The research study was aimed at assessing employee perceptions of board effective in state enterprises using in a public sector medical aid institution in Zimbabwe. The objectives of the study were to assess how employees at PSMAS perceive board effective in state owned medical aid society. A case study approach was used. Quantitative design was used with a sample of sample size of 80 employees of the medical aid society. Simple random sampling technique was used. The major findings of the study were that employees were satisfied with the process used to appoint board members, perceived board as members lacking skills and experience required to deal with board issues. Further, the results reflected that employees perceived the board as lacking diversity coupled with a lack of understanding of the knowledge of the sector in which the organisation operates. The study recommended that board members must devote considerable time to company board duties as well as crafting a framework of internal controls. However, the results obtained cannot be generalised to all state owned enterprises and should not be viewed as conclusive but should be regarded as a guide for further studies on the topic in other enterprises
Stress in Women Employee; A study on influence of Age (With reference to Insu...IOSR Journals
Occupational stresses and causes work load and job nature that produced stresses among the insurance employees seek to identify in the present scenario of the insurance industry. The present study is about measuring the satisfaction level of females in an insurance sector and to evaluate the relationships between occupational stress, health and job satisfaction. The main aim of this study to measure the influence of age factors on occupational stress among insurance employees. And to evaluate the impact of occupational stress level on job satisfaction among the insurance employees. For this purpose a structured questionnaire was designed to collect information and statistical tool was applied on the data. The purpose of this study is occupational stressors among females in an insurance company.
IMPACT OF PATERNALISTIC LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT AND INNOVATIVE WOR...MehranMouzam
1. Description of Research Work
Innovation is a key concern of HR now a days. It is the key requirement for organizational success (Akram,
Lei, Haider, & Hussain, 2018). It gives new ways to do work, to overcome situations, to solve problems
and to make decisions. Dedahanov et al. (2019) claims that PLB and EE promotes innovative work
behaviour of employees. This positive impact can be enhanced by I-deals that are now trending in
manipulating job behaviours of employees. Recent studies conducted by Microsoft Japan on a four-day
working week claims that, not only the employees became happier and satisfied, they became productive
at workplace. These shortened working weeks and flexibility made employees more efficient and
productive at workplace (Paul, 2019). Leadership styles are now playing major roles in organizations and
are proved to be crucial factors for their success. PLB is a practical approach to get maximum out of
employees. According to Hornung, Rouseau, Glaser, Angerer, and Weigh (2011), loyalty and commitment
of employees are major outcomes of PLB. When employees are committed at workplace, their performance
boost ups which ultimately effects the organizational performance positively. This study is conducted to
observe and to describe the role of PLB on employee’s commitment level and how I-deals can mediate this
relationship in pharmaceutical sector. According to PPMA (2017), Pakistan’s pharmaceutical industry is
progressive, vibrant and future oriented. It consists of more than 700 manufacturing units, having 25-
multinational pharmaceutical units working in country. 70% of country’s demand of finished medicines is
been met by this sector and have shown a remarkable growth over last ten years and has export turnover of
more than 12 million and accounts for less than one percent of country’s GDP. To observe this productive
phenomenon of PLB, I-deals, EE, IWB and commitment in such a fast-growing sector can help to develop
positive outcomes for them.
A STUDY ON JOB COMPLETION OF WORKING WOMEN UNDER THE SERVICE SECTORS TIRUCHIR...IAEME Publication
There are many factors that contribute to job satisfaction and empowerment, according to this study. For the purposes of this paper, we will examine how much decision-making and decision-making power women have in the workplace. It is crucial for women to have a voice in all aspects of income generation, distribution, investment, and expenditure in order to achieve economic empowerment. Working women's empowerment programmes aim to help them exercise their rights as equal partners in society to participate in decision-making at all levels and in all spheres, both inside and outside the home. Women’s earning potential is being improved, and efforts are being made to guarantee that they have access to and control over all family/community assets.
Factors Influencing Employee Engagement in Mysore Paints and Varnish Limitedijtsrd
The application of employee engagement had gained lot of attention in IT Industries. Employee engagement has also been spread to other Industries also. Keeping employee full engaged is very much essential. Engaged employee will be more productive, effective and efficient. In this paper factors influencing employee engagement in Mysore Paints And Varnish Limited is taken for the study. Hundred samples were taken for the study. Threety seven attribute were taken for analysis. Only nine factors have strong influence on employee engagement. Dr. Swathi. S "Factors Influencing Employee Engagement in Mysore Paints and Varnish Limited" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46403.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/46403/factors-influencing-employee-engagement-in-mysore-paints-and-varnish-limited/dr-swathi-s
Stress in Women Employee; A study on influence of Age (With reference to Insu...IOSR Journals
Occupational stresses and causes work load and job nature that produced stresses among the insurance employees seek to identify in the present scenario of the insurance industry. The present study is about measuring the satisfaction level of females in an insurance sector and to evaluate the relationships between occupational stress, health and job satisfaction. The main aim of this study to measure the influence of age factors on occupational stress among insurance employees. And to evaluate the impact of occupational stress level on job satisfaction among the insurance employees. For this purpose a structured questionnaire was designed to collect information and statistical tool was applied on the data. The purpose of this study is occupational stressors among females in an insurance company.
IMPACT OF PATERNALISTIC LEADERSHIP ON EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT AND INNOVATIVE WOR...MehranMouzam
1. Description of Research Work
Innovation is a key concern of HR now a days. It is the key requirement for organizational success (Akram,
Lei, Haider, & Hussain, 2018). It gives new ways to do work, to overcome situations, to solve problems
and to make decisions. Dedahanov et al. (2019) claims that PLB and EE promotes innovative work
behaviour of employees. This positive impact can be enhanced by I-deals that are now trending in
manipulating job behaviours of employees. Recent studies conducted by Microsoft Japan on a four-day
working week claims that, not only the employees became happier and satisfied, they became productive
at workplace. These shortened working weeks and flexibility made employees more efficient and
productive at workplace (Paul, 2019). Leadership styles are now playing major roles in organizations and
are proved to be crucial factors for their success. PLB is a practical approach to get maximum out of
employees. According to Hornung, Rouseau, Glaser, Angerer, and Weigh (2011), loyalty and commitment
of employees are major outcomes of PLB. When employees are committed at workplace, their performance
boost ups which ultimately effects the organizational performance positively. This study is conducted to
observe and to describe the role of PLB on employee’s commitment level and how I-deals can mediate this
relationship in pharmaceutical sector. According to PPMA (2017), Pakistan’s pharmaceutical industry is
progressive, vibrant and future oriented. It consists of more than 700 manufacturing units, having 25-
multinational pharmaceutical units working in country. 70% of country’s demand of finished medicines is
been met by this sector and have shown a remarkable growth over last ten years and has export turnover of
more than 12 million and accounts for less than one percent of country’s GDP. To observe this productive
phenomenon of PLB, I-deals, EE, IWB and commitment in such a fast-growing sector can help to develop
positive outcomes for them.
A STUDY ON JOB COMPLETION OF WORKING WOMEN UNDER THE SERVICE SECTORS TIRUCHIR...IAEME Publication
There are many factors that contribute to job satisfaction and empowerment, according to this study. For the purposes of this paper, we will examine how much decision-making and decision-making power women have in the workplace. It is crucial for women to have a voice in all aspects of income generation, distribution, investment, and expenditure in order to achieve economic empowerment. Working women's empowerment programmes aim to help them exercise their rights as equal partners in society to participate in decision-making at all levels and in all spheres, both inside and outside the home. Women’s earning potential is being improved, and efforts are being made to guarantee that they have access to and control over all family/community assets.
Factors Influencing Employee Engagement in Mysore Paints and Varnish Limitedijtsrd
The application of employee engagement had gained lot of attention in IT Industries. Employee engagement has also been spread to other Industries also. Keeping employee full engaged is very much essential. Engaged employee will be more productive, effective and efficient. In this paper factors influencing employee engagement in Mysore Paints And Varnish Limited is taken for the study. Hundred samples were taken for the study. Threety seven attribute were taken for analysis. Only nine factors have strong influence on employee engagement. Dr. Swathi. S "Factors Influencing Employee Engagement in Mysore Paints and Varnish Limited" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46403.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/hrm-and-retail-business/46403/factors-influencing-employee-engagement-in-mysore-paints-and-varnish-limited/dr-swathi-s
Shrm survey findings using competencies to achieve business unit success finalshrm
SHRM surveyed executives of business units other than HR (e.g., CEO, CFO, Vice President) to learn more about their views of what it takes for leaders to be successful across HR departments and different functional areas such as finance and accounting, sales and marketing, and IT. Specifically, this report focuses on the competencies needed now and in the future, including Business Acumen, Communication, Consultation, Critical Evaluation, Ethical Practice, Global and Cultural Effectiveness, Human Resource Expertise, Leadership and Navigation, and Relationship Management. The report also looks at which competencies are lacking in the labor pools of candidates for HR and other business units, and how to address those competency gaps.
