Dr. Yousef Al-Jeesh and Mr. Mohammed Al-Khaldi authored a study on embedding health research into policies in Palestine. They conducted interviews with health professionals who identified weaknesses in utilizing research findings for decision-making. Barriers included lack of funding, poor coordination between researchers and policymakers, and research not being priority-driven. Interviewees agreed that applying evidence-based research could improve health systems and outcomes. However, the relationship between researchers and health institutions was seen as weak without a formal strategy. Recommendations included establishing a national research body, increasing funding, and institutionalizing research units within health organizations to strengthen the connection between research and policy.
A document prepared by Dr. Mustafa Salih, the former director of the Directorate General of Health Policy, planning and research at the Federal ministry of Health in Sudan.
Evidence for Public Health Decision MakingVineetha K
The presentation gives an overview of evidence based public health with emphasis on the seven steps of EBPH Framework. It also includes the data sources to search for evidence and relevant articles explaining the current trend in decision making. One of the sources of the presentation is from EBPH training series by Rocky Mountain foundation. The link is provided in the end slide. Do contact me if you need any help with the resources.
Module 2: Evidence-Based Dental Public HealthKelley Minars
The updated version of this tutorial is available here: http://www.slideshare.net/uthsclib/module-2-evidencebased-dental-public-health-1724938
Module 2 of the Oral Health Tutorial, a production of UT HSC Libraries.
This module focuses on evidence-based dental health. View this tutorial to learn how to define evidence-based dental public health, learn effective retrieval strategy, be able to critique the literature and apply it to public health dental practice.
This tutorial is copyright Lara Sapp and Julie Gaines. Uploaded with permission.
A document prepared by Dr. Mustafa Salih, the former director of the Directorate General of Health Policy, planning and research at the Federal ministry of Health in Sudan.
Evidence for Public Health Decision MakingVineetha K
The presentation gives an overview of evidence based public health with emphasis on the seven steps of EBPH Framework. It also includes the data sources to search for evidence and relevant articles explaining the current trend in decision making. One of the sources of the presentation is from EBPH training series by Rocky Mountain foundation. The link is provided in the end slide. Do contact me if you need any help with the resources.
Module 2: Evidence-Based Dental Public HealthKelley Minars
The updated version of this tutorial is available here: http://www.slideshare.net/uthsclib/module-2-evidencebased-dental-public-health-1724938
Module 2 of the Oral Health Tutorial, a production of UT HSC Libraries.
This module focuses on evidence-based dental health. View this tutorial to learn how to define evidence-based dental public health, learn effective retrieval strategy, be able to critique the literature and apply it to public health dental practice.
This tutorial is copyright Lara Sapp and Julie Gaines. Uploaded with permission.
The issue of medical aliteracy has drawn both scholars and medical practitioners’ attention in the recent years. The negative cost of medical aliteracy has continued to constitute major threats to health related issue which has resulted in high mortality rate, high medical expenditure and medical underperformance among others. On this premise the study examined the influence of medical aliteracy among senior medical personnel. The study employed descriptive research design and Chi-Square to test the research hypotheses. A total number of 50 questionnaires were designed to collect information from the sampled population through a random sampling. From the result of the analysis it was revealed that factors such as ineffective supervision of medical personnel, low patient literacy level, lack of personnel-patients engagement could lead to medical aliteracy among senior medical personnel. Senior medical personnel have the knowledge of medical aliteracy and its implications on for medical personnel and the public. Medical aliteracy has an implication on health sector performance which includes increase in mortality rate, increase health expenditure, widening of the gap between patients – medical personnel communication among others. Perception of medical aliteracy has significant influence on medical personnel performance. The study concluded that, medical aliteracy is prevalent among medical personnel and patients and is associated with many poor medical outcomes in the health sector. It was however recommended that medical literacy training, schemes and programmes should be designed according to the needs of the different medical personnel and should therefore be included in medical professional training programs.
NCDs, disability & rehabilitation in Nepal's Public Health SystemWes Pryor
NCDs, disability & rehabilitation in Nepal's Public Health System - A summary in view of World Health Organisation's action plan and future needs on strengthening the health system for emerging health needs.
