Employment Trends Survey 2012

Ma Foi Randstad
2012
Employment Trends Survey

in this report...

Indian Economy – Improved outlook with pockets of concern
?
? methodology
Data and
? of employment generation in different sectors
Estimates

? Financial Services and Insurance
Banking,
Education, Training and Consultancy
?
Energy
?
Healthcare
?
Hospitality
?
Information Technology & Information Technology Enabled Services
?
Manufacturing - Machinery and Equipment
?
Manufacturing - Non-Machinery Products
?
Media and Entertainment
?
Pharma
?
Real Estate and Construction
?
Trade including Consumer, Retail and Services
?
Transport, Storage and Communication
?

Concluding Remarks
?
Appendix
?

A1: Expected Increase in Employment across Different Sectors
A2: Expected Increase in Salary across Different Sectors - Lateral Job Shift
A3: Composition of New Hires by Experience
A4: Composition of New Hires by Functional Areas
A5: Share of Different Hiring Sources for New Hires
A6: City-wise Growth in Employment
A7: City-wise Likely Increase in Salary - Lateral Job Shift
A8 : City-wise Share of Different Experience Brackets amongst New Hires
A9: City-wise Share of Different Functional Areas amongst New Hires

The Ma Foi Randstad Employment Trends Survey (MEtS), conducted by Ma Foi Randstad - India’s No. 1 Integrated HR services company, is a
study on the Indian employment trends and opportunities. Starting from November 2004 till 2008, MEtS was conducted once a year.
Considering several shifts in employment dynamics even within a year’s time, MEtS was converted into a quarterly survey from 2010 to
capture the changes in employment scenario in India from one quarter to another.

The primary objective of this employment survey is to understand the employment trends in the organized sector on a quarterly basis. The
present survey captures the employment situation in the organized sector during the fourth quarter of Calendar Year 2011 (from October to
December 2011) and the likely scenario in the first quarter of the Calendar Year 2012 (January to March 2012). The study results are based
on a survey in December 2011 of 639 sample companies spread across 13 different sectors. The feedback was gathered from the top HR
personnel or top management of the companies, who could share valuable insights on employment related issues. The major focus of the
survey is to estimate the changes in employment scenario across sectors and space. The other issues highlighted in the survey are changes in
salary in case of lateral hiring, recruitments for different experience categories and hiring for different functional roles.

The report is presented in four sections. The first section (Section A) discusses the recent trends and an overall view of the Indian Economy. It
is followed by Section B which provides insights about the data and methodological aspects of the study. Section C presents a picture of the
changing pattern of employment in different sectors of the economy. A snapshot of the changing scenario in 8 selected cities is also given in
this section. The final section (Section D) concludes the study highlighting key issues.

Indian Economy
improved outlook
with pockets of concern

According to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, the Indian On the back of the improving inflation scenario, RBI has also
economy is expected to grow at around 7% in the financial indicated a halt in the repo rate increase. It last raised the
year 2011-12, lower than the December projection of 7.5%. repo rate by 25 basis points in October 2011 to 8.50%.
According to Mr. Montek Singh Ahluwalia, Deputy Over the previous 9 months it had raised the rate by 200
Chairman, Planning Commission, even though the 12th plan basis points, starting from 6.25% at beginning of the year.
target annual growth rate of 9% is still feasible, it is now If the declining trend of inflation continues, RBI is expected
more difficult to achieve than six months ago. to start reducing the interest rate beginning Q1 of FY 2012-
13. Credit Suisse expects a 125 basis points decline in repo
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of India grew by 7.7% in rate over the FY 2012-13.
Q1, 2011-12 period, as compared to 8.8% growth rate for
Q1, 2010-11. The year on year growth rate fell further to In contrast to the declining trend in food inflation, the fuel
6.9% in Q2. The sectors that did well in Q2 of 2011-12 over prices are still holding out. In the week ending December
corresponding period of the previous year are electricity, gas 24, fuel inflation marginally accelerated to 14.6% as
and water supply (9.8%), trade, hotels, transport and compared to 14.4% a week earlier. On the demand side,
communication (9.9%) and financial sector (including real the growth story of the United States, Europe and other
estate) (10.5%). Construction sector grew at 4.3%, major economies are expected to remain weak, dampening
followed by agriculture at 3.2% and manufacturing at their oil consumption. U.S. dollar is also likely to continue its
measly 2.7%. strong trend, helping to keep the price in check. However,
there is rising tension between US/Europe and Iran in recent
The major drag for the economy was the decline in mining times. United States and Europe have been campaigning to
sector GDP by 2.9% in Q2, along with the significant fall in choke off Iran's oil export, and isolating its central bank.
the growth of manufacturing sector. The IIP data for Q2, Although US and Europe have been talking with alternative
2011-12 showed a decline by 2.7% for the mining industry suppliers, especially the other Gulf producers, doubts have
output, which was much lower than the 6.3% growth been raised regarding their capacity to completely replace
registered in Q2, 2010-11. Manufacturing output grew only Iran's supply on a sustained basis. This uncertainty has led to
at 3.1%, which was again lesser than half the Q2, 2010-11 an increase in the oil prices, mainly due to supply concerns,
growth rate of 7.4%. Electricity production did better in spite of absence of any spurt in demand.
comparatively, growing at a much higher 10.5% in Q2 The adverse effect of rising fuel prices on Indian economy
2011-12 vis-a-vis a low 2.1% in the corresponding quarter can be further exacerbated by the fall in the value of the
of previous year. One significant related development on the Rupee. Indian Rupee was the worst performer in 2011
policy front was the adoption of the New Manufacturing among Asian currencies, losing close to 20.6% against the
Policy on October 25, 2011. The New Policy envisages an U.S. dollar since August 2011. This was due to foreign
increase in the share of manufacturing in GDP, from 16% to investors pulling out of Asia's third-largest economy on
25% and creation of 100 million additional jobs in the worries over its large fiscal deficit, stubborn high inflation
manufacturing sector by 2022. The Policy also proposes to and slowing growth. According to Mr. Pranab Mukherjee,
set up seven National Investment and Manufacturing Zones Finance Minister, the pressure on Rupee will continue until
with single-window clearance and flexible labour laws. there is a suitable solution to the sovereign debt problem in
Europe. According to research firm Macquarie, there is a
Even though the overall year on year inflation remained high risk of Rupee depreciating further to 55-56 level against the
at 9.11% for November 2011, the food inflation has US dollar in the near term, although a pull back is expected
significantly dropped over the last two months. For the week in the second half of this year. A weak rupee will exert an
ending December 24, food inflation came down to negative upward pressure on overall inflation by pushing up the cost
3.4%, as prices of vegetables, onion, potato and wheat of imported items, and thereby partially offsetting a
recorded a decline. This was the first time in six years that moderation in food prices.
food inflation had shown a decline on an annual basis. It
remained on the negative zone for the subsequent three
weeks also. RBI expects inflation to moderate further to
around 7% level by March 2012.

