to meet different needs. Find an option suitable for every lifestyle and open the doors to a comfortable life in your dream home.
https://listingturkey.com/property/yeni-eyup-evleri-2/
3. 3
Content
List of Figures and Tables........................................................................................... 4
Abbreviations ............................................................................................................. 5
1. Introduction ........................................................................................................... 6
2. Requirements of EED Article 5 ................................................................................ 7
3. Method ................................................................................................................... 8
4. Overview of countries using default and alternative approach ............................... 9
5. Main findings: Member States using the default approach.................................... 10
5.1 Inventories ........................................................................................................... 10
5.2 Planning and carrying out renovations ...................................................................... 13
5.3 Annex XIV: Article 5 reporting obligation in annual reports.......................................... 13
5.4 Conclusions: default approach ................................................................................. 13
6. Main findings: Member States using the alternative approach.............................. 13
6.1 Equivalence with default approach ........................................................................... 13
6.2 Planning and carrying out of alternative measures ..................................................... 17
6.3 Annex XIV: Article 5 reporting obligation in annual reports.......................................... 20
6.4 Conclusions: alternative approach............................................................................ 21
7. Estimation of the impacts of Article 5 .................................................................. 21
8. Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 23
9. Recommendations ................................................................................................ 24
Annex I – Questionnaire........................................................................................... 27
Annex II – List of organisations who contributed to the analysis............................. 32
Annex III – Relevant legal text in the EED ............................................................... 33
4. 4
List of Figures and Tables
Figures
Figure 1 - Member States implement Article 5 adopting the default or the alternative approach
................................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 2 - Country ranking: quality of inventories ............................................................ 12
Tables
Table 1 - Quality of inventories for countries having chosen the default approach................ 11
Table 2 - Exemplification of calculation of cumulative savings (the annual savings below are
purely illustrative and do not correspond to any reported national figure)........................... 15
Table 3 - Alternative approach: reported energy savings targets vs targets calculated in line
with cumulative savings for the period 2014-2020........................................................... 16
Table 4 - Overview of alternative measures selected by MSs............................................. 18
Table 5 - Planned floor area renovation for countries using the default approach ................. 21
Table 6 - Planned energy savings from alternative measures in 2014................................. 22
5. 5
Abbreviations
BPIE Buildings Performance Institute Europe
EED Energy Efficiency Directive
EPBD Energy Performance of Buildings Directive
EPC Energy Performance Certificate
ESCO Energy Service Company
EU European Union
GWh Gigawatt hour
kWh Kilowatt hour
MEPR Minimum Energy Performance Requirement
MS Member State
NA Not available
NEEAP National Energy Efficiency Action Plan
UK United Kingdom
6. 6
1. Introduction
The Coalition for Energy Savings undertakes regular assessments to keep track of progress at
Member State level of implementation of the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED). In doing this, it
supports the national and EU energy efficiency community, as well as the European Commis-
sion in its role to check and enforce compliance of national implementing measures under the
EED. This report analyses the plans and inventories Member States notified to the Commission
in order to comply with Article 5 of the EED, which requires Member States to annually reno-
vate 3% of the floor area of their central government buildings.
Good implementation of the EED is crucial to achieve the 20% energy savings target in 2020
and pave the way to deliver further savings beyond 2020. The importance of good implemen-
tation is confirmed by the Commission in its 2014 Energy Efficiency Communication5
, which
states that “implementation of the EU legislative framework is still lagging behind. If all Mem-
ber States now work equally hard to implement fully the agreed legislation then the 20% tar-
get can be achieved without the need for additional measures”. Furthermore, the European
Council, in its conclusions of 23/24 October 2014, stated that “substantial progress has been
made towards the attainment of the EU targets for greenhouse gas emission reduction, renew-
able energy and energy efficiency, which need to be fully met by 2020”. These statements by
both the Commission and the European Council raise high expectations for good implementa-
tion of the EED.
The public sector can be an important trigger for stimulating market transformation towards
more efficient products, buildings and services and in promoting best practices examples, and
thus play a crucial role in ensuring that the EU achieves the 20% energy savings target. Due to
the large volume of relevant public spending (19% of GDP6
) it could serve as a strong driver
for higher market uptake of energy efficiency.
The energy–related renovation rate of buildings in the EU only amounts to around 1%7
; the
main purpose of Article 5 is to ensure that, at least in the public sector, energy efficient build-
ings renovations are substantially sped up. Energy efficient renovations of central government
buildings should set the example for regional and local governments, as well as open-up the
market for the residential and commercial building stock. In short, an increased rate of energy
efficient renovation of central government buildings would provide a learning laboratory and
kick-start the market for the whole sector.
Finally, the implementation of this article is a real test of Member States’ commitment towards
energy efficiency. Governments are fully responsible for the buildings they own and occupy;
therefore, if they do not fully deliver on this obligation, it will be a clear sign of the lack of po-
litical will to make energy efficiency happen.
5
European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Coun-
cil - Energy Efficiency and its contribution to energy security and the 2030 Framework for climate and
energy policy, COM(2014)520, 23 July 2014.
6
SEC(2011)853 final
7
Europe’s buildings under the microscope. A country-by-country review of the energy performance of
buildings, BPIE, page 103.
7. 7
2. Requirements of EED Article 5
Article 5 of the Energy Efficiency Directive (EED) requires Member States to either
renovate each year, as of 1 January 2014, 3% of the total floor area of heated and/or
cooled buildings owned and occupied by central government8
with a floor area over
500m2
that do not meet the Minimum Energy Performance Requirements (MEPRs) (the
default approach), or
take alternative measures that achieve savings that are at least equivalent to the sav-
ings that the default approach would have delivered (the alternative approach).
The default approach requires Member States to renovate 3% of the floor area annually up to
the relevant MEPRs, set in accordance with the Article 4 of the Energy Performance of Build-
ings Directive (EPBD)9
.
The 3% rate shall be calculated on the total floor area of buildings, with a total useful floor
area over 500m2
, owned and occupied by the central government of the Member State that on
1 January each year do not meet the MEPRs. The threshold of 500m2
shall be lowered to
250m2
by 9 July 2015. Member States may also decide to exempt special categories of build-
ings, including those of special architectural value10
. The floor area to be renovated only con-
cerns that of central government buildings. Central government is defined as 'all administrative
departments whose competence extends over the whole territory of a Member State, according
to article 2(9) of the EED. Moreover, when in a given Member State and for a given compe-
tence no such relevant administrative department exists that covers the whole territory, the
obligation should apply to those administrative departments whose competences cover collec-
tively the whole territory11
. This scope of ‘central government buildings’ can thus differ per
Member State.
Member States that opt for the default approach are required to establish and make publicly
available an inventory of heated and/or cooled central government buildings with a total useful
floor area over 500 m2
by 31 December 2013.
Member States may take an alternative approach to this requirement, by taking other cost-
effective measures, including deep renovations and measures for behavioural change of occu-
pants, to achieve by 2020 the same amount of energy savings that would be achieved when
renovating 3% of the government buildings stock annually.
Member States using the alternative approach were required to notify the Commission, by 31
December 2013, of the measures they plan to adopt, and showing how this would achieve an
equivalent improvement of energy performance of central government buildings compared to
the default approach.