Strengthen Dissemination, Implementation and Improvement ScienceUCLA CTSI
DII Science at UCLA: Launching a New Initiative (October 25, 2013)
Presented by: Brian Mittman, Moira Inkelas, Stefanie Vassar, Ibrahima Sankare, Arturo Martinez, Arleen Brown
The UCLA CTSI Dissemination, Implementation and Improvement (DII) Science Initiative has three main goals.
1) Expand UCLA’s competitiveness for DII funding and publication opportunities
2) Position UCLA CTSI for future renewal
3) Enhance societal impact and benefits of UCLA research and improve health care quality, health behaviors and health outcomes in Los Angeles County and beyond
The DII vision is to ensure that:
- Results of clinical studies are put into practice in Southern California to benefit diverse populations
- Local providers take part in studies of how to implement, spread and scale findings and innovations
- Research, implementation and dissemination occur seamlessly by design
- Delivery systems can work with researchers to develop system solutions
- Researchers can find delivery systems and/or provider networks with which to partner on implementation-oriented funding proposals and studies
Dissemination and Implementation Research - Getting FundedHopkinsCFAR
Alice Ammerman, DrPh
Director, Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Professor, Department of Nutrition
Gillings School of Global Public Health
University of North Carolina
Prevalence and characteristics of adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Results
We identified a high rate of FASD (17.5, 95% CI [9.2, 25.8%]) in this sample, and this rate could have been as high as 31.2%
with confirmation of prenatal alcohol exposure. Most participants in this study presented with significant neurodevelopmental and cognitive deficits in at least two domains of functioning, irrespective of diagnosis, with only five of 80 participants (6.3%) demonstrating no cognitive impairment.
Difference between cohort, cross sectional and case control study - Scientifi...Pubrica
In Brief:
1. Cross-sectional studies, case-control studies and cohort studies are collectively known as observational studies.
2. Observations and not interventions are carried out by the investigator.
3. This will act as a quick reference table for researchers and authors.
4. This blog tries to discuss each of the observational studies methods laying emphasis on what their strengths and weaknesses are by comparing them.
Learn More: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Contact us:
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp: 91 9884350006
United Kingdom: 44-1143520021
Patient Data Collection Methods. Retrospective Insights.QUESTJOURNAL
Introduction: Multiple classic and modern data collection techniques are presented in the current paper, but only a mix of them provides the appropriate approach to address patient safety problems. The current study aims to reveal the data collection methods applied worldwide. Materials and Methods: All scientific sources of the current article were identified mainly by research on Internet. The matching words used in the search of materials are “data collection methods”, “hospital reporting systems”, “incident reporting systems”, “patient events”, “patient reported data”. Relevant articles and studies covering the 2003-2016 timeframe were selected as a reference. Results: Various data collection procedures are available worldwide. During several years of research, it was concluded that a significant number of patient studies use the following patient data collection methods: retrospective record review, record review of current inpatients, staff interview of current inpatients and nominal group technique based consensus method. Conclusion: New trends in data collection techniques are also discussed, as they reveal the potential of the electronic environment. Future insights on this topic should consider the standardization of different data collection methods in order to improve data comparability aspects.
The issue of medical aliteracy has drawn both scholars and medical practitioners’ attention in the recent years. The negative cost of medical aliteracy has continued to constitute major threats to health related issue which has resulted in high mortality rate, high medical expenditure and medical underperformance among others. On this premise the study examined the influence of medical aliteracy among senior medical personnel. The study employed descriptive research design and Chi-Square to test the research hypotheses. A total number of 50 questionnaires were designed to collect information from the sampled population through a random sampling. From the result of the analysis it was revealed that factors such as ineffective supervision of medical personnel, low patient literacy level, lack of personnel-patients engagement could lead to medical aliteracy among senior medical personnel. Senior medical personnel have the knowledge of medical aliteracy and its implications on for medical personnel and the public. Medical aliteracy has an implication on health sector performance which includes increase in mortality rate, increase health expenditure, widening of the gap between patients – medical personnel communication among others. Perception of medical aliteracy has significant influence on medical personnel performance. The study concluded that, medical aliteracy is prevalent among medical personnel and patients and is associated with many poor medical outcomes in the health sector. It was however recommended that medical literacy training, schemes and programmes should be designed according to the needs of the different medical personnel and should therefore be included in medical professional training programs.