The fall in inflation and interest rates may also be limited 238 billion to US$ 310 billion. This resulted in an increase in
due to the rising fiscal deficit, which is a result of growth the trade deficit from US$ 93 billion to US$ 117 billion. A
slowdown affecting tax revenues and derailment of PSU
divestment as a result of depressed market conditions. The
Central Government has been forced to increase its
borrowing for the FY 2011-12 by 22%, raising questions
about its ability to restrict deficit within the target figure of
4.6% of GDP. Most analysts expect India's 2011/12 federal
fiscal gap to be an almost 1 percentage point higher than
the original target.

Another important factor can be the de-leveraging risk
emanating from crisis in the Euro zone. In the event of
worsening of the European crisis, the European banks may
refuse to rollover or extend credit to Indian corporate
houses. In such a scenario, Indian banks will be required to
take the loans on their books. According to the Bank of
International Settlements (BIS), European banks' claims
against India stood at US$159 billion at the end of June
2011. This accounts for almost 55% of the total
international claims (US$289 billion) on India. According to
financial market experts, the process has already started to
some extent and has the potential to adversely affect the
domestic liquidity situation in the coming months.

Cumulative value of exports for the period April-November
in FY 2011 -12 was US$ 193 billion against US$ 145 billion
for the same period in previous year, registering a growth of
33.2%. Imports over this period grew by 30.2% from US$

Expected Employment Increase in Different Sectors - Outlook 2012

Employment Expected Increase in Employment Expected Increase in percentage
Sectors
December January - December January - March January - December January - March
2011 2012 2012 2012 2012

Banking, Financial Services and Insurance 968,055 71,605 15,657 7.4 % 1.6 %

Education, Training and Consultancy 9,886,593 87,290 23,815 0.9 % 0.2 %

Energy 924,528 30,208 7,710 3.3 % 0.8 %

Healthcare 3,621,177 273,571 72,473 7.6 % 2.0 %

Hospitality 6,309,121 230,213 60,308 3.6 % 1.0 %

Information Technology & Information Technology Enabled Services 2,102,421 227,328 54,926 10.8 % 2.6 %

Manufacturing - Machinery and Equipment 1,190,736 59,180 12,732 5.0 % 1.1 %

Manufacturing - Non-Machinery Products 4,662,741 163,075 40,245 3.5 % 0.9 %

Media and Entertainment 1,482,898 162,264 43,474 10.9 % 2.9 %

Pharma 335,455 59,957 13,642 17.9 % 4.1 %

Real Estate and Construction 988,815 132,906 26,669 13.4 % 2.7 %

Trade including Consumer, Retail and Services 693,534 54,230 13,832 7.8 % 2.0 %

Transport, Storage and Communication 2,730,403 49,480 10,042 1.8 % 0.4 %

The Indian economy is expected to grow at around 7% in
estimates of the financial year 2011-12, lower than the December
projection of 7.8% to 8.0%. With some respite in food

employment inflation, there is wide spread belief that the interest rate
hikes have hit the ceiling and will begin a descent from April
2012 onwards. This may provide a respite to the badly
generation in battered sectors of manufacturing, real estate, construction,
automobile, etc.

different sectors In terms of jobs created in Calendar Year 2011, Healthcare,
Hospitality and IT took the top three places. In terms of y-o-
y growth rate, the pride of place was taken by the Pharma
sector. These four sectors are expected to repeat their chart
topper performance in Calendar Year 2012 too. Two other
sectors that will significantly add to the employment
opportunities are Media & Entertainment and
Manufacturing of Non-machinery products. Real Estate and
Construction, which was expected to log a 16.8% growth
rate in Calendar Year 2011, only managed to grow at
15.1%. The growth rate is expected to further decline in
Calendar Year 2012 at 13.4%. However, this sector is likely
to create more than a lakh new job opportunities in the
current year.

A summary of the employment generation scenario across
13 different sectors are presented below. It gives the
estimated numbers of job created in Calendar Year 2011 in
these sectors, as well as the likely additions in CY 2012. A
comparison of Q4, CY 2011 against Q1, CY2012 numbers
is also given in the following table. A detailed sectoral level
analysis, highlighting some of the important developments
which had a material impact on the job prospects in these
sectors, is presented subsequently.