In addition, Annex XIV of the EED in its section on the “General framework for annual reports”
requires all Member States to annually report on the total building floor area of central gov-
ernment buildings that do not meet the MEPRs (Annex XIV, part 1(c)). Moreover, Member
States opting for the default approach have to report on the total building floor area that was
renovated in the previous year, while Member States opting for the alternative approach need
to report on the total energy savings (Annex XIV, part 1(d)).
8
Article 2(9) of the EED defines 'Central government' as 'all administrative departments whose compe-
tence extends over the whole territory of a Member State.
9
Article 4 of the EPBD states that Member States shall take the necessary measures to ensure that min-
imum energy performance requirements for buildings or building units are set with a view to achieving
cost-optimal levels.
10
Article 5(2) allows Member States to exempt buildings officially protected, buildings owned by the
armed force or serving national defense purposes, and buildings used as places of worship and for reli-
gious activities.
11
Recital 17 of the EED, and referred to in the Guidance note on Directive 2012/27/EU on energy effi-
ciency (http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52013SC0445&from=EN)
8. 8
To help Members States with the implementation of the key provisions of EED, including Article
5, the European Commission has issued guidance notes that should guide the interpretation
and the implementation of the Articles12
.
See Annex III for the relevant legal texts.
3. Method
The Coalition for Energy Savings undertook a stakeholder analysis of Member State reports on
Article 5 implementation that builds upon the factsheet the Building Performance Institute
Europe (BPIE) has published13
. A range of stakeholders (Annex II) provided analysis, insights
and opinions about the reports, based on a common questionnaire (Annex I) to develop this
report. The National Energy Efficiency Actions Plan and the Annual Progress Report submitted
in spring 2014, as well as national implementing reports produced under the Concerted Action
for the EED were used for additional relevant information.
The analysis focuses on the essential elements of Article 5:
What are the expected energy savings from the renovations and/or the alternative ap-
proach?
Is the required information provided?
Which measures are planned, and is there a schedule for implementation?
By investigating these questions, it becomes clear whether the current article will reach its ob-
jective of making the public sector a role-model in EU buildings renovations.
12
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52013SC0445&from=EN
13
http://bpie.eu/factsheet_article5.html#.VSZT2JOUftE
9. 9
4. Overview of countries using default and alternative ap-
proach
Out of the 28 EU Member States, 11 chose to implement Article 5 by adopting the default ap-
proach and 17 by adopting the alternative approach.
Figure 1 - Member States implement Article 5 adopting the default or the alternative approach
Inventories of the central government buildings are available for the 11 countries that have
opted for the default approach. The European Commission webpage14
provides links to the
websites where the inventories of Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania can be found. The no-
tifications and/or inventories of Greece, Hungary, Luxembourg and Spain are published directly
on the Commission page. There are no documents available for Bulgaria, Romania and Slove-
nia on the Commission page.
Of the 17 countries that have chosen the alternative approach, all - except the Czech Republic
- have sent a notification to the European Commission. The Czech Republic has communicated
its choice for the alternative approach in its 2014 National Energy Efficiency Action Plan - not
in a separate notification as required by the EED.
14
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/en/topics/energy-efficiency-directive/buildings-under-eed
10. 10
Spain claims it would use a “mixed approach” in which alternative measures would comple-
ment the default approach, in case renovations under the default approach will not deliver the
required savings. However, the Coalition’s assessment is that if Spain wanted to use the alter-
native approach it should have notified an alternative energy savings target and a list of
measures to achieve this target, which could have included building renovations as well.
5. Main findings: Member States using the default approach
Under the default approach of Article 5 Member States should renovate 3% of the floor area of
their central government public buildings that do not meet the MEPRs per year. In order to ful-
fil the requirements, Member States first need to compile an inventory of their buildings.
5.1 Inventories
The prerequisite to planning the renovation of central government buildings is to have a com-
plete overview of the building stock in order to be able to calculate the floor area that needs to
be renovated. For this reason, Article 5(5) requires Member States to establish an inventory
and make it publicly available. The inventory should contain a list of heated and/or cooled
buildings that are owned and occupied by central government with a total useful floor area
over 500 m2
(on 9 July 2015 this threshold should be lowered to 250m2
). For each building,
the inventory should specifically include information on its floor area expressed in square me-
tres and “data on the energy performance, or relevant energy data”. This means that energy
data on the energy consumption in the form of kWh/square metre, total energy use for a
building, or Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) are equally acceptable.
While Member States have to renovate annually 3% of the floor area of those buildings that do
not meet the MEPRs set in accordance with Article 4 of the EPBD, there is no clear legal re-
quirement to explicitly also include MEPRs information per building in the inventory.
With the exception of Romania and Hungary15
, all Member States’ inventories contain a list of
central government buildings with a floor area over 500m2
. Four countries extended the scope
of their inventories beyond central government buildings: Bulgaria also includes buildings with
a floor area over 250m2
. Moreover, Bulgaria and Lithuania also include regional buildings. Es-
tonia lists all state-owned buildings, which includes schools and hospitals, but not regional and
local government buildings. In general, it is encouraging if Member States voluntarily extend
the scope of Article 5 beyond central government buildings. Yet, these cases must be carefully
assessed as to whether they go beyond the requirements, as the definition of central govern-
ment buildings can be different per country (see chapter 2 for definition).
All Member States, apart from Romania and Hungary, provide information on the surface area
(in m2
) for each building.
Out of the 11 countries, two countries (Latvia and Slovenia) fully comply with the obligation to
report energy data for each building listed in the inventory. Six countries (Bulgaria, Cyprus,
Estonia, Lithuania, Luxembourg and Spain) report energy performance data per building but
not for all buildings, while Hungary, Greece and Romania do not present energy performance
data per building at all.
The two countries providing full information on the energy use of their central government
buildings, do so by providing complete data on the energy consumption in kWh/m2
. This
means that no country has provided comprehensive data in the form of EPCs.
15
The Romanian and Hungarian inventories only provide aggregated information per group of buildings
under the authority of one government body.
11. 11
From those that provide partial information, Bulgaria, Estonia and Lithuania only use EPCs. Cy-
prus, Latvia, Luxembourg and Spain combine EPCs with other energy indicators, such as
kWh/m2
(see Table 1).
Finally, from the inventories it is not clear whether the buildings listed are only those that do
not meet the MEPRs or all buildings that are owned and occupied by the central government.
Only Cyprus and Luxemburg explicitly distinguish whether buildings comply with the MEPRs.
Table 1 - Quality of inventories for countries having chosen the default approach
Which buildings are
listed in the public
inventory?
Is information on
the floor area of
buildings avail-
able?
