Emmanuel Ngabirano
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Baylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation-Uganda (Baylor Uganda) is a nonprofit child health organization affiliated with Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative (BIPAI) based in Houston, Texas. Baylor Uganda was established in 2003 at Mulago Hospital in Kampala and was fully registered as an NGO in 2006. It currently operates the Baylor College of Medicine Bristol Myers Squibb Children’s Clinical Centre of Excellence. The document acknowledges the contributions of Dr. Emmanuel Ngabirano, who graduated from Baylor College of Medicine USA and conducted clinical trials and research at Baylor Uganda Clinic and Infectious Diseases Institute, including studies on antiretroviral drug pharmacokinetics and
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JRS_Recipients_2014_bios
The 2014 Junior Researcher Support Awards from the Australian Society for HIV Medicine (ASHM) recognized researchers focusing on HIV, viral hepatitis, and STIs. Award recipients included:
1) Zoe Stephens, a student researching the impact of overseas hepatitis B vaccination programs on chronic hepatitis B in Australia.
2) James Elliot, a medical student conducting hepatitis C research in a rural Australian city.
3) Dr. Damian Conway, a PhD candidate evaluating rapid HIV testing and barriers to HIV testing among gay and bisexual men in Sydney.
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Aanjaneya Childcare & Vaccination Center is a reputable clinic led by team of health professionals & Pediatric Doctor in Kota. With a strong focus on children's health and well-being, the center offers comprehensive healthcare services tailored to infants, toddlers, and adolescents. Led by experienced pediatricians, the center provides expert medical care, developmental assessments, vaccinations, and guidance for parents on various aspects of child health. Their commitment to quality care and a child-friendly environment makes Aanjaneya Childcare & Vaccination Center a trusted destination.
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Running head RESEARCH PAPER15RESEARCH PAPERDo.docx
Running head: RESEARCH PAPER 1
5
RESEARCH PAPER
Do the Benefits of Vaccination Outweigh Risks?
Yolanda Godbee
Columbia Southern University
Body Paragraphs Revision
Introduction
There have been arguments on whether the benefits of vaccination outweigh the risks. Many religious groups and non-governmental organizations have been on the front line in condemning vaccination. Most of these groups argue that vaccination does not only prevent children from contracting some diseases but also have their long-term side effects. Some of the religious groups have come out to claim that vaccination is used by some of the governments as a birth control method since it has effects on the hormones responsible for the formation of the fetus. However, the claims have not been substantiated (Sears, 2011). The groups have not rested their case there; some have access to resources, and they say they have conducted tests on some of the polio vaccines, and they found out that they affect most of the female children. They believe that the vaccine causes hormonal imbalance and therefore interfering with the normal process of conceiving and giving birth.
Vaccination prevents the children from contracting diseases as they develop. Vaccinations given to children at tender ages help then strengthen their immunity thus preventing a lot of diseases from infecting them. According to Sears (2011), the government of United States has championed for the vaccination to all children to help them grow healthy. The government champions the vaccination for children because of the enormous health benefits. Other countries like Australia, United Kingdom and Sweden are also championing for disease prevention in children and the society in general through vaccination. The spirit has been spread to other parts of the world like in Africa where last year the number of the vaccinated children increased by 37% in just two years. The move has not only seen many children being prevented from risky illnesses, but the society has also responded positively to the issue of immunization. Prevention of diseases is not the only benefit of vaccination.
Vaccination has also helped various countries to strengthen their economies in a significant way. Some diseases like Ebola, measles, polio and small pox can now be controlled through vaccination thus making people healthier and stronger to build the economy of their countries. This is evident in the 20th century when these diseases were killer diseases and governments spent lots of money in treating them hence making the economy weaker in the process. Evidently, recent research that was conducted by the Union of Doctors states that the number of people who died of polio and measles has drastically dropped and that is because vaccination has been embraced by many nations (Sears, 2011). As compared to the 20th century, the 21st century has seen most countries develop economically as more people are freed from these diseases throu ...