COVID IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN AN IT INDUSTRY AND THE REMEDIATION PLANIAEME Publication
The need for the study of COVID Impact among the Employee of IT Industry had been considered as very critical at this moment. Any IT industry believes in the principle of 4Ps namely PROCESS, PEOPLE, PARTNERS and PRODUCTS. The Process deals with the flow of business in way of operating to meet the client needs. The PRODUCTS deals with the outcome of the PROCESS to satisfy the need of the Customer. The PARTNERS are the souls of winning the business who are the customers / clients who would purchase our products and in turn pays for our income. The PEOPLE are the highly critical component who are the hearts of the EMPLOYEE who work out the requirements at all levels and converts the expectation into realized benefits to organization and to us. Hence this study deals with how the COVID had impacted the employees of IT Industry and the recommended a remediation plan to act upon the critical situations wisely well in advance.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORK CHARACTERISTICS, WELLBEING, DEPRESSION AND WORKPLACE BULLYING
TECHNICAL FINDINGS FROM A SURVEY OF 32–36 YEAR OLD WORKERS IN CANBERRA AND QUEANBEYAN
This report was produced by Peter Butterworth, Liana S. Leach and Kim M. Kiely of the Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, The Australian National University under commission from Safe Work Australia.
The Implementation and Sustenance of Employee Wellness and Ill-Health Prevent...inventionjournals
Several work days are lost in organizations due to job accidents. Previous studies have focused on organizational productivity leaving out the employee wellness and ill-health prevention in Organizations. This study investigated the implementation of employee wellness and ill-health prevention in Organizations. The study was done in Mumias Sugar Company. It was taken as a case to represent the other organizations since it is the largest sugar company in Kenya which has to an extent shown indications of implementation of employee wellness and ill-health prevention. The study was guided by the systems theory of accident causation. The descriptive survey design and the conceptual framework depicting the implementation and sustenance of employee wellness and ill-health prevention in Organizations and Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and secondary data got from the internet and libraries. Validity tests were done through test-retest. The collected data was analyzed and presented in forms of graphs and tables. The study may be beneficial to scholars and other stakeholders in the production industry. The study established that the employees were taken through the employee wellness and illhealth prevention trainings in Mumias Sugar Company. All Organizations need to ensure that their workers are working in a safe environment so as to have a comfortable workforce that will realize productivity and profitability in the firm
SHRM Survey Findings: 2013 Employer Perspectives on Disability Benefits--Carr...shrm
This is part four of the five-part series conducted in collaboration with MassMutual. Three-fifths of organizations report their long-term disability program is an “extremely important” or “very important” element of their benefits offerings, from the employer’s perspective. Three-quarters of organizations report evaluating their long-term disability program on an annual basis.
An environment is a place of needs that cannot be separated from human life. Sub-District
Organizations as government agencies that provide services to the community are required to improve
performance that leads to environmental preservation in the workplace. So that the behavior of employees who
care about the environment (green), their involvement in creating a green environment (green work
engagement), and performance as an impact of green behavior is very interesting to study more deeply in
quantitative research
Strong work ethics have the capacity to influence workforce commitment thereby ensuring
organizational competitiveness and high organizational performance. Unfortunately, many core work values
and guidelines are in most cases ignored and they go unmonitored in many organizations. As a result, this
affects the morale, performance and level of commitment of individual employees in organizations
6
SURVEY REPORT
INTRODUCTION
Management of knowledge is one of the domineering methods that are being used by the companies in order to encounter their pre-emptive and planned requirements. It is comprised of the ingenuities, procedures, tactics and schemes that endure and boost the modification, sharing, assessment, and storage and information formulation. Therefore, the practices of knowledge management play an important role in attaining company goals and objectives in effective manner. It helps generating value for the company (Alegre, Sengupta and Lapiedra, 2013).SURVEY AIM
To find out the impact of knowledge management in Qatar Airways on their strategic planningOBJECTIVE
Objective of the conducted survey is to scrutinise practices of the knowledge management that affect the strategic planning activities and also evaluate the issues and factors that are associated with the knowledge management and put their both positive and negative impact on the strategic planning of the organisation. In order to analyse, the researcher emphasises on the following research objective:
· To identify the relationship between Knowledge management and strategic planning
· To evaluate the factors of KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT that affects the practices of strategic planning.
· To examine how the practices of strategic planning affect the corporate performance of Qatar airways.
· To determine the importance of strategic planning on Qatar airways.SURVEY QUESTION
Intended for obtaining the above-illustrated objectives of this project, the researcher will search pro solutions to the substantial questions:
· Is there any association among knowledge management and strategic planning?
· What are the major elements of knowledge management that affect the strategic planning practices of Qatar Airways?
· How the practices of knowledge management and strategic planning impact the performance of Qatar Airways?
· Are the practices of knowledge management important for organisations?REASEARCH FACTORS
Knowledge management communicates important information widely and quickly and it assists to address this difficulty throughout modified portal as well as particular search engines. If average procedures as well as measures have been distinct they ought to constantly be followed. There are many factors that involve knowledge management. They are either independent or depend on other factors. All these factors are categorized mainly into three categories which are further classified into other factors. (Lindner and Wald, 2011). (IV) (DV)
1. People
a. Knowledge Managers (IV)
b. Communities or Practice (IV)
c. Training and Communication (IV)
d. Measurement and Reward system (IV)
e. Knowledge sharing culture (DV)
f. Knowledge advisors (IV)
g. Employee satisfaction survey
2. Process
a. Knowledge capture and reuse (DV)
b. Communities of Practice (DV)
c. Best practice selection and replication (IV)
d. Project Team Collaboration (DV)
e. Metrics and Reporting (IV)
f. Managem.
Shrm survey findings using competencies to achieve business unit success finalshrm
SHRM surveyed executives of business units other than HR (e.g., CEO, CFO, Vice President) to learn more about their views of what it takes for leaders to be successful across HR departments and different functional areas such as finance and accounting, sales and marketing, and IT. Specifically, this report focuses on the competencies needed now and in the future, including Business Acumen, Communication, Consultation, Critical Evaluation, Ethical Practice, Global and Cultural Effectiveness, Human Resource Expertise, Leadership and Navigation, and Relationship Management. The report also looks at which competencies are lacking in the labor pools of candidates for HR and other business units, and how to address those competency gaps.
COVID IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN AN IT INDUSTRY AND THE REMEDIATION PLANIAEME Publication
The need for the study of COVID Impact among the Employee of IT Industry had been considered as very critical at this moment. Any IT industry believes in the principle of 4Ps namely PROCESS, PEOPLE, PARTNERS and PRODUCTS. The Process deals with the flow of business in way of operating to meet the client needs. The PRODUCTS deals with the outcome of the PROCESS to satisfy the need of the Customer. The PARTNERS are the souls of winning the business who are the customers / clients who would purchase our products and in turn pays for our income. The PEOPLE are the highly critical component who are the hearts of the EMPLOYEE who work out the requirements at all levels and converts the expectation into realized benefits to organization and to us. Hence this study deals with how the COVID had impacted the employees of IT Industry and the recommended a remediation plan to act upon the critical situations wisely well in advance.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN WORK CHARACTERISTICS, WELLBEING, DEPRESSION AND WORKPLACE BULLYING
TECHNICAL FINDINGS FROM A SURVEY OF 32–36 YEAR OLD WORKERS IN CANBERRA AND QUEANBEYAN
This report was produced by Peter Butterworth, Liana S. Leach and Kim M. Kiely of the Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, The Australian National University under commission from Safe Work Australia.
