Emotion_Sex_VSS_2012
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1. The study examined whether familiarity affects the ability to recognize emotions from faces. Participants learned to recognize 10 faces with happy expressions and were later tested on their ability to identify confused, disgusted, or neutral expressions on those familiar faces and unfamiliar faces. 2. The results showed that males had a larger familiarity effect, recognizing emotions more accurately for all familiar faces compared to unfamiliar faces. Females only showed improved recognition for the most difficult emotion, confused, on familiar faces. 3. The findings suggest that familiarity can help with more difficult emotion recognition tasks by allowing identity information to aid in determining the emotion being expressed. Familiarity effects were stronger for female faces even though emotions were equally accurate between male and
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I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
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Personality and Individual Differences 51 (2011) 764–768Cont.docx
Personality and Individual Differences 51 (2011) 764–768
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Personality and Individual Differences
j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / p a i d
Emotional intelligence and social perception
Kendra P.A. DeBusk, Elizabeth J. Austin ⇑
Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology, and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received 18 March 2011
Received in revised form 22 June 2011
Accepted 24 June 2011
Available online 23 July 2011
Keywords:
Emotional intelligence
Social perception
Cross-race
Cross-cultural
0191-8869/$ - see front matter � 2011 Elsevier Ltd. A
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.06.026
⇑ Corresponding author.
E-mail address: [email protected] (E.J. Au
One of the key facets of emotional intelligence (EI) is the capacity of an individual to recognise emotions
in others. However, this has not been tested cross-culturally, despite the body of research indicating that
people are better at recognising facial affect of members of their own culture. Given the emotion recog-
nition aspect of EI, it would seem that EI should be related to correctly identifying emotion in others
regardless of race. In order to test this, a social perception inspection time task was carried out in which
participants (41 Caucasian and 46 Far-East Asian) were required to identify the emotion on Caucasian and
Far-East Asian faces that were happy, sad, or angry. Results from this study indicate that EI was not
related to correctly identifying facial expressions. The results did confirm that participants are better able
to recognise people of their own ethnicity, though this was only applicable to negative emotions.
� 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Emotion perception is an important capability which impacts
the ability of individuals to negotiate their social environment.
There is evidence that the ability to perceive others’ emotions is af-
fected by whether the target person is a member of the same racial
or cultural group as the perceiver. This phenomenon is conceptu-
ally linked to that of facial recognition as a function of target
race/culture. In order to place the literature of cross-race and
cross-culture facial emotion recognition in context, we first review
the literature on cross-group face recognition.
A meta-analysis (Meissner & Brigham, 2001) indicated a robust
own-race bias in memory for faces. The theoretical interpretation
of this phenomenon has been based on the idea that greater expo-
sure to an individual’s own racial group than to other groups al-
lows them to develop greater expertise in recognising own-race
faces. More detailed studies have linked this performance advan-
tage to more efficient encoding and greater use of holistic process-
ing when the target is an own-race face (e.g. Michel, Caldara, &
Rossion, 2006; Walker & .
poster
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Gender and emotions
Men do experience emotions, according to a study that measured the emotional intelligence of 30 individuals (15 men and 15 women). The study found that the average emotional intelligence scores of men (2.98) and women (3.01) were very similar, contradicting the common belief that men are less emotionally intelligent. While society views men as less adept at interpreting nonverbal emotional cues, this data showed that both men and women are equally capable of recognizing feelings in others and themselves. The results support the hypothesis that men possess emotions and emotional intelligence, despite cultural norms that discourage the open expression of emotions in men.
Poker_Poster_2013
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Development ofemotionrecognition
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Pensar acciones o palabras
This document summarizes research on implicit versus explicit meta-cognition and theory of mind in animals and humans. It discusses how comparative psychology has found evidence that some animal species can monitor their mental states (meta-cognition), though they have generally not shown robust theory of mind capabilities. The document reviews studies showing that animals like dolphins and monkeys can demonstrate meta-cognitive abilities through their use of optional "uncertainty responses" during perceptual tasks, declining difficult trials when uncertainty is highest. It argues comparative psychology provides insights into the evolution of these sophisticated mental abilities in humans.
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I’m a young Pakistani Blogger, Academic Writer, Freelancer, Quaidian & MPhil Scholar, Quote Lover, Co-Founder at Essar Student Fund & Blueprism Academia, belonging from Mehdiabad, Skardu, Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan.
I am an academic writer & freelancer! I can work on Research Paper, Thesis Writing, Academic Research, Research Project, Proposals, Assignments, Business Plans, and Case study research.