Is information on the energy perform-
ance per building available in the in-
ventory?16
EPC Other energy
indicator
Bulgaria
All central and re-
gional government
buildings with floor
area over 250m2
Yes, for every
building
Low availabil-
ity ~15%
NA
Cyprus
All central govern-
mental buildings with
floor area over 500m2
Yes, for every
building
Low availabil-
ity ~ 10%
Energy consumption
(kWh/m2
/year)
Moderate availability
~ 64%
Estonia
All state owned and
occupied properties17
Yes, for every
building
Low availabil-
ity ~ 10%
NA
Greece
All central govern-
mental buildings with
floor area over 500m2
Yes, for every
building
NA NA
Hungary
No individual build-
ings but groups of
buildings18
No NA NA
Latvia
All central govern-
mental buildings with
floor area over 500m2
Yes, for every
building
Low availabil-
ity ~10%
Energy consumption
in kWh/m2
/year
Full availability
~100%
Lithuania
All central and re-
gional public buildings
with floor area over
500 m2
Yes, for every
building
Moderate
availability
~60%
NA
Luxem-
burg
All central govern-
mental buildings with
floor area over 500m2
Yes, for every
building
Low to mod-
erate avail-
ability
~30%19
Electricity consump-
tion (kWh/m2
/year)
~ low to moderate
availability 28%
16
The numbers presented here are slightly different from those in BPIE’s factsheet ‘Setting the target for
public buildings renovation’, as this analysis distinguishes between data on energy consumption (kWh)
and EPCs. We chose to look at EPCs as these automatically include information on the MEPRs. Our esti-
mations on the availability of energy performance indicators are slightly different from BPIE’s factsheet.
17
Estonia has a publicly accessible online system, which includes all state owned and occupied properties
(state owned public buildings, schools, hospitals, etc.).
18
The inventory does not provide data per building, but aggregated information per group of buildings
under the authority of one government body.
19
Luxemburg reports that out of 58 buildings, 16 buildings have an EPC, and 6 additional buildings are
‘fulfilling current requirements’; presumably this means MEPRs. All buildings without EPC are under scru-
12. 12
heat consumption
(kWh/ m2
/year)
moderate availability
~ 67%
Romania
No individual build-
ings but groups of
buildings9
No NA NA
Slovenia
All central govern-
mental buildings with
floor area over 500m2
Yes, for every
building
NA
Energy consumption
(kWh/m2
/year)
Full availability
~100%
Spain
All central govern-
mental buildings with
floor area over 500m2
Yes, for every
building
Moderate
availability
~ 40%
Energy consumption
(kWh/m2
/year) –
high availability
~90%
Figure 2 - Country ranking: quality of inventories
tiny at the moment. However, the inventory does not contain EPC values; only electricity and heat con-
sumption indicators are provided and it is unclear to which EPC values these correspond.
13. 13
5.2 Planning and carrying out renovations
After compiling the inventories, the renovations should have started as of 1 January 2014.
However, under the default approach, there is no requirement to provide a plan for the reno-
vations. As a consequence, Member States do not provide information on planning and imple-
mentation of the required renovations.
Article 5 requires Member States to prioritise renovation of the worst performing buildings, in
so far as this is technically feasible and cost-effective. It remains unclear from the information
provided by the Member States whether worst performing buildings are prioritised. Moreover,
it is also unclear whether renovations that go beyond the MEPRs will be carried out.
5.3 Annex XIV: Article 5 reporting obligation in annual reports
As of 2014, according to Annex XIV, Member States opting for the default approach were re-
quired to report the total floor area that does not meet MEPRs and the total floor area to be
renovated in the previous year in their annual report due by 30 April. However, while Member
States could report on the total floor area as they had to collect this information for the inven-
tories that were due by 31 December 2013, they could not provide full data on the energy sav-
ings achieved in 2013 as the obligation only started on 1 January 2014.
5.4 Conclusions: default approach
The EED requirements under the default approach require limited information from Member
States. Overall, Member States have not provided more information than strictly necessary, or
have provided less information than required. The inventories are of mediocre quality, with
only two Member States (Latvia and Slovenia) providing all required data. Other countries pre-
sent incomplete data, especially on the energy performance of the buildings. Furthermore,
whilst not strictly required, clear planning and timeframes for renovations are not provided.
Member States opting for the default approach are not required to report on the expected en-
ergy savings resulting from those renovations in either Article 5 or Annex XIV. With the excep-
tion of Lithuania, no country provides data on the expected savings by 2020. This is an impor-
tant weakness of Article 5 of the EED, as it hinders the quantification of the overall impacts of
Article 5 and seriously limits the ability to make a sound comparison between Member States
opting for the default and the alternative approach.
6. Main findings: Member States using the alternative ap-
proach
Instead of annually renovating 3% of the floor area of central government buildings, under Ar-
ticle 5 a Member State may opt for the alternative approach and adopt alternative measures
that would deliver at least the same amount of savings. Member States that opt for the alter-
native approach need to report an energy savings target, not a target expressed in floor area
to be renovated.
6.1 Equivalence with default approach
Calculating and proving the equivalence between the default and alternative approach is cru-
cial for Member States opting for the alternative approach. Article 5(6) states that Member
States may “take other cost-effective measures, including deep renovations and measures for
behavioural change of occupants, to achieve, by 2020, an amount of energy savings in eligible
buildings owned and occupied by their central government that is at least equivalent to that
required in paragraph 1, reported on an annual basis.”
14. 14
As the Guidance note explains, “The fulfilment of either obligation is expected to lead to an
equivalent targeted improvement in the energy performance of buildings, the chosen approach
will mainly determine only the manner in which this target is reached.”
Thus, a country that has chosen the alternative approach should calculate the energy savings
that the default approach would have delivered. If the amount of energy savings delivered by
the alternative approach is not “at least equivalent” to this, equivalence is not ensured, i.e.,
the country is making less effort than it would have if it had selected the default approach.
Estimation of the area and of the savings
Only Member States that have chosen the default approach are required to publish an inven-
tory that includes the buildings owned and occupied by central government. Notwithstanding
the above, an inventory would be the best way to ensure the equivalence between the default
and the alternative approach. The use of the inventory, rather than of estimations, would allow
each Member State to calculate the 3% floor area of the buildings covered by the obligation, as
well as provide detailed information about the energy performance of each building and the
related savings that a renovation could generate. Out of the 17 countries that have selected
the alternative approach, only Ireland, Croatia, Malta, Slovakia have published an inventory
with their notification that provides clear information about each building covered by the obli-
gation, its area, as well as its energy performance. Portugal and some of the obliged entities of
Belgium20
have also provided an inventory but with incomplete information on floor area and
energy performance per building. The remaining 11 Member States have not provided an in-
ventory; their data on building floor areas and performance are derived from a collection of
data that is put together by their relevant national ministry or energy agency. To estimate the
savings that the renovation would have achieved, as also indicated in Article 5 and the Guid-
ance note provided by the Commission, countries have generally used standard values associ-
ated to reference buildings.
Cumulative savings over the whole period 2014-2020
In the Commission guidance note, it is explained that “the energy savings achieved under the
alternative approach are cumulative, meaning that Member States are required to achieve the
sum of annual savings over the whole period between 2014 and 2020”21
.
The rationale behind the application of the cumulative savings is that when a renovation takes
place, the energy savings do not stop after the first year; on the contrary, the savings remain
throughout the entire lifetime of the building. Therefore, savings from alternative measures
should be counted cumulatively over the whole period 2014-2020 to be equivalent to savings
from renovations that would have taken place under the default approach.
20
The notion of central government buildings covers in Belgium building that are owned and occupied by
the Federal Government, the Brussels Region, the Flemish Region, the Walloon Region, the German
speaking community, the Federation Wallonia-Brussels, the “Commission Communautaire commune” and
the “Commission communautaire française.”