The Implementation and Sustenance of Employee Wellness and Ill-Health Prevent...inventionjournals
Several work days are lost in organizations due to job accidents. Previous studies have focused on organizational productivity leaving out the employee wellness and ill-health prevention in Organizations. This study investigated the implementation of employee wellness and ill-health prevention in Organizations. The study was done in Mumias Sugar Company. It was taken as a case to represent the other organizations since it is the largest sugar company in Kenya which has to an extent shown indications of implementation of employee wellness and ill-health prevention. The study was guided by the systems theory of accident causation. The descriptive survey design and the conceptual framework depicting the implementation and sustenance of employee wellness and ill-health prevention in Organizations and Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and secondary data got from the internet and libraries. Validity tests were done through test-retest. The collected data was analyzed and presented in forms of graphs and tables. The study may be beneficial to scholars and other stakeholders in the production industry. The study established that the employees were taken through the employee wellness and illhealth prevention trainings in Mumias Sugar Company. All Organizations need to ensure that their workers are working in a safe environment so as to have a comfortable workforce that will realize productivity and profitability in the firm
SHRM Survey Findings: 2013 Employer Perspectives on Disability Benefits--Carr...shrm
This is part four of the five-part series conducted in collaboration with MassMutual. Three-fifths of organizations report their long-term disability program is an “extremely important” or “very important” element of their benefits offerings, from the employer’s perspective. Three-quarters of organizations report evaluating their long-term disability program on an annual basis.
An environment is a place of needs that cannot be separated from human life. Sub-District
Organizations as government agencies that provide services to the community are required to improve
performance that leads to environmental preservation in the workplace. So that the behavior of employees who
care about the environment (green), their involvement in creating a green environment (green work
engagement), and performance as an impact of green behavior is very interesting to study more deeply in
quantitative research
Strong work ethics have the capacity to influence workforce commitment thereby ensuring
organizational competitiveness and high organizational performance. Unfortunately, many core work values
and guidelines are in most cases ignored and they go unmonitored in many organizations. As a result, this
affects the morale, performance and level of commitment of individual employees in organizations
6
SURVEY REPORT
INTRODUCTION
Management of knowledge is one of the domineering methods that are being used by the companies in order to encounter their pre-emptive and planned requirements. It is comprised of the ingenuities, procedures, tactics and schemes that endure and boost the modification, sharing, assessment, and storage and information formulation. Therefore, the practices of knowledge management play an important role in attaining company goals and objectives in effective manner. It helps generating value for the company (Alegre, Sengupta and Lapiedra, 2013).SURVEY AIM
To find out the impact of knowledge management in Qatar Airways on their strategic planningOBJECTIVE
Objective of the conducted survey is to scrutinise practices of the knowledge management that affect the strategic planning activities and also evaluate the issues and factors that are associated with the knowledge management and put their both positive and negative impact on the strategic planning of the organisation. In order to analyse, the researcher emphasises on the following research objective:
· To identify the relationship between Knowledge management and strategic planning
· To evaluate the factors of KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT that affects the practices of strategic planning.
· To examine how the practices of strategic planning affect the corporate performance of Qatar airways.
· To determine the importance of strategic planning on Qatar airways.SURVEY QUESTION
Intended for obtaining the above-illustrated objectives of this project, the researcher will search pro solutions to the substantial questions:
· Is there any association among knowledge management and strategic planning?
· What are the major elements of knowledge management that affect the strategic planning practices of Qatar Airways?
· How the practices of knowledge management and strategic planning impact the performance of Qatar Airways?
· Are the practices of knowledge management important for organisations?REASEARCH FACTORS
Knowledge management communicates important information widely and quickly and it assists to address this difficulty throughout modified portal as well as particular search engines. If average procedures as well as measures have been distinct they ought to constantly be followed. There are many factors that involve knowledge management. They are either independent or depend on other factors. All these factors are categorized mainly into three categories which are further classified into other factors. (Lindner and Wald, 2011). (IV) (DV)
1. People
a. Knowledge Managers (IV)
b. Communities or Practice (IV)
c. Training and Communication (IV)
d. Measurement and Reward system (IV)
e. Knowledge sharing culture (DV)
f. Knowledge advisors (IV)
g. Employee satisfaction survey
2. Process
a. Knowledge capture and reuse (DV)
b. Communities of Practice (DV)
c. Best practice selection and replication (IV)
d. Project Team Collaboration (DV)
e. Metrics and Reporting (IV)
f. Managem.
This is a structure of a typical research proposalContents paGrazynaBroyles24
This is a structure of a typical research proposal:
Contents page
Introduction
Literature review
Methodology
Reflections and Resources
Bibliography
Appendices
There is no research question or aims and objectives. Critical evaluation.
Introduction
The success of an organization or corporation is contingent upon the level of employee motivation. Motivation is critical to the accomplishment of the organization's goals and objectives. It is critical for firms with varied cross-cultural teams to guarantee that their employees are highly engaged. The management is responsible for ensuring that workplace goals and objectives are consistent with the company culture (Vlaev et al., 2019). Setting workplace goals is critical for establishing and monitoring the organization's level of employee motivation (Pang & Lu, 2018). Employee commitment, engagement, and motivation are critical components of an organization's success. Financial remuneration practices play a significant role in motivating employees.
According to many surveys, if an organization does not try to motivate its employees through monetary incentives, the organization is likely to have low performance (Vlaev et al., 2019). Organizations in the United States work diligently to increase employee engagement through monetary and financial pay and awards. Financial and monetary incentives have a stronger effect on employee motivation, according to studies (Pang & Lu, 2018). The United States government has implemented policies aimed at increasing compensation and incentive programs throughout all sectors of the labor market (Vlaev et al., 2019). As with any other firm, the government is attempting to improve employee performance through a variety of financial incentives.
The Federal Reserve System is the United States of America's central bank. It is in responsible of issuing currency to all financial institutions and exercising influence over the economy via monetary policy (Coccia & Igor, 2018). The Federal Reserve System has a number of financial incentives in place to motivate its personnel. Several of these tools include the following:
· This assists in meeting rental obligations.
· Gratuities are paid to all contract employees. This is a component of their terminal benefits and a token of appreciation for their long-term contribution to the business.
· Employees are eligible for personal loans and medical insurance coverage if they have worked for the bank for an extended length of time.
Problem Statement
Numerous researchers have sought to determine the effect of motivation on working institutions. According to research, motivating employees increases their performance and morale by making them feel wanted in the workplace (Coccia & Igor, 2018). However, there is a dearth of research on the effect of financial incentives on employee motivation. The purpose of this study is to close this gap by determining the relationship between financial incentives and employee motivation. Th ...
Knowledge Application and Organizational Sustainability of Oil and Gas Compan...AJHSSR Journal
ABSTRACT: This study examined the relationship between knowledge application and organizational
sustainability of oil and gas companies in Rivers State. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey in its
investigation of the variables. Primary data was generated through structured administered questionnaire. The
population for this study was is made up of the twenty-four registered indigenous oil servicing companies in
Port Harcourt. Since the population is small, this study therefore adopts the entire population of 24 oil and gas
companies in Rivers State as a census. Five (5) managers were selected from each of 24 oil and gas companies
in Rivers State giving a total of 120 respondents. The reliability of the instrument was achieved by the use of the
Cronbach Alpha coefficient with all the items scoring above 0.70. The hypotheses were tested using the
Spearman’s Rank Order Correlation Statistics while the partial correlation was used to test the moderating effect
of organizational culture. The tests were carried out at a 0.05 significance level.The hypotheses were tested
using the Spearman rank order correlation Coefficient. The tests were carried out at a 95% confidence interval
and a 0.05 level of significance. The study findings revealed that there is a significant relationship between
enterprise knowledge audit and organizational sustainability of oil and gas companies in Rivers State. The study
concludes that when the investment in enterprise knowledge audit by oil and gas companies in Rivers State
positively enhances organizational sustainability. The study recommends that management of oil and gas
companies should ensure that knowledge delivery and analysis should be in sustainable environment within the
organization.
KEYWORD: Knowledge Application, Organizational Sustainability,
Corporative Governance in an International ContextAI Publications
The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of corporative governance on international context in private business in Erbil. A random sampling technique was used, where all employees had equal chances of being selected for the sample. The study was carried out at private business in Erbil. The researchers distributed 170 questionnaires, only 156 questionnaires were received and from 156 questionnaires only 144 questionnaires were completed properly. Corporative governance can be an effective tool that many countries across the world can use to reduce such disparities evident in most firms. The findings revealed that the correlation between corporative governance factor as independent factor and International Context as dependent factor. The value of R for the Corporative governance = .386** which indicates that turnover is significantly but has weak correlation with International Context. Moreover, it was found that the value Beta for turnover = .386> 0.01, this indicates that turnover factor was positively and weak correlation with corporative governance.