Expertise:
Management Sciences, Business Management, Marketing, HRM, Banking, Business Marketing, Corporate Finance, International Business Management
For Order Online:
Whatsapp: +923452502478
Portfolio Link: https://blueprismacademia.wordpress.com/
Email: arguni.hasnain@gmail.com
Follow Me:
Linkedin: arguni_hasnain
Instagram : arguni.hasnain
Facebook: arguni.hasnain
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Similar to Emotion_Sex_VSS_2012
Personality and Individual Differences 51 (2011) 764–768Cont.docx
Personality and Individual Differences 51 (2011) 764–768
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Personality and Individual Differences
j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w . e l s e v i e r . c o m / l o c a t e / p a i d
Emotional intelligence and social perception
Kendra P.A. DeBusk, Elizabeth J. Austin ⇑
Department of Psychology, School of Philosophy, Psychology, and Language Sciences, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history:
Received 18 March 2011
Received in revised form 22 June 2011
Accepted 24 June 2011
Available online 23 July 2011
Keywords:
Emotional intelligence
Social perception
Cross-race
Cross-cultural
0191-8869/$ - see front matter � 2011 Elsevier Ltd. A
doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.06.026
⇑ Corresponding author.
E-mail address: [email protected] (E.J. Au
One of the key facets of emotional intelligence (EI) is the capacity of an individual to recognise emotions
in others. However, this has not been tested cross-culturally, despite the body of research indicating that
people are better at recognising facial affect of members of their own culture. Given the emotion recog-
nition aspect of EI, it would seem that EI should be related to correctly identifying emotion in others
regardless of race. In order to test this, a social perception inspection time task was carried out in which
participants (41 Caucasian and 46 Far-East Asian) were required to identify the emotion on Caucasian and
Far-East Asian faces that were happy, sad, or angry. Results from this study indicate that EI was not
related to correctly identifying facial expressions. The results did confirm that participants are better able
to recognise people of their own ethnicity, though this was only applicable to negative emotions.
� 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Emotion perception is an important capability which impacts
the ability of individuals to negotiate their social environment.
There is evidence that the ability to perceive others’ emotions is af-
fected by whether the target person is a member of the same racial
or cultural group as the perceiver. This phenomenon is conceptu-
ally linked to that of facial recognition as a function of target
race/culture. In order to place the literature of cross-race and
cross-culture facial emotion recognition in context, we first review
the literature on cross-group face recognition.
A meta-analysis (Meissner & Brigham, 2001) indicated a robust
own-race bias in memory for faces. The theoretical interpretation
of this phenomenon has been based on the idea that greater expo-
sure to an individual’s own racial group than to other groups al-
lows them to develop greater expertise in recognising own-race
faces. More detailed studies have linked this performance advan-
tage to more efficient encoding and greater use of holistic process-
ing when the target is an own-race face (e.g. Michel, Caldara, &
Rossion, 2006; Walker & .
poster
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2) Higher ethnic identity was associated with greater perceived racial discrimination. Individuals with stronger ethnic identity may be more sensitive to prejudice.
3) Increased perceived racial discrimination was linked to higher stress levels. Exposure to racial discrimination can increase perceived personal stress.
4) Stronger ethnic identity, higher stress, and darker skin color predicted greater perceived racial discrimination. Individuals with these characteristics may be more likely to interpret interactions as racially charged.
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This document discusses gender differences in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It notes that most research reports sex differences rather than gender differences. Five hypotheses are proposed regarding the relationships between gender identity, conformity to gender norms, and PTSD symptoms. The proposed methods section describes plans to survey 200 adults with a traumatic experience using instruments to measure gender identity and roles, conformity to masculinity/femininity norms, and PTSD symptoms. Data analysis would examine relationships between these variables and look for differences between men and women.
Gender and emotions
Men do experience emotions, according to a study that measured the emotional intelligence of 30 individuals (15 men and 15 women). The study found that the average emotional intelligence scores of men (2.98) and women (3.01) were very similar, contradicting the common belief that men are less emotionally intelligent. While society views men as less adept at interpreting nonverbal emotional cues, this data showed that both men and women are equally capable of recognizing feelings in others and themselves. The results support the hypothesis that men possess emotions and emotional intelligence, despite cultural norms that discourage the open expression of emotions in men.