21
http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:52013SC0445&from=EN,
page 4
15. 15
The table below provides a visual clarification of the calculation of cumulative savings and is
inspired by the Commission guidance note on Article 7 of the EED, in which the calculation of
cumulative savings is explained in greater detail.
Table 2 - Exemplification of calculation of cumulative savings over the whole period 2014-
2020 (the annual savings below are purely illustrative and do not correspond to any reported
national figure)
Year Energy savings resulting from yearly 3% renovation Total
2014 40 40
2015 40 38 78
2016 40 38 35 113
2017 40 38 35 30 143
2018 40 38 35 30 27 170
2019 40 38 35 30 27 22 192
2020 40 38 35 30 27 22 21 213
Total 949
This means that to correctly calculate equivalence in line with what is stated in the Guidance
note, a Member State should:
1) Estimate, for each year, the energy savings that would result from renovating 3% of the
central government buildings’ useful floor area that does not meet the MEPRs;
2) Multiply the estimated annual savings for the remaining number of years up to 2020 (7
years for the renovations carried out in 2014, 6 years for the renovations carried out in 2015
and so on); and
3) Sum the year-on-year savings that would be generated by each annual renovation of 3% of
the floor area of central government buildings.
Spreading of savings over the 2014-2020 period
While Member States choosing the default approach have to carry out yearly efforts to meet
the requirements of Article 5 (with the possibility of having some flexibility), for Member States
using the alternative approach there is no guidance on how the savings need to be spread over
the period 2014-2020. The savings should ideally increase by a linear progression over the
seven year obligation period and reach the peak in the year 2020 in order to contribute to-
wards the 2020 energy efficiency target. To ensure that this happens, cumulative savings in
the year 2020 would also need to be taken into account.
Due to the lack of guidance in the current Guidance Document, there is a risk that a Member
State could deliver the savings only at the beginning or the end of the 2014-2020 period, or
put in place policies that create “stops-and-goes”. Even if this is less relevant to prove equiva-
lence with the default approach, it is highly relevant to ensuring that alternative measures se-
lected are persistent, deliver long term effects, transform the market and contribute to meet-
ing the 2020 target.
Member States’ reports
Most Member States that apply the alternative approach do not seem to calculate the equiva-
lence with the default approach correctly, as they do not account for cumulative savings over
16. 16
the whole period 2014-2020. For example, when calculating the savings for the period 2014-
2020 some Member States only report cumulative savings for the year 2020, which would be
equivalent to the savings in the 2020 column in Table 2 above. As mentioned above, cumula-
tive savings in the year 2020 are extremely relevant, but, as such, do not ensure equivalence
with the default approach.
Out of 17 countries that have selected the alternative approach, only five countries - Austria,
Croatia, France, Italy and Slovakia - have calculated and reported the equivalence with the de-
fault approach by calculating cumulative savings over the whole 2014-2020 period. However,
France reports a target that seems inaccurate and too low compared to own calculations.
Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Malta, Sweden, and the Netherlands do not report cumulative sav-
ings over the period 2014-2020 but report cumulative savings in the year 2020 only.
UK notifies cumulative savings in 2019 and it fails to communicate the savings for the year
2020, as if its obligation stops on 31 December 2019.
Ireland, Portugal and Poland have only reported an annual target and have not communicated
to the Commission their savings for the whole period 2014-2020.
Germany has reported no target at all. The Czech Republic has not notified the Commission
the choice of the alternative approach, but mentions the alternative approach to Article 5 in its
National Energy Efficiency Action Plan; however, there is no energy savings target.
Table 3 - Alternative approach: energy savings targets reported by Member States
NOTE: The numbers in bold represent the targets reported by the Member States in their noti-
fication; the others represent our own calculations and they are approximations as the full data
is not available in all cases. The calculations are available upon request, by contacting secre-
tariat@energycoalition.eu
Annual Cumulative
in 2020
(GWh)
Cumulative
2014-2020
(GWh)
Comment
Austria 12 48
Belgium - - - Belgium did not provide an
overall target, but separate
figures for cumulative savings
in 2020 available for each
separate entity.22
Croatia 1.3 9.5 38
Czech Republic - - - No target reported
Denmark 148 610
Finland 8.2 34
France 707.9 2477 The cumulative 2014-2020
number appears to be incor-
rectly calculated. We estimate
the correct number to be 3171
GWh.
Germany - - - No target reported
22
See footnote 20.
17. 17
Ireland 1.3 9.1 36.423
Italy 111.9 458.7
Malta 0.08 0.55 2.22
The Netherlands 60.8 243
Poland 2.1224
- 59,3625
Portugal
0.6 4.2 16.826
Slovakia 13.14 52.7 The Slovak notification sug-
gests that 52.7 GWh would be
per year, but looking at the
data provided, these seem to
be cumulative savings for the
whole 2014-2020 period.
Sweden 20.6 85
UK 163.6 - The UK does not provide the
yearly savings for 2020 and
calculate the savings only up
to the end of 2019; therefore
it is not possible to estimate
the cumulative savings for the
whole period.
It is not possible to verify whether the savings that Member States have declared are correctly
calculated as there is no way to check, for example, the reported floor on which the calculation
of their savings is based or the data on the energy performance of their buildings is not avail-
able.
6.2 Planning and carrying out of alternative measures
Member States are required to provide details about the measures they have selected to com-
ply with Article 5(6) of the EED. The legal text does not provide a full list of the eligible alter-
native measures, but highlights some examples such as deep renovations and measures that
encourage change in the behaviour of buildings’ occupants. Member States are therefore free
to select the type of interventions they consider most appropriate, with the limitation that they
should be carried out in buildings owned and occupied by the central government. In practice,
this has resulted in most of the countries listing a long series of alternative measures that are
a patchwork of separate actions rather than parts of a well-structured strategy for reducing the
energy consumption of the central government building stock (see Table 4).
Among the good practices, countries link the alternative measures planned with available fi-
nancing to carry them out; for example, Croatia, Italy, Slovakia and Poland clearly refer to the
use of Structural and Cohesion Funds to comply with Article 5 obligations.
Nine countries plan to achieve savings by encouraging behavioural change of occupants and
raising awareness. Ireland plans to put in place a large-scale behavioural change campaign to
23
The cumulative savings for the period 2014-2020 have been calculated assuming as an average the
yearly savings reported.
24
Poland reports an annual target of 2122.15GWh, but this appears to be a mistake in the unit (GWh
instead of MWh).
25
See footnote 23.
26
See footnote 23.
18. 18
meet its obligations under Article 5. While most of the countries will undertake building reno-
vations among other measures, only Belgium, Italy, and Slovakia have explicitly committed to
carrying out deep renovations of central government buildings. Measures whose main purpose
is to support the development of renewable energy are also included, as reported in the notifi-
cations of Malta and Poland. While the uptake of renewables is in itself positive, it is not an en-
ergy efficiency measure and is not considered eligible for implementing Article 5.
Austria, the Belgian region of Flanders, Finland, France, Malta and UK are using the flexibility
mechanisms foreseen in Article 5(4)27
, which are also available for those countries using the
alternative approach according to the Commission’s guidance note. In particular, Austria,
Finland and France list selling-off buildings as one of the alternative measures, the Belgian re-
gion of Flanders plans “floor area reductions”, Malta more generally refers to “reallocation of
employees in offices”, while the UK takes into account “estate rationalisation” to set a lower
energy savings target up-front.
