1. INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALAYA
RAIPUR (C.G.)
PRESENTATION
ON
PRESENTED BY:
SARITA GHIDODE
Ph.D AG (ABM)
Department of Agribusiness and Rural
management
EMERGING TRENDS IN FARM PRODUCTION AND
PROCESSING
2. EMERGING TRENDS IN FARM PRODUCTION
1) Prior to Independence:
It may be pointed out that during the period 1901 to 1947, agricultural
production declined.
The population rose by 38 per cent while the increase in cultivated area was to
the extent of 18 percent. The annual output of food grains and pulses
remained almost constant.
Table 1. PRODUCTIVITY TRENDS IN AGRICULTURE
Particulars 1900-01 to 1904-05
(average)
1940-41 to 1944-45
(average)
Population Index
Cultivated Area
Index of Foodgrains
Index of Non-foodgrains
Index of All Crops
100
100
100
100
100
138
118
101
153
118
3. Pandse has made a special study of the yield of principal crops in India for the
period between 1910-11 and 1945-46 and concluded that the yield per acre
of cereals did not show any consistent decline or increase but there was a
positive increase in the yield per acre of commercial crops and food-grains.
He did not agree with the belief that there had been deterioration in fertility
or in the standards of agriculture.
2) Post Independent Period:
The process of decline in productivity has continued in the post-independence
period, as compared to the pre-1939 period. The average yield of cereals per
acre during 1946-47 to 1949-50 had declined from 619 to 565 lbs.
Rangnekar found that the volume of output in India declined from 0.9
metric tones in 1938-39 to 0.86 metric tones per hectare in 1951. Similar
conclusion were reached by studies undertaken by ICAR and the Grow
More Food Enquiries.
With the introduction of economic planning in 1951 and with the special
emphasis on agriculture development, particularly after 1962, stagnant
of agriculture was reversed as:
4. i. There was a steady rise in average yield per hectare.
ii. There was a Steady rise in area under cultivation.
iii. Due to increase in area and increase in yield per hectare, total
production of the crops recorded a rising trend.
3) Trends in Food-grains Production:
The increase in agricultural production has an important impact on the
economic development of a country. In India, the increase in the
production of foodgrains has been given in table 2.
5. Plan Period Cereals Pulses Total food-
grains
Rice Wheat Percentage Increase in
production
(1949-50)
First Plan
(1951-56)
Second Plan
(1956-61)
Third Plan
(1961-66)
Three Annual Plans
(1966-69)
Fourth Plan
(1969-74)
Fifth Plan
(1974-79)
Sixth Plan
(1980-85)
Seventh Plan
(1985-1990)
Eighth Plan
(1992-97)
2001-02
2002-03
468
538
693
624
836
947
1,120
1,340
1,580
1,719
1,988
1,630
81
110
127
99
104
100
112
122
126
132
134
111
549
648
820
723
940
1,047
1,232
1,462
1,706
1,851
2,119
1,742
225
276
345
306
398
441
538
586
741
798
933
727
64
86
110
104
186
218
355
442
497
628
728
651
5.2
3.9
2.0
9.4
2.8
5.4
6.3
3.5
2.7
6.8
2.9
Table 2. TRENDS IN PRODUCTION OF FOODGRAINS
Lakh tonnes
6. 4) Non-Food Grains:
The trends in non-food grains production in India after the introduction of
economic planning is shown in table 3.
Table 3. PRODUCTION OF NON-FOODGRAINS IN INDIA
Period Cotton
(lakh bales)
Jute
(lakh bales)
Sugarcane
(lakh tonnes)
Oilseeds
(lakh tonnes)
1959-51
1960-61
1970-71
1980-81
1990-91
1991-92
1992-93
1993-94
1994-95
1995-96
1999-2000
2000-2001
2001-2002
2002-2003
30
56
48
80
98
97
116
107
119
131
116
95
100
87
33
41
49
68
91
103
90
84
91
89
94
93
106
103
570
110
1260
1520
2403
2540
2308
2297
2755
2829
2992
2960
2984
2816
50
68
96
101
184
186
203
215
213
224
209
184
207
151
7. Agricultural Productivity:
The agricultural production depends not only on the area but also on
the productivity of land. It shows the relationship between inputs
and output.
The agricultural productivity can be classified into two categories
viz;
a) Agricultural Productivity per worker.
b) Agricultural Productivity per hectare.
a) Agricultural Productivity per worker:
In India, the productivity per worker is not only low but also differs
from one state to other as ia shown in Table 5.
8. Table 5. STATE-WISE AVERAE PRODUCTIVITY IN INDIAN
AGRICULTURE FOR WORKER
State Average Productivity Per Worker (Rs.)
Punjab
Haryana
West Bengal
Kerala
U.P.
J & K.
Assam
Karnataka
All India Average
3,195
2,922
1,819
2,072
1,236
1,393
1,707
1,321
1,213
9. Per Worker-Agricultural Productivity: International Comparisons:
The per worker labour productivity in India is low as compare to some
developed countries. According to Dr. Baljeet Singh, “In India per worker
productivity forms 1/23 of that of U.S.A. and Japan and 1/21 of the that
in U.K.” The low level of per-worker productivity is an indicator of
backward agriculture. However, a brief presentation of per worker
productivity of different countries of the world has been made in Table 6.