Poker_Poster_2013
This study examined whether poker players are better at recognizing facial expressions of emotion compared to non-players. Researchers tested 15 frequent live poker players and 24 non-players on their ability to identify photos displaying neutral, happy, disgust, fear, or sad emotions. Poker players performed slightly better at recognizing happy expressions but were slightly worse at recognizing other emotions overall compared to non-players. The results suggest that while emotion recognition is not a single unified skill, experience may improve ability to recognize some emotions like signals of potential winning hands in poker players.
Development ofemotionrecognition
This study examined the development of emotion recognition abilities in individuals with autism compared to typically developing controls. In Experiment 1, children ages 5-7 were shown brief video clips of facial expressions varying in subtlety and were asked to identify the emotions. Children with autism performed worse than controls. Experiment 2 tested three age groups (8-12 years, 13-17 years, and adults) on the same stimuli. Whereas control performance improved with age, individuals with autism showed similar performance across age groups. The results suggest that individuals with autism have more difficulty recognizing subtle emotions compared to controls, and they do not show the same developmental improvement in this ability seen in typical individuals.
Pensar acciones o palabras
This document summarizes research on implicit versus explicit meta-cognition and theory of mind in animals and humans. It discusses how comparative psychology has found evidence that some animal species can monitor their mental states (meta-cognition), though they have generally not shown robust theory of mind capabilities. The document reviews studies showing that animals like dolphins and monkeys can demonstrate meta-cognitive abilities through their use of optional "uncertainty responses" during perceptual tasks, declining difficult trials when uncertainty is highest. It argues comparative psychology provides insights into the evolution of these sophisticated mental abilities in humans.
Gender differences
This document provides a summary and response to an article titled "Gender Differences in Intimacy, Emotional Expressivity and Relationship Satisfaction." The summary discusses key findings from the article, including that women reported higher levels of supportiveness and negative emotional expressivity, while men reported higher levels of nonverbal and verbal affection and intimacy in relationships. However, men reported lower levels of relationship satisfaction. The response paper analyzes the article's methodology and conclusions, noting some limitations but finding the theoretical framework and arguments to be logically sound.
Jonathan Ketley Dissertation
This document summarizes a study that investigated gender differences in the expression, interpretation, and stereotyping of emotions using art interpretation. 64 participants rated the emotions portrayed in abstract expressionist and baroque paintings when the perceived gender of the artist was male or female. Based on previous research, it was predicted that paintings believed to be by females would be rated as expressing emotions like love, sadness, fear, awe, and sympathy to a greater degree than those believed to be by males. The study found support for stereotypes that pride, sympathy, and frustration are gender-stereotyped emotions. It also identified depression as a stereotype uniquely held by males. The use of art interpretation provided insights into unconscious emotional stereotypes in a novel way
Men and affection: The examination of gender roles and masculine traits as fa...
The document discusses research on differences in how men and women express emotion. It finds that while men experience emotion as intensely as women, they often choose not to express it or express it in non-traditional ways. Some key differences noted are that men tend to express affection through actions rather than words, see intimacy as including physical closeness, and communicate commitment rather than fidelity in relationships. The conclusion is that men are capable of full emotional experience but their natural expressions are often unrecognized due to traditional expectations viewing affection expression through a feminine lens.
Emotion Recognition and Emotional Resonance: Exploring the Relationship betwe...
This document summarizes a study that explored the relationship between facial expression recognition and empathy. The study found that females scored higher than males on an empathy questionnaire. Scores on the empathy questionnaire were positively correlated with accuracy in identifying facial expressions. Participants were most accurate and resonated most with facial expressions of happiness and the three female facial stimuli. Certain emotions like happiness and surprise were identified more accurately than others like fear and anger. Females recognized anger more accurately than males. The findings support a relationship between empathy and facial expression recognition abilities.
Gender
Gender refers to the psychological sense of maleness or femaleness related to one's culture or society, whereas sex refers to biological attributes. Gender development involves learning gender roles and stereotypes from a young age through socialization. Gender identity forms between ages 2-3 and involves identifying as male or female, while gender constancy develops at ages 6-7 with the understanding that gender is permanent. Gender stereotyping can be positive or negative, but is inherently harmful as it reduces individuals to narrow roles and leads to making assumptions about people based on their gender.
Facebook Talk on Empathy and Technology
This presentation discusses empathy research and its applications to technology. It defines empathy as having both cognitive and affective components, including perspective-taking and feeling another's emotions. Studies show empathy increases with familiarity, similarity, learning, past experience, and salience. However, online interventions to increase empathy have mixed results and may paradoxically increase bias when perspective-taking is forced. The presenter's own research found the distraction condition reduced bias most, while empathy interventions increased self-centeredness. Moving forward, the presenter advocates reducing narcissism, strengthening self-esteem, and using collaboration to expand self-interest and create a sense of common humanity when designing empathy interventions online.