Expected Employment Increase in Different Sectors - 2011

Employment
Expected Estimated Expected Estimated Expected Estimated Expected Estimated
Sectors Jan - Dec Jan - Dec Oct - Dec Oct - Dec Jan - Dec Jan - Dec Oct - Dec Oct - Dec
December
2010 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011 2011

Banking, Financial Services and Insurance 907,960 80,700 60,095 11,900 13,455 8.9% 6.6% 1.3% 1.4%

Education, Training and Consultancy 9,794,024 107,500 92,569 20,700 25,793 1.1% 0.9% 0.2% 0.3%

Energy 895,502 24,900 29,026 6,600 6,928 2.8% 3.2% 0.7% 0.8%

Healthcare 3,377,657 248,500 243,520 58,700 68,077 7.4% 7.2% 1.7% 1.9%

Hospitality 6,111,304 218,200 197,817 41,600 55,121 3.6% 3.2% 0.7% 0.9%

Information Technology &
Information Technology Enabled Services 1,918,865 183,000 183,556 41,600 45,821 9.5% 9.6% 2.1% 2.2%

Manufacturing - Machinery and Equipment 1,134,788 68,400 55,948 14,000 12,336 6.0% 4.9% 1.2% 1.0%

Manufacturing - Non-Machinery Products 4,507,967 223,400 154,774 38,300 36,941 5.0% 3.4% 0.8% 0.8%

Media and Entertainment 1,356,296 126,100 126,602 32,800 38,998 9.3% 9.3% 2.3% 2.7%

Pharma 284,351 49,400 51,104 12,800 13,855 17.4% 18.0% 4.1% 4.3%

Real Estate and Construction 859,342 144,700 129,473 26,200 23,815 16.8% 15.1% 2.8% 2.5%

Trade including Consumer, Retail and Services 652,786 38,600 40,748 9,900 12,334 5.9% 6.2% 1.5% 1.8%

Transport, Storage and Communication 2,682,553 93,300 47,850 11,300 8,403 3.5% 1.8% 0.4% 0.3%

Banking, Financial composition of new hires

Services and Insurance 3%

Between October and December 2011, the 30%
29%

Banking, Financial Services and Insurance
sector has added 13,455 jobs and is < 1 Year

expected to add another 15,657 jobs over by experience
1 - 4 Years

5 - 10 years
January to March 2012. This sector is > 10 Years

expected to add 71,605 jobs in the
Calendar Year 2012.
39%

? moderation in inflation, the RBI has indicated a halt in its
With the
long series of raises in repo rate. While it had increased repo rate by
200 basis points over the first nine months of 2011, it raised the rate
only once by 25 basis points in the final quarter of Calendar Year
2011. The rapid increase in the interest rate had a detrimental effect
on the overall growth prospect in 2011, and subdued the 2%
12%
employment situation. Sectors like real estate and auto industry also
experienced a slowdown in demand as a result of this.
?growth as on December 16, 2011 dropped to its lowest level
Credit
since April 2010 (20 months) to below 18% (at 17.1%) because of
slowing economy as well as a high base effect (23.9% yoy growth in 41%
Admin / Accountants etc
December ‘10). Deposit accretion continues to be healthy at a yoy
Core Activities including
growth rate of 44%. Most of the banks kept their deposit as well as Marketing and BD
lending rates unchanged. by function
Customer Service
Concerns on asset quality continued to plague the banking system.
?
With completion of transition to system-based NPA recognition, most Senior Management
PSU banks witnessed asset-quality stress. 11 out of 21 PSU banks
reported more than a 20% increase in their net NPA levels in Q2 of 44%
FY2012. The asset quality of the private banks, in contrast, remained
comfortable apart from some concerns on the Micro Finance
Institutions. With sectors such as infra, real estate and exports
continuing to face macro headwinds, asset-quality concerns are
expected to linger.
? recently issued draft guidelines for implementation of Basel-III
RBI had
banking norms in India. The new norms envisage that the equity
capital of a bank should not be less than 5.5% of its risk-weighted
assets (RWAs). Tier 1 capital (equity and reserves) and total capital
must be at least 7% and 9% of RWAs respectively. It had also 17%
suggested setting up of a capital conservation buffer in the form of 22%

common equity of 2.5% of RWAs. This will increase the capitalisation
needs of the Indian banks significantly.
In an effort to further the goal of delivering financial services at
? Campus
affordable costs to sections of disadvantaged and low income
HR Agency
segments of the society, Government is exploring the possibilities of 4%
tapping into the network of 1.55 lakh post offices. If implemented, by hiring sources Referrals
this will increase the reach of the banking network by three fold and
Social Media
will help to reach out to a huge population, which is still outside the 32%
existing banking system. Others

In a move that could benefit over 5 million unskilled and semi-skilled
?
overseas Indian workers, Government has cleared a proposal to set up
a Pension and Life Insurance Fund (PLIF) in the Emigration Check 24%

Required (ECR) countries.
Economic slowdown, inflation, weak investment sentiment and
?
changed regulations for unit-linked insurance plans (ULIPs) since
September 2010 have led to a contraction in the premium collected
by the life insurance industry for the first time in last 10 years. The
total premium collected stood at Rs. 155,770 crore for the period
between April and November 2011 against Rs. 162,994 crore
collected over the same period in 2010-11. While the renewal Increase in Salary
premiums grew in April-November 2011, there was a significant Lateral Job Shift
decline in the new premium collections.
? set to increase the provisioning norms for the commercial
IRDA is
third-party motor pool to 163-213 per cent from present 153 per
cent. This may lead to Rs 10,000 crore loss in the current financial
year for the 24 general insurers.
As a consequence, employment in BFSI in 2011 grew at a lower than
?
expected rate. With the expected decrease in inflationary pressure and
the interest rates, business climate is likely to improve in 2012 as
compared to last year.