NCDs, disability & rehabilitation in Nepal's Public Health SystemWes Pryor
NCDs, disability & rehabilitation in Nepal's Public Health System - A summary in view of World Health Organisation's action plan and future needs on strengthening the health system for emerging health needs.
Strengthen Dissemination, Implementation and Improvement ScienceUCLA CTSI
DII Science at UCLA: Launching a New Initiative (October 25, 2013)
Presented by: Brian Mittman, Moira Inkelas, Stefanie Vassar, Ibrahima Sankare, Arturo Martinez, Arleen Brown
The UCLA CTSI Dissemination, Implementation and Improvement (DII) Science Initiative has three main goals.
1) Expand UCLA’s competitiveness for DII funding and publication opportunities
2) Position UCLA CTSI for future renewal
3) Enhance societal impact and benefits of UCLA research and improve health care quality, health behaviors and health outcomes in Los Angeles County and beyond
The DII vision is to ensure that:
- Results of clinical studies are put into practice in Southern California to benefit diverse populations
- Local providers take part in studies of how to implement, spread and scale findings and innovations
- Research, implementation and dissemination occur seamlessly by design
- Delivery systems can work with researchers to develop system solutions
- Researchers can find delivery systems and/or provider networks with which to partner on implementation-oriented funding proposals and studies
Dissemination and Implementation Research - Getting FundedHopkinsCFAR
Alice Ammerman, DrPh
Director, Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
Professor, Department of Nutrition
Gillings School of Global Public Health
University of North Carolina
Prevalence and characteristics of adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder...BARRY STANLEY 2 fasd
Results
We identified a high rate of FASD (17.5, 95% CI [9.2, 25.8%]) in this sample, and this rate could have been as high as 31.2%
with confirmation of prenatal alcohol exposure. Most participants in this study presented with significant neurodevelopmental and cognitive deficits in at least two domains of functioning, irrespective of diagnosis, with only five of 80 participants (6.3%) demonstrating no cognitive impairment.
Difference between cohort, cross sectional and case control study - Scientifi...Pubrica
In Brief:
1. Cross-sectional studies, case-control studies and cohort studies are collectively known as observational studies.
2. Observations and not interventions are carried out by the investigator.
3. This will act as a quick reference table for researchers and authors.
4. This blog tries to discuss each of the observational studies methods laying emphasis on what their strengths and weaknesses are by comparing them.
Learn More: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Contact us:
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp: 91 9884350006
United Kingdom: 44-1143520021
Patient Data Collection Methods. Retrospective Insights.QUESTJOURNAL
Introduction: Multiple classic and modern data collection techniques are presented in the current paper, but only a mix of them provides the appropriate approach to address patient safety problems. The current study aims to reveal the data collection methods applied worldwide. Materials and Methods: All scientific sources of the current article were identified mainly by research on Internet. The matching words used in the search of materials are “data collection methods”, “hospital reporting systems”, “incident reporting systems”, “patient events”, “patient reported data”. Relevant articles and studies covering the 2003-2016 timeframe were selected as a reference. Results: Various data collection procedures are available worldwide. During several years of research, it was concluded that a significant number of patient studies use the following patient data collection methods: retrospective record review, record review of current inpatients, staff interview of current inpatients and nominal group technique based consensus method. Conclusion: New trends in data collection techniques are also discussed, as they reveal the potential of the electronic environment. Future insights on this topic should consider the standardization of different data collection methods in order to improve data comparability aspects.
Artificial intelligence (AI) is everywhere, promising self-driving cars, medical breakthroughs, and new ways of working. But how do you separate hype from reality? How can your company apply AI to solve real business problems?
Here’s what AI learnings your business should keep in mind for 2017.
Study: The Future of VR, AR and Self-Driving CarsLinkedIn
We asked LinkedIn members worldwide about their levels of interest in the latest wave of technology: whether they’re using wearables, and whether they intend to buy self-driving cars and VR headsets as they become available. We asked them too about their attitudes to technology and to the growing role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the devices that they use. The answers were fascinating – and in many cases, surprising.
This SlideShare explores the full results of this study, including detailed market-by-market breakdowns of intention levels for each technology – and how attitudes change with age, location and seniority level. If you’re marketing a tech brand – or planning to use VR and wearables to reach a professional audience – then these are insights you won’t want to miss.