Table 6. PER-WORKER PRODUCTIVITY IN AGRICULTURE
Country Average Productivity
(Ruppes)
India
England
Japan
U.S.A.
West Germeny
1,213
16,456
18,120
19,264
27,690
10. b) Agricultural Productivity per Hectare:
The per hectare productivity has been analysed in two aspects as:
1. Per-hectare Productivity of Different Crops:
The trend of per hectare productivity of different crops has been analysed in
table 7.
Table 7. PER-HECTARE AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY IN
INDIA
(Kgs. Per hectare)
Crops 1950-51 1980-81 2002-03
Rice
Wheat
Maize
Cotton
Sugarcane ( Tonnes)
Jute
668
663
547
88
33
1,043
1336
1630
1159
106
58
1130
1804
2613
1638
193
65
2154
11. EMERGING TRENDS IN PROCESSING
Food Processing:
Economic liberalisation has made abundant extension for the advancement and
development of food preparing industry in India. Products of the soil being
transitory in nature are confronting an immense loss worth Rs. 3,000 crore
consistently. So in order to prevent from loss, the National Horticulture Board is
making vital strides for giving foundation and to the bundling, stockpiling and
transportation of plant items. The generation of prepared leafy foods are giving
colossal number of work and improving horticultural profitability by raising the
possibilities of farming fares. The Government is additionally offering vital
motivating forces by absolving the business from extract obligation.
1. Resource Management and Output Optimization The use of resources and
production management is optimized via an efficient agricultural marketing
system. The marketable surplus can also be increased by reducing losses brought
on by inefficient processing, storage, and transportation, as well as by having an
effective marketing strategy. The available supply of contemporary inputs can be
effectively dispersed by a wellplanned marketing strategy, enabling the
agricultural industry to grow more swiftly.
12. 2. Expanding Markets A well-planned marketing strategy increases the market
for goods by distributing them to remote locations inside and beyond the
nation, i.e., places removed from the location of production. The market’s
growth contributes to maintaining a consistent rise in demand, guaranteeing a
higher income for the producer.
3. Agro-based industries are expanding An improved and efficient agriculture
marketing system encourages the growth of agro-based businesses while also
fostering the expansion of the economy as a whole. For many sectors,
agriculture is a significant supplier of raw materials.
4. Price Signals With the aid of a successful plan on agriculture marketing in
India, farmers may schedule their production in accordance with the demands of
the economy.
5. Adoption and Spread of New Technology Because the marketing system
makes it easier for farmers to embrace new scientific and technical information,
this benefits farmers. Farmers will only make the larger investments required by
new technologies if they are confident there will be a market.
13. 6. Employment The marketing system employs millions of workers in a wide
range of activities including packing, transportation, storage, and processing.
People who work in the marketing system include commission agents, brokers,
traders, retailers, weighers, baggage handlers, packagers, and regulatory staff.
In addition, a lot of people supply goods and services through the marketing
system.
7. Addition to National Income By adding value to the product, marketing
operations boost the country’s gross and net national products. Agriculture
marketing in India is really adding value to the Indian economy.
8. Better Living The effectiveness of development initiatives meant to enhance
the quality of life for everyone depends on the marketing system. Therefore,
the development of efficient food and agricultural marketing must receive
special emphasis in any economic development strategy intended to reduce
agricultural poverty, slash consumer food prices, boost foreign exchange
revenues, or reduce economic waste.
14. 9. Video Marketing Agritech businesses should develop their YouTube
channels in local languages in order to help farmers understand how
technology and other services may improve their agricultural operations.
Videos are engaging, accessible, and stick in viewers’ minds for a very long
time. Agritech businesses can release movies describing what insurance
covers by offering farming insurance solutions in rural India. The video’s
content should be compelling and instructional rather than promotional,
removing any uncertainties regarding technology or product for a farmer in
terms they can easily grasp.
10. Radio Marketing Radio is still a key form of entertainment in rural India.
Startups in the agritech industry should get in touch with their local city
radio stations to participate in programs for farmers and cattle keepers. The
startups can discuss their products and how using such procedures will
benefit their standard farming operations.
15. 11. Free Sampling or Free trials Touch and feel is a basic belief among Indians.
The agritech businesses can put up booths at local fairs or events to draw
attendees for free samples or trials of their products. For farming-asa-service
agritech firms that provide data-powered agricultural practices or for increasing
farm productivity of farmers, free samples or free trials are very advantageous.
12. Help Groups Conducting Demo Sessions Agritech firms are able to create a
network of village consultants that will serve as the main ambassadors for your
startup’s services to the town or district while speaking the dialect. Permit them
to do public demonstrations of the product or service, and afterward, distribute
educational guides to the audience, which will spark debates among participants
later.
13. Increasing Aerial Imaging Use In 2022, more farmers will use aerial imagery
to manage their crops more effectively. Farmers can notice crop differences and
problems that are difficult to spot from the ground thanks to satellite
photography and drone technologies. Farmers will be able to manage their crops
more precisely and earn more profit when this data is combined with precision
agriculture technologies.