Estimated Employment Estimated Employment Expected Employment Expected Employment
September 2011 December 2011 March 2012 December 2012
11.7% 12.5%
954,600 968,055 983,712 1,039,659
Estimated increase Expected increase
during Oct - Dec 2011 during Jan - Mar 2012
Note: Employment numbers are given as round figures

Education, Training and composition of new hires

Consulting 4%

25%

Education, Training and Consultancy sector
has added 25,793 jobs and is expected to < 1 Year

add another 23,815 jobs over January to by experience
1 - 4 Years

5 - 10 years
March 2012. This sector is expected to add > 10 Years

87,290 jobs in the Calendar Year 2012.

The Government of India aims to achieve 21% gross enrolment ratio
?
(GER) by the end of the Twelfth five year plan (2012-2017). 38%

? implementation of the Right to Education Act, funds to
With the
elementary education have seen a significant increase. Between 2007-
08 and 2009-10, the elementary education budget increased from Rs.
68,710 crore to Rs. 97,255 crore. However, as per a provisional report
of PAISA District Studies (Rural) 2011, a major share (78 %) of the
education budget in India was spent on meeting teachers’ salary and 2%
9%
management costs. Only around 14% and 1% was invested on 21%

establishing school infrastructure and improving the quality of
education respectively.
? this skewed expenditure pattern, the teacher to student ratio
Despite
is very low across all levels. A recent task force of MHRD estimated Admin / Accountants etc
the lecturer-to-student ratio in the country at 1:20.9, against 1:13.5 Core Activities including
recommended by the University Grants Commission (1:12 for Marketing and BD
postgraduate students and 1:15 for undergraduates). Nearly 100,000 by function
Customer Service
teachers will be required annually over the next decade to meet
India’s burgeoning college education demand. Senior Management
According to central government data, the 42 central universities,
?
considered to be key to the country’s university system, have nearly
one-third of their teaching posts vacant.
? the top institutions like IISc, TIFR, BITS have already started 4
Many of
67%
years undergraduate programmes in science subjects. Many large
universities like the Delhi University are also exploring similar
possibilities. If implemented, this shall further increase demand for
teaching faculty.
According to a research note by Anand Rathi, seats available for
?
tertiary education in India are sufficient for just 12% of the
population that needs such education. 10%

? to bridge the gap between industry requirements and
In order
manpower availability, the Indian government has set a target to skill
500 million people by 2022, in collaboration with 34 approved
training partners. It is looking towards creating a training capacity of 36%

11.2 million per year. Campus

?education is increasingly becoming a serious business in India.
Sports HR Agency
The US$ 38 billion sports education and management industry is by hiring sources Referrals
being viewed as a great investment opportunity by entrepreneurs. 31%

? report estimates private education sector alone to grow to
A recent Social Media

US$ 70 billion by 2013 and US$ 115 billion by 2018. Others
? demand side looking buoyant, this sector will be a major
With the
creator of job opportunities in the coming years. 2%

20%

Increase in Salary
Lateral Job Shift

11.2% 11.5%
9,860,800 9,886,593 9,910,408 9,973,883

composition of new hires
Energy

Energy sector has added 6,928 jobs and is 25%

expected to add another 7,710 jobs over
January to March 2012. This sector is < 1 Year
expected to add 30,208 jobs in the
43%

1 - 4 Years
by experience
Calendar Year 2012. 5 - 10 years

> 10 Years

Coal production declined by 4.0% during April-November 2011-12
?
compared to 0.4% increase during the same period of 2010-11.
?coal sector is hampered by primitive mining techniques and rife
India's 29%

with theft and corruption. The monopoly coal producer, state-
controlled Coal India, has consistently missed production targets.
Shoddy transport infrastructure, inadequate for moving coal from far-
flung mines, compounds the problems.
Coal India needs to mine new deposits to increase output. But most of
?
it lies under protected forests or conflict-ridden tribal lands.
Government efforts to create an effective land-acquisition program 3%
for such projects, including compensation for displaced people, 14%
haven't made much progress. 16%
?Oil production registered a growth of 2.9% during April-
Crude
November 2011-12 compared to its growth at 11.5% during the
same period of 2010-11. The Nov 2011 production figure was even
more dismal at negative 5.6% compared to 17.0% growth in
November 2010. Core Activities including
Marketing and BD
? Gas production registered a negative growth of 8.5% during
Natural by function
April- November 2011-12, compared to 19.9% growth during the Customer Service
same period of 2010-11. Senior Management
? to these three, electricity generation turned a stellar
Relative
performance. It grew by 14.1% in November 2011 compared to just
3.5% growth in November 2010. During the April-November 2011-
12 period, electricity generation grew by 9.3% against 4.6% growth
during the same period of previous financial year.
67%
? the world's fifth-largest electricity producer after the U.S.,
India is
China, Japan and Russia. However, at 778.71 kilowatt hours a year,
its per capita consumption is among the world's lowest. Almost 300
million people do not have access to electricity. The country needs a
huge jump in supply to sustain its rapid economic growth, fight
poverty and light the homes of those powerless millions. This provides
the sector with huge expansion opportunities. 12%

More than half of India's installed electricity-generating capacity of
? 27%
182 gigawatts is coal-based, and a large chunk of future power
projects also will run on coal. By comparison, China's installed
capacity at the end of 2010 was 962 gigawatts, about 73% of it from Campus
coal.
HR Agency
The government and private industries are estimated to have invested
?
$100 billion since 2007 to add capacity. As more power plants come by hiring sources Referrals
online, coal shortages are expected to worsen. 29%
Social Media
In the face of huge unmet demand, the actual performance of this
?
sector is thus going to be determined by the supply side factors like 10% Others

coal supply, land acquisition, discovery of new resources, investment
climate, etc.