CyberSenga Dissemination Meeting: Session 1. The Motivation for CyberSenga
CyberSenga Dissemination Meeting: Session 1. The Motivation for CyberSengaCenter for Innovative Public Health Research
This document summarizes the motivation for the CyberSenga project, which aimed to develop an online HIV prevention program for adolescents in Uganda. It notes that while Uganda has had success reducing HIV rates, prevalence among youth is rising. Existing prevention focuses heavily on abstinence over condom use. A 2005 survey found 88% of Ugandan youth had Internet access, mostly at school, and 35% used it for HIV information. The CyberSenga project aimed to develop an online HIV prevention program to engage youth and better promote safe sex practices.14 tlid1074 klein
Early treatment of perinatally HIV-infected infants provides a unique opportunity to implement immunotherapeutic strategies to prolong viral remission without lifelong antiretroviral therapy. Infants treated within days of birth have a very small viral reservoir, high levels of HIV-resistant naive T cells, and an unparalleled ability to regenerate their immune system. This population is ideal for investigating immune-based therapies that could lead to viral control without medication. Successful strategies could change how HIV infection is managed for children worldwide.
MontePP_W07_final - Copy
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ConclusionAs we have stated in this paper earlier, we have seen .docx
Conclusion
As we have stated in this paper earlier, we have seen that the practice of vaccination has raised controversies. The supporters of vaccination are indicating that it has been able to save lives, especially that of children because it boosts immunity. The opponents are against it saying that vaccination has a lot of risks than benefits since it affects the hormones and interferes with the functioning of the body. This controversy is serious since it deals with health issues. When it stops, people will die from chronic diseases, and when this practice continues, health problems are likely to arise. However, there has to be a solution to this controversy, since opponents question the safety, effectiveness, and necessity of vaccination and also violation of the rights of an individual in the medical decision. On the other hand, vaccination has prevented suffering and death from deadly diseases. Therefore, the government and health institutions should first test the dangers and risk that can occur to an individual. Moreover, consent from an individual should be granted before they are administered.
Abstract
For approximately 80 years, controversies in vaccination have been going on. The opponents have stated that vaccination is neither safe nor effective regarding health whereas the supporters of vaccinations have indicated that vaccination has prevented suffering and death caused by infectious diseases. This paper will analyze both the benefits and drawbacks of the practice of vaccination. The benefits of vaccination are that it has prevented death and suffering from deadly diseases. Furthermore, diseases such as measles have been prevented and controlled, especially in children through the use of vaccination. Additionally, opponents have argued that vaccination has been a way of controlling population, particularly on the girl child. Another reason why vaccination is to be banned is that sometimes they are given all at once, and this causes allergies to some of the children. Therefore, a conclusion should be made on whether vaccination should be practiced or not.
Running head: REVISION OF LITERATURE REVIEW AND INTRODUCTION 1
REVISION OF LITERATURE REVIEW AND INTRODUCTION 7
Revision of Literature Review and Introduction
Yolanda Godbee
Columbia Southern University
Introduction
Vaccinations is the process by which antigenic substances called vaccines are administered to the body to enable or boost the immune system of individuals against certain diseases or pathogens. The main aim of vaccination is to improve the immunity and prevent the vulnerability of individuals or their susceptibility to certain sicknesses and illnesses. There are two major perspectives of this study which is the pro side of vaccination and the con side of vaccination.
The pro side of vaccination is generally the benefits of vaccination administration which are such as the safety.
1. Coalition ProposalVaccination Policy for Infectious Disease P.docx
1. Coalition Proposal
Vaccination Policy for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control
Scope of the Problem
Vaccines have done an excellent job at preventing many diseases, some of which can be deadly if not prevented. When bacteria or viruses enter the body, they immediately begin to attack and multiply, which then causes an infection. The immune system will then fight off the infection and establish antibodies, which will help recognize and fight off the same disease in the future. For this very reason, it has been important for children to be vaccinated at an early age so that they may establish those antibodies their bodies need. Vaccines act as the disease so that the body may produce antibodies, but the good thing is that it won’t cause an infection (CDC, 2017).
There are current policies that mandate vaccinations in the U.S., for example, all children are required to be up to date on their vaccines before beginning school. The problem is that there are many loopholes and exceptions to the rule, whether it’s due to religious reasons or other medical issues. Because of this, there are still many children and adults who have yet to be fully compliant with vaccine requirements
Some important statistics to note (Johns Hopkins Medicine):
· CDC estimated 2,700 new cases of hepatitis A in the U.S.
· It is estimated that in 2011, 19,000 new cases of hepatitis B and 17,000 cases of hepatitis C occurred.
· In 2012, nearly 10,000 new cases of tuberculosis were reported.
· Approximately 36,000 people per year die from influenza and pneumonia.