To assess the credibility and monitor the impacts of the alternative measures, an estimation of
the energy savings they would deliver is needed. However, out of the 17 countries that have
chosen the alternative approach, only Austria, Croatia, Ireland and Finland give a clear figure
for the savings per individual measure.
Finally, the additionality of the alternative measures is also relevant to evaluate the degree of
compliance. Several Member States notify policy measures and actions that were already
planned before the adoption of the EED. While from a legal perspective this is allowed, it indi-
cates that EU legislation does not always trigger additional action at the national level.
France will comply with Article 5 by implementing the measures already agreed upon and
planned under the “Grenelle de l’Environnement”. The UK is also planning to use existing
schemes that are already operating such as the Greening Government Commitments in the
UK, the 2013 Carbon Management Plan for Scotland and the Climate Change Strategy for
Wales. Finland, on the other hand seems to be planning new measures in central government
buildings as a direct consequence of complying with Article 5 of the EED.
Table 4 - Overview of alternative measures selected by MSs
Member
State
Planned alternative measures Savings esti-
mated for
measures
Austria
1. Building renovation and floor area reduction (selling off)
2. Energy services contracting, including for the building
envelope
3. Energy management, including behavioural change
Yes (for each in-
dividual meas-
ure)
Belgium28 Brussels Region
1. Use of PLAGE (Local Action Plan for Energy manage-
ment).
Flemish Region
1. Implementation of recommendations included in the
EPC
2. Construction of new energy efficient buildings
3. Deep renovations
Walloon Region
1. Measures resulting from energy audits carried out un-
No
27
See Annex III.
28
The alternative measures planned by the Federal Government, the German speaking community, the
Federation Wallonia-Brussels, the “Commission Communautaire commune” and the “Commission
communautaire française” have not been analysed as their energy savings targets are very small.
19. 19
der the program UREBA (Rational Use of Energy in Pub-
lic Buildings)
Croatia
1. Programme of energy renovation of public sector build-
ings 2014–2015
2. Energy renovation of public sector buildings 2016–2020
3. Connecting Energy Management for Information Sys-
tems with the metering and charging systems of en-
ergy commodity and water suppliers29
Yes (for each in-
dividual meas-
ure)
Czech
Republic
1. Behavioural change
2. Renovation of heating systems
3. Renovation of building envelope30
No
Denmark
1. Awareness-raising
2. Switching to energy saving devices
3. Moving over to energy efficient construction
4. Optimising land use
5. Renovation of buildings
6. Operations optimisation
No
Finland
1. Penalties and bonuses in contracts with property man-
agement companies
2. Raising awareness of building users
3. Building renovation
4. Technical operational guidance and remote monitoring
5. Inspections of down time electricity use
6. Space efficiency improvements
7. Rental contracts being renewed will take the form of
Green Lease contracts.
8. Energy efficiency for central government entities in op-
eration in 2014
Yes (for each in-
dividual meas-
ure)
France
Existing measures already planned to achieve the objec-
tives of the “Grenelle de l’Environnement”. These includes:
Renovation of envelope and technical building sys-
tems;
Behavioural change of occupants; and
Reduction of area and selling off.
Some indication
Germany A national ‘Energy refurbishment roadmap for Federal
Government properties’ (ESB)31
No
Ireland Large scale behavioural change campaign. Yes (savings are
achieved by one
single measure)
Italy
1. Renovation of technical systems (heating, cooling, light-
ing)
2. Renovation of technical systems and renovation of the
building envelope
3. Deep renovations
No
Malta
1. New energy efficient lighting systems
2. Smart meter installations
3. Energy Management systems: control of Air Condition-
No
29
Information from the Croatian National Energy Efficiency Action Plan,
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2013_hr_article5_hr.pdf
30
From Czech Republic National Energy Efficiency Action Plan, page 30,
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/sites/ener/files/documents/2014_neeap_cs_czech-republic.pdf
31
Germany National Energy Efficiency Action Plan, page 57, available at
http://ec.europa.eu/energy/efficiency/eed/doc/neep/2014_neeap_en_germany.pdf
20. 20
ings (ACs) and lighting, dimmers etc.
4. Replacement of ACs to inverter integrated ACs
5. Replacement of fluorescent tubes to LEDs
6. Sustainable procurement of appliances and equipment
7. PVs installation for own consumption
8. SWH installation
9. Behavioural change such as the reallocation of employ-
ees in offices and habitual behaviour of employees
10.Roof and wall insulation/double glazing or glass tinting
11.Other measures included in ‘minimum energy perform-
ance requirements’
The Nether-
lands
1. The Government Buildings Agency will continue the re-
alisation of 2% energy savings per year through sus-
tainable procurement, optimising and tuning of energy
installations or the deployment of ESCOs and energy
performance contracting
2. The Ministry of Defence will continue the implementa-
tion of recommended energy savings measures from
the Energy Performance Advice
No
Poland
1. Fulfilling MEPRs
2. Support for energy efficiency and renewables in the
public and housing sectors
3. Raising awareness and thermal modernisation projects
supported by the National Fund for Environmental Pro-
tection and Water Management
4. Use of renewable energy in buildings used by public en-
tities
5. Handbook with best practices to improve energy effi-
ciency available on a website
Only for some
measures
Portugal
1. Identification of local energy manager responsible for
promoting energy efficiency measures
2. Energy services contracting
3. Implementation of an energy efficiency action plan
No
Slovakia
1. Improving energy efficiency in buildings (including
thermal modernisation as well as renovation of technical
building systems)
2. Energy audits
3. Behavioural change of occupants
No
Sweden
No measures specified. The notification says that regula-
tion providing details will follow at a later stage.
No
UK
Several existing schemes such as:
The Greening Government Commitments in the UK
The 2013 Carbon Management Plan for Scotland
The Climate Change Strategy for Wales
No
6.3 Annex XIV: Article 5 reporting obligation in annual reports
While Member States had to provide details of the alternative measures planned in the notifi-
cations, the information on the energy savings achieved each year needs to be included in
their Annual Report (Annex XIV, part 1(d)). However, as already explained in section 5.3,
there is an inconsistency between the start date of the obligation (1 January 2014) and the
first reporting deadline (April 2014) as Member States cannot report on the energy savings
achieved in 2013 when the obligation only starts in 2014.
21. 21
6.4 Conclusions: alternative approach
For most of the Member States that have selected the alternative approach, the equivalence
with the default approach is unclear or questionable. This is because only 4 Member States re-
port and correctly calculate cumulative annual savings for 2014-2020 and the others just re-
port annual targets or cumulative annual savings in 2020 (or no target at all as for Czech Re-
public and Germany). The alternative measures that Member States are planning to put in
place are most of the time not planned in a systematic way and they are not part of a compre-
hensive strategy to reduce the energy consumption of the public buildings.