Terrence Sawyer 2 postsReModule 1 DQ 1The accuracy of fir.docx
Terrence Sawyer
2 posts
Re:Module 1 DQ 1
The accuracy of first impressions is of particular interest to those studying attribution theories. Give an example of a situation in which a first impression led you to make a correct attribution and one in which the attribution you made from a first impression was wrong. Which theory of attribution is most supported by your experiences? Why?
How people create first impressions in this writer’s opinion on the onset of this information is an individual endeavor. I support the information that individuals attribute the behavior of others more so to an individual's attitudes and inner traits and do not consider situational constraints that may be obvious or not (Weiner & Stewart, 1984b). First impressions are affected by various factors, Facial expression, and the cues received from the impressions reflecting observance of one’s behavior leading more again to internal attribution in the impression.
In parallel with Heider in most first impressions I will tend to be pra¨gnanz, perceiving environment according to conditions, seeking clarity for accurate impression (Crandall, Silvia, N’Gbala, Tsang, & Dawson, 2007).
Generally, for myself it is not so much facial expressions I observe as much as attitude and energy. In first meeting my current supervisor from facial expressions I would have declared I was sized up and judged on some scale of class. The stern non expression on the face was perceived as the person being condescending and narcissistic. Yet with the body language there was an energy of interest and curiosity with that revealed impressions of a person of grace and liberal understanding. This perception turned out to be correct. Yet there have been cases where this energy was a farce as with the facial expression reflected interest and concern. As with a recent interview I attended where the energy seemed positive and the facial expressions were direct and polite. Later I was informed I was perceived as inconsistent to the position and lacking understanding, yet I did not see this perception at all. I opened up to be more personal in the interview with the first impression of being with a candid and direct person. Thinking I was clearly understood and would be told differently as to my first impression led me to not be as explanatory in my answers.
The general patterns of theories formed in first impressions are aligned with my culture, and patterns from different experiences. A cluster of behaviors organize an impression based on causal links connecting internal and external attributes (“Social psychology: Third edition by Eliot R. Smith and Diane M. Mackie,” n.d.).
Crandall, C. S., Silvia, P. J., N’Gbala, A. N., Tsang, J.-A., & Dawson, K. (2007). Balance theory, unit relations, and attribution: The underlying integrity of Heiderian theory. Review of General Psychology, 11(1), 12–30. doi:10.1037/1089-2680.11.1.12
Social psychology: Third edition by Eliot R. Smith and Diane M. Mackie. Retrie ...
Converging Evidence That Stereotype Threat ReducesWorking Me.docx
The three experiments tested whether stereotype threat reduces working memory capacity. In Experiment 1, priming negative gender stereotypes reduced women's working memory capacity. Experiment 2 found that priming negative stereotypes about Latinos also reduced their working memory capacity. Experiment 3 revealed that the reduction in working memory capacity mediated the effect of stereotype threat on women's math performance. The results provide evidence that stereotype threat interferes with test performance by reducing individuals' working memory capacity.
Journal ol Personality and Social Psychology71, Vol. 17, No..docx
Journal ol Personality and Social Psychology
71, Vol. 17, No. 2, 124-1291971,
CONSTANTS ACROSS CULTURES IN THE FACE
AND EMOTION '
PAUL EKMAN2
University of California, San Francisco
WALLACE V. FRIESEN
Langley Porter Ne/iropsycliialric Institute
This study addresses the question of whether any facial expressions of emotion
are universal. Recent studies showing that members of literate cultures associated
the same emotion concepts with the same facial behaviors could not demonstrate
that at least some facial expressions of emotion are universal; the cultures compared
had all been exposed to some of the same mass media presentations of facial expres-
sion, and these may have taught the people in each culture to recognize the unique
facial expressions of other cultures. To show that members of a preliterate culture
who had minimal exposure to literate cultures would associate the same emotion
concepts with the same facial behaviors as do members of Western and Eastern
literate cultures, data were gathered in New Guinea by telling subjects a story,
showing them a set of three faces, and asking them to select the face which showed
the emotion appropriate to the story. The results provide evidence in support of
the hypothesis that the association between particular facial muscular patterns
and discrete emotions is universal.