22%

Increase in Salary
Lateral Job Shift

11.8% 12.2%
917,600 924,528 932,238 954,736

Healthcare

Healthcare sector has added 68,077 jobs
17%

and is expected to add another 72,473
jobs over January to March 2012. This 39% < 1 Year
sector is expected to add 273,571 jobs in 1 - 4 Years
by experience
the Calendar Year 2012. 5 - 10 years

> 10 Years

Healthcare industry is the world's largest industry with total revenues
?
of approx US$ 2.8 trillion. In India, Healthcare has emerged as one of 42%
the largest service sectors with estimated revenue of around $ 30
billion (5% of GDP). This is significantly lower than in the US, where
Healthcare spending is 15% of GDP. This indicates its importance as a
sector with significant employment generation capacity.
? Indian population will reach 1.4 billion with about 45%
By 2025,
constituting urban adults (15 years+). To cater to this demographic
change, the Healthcare sector will have to be about $100 billion in
size contributing nearly 8 to 10% of the projected GDP.
2%
? the key drivers for Indian Healthcare sector is Medical Tourism.
One of
16%
World class treatment and benefits at a fraction of the cost (almost
1/10th), with no waiting time for surgeries have been instrumental in
a large number of foreign arrivals. This market is expected to grow to
$2 billion by 2012 end.
? key growth driver is Diagnostics & Pathology Services.
Another 44%

Outsourcing of Pathology and Laboratory tests by foreign hospital Core Activities including
Marketing and BD
chains (due to the highly favourable cost differential in India), is by function
expected to grow with time. There are about 100,000 diagnostic Customer Service
laboratories in India. This is about half the number of those in the US.
Senior Management
India’s diagnostics sector is expected to grow at about 20% to reach
about $2 billion in size by the end of 2013.
With availability of a huge patient pool, clinical trial of drugs is
? 39%

possible in India at 60% of the cost abroad. This is expected to help in
the expansion of this sub-sector.
Increased government expenditure on Healthcare, increasing coverage
?
of health insurance, low current coverage of Healthcare services, etc.
will also significantly drive domestic demand. McKinsey-CII estimates
the number of potential insurable lives at 315 million, with a potential
of US$ 7,700 million in health insurance premium by 2015.
? the important bottlenecks for the sector is shortage in trained
One of
manpower. Wherein there is a surplus of about 500,000 qualified 14%

practitioners in Indian system of medicine, shortage in allopathic 25%
stream runs to around 700,000 doctors. To address this situation, the
Government is working towards capacity expansion in medical
institutions. Government is also contemplating on allowing diaspora
Campus
practitioners having Post Graduate degrees from USA, UK, Canada,
Australia and New Zealand to practice in India. HR Agency
Telemedicine is another important area receiving a lot of attention. If
? by hiring sources Referrals
used effectively, it can multiply the utilization of scarce human 6% 32%
Social Media
medical personnel. It will open doors for the rural population to
access quality healthcare and at the same time, significantly improve Others
the productivity of medical personnel.

23%

Increase in Salary
Lateral Job Shift

16.1% 16.0%
3,553,100 3,621,177 3,693,650 3,894,748

Hospitality composition of new hires

Hospitality sector has added 55,121 jobs 26%

and is expected to add another 60,308 33%

jobs over January to March 2012. This < 1 Year
sector is expected to add 230,213 jobs in 1 - 4 Years
by experience
the Calendar Year 2012. 5 - 10 years

> 10 Years

The Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report 2011 estimates travel &
?
tourism industry of India to be worth US$ 42 billion in 2010 (3.1% of
GDP). The report also forecasts it to grow at an average rate of 7.8%
over the period 2011-2020. 39%
The report ranks India 68th globally and 12th in the Asia-pacific
?
region in terms of competitiveness. India is well placed in terms of its
natural resources (8th) and cultural resources (24th). India also
provides quite a good air transport (ranked 39th), and reasonable
ground transport infrastructure (ranked 43rd). However, some aspects
of tourism infrastructure remain somewhat underdeveloped. There
1%
are fewer hotel rooms per capita by international standard and also 13%
low ATM penetration. Other areas of concern are the policy
environment (ranked 128th), health and hygiene standards (112th)
and the human resources base (96th).
? Tourist Arrivals (FTAs) in India during 2011 was at 6.29
Foreign
million, registering a growth of 8.9% over 5.78 million in 2010. This 41% Admin / Accountants etc
is, however, lower than the 11.8% growth registered during the year Core Activities including
2010 over 2009. The growth rate of 8.9% in 2011 for India was Marketing and BD
by function
better than UNWTO’s projected growth rate of 4% to 5% for the Customer Service
world in 2011 and 7% to 9% for the Asia-Pacific region.
Senior Management
? Exchange Earnings (FEE) from international inbound tourism
Foreign
during 2011 was at US$ 16564 million compared to US$ 14193
45%
million in 2010, registering a 16.7% annual growth. The FEE had
grown by 24.6% in the previous year.
? sharp depreciation of the rupee in recent times, India has
With the
turned into an affordable destination for foreign visitors. On the
negative side, the world economic downturn may have a negative
effect on foreign tourist flow. In order to attract more foreign visitors,
India has extended the visa on arrival facility to 11 countries. At the
same time, with international travel becoming costlier for Indian
travellers, domestic demand for tourism is expected to increase in the
coming periods. 12%
In contrast, lowering economic growth rate, high land prices, low
?
floor space index (FSI), plethora of taxes, low incentive from
government and upcoming state elections can dampen the potential 30%
of sector as an engine of growth.
Campus
Rising business and leisure travel to smaller cities have increased
?
demand for quality hotel rooms in these cities. Hospitality chains are HR Agency
expected to increase their presence in smaller cities to leverage this by hiring sources Referrals
opportunity. 28%