Summary Various industries, including health care, have adop.docxpicklesvalery
Summary
Various industries, including health care, have adopted quality
improvement (QI) to enhance practices and outcomes. As
demands on the U.S. public health system continue to increase,
QI strategies may play a vital role in supporting the system and
improving outcomes. Therefore, public health practitioners, like
leaders in other industries, are developing QI approaches for
application in public health settings.
Quality improvement in public health involves systematically
evaluating public health programs, practices, and policies and
addressing areas that need to be improved to increase healthy
outcomes. Although QI methods and techniques have only
recently been applied to public health, public health systems offer
a wide range of opportunities for implementing, managing, and
evaluating QI efforts.
The growing field of Public Health Systems and Services Research
(PHSSR) offers the potential to contribute to and support QI efforts
in public health. PHSSR examines the delivery of public health
services within communities as well as the outcomes that result from
dynamic interactions within the public health system. By examining
the public health system, stakeholder interactions, delivery of services,
and outcomes, PHSSR can inform and support the implementation
of QI initiatives.
Most recently, national, state, and local levels have made notable
progress in quality improvement in public health.1, 2 One initia-
tive credited with achieving progress is the Multi-State Learning
Collaborative (MLC). The MLC aims to inform the national accredi-
tation program, incorporate quality improvement practice into pub-
lic health systems, promote collaborative learning across states and
partners, and expand the knowledge base in public health.
Bringing together state and local practitioners and other stakeholders
in a community of practice to achieve MLC goals has yielded several
best practices and lessons for public health stakeholders. However,
more work is needed if QI is to become standard practice in public
health—particularly in understanding health departments’ readiness
for change, building the evidence base for effective public health QI
practices in the context of the public health system, and examining the
sustainability of successful projects, and identifying the determinants
of transformational change.
ÆResearchInsights
Quality Improvement in Public Health: Lessons Learned
from the Multi-State Learning Collaborative
Background: AcademyHealth’s 2009 Annual Research Meeting
At the 2009 Annual Research Meeting (ARM), June 28–30, in Chicago, AcademyHealth convened a panel of three experts, members of the
Multi-State Learning Collaborative (MLC), to discuss their experiences in implementing quality improvement collaboratives in public health.
Leslie Beitsch, M.D., J.D., associate dean for health affairs and professor of family medicine and rural health at the College of Medicine, Florida
State ...
Leading by Success Impact of a Clinical & Translational Res.docxcroysierkathey
Leading by Success: Impact of a Clinical & Translational
Research Infrastructure Program to Address Health Inequities
Bruce Shiramizu1, Vicki Shambaugh2, Helen Petrovich2, Todd B. Seto3, Tammy Ho4,
Noreen Mokuau5, and Jerris R. Hedges4
1Department of Tropical Medicine, Medical Microbiology & Pharmacology, John A. Burns School
of Medicine (JABSOM), University of Hawaii at Manoa (UHM), Honolulu, HI
2Pacific Health Research and Education Institute, Honolulu, HI
3Department of Medicine, JABSOM, UHM, Honolulu, HI
4JABSOM, UHM, Honolulu, HI
5Myron B. Thompson School of Social Work, UHM, Honolulu, HI
Abstract
Building research infrastructure capacity to address clinical and translational gaps has been a focus
of funding agencies and foundations. Clinical and Translational Sciences Awards, Research
Centers in Minority Institutions Infrastructure for Clinical and Translational Research (RCTR) and
the Institutional Development Award Infrastructure for Clinical and Translational Research funded
by United States (US) government to fund clinical translational research programs have existed for
over a decade to address racial and ethnic health disparities across the US. While the impact on the
nation’s health can’t be made in a short period, assessment of a program’s impact could be a
litmus test to gauge its effectiveness at the institution and communities. We report the success of a
Pilot Project Program in the University of Hawaii RCTR Award in advancing careers of emerging
investigators and community collaborators. Our findings demonstrated that the investment has a
far-reaching impact on engagement with community-based research collaborators, career
advancement of health disparities investigators, and favorable impacts on health policy.