· 50,000 new cases of HIV infection occur annually.
· In 2012, new cases of STD’s were reported, including HPV, Chlamydia, Gonorrhea, HIV, and Syphilis.
Who is affected by this problem? Identify.
Children are mainly affected by this problem due to parents’ hesitancy for vaccinations. Although law mandates for children to be vaccinated for school enrollment, parents have the option to use exemptions to avoid having their children vaccinated. Currently, medical exemptions are allowed for medical reasons in all states, and it is estimated that one to three percent of children are excused from vaccinations because of these exemptions. Parents have continued to use reasons to avoid vaccinations, for example, the belief that the decline in vaccine-preventable diseases is due to improved health care, hygiene, and sanitation (Ventola, C. L., 2016).
Health disparities among Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites have played a huge role in terms of vaccination coverage. Studies have shown that health insurance has a direct impact on the vaccination coverage in adults, therefore, low-income families who can’t afford health insurance will most likely not get the vaccines they need. With that being said, uninsured prevalence was higher among non-Hispanic blacks (19.5%) and Hispanics (30.1%) compared with non-Hispanic whites (11.1%) (Lu, P., et al, 2015).
What has been written on the issue and policy options?
There ha.
2016-02-11 - CV Grace Najjuka - Modified (Autosaved)-2
Grace Najjuka has over 25 years of experience in medical microbiology and laboratory work. She holds a Master of Medicine in Medical Microbiology from Makerere University and has worked in roles such as Medical Officer at Joint Clinical Research Centre and Assistant Lecturer at Makerere University. Her expertise includes infectious disease diagnosis, treatment, and research. She is currently serving as Acting Head of Microbiology at Joint Clinical Research Centre, where she supervises laboratory operations and staff.
Leading Discovery: URC Contributions to the Life, Medical and Health Sciences
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The life, medical, and health sciences represent a broad array of disciplines that generally involve the biology and health of people, plants, and animals. These fields, especially when the provision of medical care is included, make up an important and growing part of Michigan’s economy. Approximately 533,000 Michiganders were employed in one of these sectors in 2015, representing approximately one in eight jobs. Between 2011 and 2015, the sector added 21,000 jobs, with growth of 4.2 percent. While this growth is slower than the overall economy during this period, this slower growth is misleading. Michigan’s economy is still recovering from the sharp employment declines that occurred in the 2000s, a decline that the life, medical, and health sciences did not experience. Compared to its 2000 level, employment in the life, medical and health sciences is up 18.9 percent, while overall Michigan employment is still down 9.3 percent.1 The ability of the sector to grow while the rest of Michigan’s economy was contracting represents an important stabilizing force for the economy. Similar to Emmanuel Ngabirano (20)
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ConclusionAs we have stated in this paper earlier, we have seen .docx
ConclusionAs we have stated in this paper earlier, we have seen .docx
1. Coalition ProposalVaccination Policy for Infectious Disease P.docx
1. Coalition ProposalVaccination Policy for Infectious Disease P.docx
2016-02-11 - CV Grace Najjuka - Modified (Autosaved)-2
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Leading Discovery: URC Contributions to the Life, Medical and Health Sciences
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Emmanuel Ngabirano
Emmanuel Ngabirano is a Ugandan Physician who grew up and Gruaduated from Baylor College of Medicinein USA. He later in 2012 took in the role of US-CDC to the executive board and a team represented and mentioned him to the President of United States Barrack Obama. He is well known as a young physician. Emmanuels family leaves in Fairfax Virginia and re-allocated to Lakeside. He is now working on HIV drug Interaction in urban hospitals in Africa.
Research-Emmanuel Ngabirano
Nevirapine levels were measured in plasma and breast milk of 120 Ugandan women who received single-dose nevirapine to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission. At 1 week postpartum, nevirapine was detected in all plasma samples and 92% of breast milk samples, with median levels of 171 ng/mL and 112 ng/mL respectively. HIV viral loads in both plasma and breast milk dropped significantly by 1 week. Nevirapine was still detectable in plasma through 4 weeks but levels decreased over time. HIV viral loads in plasma and breast milk were highly correlated at delivery.