Many hospitality chains that were earlier focused only on the luxury
? Social Media
segment are now diversifying into new product segments, such as 4% Others
budget hotels and serviced apartments, in order to reduce risks.
Moreover, hotel chains are diversifying into niche segments such as
medi-cities, wildlife lodges and spas to establish additional revenue-
generation streams.
27%

Increase in Salary
Lateral Job Shift

14.9% 15.3%
6,254,000 6,309,121 6,369,429 6,539,334

IT & ITeS
Information Technology and 7%

Information Technology Enabled Services 25%


Information Technology & Information < 1 Year

Technology Enabled Services sector has by experience
1 - 4 Years

added 45,821 jobs and is expected to add 5 - 10 years

> 10 Years
another 54,926 jobs over January to March
2012. This sector is expected to add
227,328 jobs in the Calendar Year 2012. 39%

According to the latest report of the Internet and Mobile Association
?
of India (IAMAI), the number of internet users in India crossed the 100
million mark in September 2011 and was expected to grow to 121
million by December 2011. The broadband subscriber base stood at
12.69 million in August 2011, according to data released by the 2% 6%
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI).
India Information Technology Report 2011(Q3) by Business Monitor
?
International (BMI) predicts the Indian domestic market for IT products
and services to increase from US$ 19.7 billion in 2010 to US$ 41.2
billion by 2015. As per the report, the Indian market for PCs 30%
(including notebooks and accessories) and IT services were worth
around US$ 8 billion and US$ 7.5 billion respectively in 2011. The Marketing and BD
report has estimated a compounded annual growth rate (CAGR) of 18 by function
per cent for Indian software market over the span of 2011-2015. Customer Service

According to NASSCOM, the $88 billion Indian IT outsourcing industry
? Senior Management
is projected to touch $225 billion mark by 2020. For the FY 2011-12,
NASSCOM expects the IT services revenue growth rate to be around 62%
15%.
While the rupee depreciated by 21% in the August-December 2011
?
period, the IT sector’s net foreign exchange earnings touched US
$14.48 billion. Total export from the sector was US$25.19 billion
against forex spending of US$10.71 billion.
The Indian e-commerce market grew by 47% in 2011 to become a
?
US$ 10 billion industry. It is expected to continue to expand
exponentially with rising income, internet penetration and customers
becoming more and more comfortable with online transactions. Retail
14%
brands are also expected to bring a great transformation in the online 18%
space. Investors have poured around US$ 200 million into Indian e-
commerce start-ups in the last couple of years.
As a result of such growth, e-retailers, who want to focus on their
? 8%

core functionalities, are expected to outsource bulky back-end Campus
operations (such as customer care, order processing, invoice HR Agency
processing, finance and accounts). This may emerge as a substantial
source of revenue for BPOs. by hiring sources Referrals

The demand for cloud computing services is expected to increase
? Social Media
rapidly in India. There are already more than 50 cloud computing 29%
Others
service providers in the Indian market. Indian internet services
providers (ISPs) and data centre service providers are investing on
applications and bandwidth to support new cloud service offerings. 32%
The coming time is also expected to see rapid proliferation of Apps,
customer interactive innovations and machine to machine (M2M)
technologies.
According to the latest outlook by technology research firm Gartner,
?
worldwide IT spending will grow by 3.7% in 2012 to US$ 3.8 trillion.
In 2011, the spending was at US$ 3.7 trillion, clocking a 6.9% growth
over 2010 levels. Despite this reduced growth rate, the flow of work
to low cost destinations like India may not be affected, even if
companies in US and Europe take recourse to increased offshoring to Increase in Salary
cut costs and remain competitive. Lateral Job Shift
In association with Rockefeller Foundation, NASSCOM Foundation is
?
working towards developing a new arm of the BPO industry called
‘impact sourcing’, which essentially involves employing socio-
economically disadvantaged people as principal workers. NASSCOM
estimates that by 2020 the Indian IT-BPO industry can tap additional
revenue worth US$75 billion through innovations such as this.