Keywords
health disparity; clinical research; health inequity; translational research
INTRODUCTION
Health inequities continue to persist in communities across the disease spectrum throughout
the United States (US) and globally1–3. Contributing to the culture of health disparities has
Correspondence: Bruce Shiramizu, 651 Ilalo Street, BSB 325AA, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96813; [email protected]
COMPLIANCE WITH ETHICAL STANDARDS
The scope of the work did not involve human participants as reviewed by the University of Hawaii Institutional Review Board.
The authors have no other potential conflicts of interests except for the funding agencies as acknowledged.
HHS Public Access
Author manuscript
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2018 April 28.Au
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partly been a function of the imbalance of biomedical research funding from government
agencies, private foundations, industry and other sources4–7. Innovative concepts and bold
initiatives to increase collaborations and partnerships were established through government,
industry and fou ...
Of all the ways to influence health policy, using research to info.docxcherishwinsland
Of all the ways to influence health policy, using research to inform change has the dual appeal of sounding both straightforward and rigorous. However, reality intrudes in many forms to disrupt the otherwise common-sense connection between what we know, what we consider as policy and what we are doing. Different languages (academic versus political), disparate timeframes (deliberate versus opportunistic), and contrasting priorities (most rigorous versus good enough) often make translating research into policy an exercise in frustration. Just as basic scientists and clinical researchers grapple with the challenge of bringing innovations from bench to bedside, health services researchers must wrestle to make their work most relevant to policy realities in communities near and far.
Yet, this is a worthy—and potentially rewarding—pursuit. Evidence for such a claim is reflected in this supplement, which includes an array of approaches to bridging the gap between research and policy taken by current scholars and alumni of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Clinical Scholars program (RWJFCSP). Traditionally focused on training physicians in rigorous methods in biostatistics, clinical epidemiology, and health services research, as well as in other fields such as social sciences, the RWJFCSP has purposefully shifted over the past decade to emphasize the value of actionable research. Whether partnering with community members to conduct participatory research, or with policy makers to ensure that timely and relevant questions are being addressed, scholars are encouraged to consider how the results of their research will lead to short-term change and long-term progress. These research efforts encompass a broad variety of research methods, including qualitative and quantitative approaches, local and national data, and cutting-edge work involving community-based participatory research, multi-level hierarchical analyses, and dynamic multi-state modeling.
Given its leadership in the realm of research and policy, the RWJFCSP is the source of the lead or senior authors of all of the articles in this volume; the authors are either current scholars or alumni of the program. Of note, these articles do not reflect the entire sum of policy-relevant research conducted by RWJFCSP-connected investigators. Rather, these articles comprise a fraction of those submitted for inclusion in this supplement, and policy-relevant research by these authors and others with connections to the RWJFCSP appear in other journals as well.
The authors addressed important barriers to bridging the gap between research and policy. First, new evidence informs policy if it makes it into the hands of individuals who have a stake in what the data is measuring, and who are engaged in acting on the findings. Even the most rigorously conducted, widely cited manuscripts will have only marginal impact unless brought to life by potential change agents. Second, the evidence being generated may not be .
EVB-Evidence Based Practice- principles,purposes,valuechristenashantaram
This brief out the principles,purposes,value involved in EVB-Evidence Based Practice and helps health, scoial care practisioner to know more about the EVB-Evidence Based Practicein health and scocial care international base.
Problems Facing International Students with Health Insurance Companies
in the USA Healthcare System
Zakiah Aljashei
ID# 643632
March 5, 2018
CENTRAL MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY
Reviewer: lr-hayes
Running head: INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS HEALTH INSURANCE 1
PROBLEM FACING INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS WITH HEALTH INSURANCE
17
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS HEALTH INSURANCE
This synthesis paper is in partial fulfillment for the requirements for the
MSA 698 Directed Administrative Portfolio
Executive summary
The purpose of this research is to solve the problems international students have with health insurance or healthcare in the United States. This portfolio is comprised of four separate papers that examined all of the various strategies and approaches that can be adopted by foreign students to select an appropriate health insurance policy. The paper covers all of these approaches in great detail, also providing (a) recommendations and strategic planning techniques, which should be adopted by the students in order to assess the value of the health insurance policy they are planning to purchase (MSA 603), (b) the ways different ethnic groups perceive health insurance or quality healthcare, while evaluating and hypothesizing the way cultural variables interact in shaping the individual’s perception within an organization and society (MSA604), (c) strategies for effective communication most important in helping patients and doctors communicate (MSA601), and (d) the evaluation model in financial performance in healthcare or in hospitals (MSA602). In each of the papers, the researchers used strategic planning projects to help improve the operations and services offered by health insurance and healthcare systems. Regardless of the conclusions found through this research, more follow-up studies should be conducted that consider the continued development and corresponding effectiveness.
INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS HEALTH INSURANCE 4
Table of Contents
Executive summary 2
The Framework of Strategic Planning 5
Summary of the Portfolio Contents 7
MSA 603: Strategic Planning for the Administrator 7
MSA 601: Organizational Dynamics 8
MSA 604: Administration, Globalization and Multiculturalism 9
MSA 602: Financial Analysis, Planning, and Control 10
Key Recommendations from the Research 11
Recommendation: Key Takeaways and Lessons Learned from MSA 603 11
Recommendation: Key Takeaways and Lessons Learned from MSA 601 12
Recommendation: Key Takeaways and Lessons Learned from MSA 604 12
Recommendation: Key Takeaways and Lessons Learned from MSA 602 12
Conclusion 13
References 16
Problems Facing International Students with Health Insurance Companies
in the USA Healthcare System
Health insurance and healthcare are significant to international students in the United States. International students should receive health insurance when they come to the U.S., because without the benefits that health insurance provides, outstanding medical bills can lead to financial.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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Embedding research into policy, Aljeesh and Al-Khaldi, 2013
1. Dr. Yousef Al-Jeesh
Mr. Mohammed Al-Khaldi
1
Embeddeness research into policies, Aljeesh and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
2. General Overview
There is growing interest in understanding how to
effectively bridge the gap between the production of
knowledge and it's embedding in health decision-making.
Better health research means better health care in the
delivery of better, fairer and more equitable health care to
people. It does so by identifying challenges and providing
best solutions in emerging and embedding these research
findings into policies in order to improved approaches to
public health.
Research findings are extremely important to inform policy
and decision-making in health to tackle threats and diseases,
to address priorities and focus on the most important health
issues.
The concept of evidence-based practice or policy-based
evidence aims to improve health system performance and
attain sustainable development.
2
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
3. Health Research Challenge in Palestine
Political, socio-economic, and education challenge.
Research and management: unsupportive culture, poor
infrastructure, fund insufficiency, lack of leadership,
inefficient information system, uncoordinated and
unlinked stakeholders. research findings are neglected by
policy makers due to absence of agreed research-policy
integration strategy, limited resources and experts,
conducted personally-oriented not scientific-oriented.
Institutional issues: the gaps and terrible link between
Universities and research institutions with policy making
body.
Generally, embedding research findings in health policy
making is experiencing weakness and the absence of the
efficient policies-relied on research evidence practice.
3
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
4. Study importance
Perceive marginalizing health research in PMOH, Health
NGOs, and research institutions operations .
Scarcity of relevant studies, since this study addresses this
topic with the lack of accurate data and statistics about the
reality of research in Palestine, mainly in the health field.
The first domestic and academic study . As well, relies on
the importance of the topic that addressed is considered one
of the most important health system pillars.
Health R&D witness weakness and absence of the
supportive culture, malpractice and implications, and
utilization.
Study provide clear insights and basis to the health decision
makers and researchers in formulating unified and effective
strategy to strengthen health research in Palestine.
Moreover, it can be the bases of other applied research.
4
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
5. Assessing the real condition of embedding and
inserting the research evidence in policy decisions
for health from policy makers and academicians
perspectives in the Gaza Strip. In order to identify
proper ways that achieve the integration between
them, thus providing suggestions about the
appropriate utilization of research outcomes in
policy making process.
5
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
6. Objectives
1.To examine the health researches and policy making integration,
reality, obstacles, opportunities, strengths and weaknesses and
factors affecting that.
2. To develop relevant, effective, and efficient sustainable strategy
and mechanisms that manage the relationship between research
producers and policy making boards in Palestine.
3. To present a conceptual understanding of institutional
embeddedness and apply it to the context of research in policy
making in health.
4. To recognize the stakeholder's roles in supporting health
research and its implications on policy making practice levels.