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R5-tropic HIV-1 was detected in 96% of treatment-naive and treatment-experienced patients in India with subtype C infections, 71% of treatment-experienced South African patients with subtype C, and 86% and 71% of treatment-naive and treatment-experienced Ugandan patients with subtypes A/A1 and D, respectively. Prior antiretroviral treatment was associated with decreased R5 tropism across subtypes, though to a lesser extent in subtype C from India. R5 virus infection in subtypes C, A, and D correlated with higher CD4+ T cell counts.
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Intravenous artesunate achieved rapid therapeutic concentrations and was well-tolerated in Ugandan adults with severe malaria. All 14 participants achieved prompt symptom resolution and complete parasite clearance within a median of 17 hours. Artesunate reached a median maximum concentration of 3260 ng/mL within 0.25 hours and was eliminated quickly. Its active metabolite, dihydroartemisinin, also reached high concentrations rapidly with no reported adverse events. The study demonstrates that intravenous artesunate is effective and safe for treating severe malaria in this population.
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Nevirapine levels were measured in plasma and breast milk of 120 Ugandan women who received single-dose nevirapine to prevent mother-to-child HIV transmission. At 1 week postpartum, nevirapine was detected in all plasma samples and 92% of breast milk samples, with median levels of 171 ng/mL and 112 ng/mL respectively. HIV viral loads in both plasma and breast milk dropped significantly by 1 week. Nevirapine was still detectable in plasma through 4 weeks but levels decreased over time. HIV viral loads in plasma and breast milk were highly correlated at delivery.
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This document discusses challenges with chronic HIV care and the need to transition to a chronic care model. It proposes task shifting to allow non-physicians like nurses and community health workers to play a larger role in HIV care and treatment. This helps address staffing shortages and allows for scale up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs. ART aides who are lay providers or community members can be trained to provide adherence support, education, and psychosocial services as part of a multi-level chronic care approach integrating facility and community-based care.Emmanuel Ngabirano
This document presents a case study of a 31-year-old HIV-positive male patient co-infected with tuberculosis. He has a history of poor adherence, weight loss, and declining CD4 counts while on his first antiretroviral regimen. He was eventually switched to a new regimen after being hospitalized with cough, chest pain, fever and night sweats. His partner is considering leaving him due to the challenges of caring for him, and his relatives are unwilling to help. He will require long-term social and treatment support.
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- 1. fIsButton1fLayoutInCell1 Baylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation-UgandaBlock 5, Mulago Hospital P.O. Box 72052, Clock Tower Kampala – UGANDATel:+256‐0417‐119100/125E‐mail:admin@baylor‐uganda.org www.bayloraids.org C/o Baylor College of Medicine USA through International Medical Professional Resistances (IMPR) Baylor College of Medicine Children's Foundation Uganda (Baylor Uganda) is an indigenous not for-profit child health and development organization affiliated to the Baylor International Pediatric AIDS Initiative (BIPAI).BIPAI is a global partnership established in 1996 at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston ,Texas USA working to expand access to pediatric HIV/AIDS services. Baylor Uganda was established in 2003 at the Pediatrics Infectious Diseases Clinic in Ward 15 of the National Referral Hospital Mulago.2006; the organization was fully registered as an NGO and currently operates at the Baylor College of Medicine Bristol Myers Squibb Children’s Clinical Centre of Excellence (COE). Emmanuel Ngabirano graduated as an outstanding expert in Treatment and diagnosis of HIV individuals with Baylor College of Medicine USA testing his modules at the Baylor Uganda Clinic, Emmanuel’s Clinical Trails research focused on Pharmacokinetics of Antiretroviral Drugs and initiated the first second line treatment of HAART-Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in patients during their early initiation of ART. Emmanuel’s contribution is supporting and conducting different Clinical trials at the Infectious Diseases Institute an Adult clinic for complicated cases of HIV and other infectious Diseases in urban Kampala, Trials and successful papers written include; “A prospective study of HIV-infected adolescents: monitoring growth, development and recovery while on antiretroviral therapy” “The Dual Importance of Immunologic and Virologic Monitoring of Antiretroviral Therapy in Resource-limited Settings” “Comparison of two manual bead-based assays (Dyanbeads and Cytospheres) to FACScount at a public, urban clinic in Kampala, Uganda” “Cryptoccocal Meningitis a common cause of mortality among AIDS patients initiated on HAART” to mention but a few We therefore acknowledge your contribution and seek for your further continuous support to Baylor Uganda Training and Research Department for the next 3 years Yours truly, Cc, Dr.Emmanuel Ngabirano Infectious Diseases Institute-Makerere University