15.9% 18.5%
2,056,600 2,102,421 2,157,347 2,329,749

Manufacturing composition of new hires
Machineries and Equipment 4%


Manufacturing - Machinery and Equipment
sector has added 12,336 jobs and is 34%
< 1 Year

1 - 4 Years

January to March 2012. This sector is 5 - 10 years

expected to add 59,180 jobs in the > 10 Years

Calendar Year 2012.
42%

The Index of Industrial production declined by 5.1% on y-o-y basis in
?
the month of October 2011. The manufacturing sector, which has a
weightage of approx 75% in the index, performed worse at a
negative growth rate of 6%. The cumulative growth for the April-
October 2011 period less than halved to 3.7%. The growth rate a
year before, for the seven month period, was 9.4%.
? goods sector showed a sharp decline on 25.5% in October
Capital 3%
9%
2011 relative to the October 2010 production figures. The cumulative
growth for the April-October 2011 period shows a decline of 0.3% 19%

over the corresponding period on 2010.
? machinery and apparatus production declined by a
Electrical
stupendous 58.8% in October 2011, when compared to October Admin / Accountants etc
2010 production level. Both Machinery and Motor vehicles subsectors’
(October 2011) figures showed a decline (12.1% and 7.1% Marketing and BD
respectively) compared to October 2010. Cumulative (April-October by function
Customer Service
2011) y-o-y growth rates for these three subsectors were negative
14.2%, negative 3.3% and 10.6% respectively. These subsectors had Senior Management
logged growth rates of 3.3%, 34.1% and 36.3% respectively over
the corresponding 7 month period of last year.
? in India grew by 30% in FY 2010-11. However, the growth
Car sales
rate was down to 2.3% in the first eight months of the FY 2011-12. 69%
Major reasons cited for the downfall are high interest rates and rising
fuel prices. The manufacturers are also grappling with increased input
costs.
? global headwinds, many economists say India's troubles are
Despite
largely homegrown, and a result of the ripple effect of the interest
rate hikes. With the fiscal deficit figures way above budget
projections, scope for any further stimulus is also very limited. Political
10%
paralysis has also made it difficult to kickstart growth and investment
in the face of a plunging rupee and two years of near double-digit
inflation. The long pending list includes land acquisition bill, tax 30%
reform initiatives, new mining regulations and measures to allow
greater foreign investment in the defence and aviation sectors. Campus
Consequently, employment opportunities grew at around 4.9% only,
? 32%
HR Agency
lower than the expected 6% growth rate at the beginning of 2011.
The salary hike for lateral shifting of jobs also declined from 13.0% in
?
by hiring sources Referrals

July-Sept ‘11 period to 10.4% in Oct-Dec ’11. Social Media

Others
5%

23%

Increase in Salary
Lateral Job Shift

10.4% 10.9%
1,178,400 1,190,736 1,203,468 1,249,916

Manufacturing composition of new hires
Non-machinery Manufacturing 1%

Between October and December 2011, the
19%

27%

Manufacturing - Non-Machinery Products
sector has added 36,941 jobs and is < 1 Year

1 - 4 Years

January to March 2012. This sector is 5 - 10 years

expected to add 163,075 jobs in the > 10 Years

Calendar Year 2012.
54%
The Indian Government has cleared a new manufacturing policy in
?
October 2011, which aims to create 100 million jobs and augment
the share of manufacturing in India's gross domestic product from the
existing 16% to 25% by 2022. The policy stresses on setting up more
manufacturing zones, industrial townships, and industrial hubs across
the country.
The cumulative April to October 2011 growth in consumer goods,
? 1%
12%
consumer durables and consumer non-durables sectors were lower 18%
compared to the previous year. The growth rates for 2011 were at
3.7%, 4.5% and 2.9% respectively, a significant fall from 9.1%,
15.7% and 3.9% last year.
The sectors which did well are food and beverages, basic metals and
? Admin / Accountants etc
fabricated metals (excluding machinery and equipment). All these Core Activities including
three logged a double digit growth over the first seven months of the Marketing and BD
FY 2011-12. by function
Customer Service
The sectors which did badly are tobacco, textiles, wood products,
?
chemical and rubber. All of them showed a decline in production over Senior Management
the aforementioned period. The declines in textiles and chemical are
particularly worrying, considering their large share in the production
pie.
?FMCG Companies, in the era of high inflation and increasing
Indian
commodity prices, adopted the price hike strategy and effective cost 70%

management. `Premiumization` was a key strategy employed during
the year to tap the growing middle-class segment. Indian FMCG
Industry is currently estimated to be worth Rs 2,600 billion (4.8% of
GDP). According to FICCI, the market is expected to grow at a rate of
10% over the next 10 years to reach a size of Rs 4,130 billion by
2015. 9%
According to the HSBC purchasing managers' index (PMI), the
?
manufacturing sector index increased to 54.2 in December ’11 from
51 in the November ‘11. Industry reports also mention improved 29%

domestic and foreign demand, indicating improved growth
momentum. As per the HSBC PMI report, December ’11 saw sharp Campus
rise in new order volumes, while the rate of growth of manufacturing
HR Agency
output accelerated to highest levels in four months. Manufacturing 29%

sector employment also rose in the month under review after four by hiring sources Referrals
straight months of showing job losses. But, the rate of input cost Social Media
inflation remained stubbornly above the long-run average. 3%
Others
The sluggish growth of the sector is reflected in the lower than
?
expected new job creation. New job creation numbers grew at 3.8%
over the CY 2011 against January 2011 expectation of 5.0% growth
in the year.
? in salary over lateral shifts also declined in the October-
The hike 31%
December quarter to 13.5% from 14.2% clocked in the previous
quarter.