Corporate Governance Committees and Financial Performance An Empirical Study ...ijtsrd
This study examined empirically corporate governance committees and financial performance of healthcare companies. The independent variables are remuneration committees and nomination committees and independent variable was proxied with return on equity. The study used Ex Post Facto research design. Regression analysis was employed to test the hypotheses. The result showed that remuneration committee has a negative effect on return on equity, and this effect was statistically significant at 5 level of significance. While nomination committee has a positive effect on return on equity, and this effect was statistically significant at 5 level of significance. It was suggested that the remuneration committee ensure that the appointed board members have an appropriate balance of skills to successfully discharge their duties. Gina Oghogho Olufemi | Agbo, Innocent Sunny "Corporate Governance Committees and Financial Performance: An Empirical Study of Healthcare Companies in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd54006.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/54006/corporate-governance-committees-and-financial-performance-an-empirical-study-of-healthcare-companies-in-nigeria/gina-oghogho-olufemi
Socially responsible human resourcepractices disclosures of.docxlillie234567
Socially responsible human resource
practices: disclosures of the world’s best
multinational workplaces
Charbel Greige Frangieh and Hala Khayr Yaacoub
Abstract
Purpose – This paper aims to explore the socially responsible human resource practices disclosed by
the ‘‘World’s Best Multinational Workplaces,’’ with the aim of facilitating the benchmarking of these
disclosed practices.
Design/methodology/approach – Using the ‘‘World’s Best Multinational Workplaces’’ list was a
strategic decision in this study due to the rigorous methodology used in the preparation of the list as it
concentrated largely on the employees’ feedback, thus ensuring that these listed companies are actually
top workplaces. Both manifest and latent content analysis, are applied on 23 of the 25 listedMultinational
Corporations’ websites and reports, and company reviews done on these companies by the Great Place
toWork for to pinpoint the social responsible human resource practices.
Findings – Most of the practices disclosed are oriented toward enhancing the employees’ work
experiences whether that happened through improving their employment conditions or through having a
diverse and inclusive workplace. Thus, the employee-oriented human resource management practices
got the lion’s share of the disclosures, rather than the legal or the Corporate social responsibility–human
resources facilitation components.
Research limitations/implications – The practices that are already used at small and medium
enterpriseswithin national contexts were not covered in this study.
Practical implications – It is assumed that businesses can benefit from the practices of these MNCs
which are considered as great places to work for, and as pioneers in their socially responsible human
resource approaches.
Originality/value – This study is likely to fill an important gap in the corporate social responsibility
literature, which gave pint-sized attention to the internal stakeholders, rendering the academic coverage
of employee-related practices scarce if not absent
Keywords CSR, Content analysis, Multinational corporations,
Social responsible human resource practices
Paper type Research paper
Introduction
An ethical movement is gaining momentum in the business world as a result of
management malpractices committed in the past decades. The ethical crisis drove
practitioners and researchers around the world to acknowledge the importance of
integrating business ethics and sustainability into their organizations. Engaging in
responsible practices was seen as a means to avoid crises and simultaneously lead to
financial benefits, (Doh et al., 2011; Wang et al., 2015; Voegtlin et al., 2012), produce social
capital (Maak, 2007) and enhance work-related behaviors like retention and workplace
commitment (Waldman and Galvin, 2008; Cameron, 2011; Doh et al., 2011; Doh and
Quigley, 2014; Miska et al., 2014). The misconducts in top management positions gained
extensive media a.
Microfinance and the Challenge of Financial Inclusion for Sme’s Development i...IOSRJBM
This paper examined microfinance and the challenge of financial inclusion for SMEs development in Nigeria. The study adopted two separate econometrics models for capturing and testing for significance in the stated objectives between 2005 and 2015. The first model determined whether financial inclusion improve the financial well-being of low-income savers in the study period. The second investigated the impact that micro finance has on the performance of small and medium scale enterprises. Each of the models was subjected to the Ordinary Least Square regression to determine the appropriateness of models estimated. Findings from the empirical results in model one (1) and two (2) indicated relationship between financial inclusion in Nigeria, microfinance, and small business enterprises over 10 years period of study. The study found out that there is a significant relationship between financial inclusion and financial well – being of the low income earners. Empirical finding that examines the relationship between microfinance and small business in Nigeria indicates that there is a negative significant relationship between loan to small enterprises and loan to rural areas in Nigeria in the period under study. The study suggests therefore that financial inclusion will have a positive significant impact on the development of small business if the plan to include everyone works in Nigeria.
Corporate Capital of Domestic and Foreign Firms in Africa – An Empirical ReviewIOSRJBM
The study evaluated the existence and nature of systematic competition for corporate capital between local and foreign firms operating in major African economies. The study is motivated by the debate that foreign firms have easier access to corporate capital than domestic firms, and that the problem in the global financial market might push foreign firms to rely more on domestic financial markets for funds. To achieve the goal of this study, both microeconomic and macroeconomic data were sourced from diverse sources – including the World Bank's Global Development Indicators' database and the individual annual financial reports of firms. The data generated a total of 351 firms based in 11 African countries over a period 2009 to 2014. The results show that the average ratio of total liabilities to total assets is slightly higher among the listed foreign firms (at 48.8 percent) than among the listed domestic firms (47.9 percent), although the differences does not appear significant at conventional levels (t-statistic = 0.601; prob.>t = 0.548). For the whole sample also, it is shown that foreign firms have higher long-term liabilities to total asset ratio than domestic firms, and that the difference is significant at 10 percent level. Whereas the average long-term debt ratio among foreign firms stands at 12.1 percent, for domestic firms, the level is 10.7 percent (t-statistic = 1.751; prob.>t = 0.080). In none of the four sub regions, though, does the difference in the long-term debts ratio significantly differ between domestic and foreign firms. Consistent with the statistical evidence, the descriptive results seem to suggest that the survey evidence reported by the World Bank that in Africa, foreign firms are more profitable, larger, more valued in terms of investments in fixed assets, and older than domestic firms is not true. However, as shown in this report, such differences, with the exception of asset tangibility and age, are not very significant at conventional levels. This suggests that the major source of competition for corporate finance in Africa may be on the extent of collateral value and the reputation that arises from firm age
Improvement for Criterion for Minimum Solution of Inventory Model with Algebr...IOSRJBM
For algebraic method to find the minimum point and value of inventory models, we derive the criterion to guarantee the existence and uniqueness of the interior optimal solution. Our findings will help researchers and practitioners apply inventory models in their research without referring to partial derivatives of calculus.
The Relationship between Foreign Trade and Financial Performance of the Liste...IOSRJBM
The main objective of this study was to determine the relationship between foreign trade and financial performance of the listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study focused on the 32 listed companies randomly drawn from the 74 listed manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The secondary data extracted from the financial statement of these companies were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistics. The result shows a significant positive relationship between the two variables. It was therefore recommended that the management and the board of directors of the listed manufacturing companies should intensify efforts on how the locally produced products will be able to penetrate into the foreign countries as it was discovered that majority of the goods produced by the manufacturing companies in Nigeria are consumed locally
The Government Policy on Foreign Direct Investment in Sri LankaIOSRJBM
management know-how, and access to export markets-that are desperately needed in developing countries. However foreign capital can play an important role in raising investment levels so as to accelerate economic growth in Sri Lanka as in the case of many other developing countries which are handicapped by inadequate domestic savings. The purpose of this study is to examine the Government Policy on Foreign Investment in Sri Lanka. FDI increased initially due to the favourable investment environment created by the 1977 reforms. During the 1983-89 period, the incentives for FDI were eroded by the setbacks in the foreign trade and payments liberalisation momentum and the macroeconomic disequilibrium. Even though FDI was felt down in year 2000, there were increasing trend in FDI up to year 2008 and FDI was diminished as a result of global financial crisis in year 2009. Basically due to the secure macroeconomic environment, Sri Lanka reached highest level of FDI in 2014. The prospect for a significant expansion of FDI inflows in to Sri Lanka, however, do not seems too bright. To attract further investment, it is paramount that Sri Lanka be able to provide policy stability.
The Relationship between Dividend Policy and Shareholder’s Wealth (A Case Stu...IOSRJBM
This research is about the relationship between dividend policy and shareholder’s wealth from 37 mining companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2011 to 2013. Independent variable which is used in this research are dividend policy and profitability. Dividend policy is measured as dividend per share (DPS) and profitability is measured as Return On Equity (ROE). Dependent variable which is used in this research is shareholder’s wealth. Shareholders’ wealth is measured as Market Price Per Share (MPPS). Investment opportunity which is measured as fixed asset growth, is used as moderating variable which can strengthen the relationship between independent and dependent variable. The result of this research proves that dividend policy has significant influence to shareholder’s wealth, while investment opportunity, as a moderating variable, is proven to strengthen the relationship between dividend policy and shareholder’s wealth.