7. Estimation of the impacts of Article 5
The renovation rate of the existing building stock is only about 1% per year in Europe. The
main purpose of Article 5 is to accelerate the renovation rate, at least for the central govern-
ment buildings, by setting a renovation target. However, the total energy saved by this article
is expected to be rather low. Article 5 covers only a small proportion of buildings, those that
are owned and occupied by the central government, de facto excluding rented buildings or
even buildings that are not directly occupied by central government such as schools, hospitals,
or lower tiers of government at regional and local level.
An estimation of the impact of Article 5 for 2014, the first year of its application is given below.
However, this estimation is based on Member States’ plans, not on reported data of renova-
tions, or alternative measures that have already happened. These will become available in the
Annual Reports due in April 2015 and later years. The estimation of impact is expressed in
square metres expected to be renovated for those countries using the default approach, and in
expected energy savings for those countries using the alternative approach.
For the 11 countries that have decided to use the default approach to renovate 3% of the floor
area of central government buildings, the reported plans for renovations add up to a maximum
of 1,064,057 m2
in 2014. Six Member States (Cyprus, Estonia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Slovenia
and Spain) provided information on the floor area to be renovated in 2014. For the remaining
Member States (Bulgaria, Greece, Hungary, Latvia and Romania) this information is the result
of our own calculation. The calculations probably lead to an overestimation of the area to be
renovated, as Member States only need to renovate the floor area that does not meet MEPRs,
while the inventories did not provide full information whether the buildings listed were only
those not meeting the MEPRs. Moreover, not all inventories clearly indicate the total number of
buildings owned and occupied by the central government, versus other levels of government.
Table 5 - Planned floor area renovation for countries using the default approach
Floor area (m2
) planned
to be renovated in 2014
Source
Bulgaria
≤ 225 668 Own-calculation based on NEEAP infor-
mation
Cyprus 18 500 Information provided in the CA report
Estonia 45 000 NEEAP
Greece
≤ 9 291 Own-calculation from inventory
Hungary
≤ 57 000 Own-calculation based on EED notifica-
tion
Latvia ≤ 77 679 Own calculation based on NEEAP infor-
mation
Lithuania 66 703 NEEAP
Luxemburg
4 785 EED notification
22. 22
Romania
≤ 202 175 Own-calculation from inventory
Slovenia
21 249 NEEAP
Spain
336 007 NEEAP
TOTAL
≤ 1 064 057
The planned savings in 2014 resulting from the alternative measures of those Member States
opting for the alternative approach add up to roughly 285 GWh (this excludes Germany and
Czech Republic as they did not communicate any target).
Table 6 - Planned energy savings from alternative measures in 2014
Expected Savings for 2014 (GWh) Source
Austria 12.3 Notification
Belgium 0.0028 Own-calculation from notification
Croatia 1.4 Notification
Czech Republic - -
Denmark 23.2 Annex to notification
Finland 1.3 Notification
France 141.4 Notification
Germany - -
Ireland 1.3 Notification
Italy 17 Notification
Malta 0.08 Notification
Netherlands 28.7 Own-calculation from notification
Poland 2.1 Notification
Portugal 0.6
Slovakia 1.8 Own-calculation
Sweden 3.2 Notification
UK 63.3 Notification
TOTAL 285
Finally, in addition to the impact in terms of energy saved, the raison d’être of this article is
also to be found in showcasing exemplary renovations of central government buildings: even a
single state-of-the art renovation of an iconic public building could create awareness among
citizens about energy efficiency in buildings and could indirectly contribute to increase house-
hold renovations. However, from the plans it is not possible to evaluate, or quantify, these
positive spill-over effects on private renovations.
In conclusion, the impact of the implementation of Article 5, according to Member States’
plans, is expected to be very limited for 2014. This is not only due to plans that show poor
compliance with the Article 5 requirements, but also to a general lack of ambition of the article
itself because of its limited scope.
23. 23
8. Conclusions
The main objective of the EED Article 5 is to ensure that public buildings play an exemplary
role in building renovations. The obligation to renovate central government buildings, together
with the national building renovation strategy (EED Article 4), should pave the way and kick-
start the market for a large-scale renovation of the whole building stock. However, due to cut-
ting back the requirement through the legislative process that led to the EED adoption from all
publically owned buildings to only buildings owned and occupied by central governments, and
failure of Member States to go beyond the bare legal minimum, this exemplary role will not be
fulfilled. Therefore the article must be strengthened.
This report illustrates that actions planned and taken so far at the national level for most coun-
tries fall short of what is needed and that additional guidance from the Commission, as well as
increased attention towards compliance, cannot be delayed any longer.
All 28 Member States have submitted a notification on Article 5, have made publicly available
an inventory of central government buildings, or have described their approach to Article 5 in
their NEEAPs. 1132
countries plan to use the default approach33
, while 1734
plan to use the al-
ternative approach35
. Member States that have chosen the alternative approach have clearly
selected the option of compliance that, by its nature, allows them to have more flexibility.
The inventories of national public building stock are crucial to calculate the 3% renovation tar-
get, or to serve as a basis for calculating the equivalence with the default approach. It is dis-
appointing to see that, while countries provide lists of central government buildings, informa-
tion on their energy performance is often lacking or incomplete.
For 13 countries, among the 17 countries that have selected the alternative approach, the
equivalence with the default approach is unclear or questionable. This is because only 4 Mem-
ber States report and correctly calculate cumulative annual savings for 2014-2020 and the
others just report annual targets or cumulative annual savings in 2020 (or no target at all as
for Czech Republic and Germany). In addition, the reported alternative measures do not seem
to be part of a coherent programme for a systematic renovation of the central government
building stock.
Information is scattered over several documents (Article 5 notifications, NEEAPs, public inven-
tories published on national websites, EED implementation reports under the Concerted Action
and even in notifications on Article 7) which makes monitoring implementation a challenge.
32
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Estonia, Greece, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Romania, Slovenia and
Spain
33
The default approach requires Member States to renovate 3% of the floor area annually up to the rele-
vant MEPRs.
34
Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy , Malta,
Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Sweden and The United Kingdom
35
Member States may take an alternative approach, by taking other cost-effective measures, including
deep renovations and measures for behavioural change of occupants, to achieve, by 2020 the same
amount of energy savings that would be achieved when renovating 3% of the government buildings stock
annually.
24. 24
Article 5 of the EED has the following flaws, which make monitoring of progress very difficult:
The default approach does not require Member States to communicate a plan for reno-
vation. This means that, combined with often incomplete inventories, there is very little
information on how those countries will implement the article.
The countries that have selected the default approach only report their plans in term of
square metres to be renovated, not in terms of energy to be saved. The countries using
the alternative approach report in terms of energy saved, but in most cases the equiva-
lence with the default approach cannot be demonstrated. For these reasons the energy
savings from this Article are hard to quantify.
The impact of this Article, and its contribution to make the public buildings play an exemplary
role, is questionable: its scope in terms of both buildings covered (buildings that are owned
and occupied by central government) and level of renovation required (at least to MEPRs) is
extremely limited.
9. Recommendations
As this report shows, most of the inventories and notifications do not put Member States on
track for a good implementation of Article 5 of the Energy Efficiency Directive and, therefore,
Member States urgently need to step up efforts. The implementation of Article 5 lies within the
exclusive responsibility of the national governments, so it is an issue of political will to make it
happen.
