2. -URIA: URINE CONDITION
Examples:
glycosuria (glycos/o = sugar, -uria = urine
condition):
• Having a high level of sugar excreted
in the urine.
polyuria (poly- = many, -uria = urine
condition):
• Condition of producing an excessive
amount of urine.
3. GLYCOSURIA
(glycos/o = sugar, -uria = urine condition):
• Having a high level of sugar excreted in the
urine.
• Glycosuria is usually related to diabetes
mellitus, but may be a result of a problem with
the kidneys ability to reabsorb glucose. This
condition is called renal glycosuria.
• Causes of glycosuria:
• Diabetes mellitus
• Pregnancy
• Hyperthyroidism
• High sugar diet
• Raised intracranial pressure
• Cirrhosis of the liver
• Heightened emotions
4. POLYURIA
(poly- = many, -uria = urine condition):
• Condition of producing an excessive
amount of urine.
• Excessive urination per day for an adult
is considered more than 2.5 liters of
urine.
• Common causes:
• Diabetes insipidus
• Diabetes mellitus
• Drinking excessive amounts of water
• Other causes:
• Kidney failure
• Medications (diuretics and lithium)
• High or low calcium level in the body
• Drinking alcohol and caffeine
• Sickle cell anemia
5. -EMIA:
BLOOD CONDITION
Examples:
hyperglycemia (hyper- = excessive, glyc/o =
sugar, -emia = blood condition):
• Condition of having a high level of sugar
in the blood; associated with diabetes
mellitus.
hyperkalemia (hyper- = excessive, kal/i =
potassium, -emia = blood condition):
• The condition of having a high level of
potassium in the blood.
6. -EMIA: BLOOD CONDITION
Examples:
hypocalcemia (hypo- = insufficient, calc/o = calcium,
-emia = blood condition):
• The condition of having a low level of calcium in
the blood; associated with the hyposecretion of
parathyroid hormone. Hypocalcemia may result in
tetany.
hyponatremia (hypo- = insufficient, natr/o = sodium,
-emia = blood condition):
• Condition of having a low level of sodium in the
blood.
7. HYPERGLYCEMIA
(hyper- = excessive, glyc/o = sugar, -emia =
blood condition):
• Condition of having a high level of
sugar in the blood; associated with
diabetes mellitus.
• Other causes can include pancreatitis,
Cushing’s syndrome, unusual hormone
secreting tumors, pancreatic cancer,
certain medications and severe
illnesses.
• Main symptoms are an increase in
thirst and a frequent need to urinate.
8. HYPERKALEMIA
(hyper- = excessive, kal/i = potassium, -emia =
blood condition):
• The condition of having a high level of
potassium in the blood.
• Having a blood potassium level higher
than 7.0 mmol/L can be dangerous and
requires immediate treatment.
• Hyperkalemia is a potentially life-
threatening disorder and can cause:
• Muscle fatigue
• Weakness
• Paralysis
• Arrhythmias
• Nausea
• The most common causes are both related to
the kidneys; acute kidney failure and chronic
kidney disease.
9. HYPOCALCEMIA
(hypo- = insufficient, calc/o = calcium, -emia = blood condition):
• The condition of having a low level of calcium in the blood; associated with
the hyposecretion of parathyroid hormone.
• Hypocalcemia may result in tetany.
• Some people don’t have any symptoms or signs of hypocalcemia.
• Adults who display symptoms may experience muscle stiffness, muscle
spasms, paresthesia, or feelings of pins and needles in the extremities,
changes in mood, such as anxiety, depression, or irritability, memory
issues, hypotension, difficulty speaking or swallowing, fatigue,
parkinsonism, papilledema, or swelling of the optic disc.
• The symptoms of severe hypocalcemia are:
• seizures
• Arrhythmias
• congestive heart failure
• laryngospasms, or seizures of the voice box
• Long term symptoms of hypocalcemia include:
• dry skin
• brittle nails
• kidney stones or other calcium deposits in the body
• dementia
• cataracts
• eczema
10. HYPONATREMIA
(hypo- = insufficient, natr/o = sodium, -emia = blood condition):
• Condition of having a low level of sodium in the blood.
• Sodium is an electrolyte that aids in the regulation of the amount of water in and around
cells.
• Factors such as an underlying medical conditions or drinking too much water can cause
the sodium concentration within the body to become diluted. This increases the body’s
water levels, which causes the cells to swell. The swelling can cause health issues
ranging from mild to lethal.
11. SOURCES
Conrad Stöppler, M. (2017, October 7). Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar). Retrieved from MedicineNet.com:
http://www.medicinenet.com/hyperglycemia/article.htm
Fremgen, B. F., & Frucht, S. S. (2016). Medical Terminology; A Living Language. SIxth edition. Pearson Education,
Inc.
Mayo Clinic Staff. (2017). Diseases and Conditions: Hyponatremia. Retrieved from Mayo Clinic:
http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hyponatremia/basics/definition/con-20031445
Mayo Clinic Staff. (2017). Symptoms: High potassium (hyperkalemia). Retrieved from Mayo Clinic:
http://www.mayoclinic.org/symptoms/hyperkalemia/basics/when-to-see-doctor/sym-20050776
Medindia Medical Review Team. (2015, September 15). Glycosuria. Retrieved from Medindia:
http://www.medindia.net/patients/patientinfo/glycosuria.htm
Skugor, M. (2014, May). Hypocalcemia. Retrieved from Cleveland Clinic- Center for Continuing Education:
http://www.clevelandclinicmeded.com/medicalpubs/diseasemanagement/endocrinology/hypocalcemia/
Sobol, J. (2015, August 31). Urination - excessive amount. Retrieved from MedlinePlus:
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/003146.htm
Weatherspoon, D. (2016, July 11). Hypocalcemia. Retrieved from Healthline:
http://www.healthline.com/health/hypocalcemia#overview1