Prolonged and at times heated controversy
has failed to demonstrate whether facial be-
haviors associated with emotion are universal
for man or specific to each culture. Darwin
(1872) postulated universals in facial behavior
on the basis of his evolutionary theory. Allport
(1924), Asch (1952), and Tomkins (1962, 1963)
have also postulated universals in emotional
facial behavior, although each writer offered a
different theoretical basis for his expectation.
The culture-specific view, that facial behaviors
become associated with emotion through cul-
turally variable learning, received support from
Klineberg's (1938) descriptions of how the
facial behaviors described in Chinese literature
differed from the facial behaviors associated
1 The authors are indebted to E. Richard Sorenson,
National Institute of Neurological Diseases and Blind-
ness, for collaboration in planning the early stages of
this research, and providing background material rele-
vant to understanding of the Fore people. The authors
are also grateful to Neville Hoffman, University of
Western Australia, for his extraordinary ability to
enlist cooperation from subjects and his many useful
suggestions about the procedure. The research was
supported by Grant AFOSR 1229-67 from the Advanced
Research Projects Agency and Career Scientist De-
velopment Award 5-K02-MH060 92 from the National
Institute of Mental Health. Patricia Garlan and Robert
Kleck provided editorial help on the preparation of
this report.
2 Requests for reprints should be sent to Paul Ekman,
Studies in Nonverbal Behavior, University of Cali-
formia, 140S Fourth Avenue, San Francisco, Californi ...
Effects of Anxiety &Gender on Perception Taking
This study examined the effects of social anxiety and gender on performance on a theory of mind task. The study hypothesized that social anxiety would negatively impact performance, especially for those with instructors of the opposite gender. A test was given to 48 college students, with half receiving an anxiety manipulation. Results found no significant main effects of anxiety or gender match on scores. There was also no significant interaction between anxiety and gender. The hypotheses were not supported, as social anxiety and gender of the instructor did not impact theory of mind task performance.
Have Your Cake And Eat It Too: An Exploration of Cheating in Dating Relations...
The document presents findings from a study exploring cheating in dating relationships. It summarizes previous literature on the topic and outlines two hypotheses: that those in long-distance relationships or who spend less time with their partner will be more likely to cheat. Interviews with 3 subjects who had cheated supported some hypotheses, finding intoxication and emotional attraction increased cheating, though effects on relationships were minimal.
05emotion
This document discusses theories and research related to human emotions. It covers topics such as what emotions are, how they are experienced and expressed, how they are measured and influenced by culture and gender, and their relationship to cognition and the brain. Theories of emotion discussed include the James-Lange, Cannon-Bard, and Schachter-Singer theories. The document also discusses basic emotions, facial feedback research, and ways to foster healthy emotional functioning.
Chronic Emotional Detachment, Disorders, and Treatment-Team B
This document discusses chronic emotional detachment and how it may lead to increased rates of mental health disorders like anxiety, depression, and PTSD. It hypothesizes that suppressing natural emotions to conform to societal pressures causes stress and depersonalization over time. When a distressing trigger occurs, this imbalance can lead to mental disorders. The document reviews literature linking emotional suppression to increased disorders in populations like veterans and refugees. It proposes studying the relationship between evolutionary survival mechanisms and societal norms. The methodology section describes a mixed-methods study using surveys, interviews, and archival data from a random sample to understand subjective emotional experiences and medication effectiveness.
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Personality and Individual Differences 51 (2011) 764–768Cont.docx
Personality and Individual Differences 51 (2011) 764–768Cont.docx
Men and affection: The examination of gender roles and masculine traits as fa...
Men and affection: The examination of gender roles and masculine traits as fa...
Emotion Recognition and Emotional Resonance: Exploring the Relationship betwe...
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Terrence Sawyer 2 postsReModule 1 DQ 1The accuracy of fir.docx
Terrence Sawyer 2 postsReModule 1 DQ 1The accuracy of fir.docx
Converging Evidence That Stereotype Threat ReducesWorking Me.docx
Converging Evidence That Stereotype Threat ReducesWorking Me.docx
Journal ol Personality and Social Psychology71, Vol. 17, No..docx
Journal ol Personality and Social Psychology71, Vol. 17, No..docx
Have Your Cake And Eat It Too: An Exploration of Cheating in Dating Relations...
Have Your Cake And Eat It Too: An Exploration of Cheating in Dating Relations...