5. To provide recommendations for better utilization of health
research findings into policies in light of supporting the health
system components.
6
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
7. • Reviewing literature.
• The study used qualitative approach by conducting in-depth interviews with
academicians, experts and policy makers for gathering data about the
phenomenon.
• 7th interviews conducted in February 2013:
• The first two interviews commenced at the PMOH with two Chief Executive
Officers CEOs, the third one with expert from PLC, the fourth held with expert
from NGO, the fifth, Sixth and seventh interviews carried with three
academicians from Al-Quds, Al-Azhar and The Islamic University of Gaza.
• Used Non-probability convenience and purposive selection, and the Interview
questions were developed initially based on a conceptual model of institutional
embeddedness through literature and experts consultations.
• One interview was piloted with academic professor.
• In content comparative analysis, data were systematically analyzed within steps.
Raw data were carefully processed by Open Coded Thematic Analysis OCTA in
order to make analytical interpretations.
7
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
8. A strategy of Effective Health Research System
Adopted by WHO, 2012
Capacity
Priorities
Strengthening
health research
systems
Meeting
health needs
Standards
Good research
practice
Embedding
Evidence into
practice
8
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
9. Conceptual F. for institutional Health Research embeddeness
9
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
10. Research and Policy-making Bodies Relationship and
Alignment (Developed by researcher)
Research
Producer
Research User
(Government and
NGOs Authorities)
(Academic and
Institutions)
Liaison body
(NRC)/ regulated
policies
10
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
11. Dissemination Structure of Research
Findings in the policy practices
(Source: Dobbins et al. 2002)
11
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
13. Interviewees perceptions about
“embeddeness”
The overall perceptions about the research embeddness is weak and
neglected, and there is no full satisfaction and the embeddedness state
did not reach the required level. At this moment, there are inconsiderable
efforts in applying the health research into policy making.
Using research evidences in policy practices in health organizations are
marginalized and inapplicable by policy makers.
There is consensus that the health policies must be constructed on
evidence-based decisions which should be derived from scientific bases.
Half of experts agreed that researches have clear goals in evaluating the
health services or presenting approaches that improved the health.
The others added that the researches are the mirror that evaluates the
current situation and the desired future horizons. Most of world countries
depend on the research to develop its capacities and allocate budgets
related to research that could reach around 5% of the general budget of
the government.
13
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
14. The majority of the experts emphasize on fund
insufficiency for research. Palestinian government
budgets and plans did not allocate adequate fund.
On the NGOs and INGOs levels there is concern with
research to some extent due to the programs' and
projects' nature with rare existence of R&D units in
these organizations.
All of interviewees agreed that the researches
purpose that made is personally but not priority or
scientific-oriented. Since the researchers make
researches to develop their professional and
functional position besides the financial interests.
14
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh
and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
15. • There are no disadvantages unless it is misuse and malpracticed and it also depends on the research quality and
credibility.
• Advantages: extreme necessity to apply it in the health that is
characterized by its complexities which should be met with
realistic facts, fill the gaps in the health system and produces
true health decisions, helps policy makers in setting the
health development strategies and plans, increases the policy
makers' abilities in evaluating the situation.
Clearer, one of experts provided an example of research that was
scientifically conducted and it addresses thalassemia disease, this
research concluded findings that contributed in creating strategic
plan including policies that control the disease.
15
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
16. Embeddeness and Health Needs, Indicators, and HS
Performance
• The majority conformed that this concept of policy-based evidence is
strongly believes that there is close relationship with fulfilling health needs ,
improving indicators, and HC performance. When health providers
determine the population health needs, deliberately they use research as a
suitable tool like needs assessment to achieve the sounded needs. From
another point of view, if health research is scientifically conducted and
correctly directed according to the HS priorities it will reach findings and
recommendations that will effectively contribute in improving HS
performance and will fulfill the gaps this is called "decision-based evidence".
• Health research and its findings in the policy making process assists in giving
precise truths that reflect the health needs to compare the health situation
geographically between areas within one country and with other countries
and timely over time stages. In other words, the health indicators are based
on the research findings which main aim is evaluating and validating these
indicators for example: surveillance-based evidences.