Understanding Attitudes towards Gasoline Import Demand in Viet NamIOSRJBM
Even with its vast reserves of oil and gas potential, the government has put this fuel resource the top of priority sectors for development, as it views as central to national economic growth as well as energy security, Viet Nam has remained a net importer of petroleum products over the past eight years. On another word, Gasoline importation has been a superior absorbability on the economy of Viet Nam, the determinants of the refined oil products imported activities analysis have been found no study yet. This paper aims to suggest the leading factors affecting import demand performances for petroleum products. The autoregressive distributed lag modelling framework (ARDL) have applied to this research; we estimated various short-run and long-run import demand models for Gasoline using time series study over the period 1995-2015. The results showed that the application of gas is stable prices in both the long and short term. Other principal operators of gas import probably are the real effective exchange rate, domestic petroleum production, and population growth. Moreover, a real economic activity found the most active and influential driver of gasoline demand accordance with the inelastic and elastic coefficients estimated in the short-run and long-run, respectively.
Cost-Volume-Profit Analysis as a Management Tool for Decision Making In Small...IOSRJBM
This study aimed to figure out if small business enterprises utilize cost volume profit (CVP) analysis as a management tool for decision-making process in Bayero University Kano, with a view to shed light on the reality of the use of CVP analysis as a decision-making tool in small business enterprises. The study population is made up of the entire small business enterprises within Bayero University, Kano. Primary source of data were utilized using structured questionnaires. The hypotheses were tested using Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson correlation coefficient. A very weak relationship (0.02) was recorded, it was discovered that there is no statistical significant difference between having the knowledge of a management accounting tools and its application. The study concludes that small business enterprises utilize CVP ignorantly and it is recommended
From Local to Global- Indian Organic Produce an OverviewIOSRJBM
Organic products have a growing market both in India and globally. The study focuses to explore the strengths and weaknesses of this industry so as to tap the global demand and achieve the export target for organic products. The study will aim to perform SWOT analysis and develop TOWS matrix which will provide an insight to the players of Organic market at all levels. The strategies framed are completely based on the researcher’s interpretation of the information collected from secondary sources and telephonic interviews of the agencies
Analysis of Internal, Market & Economic Based Financial Performance Measureme...IOSRJBM
The aim of this study is to investigate the financial performance of 10 commercial banks listed on Dhaka Stock Exchange. In this paper, financial performance has been measured by using three indicators. Internal–based performance measured by Return on Assets, Market-based performance measured by Tobin’s Q model (Price / Book value of Equity) and Economic–based performance measured by Economic Value adds. The correlation and multiple regression of annual time series data is used to find the impact of bank size, credit risk, operational efficiency and asset management on financial performance measured by the three indicators, The study rejected the null hypothesis and it is found that there exist statistically significant impact of bank size, credit risk, operational efficiency and asset management with ROA and Economic Value Added. On the other hand Tobin’s Q has insignificant impact on financial performance of commercial banks
Factors Influencing Purchase Decision of InstitutionalBuyers in Bangladesh: T...IOSRJBM
The Bangladeshi poultry industry is gradually becoming a leading industry in the Bangladeshi market. It is a labor- intensive sector which does not require lengthy training. Almost anyone can be engaged in the poultry farming because it can be done either on a larger scale or in one’s backyard. The purpose of the study is to identify the institutional buyer preference and to find out the purchase criteria factors which influence the purchase decision of the institutional buyers of poultry chickens in Bangladesh. A total of 110 respondents from 8 different categories of institutional buyers, who were directly related to poultry business were randomly selected to be the respondents for the collection of information within the Dhaka Metro City. All factors were randomly selected towards the collection of relevant information following pretested questionnaire. Advance statistical tools were applied for analysis of collected data. A factor analysis was conducted to identify the purchase criteria factors i.e. Brand, Freshness, Halal, How chicken are raised, Meat Cuts (Breast / Leg), Nutrition Value, Packaging, Price Sensitivity, Processed, Production Technology and Taste. Findings from the factor analysis showed that packaging, processed, production technology, taste and how chicken are raised have a significant effect on the selection of purchase criteria of the institutional buyers and their preference..
Effect of Public Services Quality on Satisfaction and Its Implication on Publ...IOSRJBM
: This research aims to determine: 1) The influence of the public services quality on public satisfaction at Samsat Office Kendari City. 2) The effect of public services the quality on public trust at Samsat Office Kendari City. 3) The effect of public satisfaction on public trust at Samsat Office Kendari City. 4) The mediate effect of public satisfaction in strengthening the influence of public services quality on public trust at Samsat Office Kendari City.The design of this research is associative (causal) design. The object of this research is the people who employ Samsat Office services. The samples were taken by purposive sampling (designation intentionally) which employ 110 respondents. The analysis used is descriptive statistical analysis and analysis of Partial Leas Square (PLS).This research concluded that: 1) The public services quality significantly influence the public satisfaction on Samsat Office Kendari City. it indicated that the good quality of public services is reflected by accountability, responsiveness, orientation to service and efficiency indicators which will increase the public satisfaction which is reflected by their attitude to respect service officers, abide by the rules, is proud of the work of the officers, has the spirit and initiative, and avoid of conflict. 2) The quality of public services does not significantly affect the public trust on Samsat Office Kendari City. This means that the public service quality at Samsat Office Kendari city cannot increase public trust significantly caused by the public tust in the service officer has not been optimal. 3) Public satisfaction has significant effect on public trust on Samsat Office Kendari City. This means that the public satisfaction will increase public trust which is reflected by the increasing of public trust in the service facilities. 4) Public Satisfaction mediates the effect of public services quality on public trust on Samsat Office Kendari City. This means that public satisfaction can strengthen the influence of public services quality on public trust.
Impediments and Inducements to Youth Entrepreneurship Development in Sylhet R...IOSRJBM
The purpose of this paper is to explore and identify the key impediments and constraints that obstruct young people from starting and running a new venture and at the same time, inducements and stimuli that trigger youths to entrepreneurial activities. Data were collected from 80 young entrepreneurs of Sylhet, Bangladesh through a questionnaire gleaned from the literature review following a convenience and purposive sampling technique. Findings revealed, insufficient personal savings, high interest rate, and negative attitude of financial institutions to young entrepreneurs due to high default rate are the major impediments to obtaining start-up fund, being their own boss and earning more money are the prime inducements to engage in business. Parents and teachers influenced most to start business while financial risk reported as the most critical demotivator. Managing fund and fierce competition are main problems in running the business successfully. Lack of vocational education and training and inappropriate and inadequate curriculum and study programs are the key educational constraints, unsupportive tax regulations, complex business registration procedure are the leading administrative and regulatory barriers, dearth of information on available business support services and lack of training and business counseling are the major impediments of business support services. The implications of the study bear far-reaching ramifications to the concerned stakeholders for facilitating and encouraging youth entrepreneurship development by addressing the start-up constraints and problems
An Overview of Export Performance of Agricultural Products in IndiaIOSRJBM
Exports are the basis of the overall growth performance of any country. By increasing the rate of exports, any developing country can pave a way for the development by earning international liquidity thereby; sort out the problem of reserves to start up of any project to come out the circle of poverty. So, it becomes a paramount importance for the country like India to start export promotion measures to boost up the pace of its exports and India has already taken many steps to increase the level of its exports. It is concluded from the results of the study that Cotton raw including waste, iron ore, plastic and linoleum and transport equipment has been observed as the products in which exports have been increased at the maximum rate, whereas exports of Tea, Iron and steel, Mica and Leather and Manufacturing have been identified as the area in which satisfied results have not been achieved. So, it is suggested by the results of study that government should promote exports of different sectors by providing different incentives to different sectors to avail the opportunity and fill up the gaps as well. Indian agricultural export has undergone significant changes during recent times. In this context, the present study has analysed the trend in exports of agricultural commodities from India, the changes in the comparative advantage, the Indian agricultural export scenario has witnessed during the past decade and the prospects for further boosting the agricultural export. The study has also analysed the comparative advantage of India’s exports, through revealed comparative advantage (RCA). The RCA was improving in case of cotton, maize, and certain fruits and vegetables over time, but declining in case of some spices, rice and wheat. In case of plantation based spices and other commodities, India is gradually losing its comparative edge, mainly to Asian countries. The study has so identified yield improvement through growth in total factor productivity (TFP) as a potential factor that would result in generation of exportable surpluses and boosting India’s export
Job Satisfaction and Faculty Turnover Intentions: A Case of Pakistani Univers...IOSRJBM
Retaining faculty members has been a problem in many universities for decades. When competent teachers quit, they depart with critical knowledge and experience that are essential for maintaininga competitive advantage. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of four facets of job satisfaction on turnover intentions of faculty members of different universities of Rawalpindi/Islamabad. A 16-item, selfadministered questionnaire was used to gather data on independent and dependent variables. In questionnaire, researchers used 5 point Likert scale for variables to measure respondent’s possible responses. 110 questionnaires were completed and returned back. Pearson Correlation and Multiple Regression tests were used to test the hypothesis. The results showed that the three facets of job satisfaction i.e. remuneration, supervisory support and work life policies have significant and negative relationship with turnover intentions while recognition has insignificant relationship with turnover intentions and this relationship did not support the researchers’ prediction. Results have been discussed andrecommendations have been made for universities’ administrations.