Chronic Emotional Detachment, Disorders, and Treatment-Team B
Chronic Emotional Detachment, Disorders, and Treatment-Team B
Emotion_Sex_VSS_2012
- 1. Posed images from Tottenham et al.(2009) Genuine images from Tarrlabface-place.org keyassignmentwascounterbalancedacross3computers The Role of Familiarity and Sex In Recognizing Spontaneous Emotional Expressions Jessie J Peissig, Shiela M Kelley, Carol M Huynh & Erin M Browning Department of Psychology,California State University Fullerton,Fullerton,CA 53.305 1. The ability to recognize emotion may be affected by factors such as the sex of the face or your familiarity with the individual Does familiarity affect a person’s ability to recognize emotion? - Several studies support the idea that emotion and identity are processes separately (e.g.,Bruce & Young, 1986;Young,McWeeny,Hay & Ellis,1986) - There is some data that indicates that,under some conditions,familiarity and emotion recognition do interact (Elfenbein & Ambady,2003; Kirita & Endo, 2001) Female emotional expressions may be easier to recognize - Females in general are thought to be better “emoters”than males - To control for this,we used facial expressions that had been previously tested and chose ones that were equivalent in accuracy for males and females Females may be better at emotion recognition if the task is more difficult (Hoffman,Kessler, Eppel,Rukavina,& Traue,2010) - Genuine expressions are more subtle than posed expressions,therefore they should be more difficult, increasing the possibility of finding sex differences 5. Across different expressions,male participants showed a bigger familiarity effect 2.Methods Learning Phase: -Participants were familiarized with 10 individuals with happy expressions (5 male/5 female) -They were asked to make a series of judgments about each face (e.g.,smoker/nonsmoker,attractive/unattractive),aimed at increasing the depth of processing. Testing Phase: -Participants were shown the 10 learned individuals,plus an additional 10 unlearned individuals (5 male/5 female) -They were required to label the emotion of each face -Faces were shown with confused,disgust,and neutral expressions Pre-Experiment Testing: -Both the familiar and unfamiliar faces had been previously tested for accuracy (mean of 50.9% accuracy for each set) -There were two experimental groups,swapping which set of 10 faces was familiarized This research was supported by a California State University Fullerton Incentive Grant. Familiarity effects may be found only for emotion tasks that are more difficult, such as recognizing genuine emotions. In more difficult discriminations, perhaps the identity system can be accessed to aid in determining the emotion. 3. Method for Testing Phase - Label the Emotion (Confused,Disgust,or Neutral) 7. References 6. Conclusions Bruce,V.,& Young,A.(1986).Understanding face recognition.British Journal of Psychology,77,305-327. Elfenbein,H.A.,& Ambady,N.(2003).When familiarity breeds accu- racy:Cultural exposure and facial emotion recognition.Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,85,276-290. Hoffman, H., Kessler, H., Rukavina, S., & Traue, H. C. (2010). Expres- sion intensity, gender and facial emotion recognition: Women rec- ognize only subtle facial emotions better than men. Acta Psycho- logica, 135, 278-283. Kirita,T.,& Endo,M.(2001).Facial representations contain the infor- mation concerning expressions:Evidence from primingexperiments. Tohoku Psychologica Folia,60,45-60. Tarrlab face-place stimuli database.Retrieved February 2,2009 from www.face-place.org Tottenham,N.,Tanaka,J.,Leon,A.C.,McCarry,T.,Nurse,T.A.,Marcus, D.J.,Westerlund,A.,Casey,B.J.,& Nelson,C.A.M.,Hare,(2009).The NimStim set of facial expressions:Judgments from untrained re- search participants.Psychiatry Research,168,242-249 4. We found a significant familiarity effects for female faces Familiarity effects were driven largely by enhanced responding to female faces, even though the accuracy of identifying the emotion was equal for male and female emotion stimuli (as determined by a prior validation study). Males showed an overall improvement in recognizing all emotions when the individuals were familiar. Females showed improvement only for the most difficult emotion (confused). Perhaps males and females use identity information under different conditions. 250ms 500ms UntilResponse 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 Male Faces Female Faces MeanProportionCorrect Sex of Face Stimulus Accuracy for Familiar/Unfamiliar Faces Familiar Unfamiliar 1500 1550 1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 Male Faces Female Faces MeanResponseTimeforCorrectTrials Sex of Face Stimulus Response Times for Familiar/Unfamiliar Faces Familiar Unfamiliar 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 Confused Disgust Neutral Accuracy Familiar Faces Unfamiliar Faces 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1 Confused Disgust Neutral Accuracy Familiar Faces Unfamiliar Faces Male Participants,N=65 Female Participants,N=65 Identity and emotion recogniton do interact, at least under some conditions.