In the context of a revision of the Energy Efficiency Directive, this article could be further clari-
fied and strengthened to facilitate its implementation as well as to ensure the public buildings
set an example and kick-start energy efficiency market as is required.
The European Commission should:
Revise Article 5 and the guidance note to clearly set out:
1) How the equivalence with the default approach should be calculated by specifying
that calculating cumulative savings over the whole period 2014-2020 should be
taken into account.
2) How Member State using the alternative approach should spread the measures and
the savings across the period. In particular, cumulative savings in 2020 should be
achieved to ensure that the bulk of the annual savings are still persisting in the fi-
nal year of the obligation.
Ensure that Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland,
Malta, the Netherlands, Poland, Portugal, Sweden and UK revise and update their calcu-
lations and targets in the notifications to prove or clarify equivalence with the default
approach.
Continuously monitor progress on implementation of Article 5 closely, particularly by
using the Annual Reports to assess and evaluate Member States’ progress.
Facilitate best practice exchange on Article 5, both between Member States and be-
tween Member States and stakeholders.
Use the review of the EED in 2016 as an opportunity to ensure the objective of the arti-
cle is achieved by strengthening it to:
Enlarge the scope of application to all public buildings, not only to central gov-
ernment buildings;
25. 25
Require renovation of central government buildings to be deep renovations, not
just in line with MEPRs;
Require inventories to be developed for all Member States including those that
use the alternative approach;
Introduce clear criteria for the alternative approach that define eligibility of the
alternative measures, in line with Article 7.9 and Annex V of the EED;
Require energy savings and renovation plans for Member States opting for the
default approach. At this moment they only have to report on the renovated
floor area;
Base energy performance information exclusively on EPCs, which should in prin-
ciple contain information on MEPRs as well as recommendations for improving
the efficiency of the building;
Clarify the reporting requirements for countries choosing the alternative ap-
proach by requiring annual savings, cumulative savings in the year 2020 and
cumulative savings over the whole period 2014-2020 to be reported; and
Make a clear link with EED Article 4 to ensure that renovations of public buildings
are taken into consideration within the long term renovation strategies.
Streamline and broaden the provisions of the EPBD and EED when it comes to issuing
an EPC for public buildings. According to the EPBD, an EPC needs to be issued for build-
ings that are occupied by a public authority and frequently visited by the public; there-
fore, there are buildings that are covered by EED Article 5 that are not required to have
an EPC, such as buildings owned and occupied by a central government, but not visited
by the public.
To ensure full compliance with Article 5 Member States should:
The 13 Member States opting for the alternative approach that have not calculated the
equivalence with the default approach over the whole period 2014-2020, must commu-
nicate this figure to the Commission as soon as possible.
The UK should urgently communicate its energy savings for the year 2020 as those are
missing from its notification.
Germany should urgently communicate its energy savings target for 2014-2020.
The Czech Republic should urgently send a notification to the Commission on its choice
of an alternative approach, as to date it has only communicated about Article 5 in its
NEEAP.
The 9 countries, opting for the default approach, that did provide incomplete data in
their inventories should make publicly available the complete inventories as soon as
possible.
To improve and maximise the impact of Article 5, Member States should consider to:
Use Article 5 as an incentive to upgrade the government building stock, and use this as
a learning lab for deep renovations in other parts of the building stock.
Enlarge the scope of application to all public buildings, not only to central government
buildings and include as well buildings of regional and local authorities.
26. 26
Develop an inventory that includes EPCs for each building, as a starting point to plan
renovation strategies; an inventory provides the basis for a clear picture of the building
stock and facilitates planning of well-tailored and more effective policies.
Make a clear link with EED Article 4 to ensure that renovations of public buildings are
taken into consideration within the long term renovation strategies.
Work with energy efficiency and building stakeholders to mobilise capacities, increase
the quality and support for these renovations and use this to mobilise the private sec-
tor.
Move from viewing energy efficiency as a “burden”, to recognition that “energy effi-
ciency first” is the policy that will allow, not only the public sector, but as well EU busi-
nesses and consumers to have affordable, secure and sustainable energy.
27. 27
Annex I – Questionnaire
I INTRODUCTION
1. Will your country comply with Art.5 by using the default approach or the alternative ap-
proach?
Default
Alternative
Both
2. Is the implementation of Art.5 included into national law, or into a specific programme, or
in another way? Please specify
Open
3. Is there a specific budget line or financing programme available in the country to meet
Art.5 requirements?
Yes
No
Not clear
4. If yes, please specify the source (Cohesion funding, national budget, other) and amount of
budget available (annual and/or total)
Open
5. Is it mentioned in the report that the renovation of central government buildings will con-
tinue past 2020? Please explain.
Open.
If your country opts for the default approach please continue with the next section (section II
Default Approach)
If your country opts for the alternative approach please continue with section III (Alternative
Approach)
II Default approach
6. Does the “default approach” apply to central government buildings, or also other govern-
ment buildings?
Central government;
Regional government;
Local government;
Buildings (also) rented by central government;
Other;
Specify
7. What is the surface area (in m²) that your country plans to renovate each year?
Open
8. Is the surface area equivalent to the requirement of 3% of the total floor area as men-
tioned in Article 5 (1)?
28. 28
Yes
No
If no, what is the annual renovation target?
Open
9. Is the total floor area on which the 3% should be calculated estimated in the correct way?
Yes
No
Unknown
9.a If no, what is the annual renovation target?
Open
9.b If no, what is the problem?
Open
10. Which parts of the flexibility mechanism Art. 5(3)(4) does your country use
Surplus of renovated area accounted in another year;
Count towards the annual rate new buildings;
Count towards the annual rate buildings sold, demolished or taken out of use;
None;
Not clear
11. How much energy savings is the 3% renovation target expected to deliver? (please include
unit)
Open
12. Is the inventory of central government buildings publicly available?
Yes
No
Do not know
12.a. Please add weblink or attach document
Open
13. Is the inventory extended to non-central-government public buildings (i.e. regional and lo-
cal public buildings)?
Yes
No
Do not know
14. Is the inventory comprehensive?
Yes
No
14.a If not, which data is lacking?
Open
29. 29
15. Does the inventory contain information about: (tick boxes)
.. the energy performance of each building?;
.. the energy performance certificate being used as the basis of mapping out what
are the buildings that do not meet the MEPR?;
.. the floor area of each building?
16. To what level are the relevant building planned to be renovated?
In line with MEPRs
Above MEPRs
Deep renovation
NZEB
Other
17. If the answer to question 16 is deep renovation or Nearly Zero-Energy Buildings, please
provide more details
Open
18. Does your country prioritize action in the buildings with the poorest energy performance as
a priority?
Yes
No
Not clear
18.a If yes, how this is being done?
Open
Please continue with section IV (Other Information)
III Alternative approach
19. Does the report include a section on how the country opting for the alternative measures is
establishing equivalence with the default approach?
Yes
No
Do not know
20. Is the equivalence calculated on the basis of an estimation of the surface of the stock and
use standard values to be applied to reference buildings (Art 5.6)?
on the basis of estimation
standard values
no
not clear
21. On which page of the report is information on the methodology provided?
Open
22. What is the annual renovation target (in percentage)?
Open
23 How much energy savings is the renovation target expected to deliver? (please include
unit)
30. 30
Open
24. Is an inventory of central government buildings publicly available (even if not compulsory
under the alternative approach, it can be used to calculate equivalence)?
