R5-tropic HIV-1 was detected in 96% of treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients in India with subtype C infections, 71% of treatment-experienced South African patients with subtype C, and 86% and 71% of treatment-naive and treatment-experienced Ugandan patients with subtypes A/A1 and D, respectively. Prior antiretroviral treatment was associated with decreased R5 tropism across subtypes, though to a lesser extent in subtype C from India. R5 virus infection in subtypes C, A, and D correlated with higher CD4+ T cell counts.