Health System in India: Opportunities and Challenges for EnhancementsIOSRJBM
One of the basic vitalities of good living is quick access to essential services like health care. But many times it could mean a condition of life and death for an individual who is unable to get the access to these services. Thus an important part of social sector development is incomplete without adequate health care facilities. The quality of human health is the foundation upon which the realization of life goals and objectives of a persona, the community or nation as whole depends. It is both an end and means of development strategy. The relationship between health and development is mutually reinforcing- while health contributes to economic development, economic development, in turn, tends to improve the health status of the population in a country. India as a nation has been growing economically at a rapid pace particularly after the advent of New Economic Policy of 1991. However, this rapid economic development has not been accompanied by social development particularly health sector development. Health sector has been accorded very low priority in terms of allocation of resources. Public expenditure on health is less than 1 per cent of GDP in India. This research paper focuses on the current status of the Indian healthcare industry, the challenges faced plus the comparison of few selected Indian states based on health indicators. Furthermore comparison of India with some developed and developing countries is also employed in order get the clear picture of the health sector. In order to boost the development line, some opportunities in the health care industry are also discussed and necessary policy implications. Regarding in this connection India lags behind in regard of health improvement as compared to U.S.A, Canada, China, and Brazil, but contrary to other developing countries like Pakistan, Bangladesh the scenario is better with life expectancy, Mortality ratios, health care spending speak volumes about the healthcare status. When analyzed through the prism eye, within India there are large disparities amongst states in achieving health outcomes as well. Before liberalization the improvement was at a snail’s pace, but after liberalization the whole picture changed because the key initiatives to improve the current healthcare standard a two prong strategy focusing on the infrastructure needs and the technology solution were implemented, which resulted in the healthy scenario of the healthcare industry. Healthcare sector, a leading weapon as the contributor to GDP (approx.8%) is thus the matter to be deeply looked into, so that golden harvest is reaped.
Total Quality Management (TQM) Practices toward Product Quality Performance: ...IOSRJBM
The purpose of this research was to test and analyze the effect of TQM practices impelementation which consists of leadership, strategic planning, customer focus, information and analysis, people management, and process management to product quality performance. The population were 108 food and beverage companies in Makassar, Indonesia. Respondents are production managers or operation managers. Sample technique which used is population sampling. Method of analysis which use both descriptive statistic and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Data processing uses two statistic tools i.e: IBM SPSS and AMOS 19.00. The findings of research indicate that leadership has significant effect on product quality performance, strategic planning has significant effect on product quality performance, customer focus has significant effect on product quality performance, information and analysis has significant effect on product quality performance, people management has significant effect on product quality performance, and process management has significant effect on product quality performance. Leadership factor has dominant effect on product quality performance (critical ratio = 9.760 > t-table = 1.960; and probability = 0.000 < α = 0.05).
The Influence of Work Culture, Work Stress to the Job Satisfaction and Employ...IOSRJBM
This research was carried out starting from the phenomenon of the performance which was not maximized by the employees of State Treasury Service Office in Jakarta. Based on the literature there was a suspicion that the performance which was not maximized due to a weak work culture, work stress and the decreasing of job satisfaction. The purpose of this research was to quantify and explain the relationship between variables of work culture, work stress, job satisfaction and employees performance in the State Treasury Service Office Jakarta. The research method was using quantitative methods. Research locations were located in six State Treasury Service Offices in Jakarta with samples of 152 employees. Data analysis technique was using Partial Least Square (PLS) with the help of Smart program. The results showed that the work culture has no effect on job satisfaction. Work stress has no effect on job satisfaction. Work culture affected to the employee performance. Work stress had no effect on employee performance. Job satisfaction had no effect on performance. The implication of this research was to establish a strong working culture to decrease work stress and increase job satisfaction which ultimately improved employee performance.
Work-Life of Indian Railway's Drivers (Loco-Pilots)IOSRJBM
Railways’ Drivers / Loco-Pilots are the most important person in executing the huge task of transporting nearly 25 Million passengers and more than 2.8 Million Tons of freight daily with the help of 2,29,381 wagons, 59,713 coaches and more than 9,213 locomotive engines of various kinds(www.Indian railways, Wikipedia).To transport 25 million passengers and millions of tons of freight and that too with taking care of both the traveler’s convenience and safety is not a mean task, the driver on whose sincerity the journey of a train depends. If he is not capable of carrying his responsibilities then the efforts of the other employees go waste, in this sense we can say that he is the most important person of the railways. The job of a Railway Driver demands hard work and great presence of mind along with courage to handle diverse conditions. For this one should have discipline, patience, responsibility, punctuality, commitment, courage and above all self-confidence. The job requires lots of hard work, stamina, alertness of mind, adaptability to follow difficult time schedules too. But the main and remarkable, highly appreciable role of Railway drivers is the only who works with full honesty, in day & night, in heavy cold, hot & Rainy weather. For Railways’ drivers operating on long distance routes, overnight stays in various locations will be necessary. Furthermore, it can be stressful, as delays and hazards on the track are not uncommon. His cab of the train should be relatively comfortable but it may be quite cold, hot and noisy.
Liquidity Determinants of Sharia and non Sharia StocksIOSRJBM
This study was conducted to analyze and testing stock liquidity differences of sharia and non sharia stock and determinants of sharia and non sharia stock of manufacturing industry at Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2009-2010. Dependent variable of this study is stock liquidity, measured by relative spread and depth. The Independent variable are insider ownership, institutional ownership, blockholder ownership, and foreign institutional ownership, trading volume, stock price, return volatility, Market to book value, dividend policy and size. In addition, this research is also supported by qualitative data obtained from in-depth discussions with key informants, including investment managers, stock exchanges institution and stock brokers. The results showed there is no liquidity difference, both for relative spread and depth of sharia a non sharia stocks. In sharia stocks, trading volume and dividend policy has a negative effect on relative spread, whereas in non sharia stock the trading volume, stock prices and company size has a negative effect on relative spread. Institutional ownership has negative effect, while foreign institutional ownership, trading volume, dividend policy, and size has positive effect on sharia stock liquidity. For non sharia stock, the trading volume, stock prices and company size has a positive effect on depth.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024)ClaraZara1
6th International Conference on Machine Learning & Applications (CMLA 2024) will provide an excellent international forum for sharing knowledge and results in theory, methodology and applications of on Machine Learning & Applications.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
Employee Perceptions of Board Effectiveness in a State Owned Medical Aid Society in Zimbabwe
1. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM)
e-ISSN: 2278-487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume 19, Issue 1. Ver. VI (Jan. 2017), PP 68-71
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/487X-1901066871 www.iosrjournals.org 68 | Page
Employee Perceptions of Board Effectiveness in a State Owned
Medical Aid Society in Zimbabwe
Shepherd Chinyoka1
, Kudakwashe Sithole2
1&2
Zimbabwe Open University, Harare, Zimbabwe
Abstract: The research study was aimed at assessing employee perceptions of board effective in state
enterprises using in a public sector medical aid institution in Zimbabwe. The objectives of the study were to
assess how employees at PSMAS perceive board effective in state owned medical aid society. A case study
approach was used. Quantitative design was used with a sample of sample size of 80 employees of the medical
aid society. Simple random sampling technique was used. The major findings of the study were that employees
were satisfied with the process used to appoint board members, perceived board as members lacking skills and
experience required to deal with board issues. Further, the results reflected that employees perceived the board
as lacking diversity coupled with a lack of understanding of the knowledge of the sector in which the
organisation operates. The study recommended that board members must devote considerable time to company
board duties as well as crafting a framework of internal controls. However, the results obtained cannot be
generalised to all state owned enterprises and should not be viewed as conclusive but should be regarded as a
guide for further studies on the topic in other enterprises.