Yes
No
Do not know
Please provide web link, or attach inventory.
Open
25. Which parts of the flexibility mechanism Art. 5(3)(4) does your country use
surplus of renovated area accounted in another year;
count towards the annual rate new buildings;
count towards the annual rate buildings sold, demolished or taken out of use;
None;
not clear
26. What are the alternative measures that have been chosen?
Deep Renovation
Behavioural Change
Other
Open
27. If deep renovation, please explain how this is defined and how these are carried out. If
measures encouraging behavioural change or other measures, please specify
Open
IV Other information
28. Does your country plan to link the obligation under Art. 5 with Art. 4 on long-term renova-
tion roadmaps, Art. 7 (1,5% end-use savings target) and/or financing from the Cohesion
and Structural funds?
Art. 4;
Art. 7;
Financing from the Cohesion and Structural Funds
28.a If yes, please explain the link
Open
29. Overall, do you consider this to be a convincing plan on how your country plans to imple-
ment the obligation under Art. 5?
Yes
No
Do not know
29.a Please explain
Open
31. 31
30. Does your organization, or any other organization you know of, plan to follow implementa-
tion of your country plan?
Open
30. a If yes, please elaborate
Open
31. Anything else that you consider relevant/remarkable/disappointing?
Open
32. 32
Annex II – List of organisations who contributed to the
analysis
BPIE
Chance4Buildings
Climate Action Network Europe (CAN Europe)
CEE Bankwatch Network
Consultion OÜ, Estonia
FOCUS Slovenia
Coalition for Energy Savings
European Alliance for companies for energy efficiency in buildings (EuroACE)
European Climate Foundation (ECF)
Green Liberty Latvia
MEHI
Quercus Portugal
Réseau pour la transition énergétique (CLER) France
ROCKWOOL UAB, Lithuania
ROCKWOOL Adriatic d.o.o., Croatia
ROCKWOOL International A/S
Slovak Green Building Council
The Danish Ecological Council
WWF Austria
WWF Denmark
WWF European Policy Office
WWF Finland
WWF Spain
WWF UK
33. 33
Annex III – Relevant legal text in the EED
Article 5
Exemplary role of public bodies’ buildings
1. Without prejudice to Article 7 of Directive 2010/31/EU, each Member State shall ensure that, as from 1 January
2014, 3 % of the total floor area of heated and/or cooled buildings owned and occupied by its central government is
renovated each year to meet at least the minimum energy performance requirements that it has set in application of Ar-
ticle 4 of Directive 2010/31/EU.
The 3 % rate shall be calculated on the total floor area of buildings with a total useful floor area over 500 m2
owned and
occupied by the central government of the Member State concerned that, on 1 January of each year, do not meet the
national minimum energy performance requirements set in application of Article 4 of Directive 2010/31/EU. That
threshold shall be lowered to 250 m2
as of 9 July 2015.
Where a Member State requires that the obligation to renovate each year 3 % of the total floor area extends to floor area
owned and occupied by administrative departments at a level below central government, the 3 % rate shall be calculated
on the total floor area of buildings with a total useful floor area over 500 m2
and, as of 9 July 2015, over 250 m2
owned
and occupied by central government and by these administrative departments of the Member State concerned that, on 1
January of each year, do not meet the national minimum energy performance requirements set in application of Article
4 of Directive 2010/31/EU.
When implementing measures for the comprehensive renovation of central government buildings in accordance with
the first subparagraph, Member States may choose to consider the building as a whole, including the building envelope,
equipment, operation and maintenance.
Member States shall require that central government buildings with the poorest energy performance be a priority for
energy efficiency measures, where cost-effective and technically feasible.
2. Member States may decide not to set or apply the requirements referred to in paragraph 1 to the following categories
of buildings:
(a) buildings officially protected as part of a designated environment, or because of their special architectural or his-
torical merit, in so far as compliance with certain minimum energy performance requirements would unacceptably
alter their character or appearance;
(b) buildings owned by the armed forces or central government and serving national defence purposes, apart from sin-
gle living quarters or office buildings for the armed forces and other staff employed by national defence authorities;
(c) buildings used as places of worship and for religious activities.
3. If a Member State renovates more than 3 % of the total floor area of central government buildings in a given year, it
may count the excess towards the annual renovation rate of any of the three previous or following years.
34. 34
4. Member States may count towards the annual renovation rate of central government buildings new buildings occu-
pied and owned as replacements for specific central government buildings demolished in any of the two previous years,
or buildings that have been sold, demolished or taken out of use in any of the two previous years due to more intensive
use of other buildings.
5. For the purposes of paragraph 1, by 31 December 2013, Member States shall establish and make publicly available
an inventory of heated and/or cooled central government buildings with a total useful floor area over 500 m2
and, as of
9 July 2015, over 250 m2
, excluding buildings exempted on the basis of paragraph 2. The inventory shall contain the
following data:
(a) the floor area in m2
; and
(b) the energy performance of each building or relevant energy data.
6. Without prejudice to Article 7 of Directive 2010/31/EU, Member States may opt for an alternative approach to
paragraphs 1 to 5 of this Article, whereby they take other cost-effective measures, including deep renovations and
measures for behavioural change of occupants, to achieve, by 2020, an amount of energy savings in eligible buildings
owned and occupied by their central government that is at least equivalent to that required in paragraph 1, reported on
an annual basis.
For the purpose of the alternative approach, Member States may estimate the energy savings that paragraphs 1 to 4
would generate by using appropriate standard values for the energy consumption of reference central government build-
ings before and after renovation and according to estimates of the surface of their stock. The categories of reference
central government buildings shall be representative of the stock of such buildings.
Member States opting for the alternative approach shall notify to the Commission, by 31 December 2013, the alterna-
tive measures that they plan to adopt, showing how they would achieve an equivalent improvement in the energy per-
formance of the buildings within the central government estate.
7. Member States shall encourage public bodies, including at regional and local level, and social housing bodies gov-
erned by public law, with due regard for their respective competences and administrative set-up, to:
(a) adopt an energy efficiency plan, freestanding or as part of a broader climate or environmental plan, containing spe-
cific energy saving and efficiency objectives and actions, with a view to following the exemplary role of central
government buildings laid down in paragraphs 1, 5 and 6;
(b) put in place an energy management system, including energy audits, as part of the implementation of their plan;
(c) use, where appropriate, energy service companies, and energy performance contracting to finance renovations and
implement plans to maintain or improve energy efficiency in the long term.
35. 35
ANNEX XIV
GENERAL FRAMEWORK FOR REPORTING
[…]
The second and subsequent reports shall also include points (b) to (e):
[…]
(c) the total building floor area of the buildings with a total useful floor area over 500 m2
and as of 9 July 2015
over 250 m2
owned and occupied by the Member States’ central government that, on 1 January of the year
in which the report is due, did not meet the energy performance requirements referred to in Article 5(1);
(d) the total building floor area of heated and/or cooled buildings owned and occupied by the Member States’
central government that was renovated in the previous year referred to in Article 5(1) or the amount of energy
savings in eligible buildings owned and occupied by their central government as referred to in Article 5(6);