This document provides an overview of different types of measuring instruments used in engineering. It classifies instruments as either absolute or secondary, analog or digital, and deflection or null type. Absolute instruments read values indirectly using formulas, while secondary instruments read directly. Analog instruments use continuously varying signals, while digital instruments use discrete signals. Deflection instruments measure effects that cause mechanical deflection, like wattmeters. Null instruments compare measured effects to calibrated references to obtain a zero reading, like galvanometers. The document also lists some examples of instruments that fall into each classification.

1. GOVERNMENT ENGINEERING
COLLEGE-BHUJ,370001
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
SUBJECT:- ENGINEERING MEASURMENT
AND
MEASURING INSTRUMENT
PROF. :- Y.C.PATEL

2. NAME ENROLLMENT NO.
GANVIT KRUNAL 150150109039
CHUDASAMA BRIJRAJSINH 150150109024
BHALIYA MILAN 150150109009
ARADIYA ALPESH 150150109003
DHADUK PRASHANT 150150109029

3. Classification of Instrument

4. INTRODUCTION
The term measurement is defined as the
comparison of the unknown quantity with the
standard quantity.
A measuring instrument or meter for a
particular parameter or variable is a device or
a system which determines the value of the
parameter or variable by giving its magnitude.

5. Classification of Instrument
Absolute and Secondary Instrument.
Analog and Digital Instrument.
Deflection and Null type Instrument.

6. Absolute instrument:-
These instrument read the quantity under
measurement indirectly i.e. in terms
deflection, degrees and meter constant.
The actual value under measurement can be
calculated by using the formula=deflection
multiple by constant meter.
Ex. of these instrument:-
(1) Tangent galvanometer
(2) Current balance meter

7. Secondary Instrument:-
These instrument read the quantity under
measurement directly i.e. the meter commonly
used that as ammeter , voltmeter , watt meter
and energy meter.
Types:-
1)Depending upon the principle of
operation.
2)Depending upon permissible percentage error.
3)Depending upon application.

8. Analog Instrument :-
The signal which continuously vary and take
infinite values for a given range are called as
analog signal. The instrument that involves the
use of analog signal is called as an analog
instrument.
In analog system the function continually varies.
E.g. deflection type instrument like PMMC
ammeter , voltmeter , Null deflection instrument
like DC potentiometer ,Whetstone meter bridge
etc.

9. Digital Instrument:-
The signal which vary in discrete steps and
take a finite different values in the given range
are called digital signal. The instrument that
use of digital signal is called as digital
instrument.
E.g. of digital instrument are logic analyzer,
Microprocessor based instrument, computer,
Digital counter etc.

10. Deflection Instrument:-
Deflecting Type:-
In a Deflection type system,
the quantity to be measured produces an
effect either in the form of a voltage or a
current. This effect is then utilized to produce
a torque that causes a mechanical deflection.
Example:-
Wattmeter

11. Null Instrument:-
Null Type:-
In a Null type Instrument, the
quantity to be measured produces an effect
that is compared with an already calibrated
effect of another system. It is required to
obtain a zero value.
Example:-
Galvanometer

12. THANK YOU!!