I. Introduction
There has been an increasing interest in exploring effectiveness of boards of directors and corporate
performance since the collapse of a sizeable number of companies especially in the US and UK. Kirkpatrick
(2009) posits that the response of many governments to the collapse of companies through introduction the
world over of changes that were incremental which changes was targeted at the countries‟ financial markets.
While there are a number of studies in the developed economies concerning the different aspects of corporate
governance, the same cannot be said about the developing economies in the field of corporate governance. Flora
(2006) highlights that the investigation of corporate governance practices in emerging financial markets of the
world is of greater significance let alone necessity because these markets differ from those of the developed
world in terms of their cultural, social, and economic variables.
The emerging markets differ markedly from the developed markets in terms of the contextual settings.
This has resulted in results drawn from research conducted in the developed world. Classen and Fan in
Manawaduge (2012) state that their research reveals that most Asian markets have systems of governance that
are characterised by weak institutions and poor property rights. This supports the argument that conventional
corporate governance has limited effectiveness in economies. Zimbabwean corporate governance in state
institutions has become a far cry. Directors in state institutions are pocketing hefty salaries and perks to the
detriment of service delivery (Ndlovu, 2010). Ndlovu (2010) supported by Zhou (2012) suggest that state
institutions have been decimated by the level of corruption which has seen the companies being reduced to
“harvesting rods and tools of institutionalised predation”. This implies that additional research is needed on
corporate governance problems associated with the principal-agency problem.
II. Methodology
This study was based on a case study of a state owned medical aid society. Creswell (2013) defined a
case study as an account of an activity, event or problem that contains a real or hypothetical situation and
includes the complexities you would encounter in the workplace. Case studies are used to help you see how the
complexities of real life influence decisions. In this study the population comprised of employees of the state
owned medical aid society in Harare. The study population constituted of management and employees of the
medical aid all of them totaling 80. The researcher used probability sampling techniques, specifically simple
random sampling. Names of the employees were placed in a hat where a name was withdrawn on after the other
without replacement until the desired sample size was enough. The sample comprised of ten (10) managers and
seventy (70) general employees. The sample was selected by drawing random employee numbers using a
computer. The tools used in the research were the questionnaire. Statistical Package for Social Sciences was
used for the analysis of data. Descriptive statistics were used to report findings.
2. Employee Perceptions of Board Effectiveness in a State Owned Medical Aid Society in Zimbabwe
DOI: 10.9790/487X-1901066871 www.iosrjournals.org 69 | Page
III. Results and Discussion
The process of board member appointment satisfies me
From the study, 48% of the total respondents agree and strongly agree that the process of board
member appointment satisfies me. Of the total respondents, 20% disagree that the process of board member
appointment satisfies me, while 14% strongly disagreed. On the other hand, 18% of the respondents do not
know whether the process of board member appointment satisfies me or not. This therefore shows that the
majority of the respondents believe that the process of board member appointment is satisfactory.
The board members have sufficient skills, experience, time and resources to conduct their duties.
There is a weak consensus that the board members have sufficient skills, experience, time and
resources to conduct their duties as shown in histogram with 28% of the respondents agreeing and strongly
agreeing with the notion. Some respondents who expressed their reservations to this notion constituted 25% and
18% hold that the board members have no sufficient skills, experience, time and resources to conduct their
duties. The remaining 28% do not see a difference.
The board members have sufficient diversity in terms of experience, balance between executive and non-
executive directorships.
The research shows that 6% of the total respondents are of the view that the board members have
sufficient diversity in terms of experience, balance between executive and non-executive directorships while
14% added their voice by agreeing with the statement. On the other hand 32% hold the optimistic view that have
no sufficient diversity in terms of experience, balance between executive and non-executive directorships, while
23% were strongly disagreeable and a mere 25% are undecided. This contradicts the findings by Gurgler (2010)
that a board of directors should have a balance in terms of skills, experience and balance in terms of executive
and non-executive directorships. He further argues that executive directors should be independent. Tirole (2012)
argues that “the board and its committees should have the appropriate balance of skills, experience,
independence and knowledge of the firm to enable them to discharge their respective duties and responsibilities
effectively.”
Directors have a sufficient understanding of the organisation and the sector in which it operates.
Figure 4.6 shows that 21% of the respondents agreed that the directors have a sufficient understanding
of the organisation and the sector in which it operates, 15% were undecided while another 64% disagreed. The
directors are better when they understand the operations of the business and the industry (Tirole, 2009). The
results therefore do not support the findings of researchers such as Tirole (ibid). Of the total respondents 83%
have declined that the board has a set of objectives in place that seek to enhance the effectiveness of board
activities. Only 11% agreed that the board has a set of objectives in place that seek to enhance the effectiveness
of board activities. Objectives are the source of direction to management. Coyle (2006) posits that different
companies have different objectives and he further argues that whatever the objectives, the directors have
participate in their setting and then monitor the implementation. The results thus do not reflect this
understanding.
The board’s workload is effectively dealt with by the board acting collectively.
The greater proportion of the respondents believes that the board‟s workload is effectively dealt with
by the board acting collectively; these constitute 51%. Those in support that the board‟s workload is effectively
dealt with by the board acting collectively will provide the confidence in the company‟s performance. The
remaining 45% are divided between not supporting the board‟s workload is effectively dealt with by the board
acting collectively and simply being indecisive. Of the respondents 19% were undecided while 20% disagreed
and 6% strongly disagreed. The Higgs Report (2003) and the Cadbury Report (1992) all provide that the
directors of the company should work and make decisions about the issues that would the company collectively.
They further provide that directors should hold frequent board meetings to make decisions as a collective team
rather than to allow a few individual persons or group of persons to control decisions that would affect the
company.
The frequency of board meetings enhances effectiveness.
Results show that the greater proportion of 82% of the respondents agreed that the frequency of board
meetings enhances effectiveness. Those not in supports make up 10% and 8% are of the opinion that the
frequency of board meetings do not enhances effectiveness. Board diversity in composition is an important
feature and driver of board effectiveness as argued by Abben (2011).
3. Employee Perceptions of Board Effectiveness in a State Owned Medical Aid Society in Zimbabwe
DOI: 10.9790/487X-1901066871 www.iosrjournals.org 70 | Page
Timeliness and appropriateness of ongoing professional development received by board members is
satisfactory.
An analysis of the results from Figure 4.7 reflected that 81% of the respondents agreed that timeliness
and appropriateness of ongoing professional development received by board members is satisfactory, 15% were
neutral while another 4% were strongly disagree. The directors receive appropriate ongoing professional
development which is healthy with regards to improving director competence. The table 4.8 shows that 19%
agreed that the company provides training to directors to enhance their performance. The greater proportion of
81% were not in support of the company provides training to directors to enhance their performance. Training of
directors can be aligned with induction of the directors. Coyle (2006) posits that directors require effective
induction to enhance their effectiveness.Employees showed mixed responses to the statement regarding whether
board members had opportunities of attending formal courses, conferences and seminars. The results analysed
indicated that 28% of the respondents agreed that the board members were afforded an appropriate opportunity,
6% were neutral, and 45% disagreed while the remaining 21% strongly disagreed. The majority of the
respondents (66%) disagreed with the statement. Board members need to regularly attend refresher courses
including formal conferences on areas such as developments in corporate governance, strategic management and
statutory requirements for the board of directors (Ncube et al, 2012). They argue that that attendance of these
programmes enhances board members‟ understanding of the corporate governance issues.
The Stewardship defines situations in which managers are not motivated by individuals‟ goals but
rather see themselves as steward seeking to attain the objectives of the organisation which will in turn benefit all
the other stakeholders in the business (Gill and Marthur, 2011). Directors are the stewards of the company
according to the stewardship theory. The results indicate that 74% of the respondents agree that the board of
directors of PSMAS understand their stewardship role as well as fulfilling that role. The other 4% agree, while
11% disagree with the statement. The remaining 11% were neutral regarding the statement. The findings
support the directors‟ stewardship role in an organization.
The board understands the company’s internal control framework.
A control framework is a data structure that organizes and categorizes an organization‟s internal
controls, which are practices and procedures established to create business value and minimize risk (Tirole,
2009). Various code of corporate governance recommend that directors should be the custodians of the assets of
the company and are the ones responsible of putting in place a system of internal controls to protect the assets of
the company. However, the finding of the research show that 34% of the respondents disagreed with the
statement that the board understand the company‟s internal control framework, 27% strongly agree, while 18%
were neutral. The remaining 16% agree while the other 5% strongly agreed. The results therefore contradict the
assertions of Tirole (2009) that the board should shape the company‟s internal control framework.
