This document discusses ecology, the study of interactions between living and non-living components of the environment. It covers the following key points: Ecology studies both abiotic (non-living) factors like climate, hydrology, and geology, as well as biotic (living) factors like animal behavior, taxonomy, and physiology. Ecological organization occurs at multiple levels from the biosphere down to individual organisms. The document then focuses on mealy bugs, small insects that feed on plant juices, discussing their life cycle, means of movement, relationship with ants, and damage caused to plants. Moss is also briefly described as a flowerless, spore-producing plant with weak stems and rhizoids.

1. -Ecology is study of interactions between
non-living components in the environment
- light
- water
- wind
- nutrients in soil
- heat
- solar radiation
- atmosphere

2. Studying of Ecology
* For non-living
(abiotic)
- Climatology
- Hydrology
- Oceanography
- Physics
- Chemistry
- Geology
- soil analysis
* For living
(biotic)
- animal
behavior
- Taxonomy
- Physiology
-mathematics
(population
studies)

3. Levels of Organization
of Ecology
* Biosphere
– Surface of the earth
– Composed of many ecosystems
* Ecosystem
– Large or small as we decide.
* Population
– one species live in one place at one time
* Community
– All populations (diff. species) that live in a particular area.
*Habitat
– physical location of community
*Organism
– simplest level of organization

6. The place we chose

7. Sketch of our site

9. What is Mealy Bug
- Insect in the family
Pserdococcidae
- Found in moist and warm climate
- Pest which feed on juice of
plants
- Adult is about 2-5mm long
- 12-15 Generation per year

10. Life Cycle
- Reproduction in mealy bug is mostly parthenogenetic.
- Mature female lays eggs in ovisacs
- Each ovisac contains 150- 600 eggs, majority of
which are female.
- Eggs hatch in 3 to 9 days into nymphs called
‘crawlers’, which are very mobile
- Individual mealy bug take 25- 30 days to grow into
adults under normal conditions.
- There are 12- 15 generations in a year.
- The insect remain active and reproduce round the
year in warm climate

12. How they move ?

13. Mealy Bug and Ants
- Mealy Bug provide surgary
secretion (honeydew) for ants as
food.
- Ants helps to spread mealy bug
in return
- Ants keep mealy bug colony
clean from detritus

14. Damage

16. What is Moss ?
- Flowerless
- Spore-producing plant
- Moss stems are fairly weak
- All mosses have rhizoids

20. FEEL

21. SEE

25. What I’ve experienced and
learnt after the trip
- Appreciate whatever we have now
- Don’t destroy the nature, don’t throw rubbish
anywhere
- To read the brief first before any project
- Save endangered species
- Do not waste food, water and electricity
- Do not pollute the wonderful air

26. What I’ve learnt after the
presentation
- Work by following the brief
- Make a proper plan before the presentation
- Time management
- As a leader, I’ve experienced and learnt the role of
leading the team and also my responsibility
- Work well as a team, one man cannot do a good
job
- Learnt to accept others ideas and combine
- Reduce colours in info graphic, don’t make it
messy but simple