Increase in Salary
Lateral Job Shift

13.5% 14.5%
4,625,800 4,662,741 4,702,986 4,825,816

Media and Entertainment composition of new hires

Media and Entertainment sector has added 18%

38,998 jobs and is expected to add
another 43,474 jobs over January to March
26%

< 1 Year
2012. This sector is expected to add 1 - 4 Years
by experience
162,264 jobs in the Calendar Year 2012. 5 - 10 years

> 10 Years

?increasing per capita income, growing middle class and
India's
working population are generating huge domestic demand for leisure
and entertainment. India has more than 600 television channels, 100
49%
million pay-television households, 70,000 newspapers and produces
more than 1,000 films annually.
According to the Ernst & Young report ‘Spotlight on India's
?
Entertainment Economy,' the Media and Entertainment (M&E)
industry in India is expected to grow from US$ 16.3 billion in 2010 to
more than US$ 25 billion by 2015.
According to KPMG, India is the world's third largest Television (TV)
?
2%
market with almost 138 million TV households, only next to China 12%
and USA. Cable and satellite penetration has reached around 80%,
with high growth shown by the direct-to-home (DTH) service. By
2015, television is expected to account for almost half of the Indian 33%
M&E industry revenues, and more than twice the size of print media.
New technologies like high definition television, set top boxes (STBs)
?
with inbuilt recorders and delivery platforms like mobiles are evolving Core Activities including
rapidly, creating ample opportunities for innovation and growth. Marketing and BD
by function
? up the radio sector to private investment and transition from
Opening Customer Service
a fixed fee to a revenue sharing license regime is helping it to grow at Senior Management
a fast pace.
? digitisation, media consumption and improving
Growing
demographics are the most important drivers responsible for the
growth of this industry. The digital subscribers (digital cables, DTH, 54%

IPTVs, etc.) are expected to surpass the analog subscribers by 2013.
Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has set March 31, 2015
as the revised deadline for digitisation of the entire industry in a
phased manner. The four metros are required to shift to digital
addressability by March 31, 2012.
The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (I&B) also plans to push
?
for easing the process of import of equipments to speed up the 8%
digitisation process. Further liberalisation of FDI regime for cable
companies is also being considered.
The favourable growth outlook is expected to attract more investment
? 24%
in this sector and a lot more organised, corporate involvement in the
entertainment industry. This will further improve the infrastructure. 27%
Campus
For example, a film city is coming near Bengaluru, in a 300 acre plot,
at an investment of around Rs 1000 crore. HR Agency

According to Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), the
? by hiring sources Referrals
country's broadband subscriber base stood at 12.69 million in August 3%
Social Media
2011. India has also emerged as the second largest mobile internet
market. In terms of YouTube uploads, India is second only to USA. Others
This opens interesting opportunities for growth of new media outlets.
The newspaper industry also continues to gain in readership in India
?
on the back of rising literacy rates, growth of regional markets and
specialty newspapers. 39%

Increase in Salary
Lateral Job Shift

15.3% 16.7%
1,443,900 1,482,898 1,526,372 1,645,162

Pharma

Pharma sector has added 13,855 jobs and 21%

is expected to add another 13,642 jobs
over January to March 2012. This sector is < 1 Year
expected to add 59,957 jobs in the 1 - 4 Years
by experience
Calendar Year 2012. 5 - 10 years

46% > 10 Years

The Pharma industry in India meets around 70% of the country’s
?
demand for bulk drugs, drug intermediaries, pharmaceutical
formulations, chemicals, tablets, capsules, orals and injectibles. There 32%

are approximately 250 large units and about 8000 small units, which
forms the core of the Pharma industry in India. The large 250
companies control about 70% of the market share, with severe price
competition and government price control. The domestic
pharmaceutical industry has evolved from being purely reverse
engineering focused to a research driven, export oriented and globally
competitive entity.
2%
? of production volumes, the Indian pharmaceutical industry is
In terms 8%

ranked 4th in the world. In terms of domestic consumption value,
India is ranked 13th. The market is expected to grow to US$ 34 billion 25%

in FY 2011-12 from US$ 13 billion in FY 2006-07. Consulting firm IMS
estimates that global spending on medicines will reach 1.1 trillion
dollar by 2015. Admin / Accountants etc
According to PwC, India is expected to join the league of top 10
? Core Activities including
global pharmaceuticals markets by 2020, with total sales reaching by function
Marketing and BD
US$ 50 billion. McKinsey suggests that if aggressive growth strategies Customer Service
are implemented, the market has the potential to reach US$ 70 billion
by 2020, from US$ 13.1 billion in FY 2010-11. Senior Management

According to CARE Ratings, drugs worth $235 billion are expected to
?
go off patent in the next five years, leaving the market open for off-
patent or generic drugs. This is expected to be the primary growth 66%
driver for the Indian Pharmaceutical Industry in the next 3-5 years.
Other key growth drivers are, increased per capita expenditure on
pharmaceuticals, improved medical infrastructure, greater health
insurance penetration and shift in disease profiles.
? trend in outsourcing by global pharmaceutical companies
Growing
will further fuel the exports by Indian firms. The contract research
manufacturing companies will see a revival in demand as export
contracts from global pharmaceutical companies are expected to go 9%

up.
? saw over US$ 200 million of private equity money flowing
CY 2011 29%
into the Indian pharma space. Dealmakers expect this healthy inflow
to continue in 2012.
Campus
?pharma companies grew by 14% in 2011, as compared to 4%
Indian
growth witnessed in previous year. On the back of aggressive HR Agency
marketing initiatives, pharma companies witnessed doubling of rural by hiring sources Referrals
market sales. India's rural drug market grew by 18.8% in the 12 36%

months period ended April 2011, achieving a significantly higher Social Media
2%
growth rate than 10.9% in the previous year. Others
However, the net profit of Indian companies has come down due to
?
high interest rate costs and exchange rate fluctuations. According to
CARE, companies having foreign currency liabilities will continue to be
impacted by a weak rupee. However, the impact may be partially 24%
offset by higher export realizations.

Increase in Salary
Lateral Job Shift

16.8% 15.6%
321,600 335,455 349,097 395,412

Employment Trends Survey 2012

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Employment Trends Survey 2012