The performance of an organization can be measured using either financial measures such as the use of
financial ratios or the non-financial measures such as the balanced scorecard (Johnson and Scholes, 2008). On
this measure, the respondents reflected that 20% agreed that both financial and non-financial measures are used,
35% of the respondents disagreed while 35% were neutral. The results were not in agreement with the assertions
of Jonson and Scholes (2008). Adequate measurement of the managerial performance is necessary to ensure the
attainment of objectives by the organization as well as to meet the expectations of shareholders. The King III
Report (2009) provides that directors and management contracts should be based on the performance of the
directors as reflected by the performance of the organizations. The CEO‟s remuneration should be linked to the
performance of the company (Gill and Marthur (2011). The findings of the research reflected that 5% of the
respondents strongly agreed, 69% agreed, while 21% were neutral. The remaining 5% strongly disagree with the
statement that management‟s remuneration was appropriately linked to the performance of the organization and
to comparable companies.
Board has an agreed process to support the CEO adequately.
The Chief Executive Officer is the head of executive management and an ex-officio member of the
board of directors. The board delegates some of its management responsibilities to CEO (Gurgler, 2010). The
analysed data on the point whether the board has an agreed process to support the CEO adequately, the results
showed that 84% disagreed with the statement, 10.0% agree with the statement while 6% strongly agreement.
The results reflect a board not working with the chief executive officer.
Directors have a sufficient understanding of the organisation and the sector in which it operates.
Figure 4.6 shows that 21% of the respondents agreed that the directors have a sufficient understanding
of the organisation and the sector in which it operates, 15% were undecided while another 64% disagreed. The
directors are better when they understand the operations of the business and the industry (Tirole, 2009). The
results therefore do not support the findings of researchers such as Tirole (ibid).
4. Employee Perceptions of Board Effectiveness in a State Owned Medical Aid Society in Zimbabwe
DOI: 10.9790/487X-1901066871 www.iosrjournals.org 71 | Page
IV. Conclusion
Employee perceptions about the effectiveness of the board of directors are often an ignored section in
academic research as this is usually difficult to quantify in concrete terms. Board effectiveness is the most
difficult aspect in corporate governance assessment. The findings of the study indicated that employees were
satisfied with the process of board appointments, and board members lacked the sufficient skills and experience
to deal with board issues. There is also lack of diversity regarding the proportions of non-executive directors and
executive directors. The directors lack an appreciable understanding of the medical sector. However, board
members exhibit a high degree of integrity in dealing with board issues.
References
[1]. Alreck, P.L. & Settle, R.B. (1995).The Survey Research Handbook.(2nd Ed.). Burr Ridge: Irwin Baker, R. (2008) Institute of
Directors. Pall Mall, London SW1Y.
[2]. Bebchuck, L. & Hamdani, A. (2009).The Elusive Quest for Global Governance Standards. Harvard Law School, Discussion Paper
Series No. 63.
[3]. Berger, A.N., Clarle, R., Kappler, L., & Udell, G.F. (2005).Corporate Governance and Bank performance: a joint analysis of static,
selection and dynamic Effect of domestic, foreign, & state ownership. The World Bank, Policy Research Paper.
[4]. Bryman, A. (2011). Research Methods and Organization Studies. London: Unwin Hyman Coldwell, D. & Herbst, F.
(2009).Business Research, Cape Town: Juta & Co. Ltd.
[5]. Collis, J. and Hussey, R. (2003).Business Research: A Practical Guide for Undergraduate and Postgraduate Students. (2nd Ed.)
Basingstoke: Palgrave McMillan.Consumer Service, 24-34.
[6]. Cooper and Schindler, P. S. (2011).Business Research Methods.(11th
Ed).New York:Cooper, S. (2006). Corporate Social
Performance: A Stakeholder Approach. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd.
[7]. Coyle, B. (2006). Corporate Governance: Professional Development. ICSA: London.
[8]. Creswell, J. (2013). Research Design: Quantitative and Qualitative Approach. (2nd
Ed) Thousand Oaks: Sage.
[9]. Dalton, D., & Kesner, I. (1987).Composition and CEO Duality in Boards of Directors: An International Perspective. Journal of
International Business Studies, 18(3), 33-42.
[10]. Dellinger, A. (2005). Validity and the Review of Literature Research in Schools. 12(2), 41-54.
[11]. Easterby-Smith, M. Thorpe, R. and Lowe, A. (2010). Management Research: An Economics of Business, 10, 261–289.
[12]. Geiger, S. (2012). “Exploring right-time shopping behaviour.”Journal of Retailing and Gill, A., & Mathur, N. (2011).Board Size,
CEO Duality, and the Value of Canadian Manufacturing Firms. Journal of Applied Finance and Banking, 1(3), 1-13.
[13]. Gillan, S. L. (2006). Recent Developments in Corporate Governance: An Overview. Journal of Corporate Finance, 12(3), 381-402.
[14]. Green, B.N., Johnson, C.D. and Adam, A. (2006). Writing Narrative Literature Reviews for peer reviewed journals: Secrets of the
Trade. Journal of Chiropractic Medicine. 5(3), 101-114.
[15]. Gronbjerg, K. A. (2010). The U.S. nonprofit human service sector: A creeping revolution. In Hasenfeld, Y. (Ed.), Human services
as complex organizations, 79–96).
[16]. Gugler, K. (2010). Corporate governance and investment. International Journal of the Haque, F., Arum, T. & Kirkpatrick, C.
(2006). Corporate Governance and Capital Markets: A Conceptual Framework.
[17]. Hasenfeld, Y. (2010). The Attributes of Human Service Organizations, 9–32.
[18]. Hillman, A. J., & Dalziel, T. (2003). Boards of Directors and Firm Performance: Integrating Agency and Resource Dependence
Perspectives. Academy of Management Review, 28(3), 383-396.
[19]. Hillman, A. J., Cannella, A. A., & Paetzold, R. L. (2011).The Resource Dependence Role of Corporate Directors: Strategic
Adaptation of Board Composition in Response to Environmental Change. Journal of Management Studies, 37(2), 235-256.
[20]. Ncube, F. and Maunganidze, L. (2012). Corporate Governance and Executive Compensation in Zimbabwean State Owned
Enterprises: A Case of Institutionalized Predation, Management Journal, 4 (6), 131-140.
[21]. Peng, M. W., Li, Y., Xie, E., & Su, Z. (2010). Ceo Duality, Organizational Slack, and Firm Performance in China. Asia Pacific
Journal of Management, 27(4), 611-624.
[22]. Khan, A., &Awan, S. (2012). Effect of Board Composition on Firm„s Performance: A Case of Pakistani Listed Companies.
Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(10), 853-863.
[23]. Kothari, C. R. (2012). Research Methodology and Technique. New Delhi: New Age Leedy, P. D. and Ormrod, J. E. (2010).
Practical Research: Planning and Design (8th
Ed). Loue, S., and Case, S.L. (2011). Textbook of research ethics: Theory and practice.
New York: Plenum Press.
[24]. Ogbechie, C (2012): Corporate Governance A Challenge For Nigerian Banks. [Online] [Retrieved on 17/09/16] from
http://www.businessdayonline.com.
[25]. Pagano, M., & Volpin, P. (2005).The Political Economy of Corporate Governance. The American Economic Review. 95(4)1005-
1030
[26]. Rathore, J.A. (2005). An OECD Perspective on Corporate Governance and Ownership Structure in India. Aarhus School of
Business: Denmark.
[27]. Razaee, Z. (2009). Corporate Governance & Ethics. John Wiley & Sons. New Jersey: USA Razaee, Z. (2007). Corporate
Governance Post Sarbanes-Oxley: Regulations.Requirements and Integrated Processes. New Jersey: USA
[28]. Sim, M. (Ed.). (2010). Ethics of Scientific research. Lanham, MD: Rowan and Littlefield.
[29]. Stanley, B., Sieber, J.E., & Melton, G.B. (Ed.). (2010). Research ethics: A psychological approach. Lincoln: University of Nebraska
Press.
[30]. Strauss, A. & Corbin, J. (2006).Basics of Qualitative Research: Techniques and Procedures for developing grounded Theory. (2nd
Ed.). Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
[31]. Tirole, M. (2009). Corporate Governance. Econometria. 69(1)1-35 Zikmund, W. (2010). Business Research Methods. London;
Dryden.