16
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
17. Perceptions about research findings utilization
and appropriateness
• There are two different points of views. Some indicated that it is
appropriately used specially in the NGOs because there is concern and
supportive culture and resources from the management or donor
related to the nature of the projects. Moreover, presence of qualified
and skilled HRs in the scientific research, the current condition of health
research in NGOs is moderately well.
• In contrast, some argued that the research and its findings are not
translated properly into the process of decision making process and
witness significance weakness due to the most researches that are
produced are not for scientific or policy purposes but for personal
purposes.
• Generally, the difficulties hinder research use into policies in proper
manner mainly represents in issues of procedures, personal,
environmental, absence or miscommunications, and priorities
contradiction, also organizational aspects such as bureaucratization.
17
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
18. The Role of Researchers in Policy-making
• There is compromise among experts perspectives that the health
researchers role is a very minor and mainly marginalized and does not
reach to the required level.
• 4 experts attributed the faint role due to own reasons such as rewards
and promotions, bulky research idea is not priority-driven but stems
from individual motives, this does not deny the existence of initiative
researchers.
• Another stated that the health researchers have a central and vital role
to a large extent in the decision process within NGOs sector, as a result
of the characteristics that distinguished these organizations from others.
• The role of researchers and decision makers is a scattered due to of
separation between them, as well as barriers related to lack of
communication, consultations, mutual understanding and cooperation at
the academic institutions, government authorities and NGOs.
18
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
19. Research Institutions, MOH, and NGOs
Relationship
• 5 experts clarified that the relationship nature is
fragile and not profound based on a real strategic
partnership and cooperation in health researches.
This relationship only restricted to administrative
arrangements for researcher likes administrative
approval or consent from the authorities, with
existence of certain links but seasonal between
specific institutions such as consultations services,
workshops conferences and tutorial sessions
addressing health issues and problems.
19
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
20. Palestinian Institutions experience in
Research Embeddeness into Policy
• The experts' perspectives revealed that there is significantly
weakness by health government institutions in adopting the
concept of evidence embeddedness into policy.
• The experts call to institutionalizing this concept to become
the culture research-oriented.
• This urge us to the need to more efforts and interventions to
promote this concept by developing policy makers
capacities, strengthen networking and communication,
support research units within organization, plenty
resources, more involvement and consultation, regulated
health
research-policy
strategy,
and
supportive
management.
20
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
21. In Conclusion
21
• All key informants acknowledged the need for evidence to inform
decision making and that the overall trend seems unsatisfactory,
weak, and blurred status and the need for serious corrective
strategies and greater actions to be taken to create a culture of
health research production, utilization and translation with our
health organizations.
• There is a consistent perspective among experts in underpinning
the research findings utilization in the health actions and policies
as a considerable part of health system components.
• They have asserted on several important suggestions concerning
in founding agreed national health research priorities, formulating
regulated body for research, sufficient and planned fund,
encouraging the networking, coordination, consultations and
partnership agreements as well as Activating the complementarity
role among all relevant institutions and stakeholders at local and
international levels, creating incentive systems and implementing
capacity building programs, and teaming among researchers and
policy makers is essential.
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
23. Recommendation 1
23
• Important of existing body as a mediator
like national committee or council and
adopting WHO research strategy. Also,
need to disseminate the researches
clearly, effectively, and efficiently to all
concern audiences with focusing on
improving the policy makers' potentials
and experience in research and urging
the universities and colleges in
concerning
more
in
research
methodology course.
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh
and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
24. Recommendation 2
24
• Build active partnership and cooperation
across universities, research institutes,
government and NGOs and INGOs, and
working on establish national research
policy based on priorities through
teamwork (team-driven) by encouraging
the operations, applied, evaluation and
assessment researches
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh
and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
25. Recommendation 3
25
• Urging the government and universities
in promoting research culture and
working
on
support
research
infrastructure, commit to fixed budget
for research, upgrading dynamic
information and technological, as
communication
and
coordination
measures.
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh
and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
26. Recommendation 4
26
• Call to institutionalize the research by
finding and supporting research and
development units within the health
institutions linked directly with front
management and encourage and
empower researchers and professionals'
through effective incentive system and
capacity building programs.
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh
and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013
27. Recommendation 5
27
• Call for making a comprehensive
review of all critical health researches
and studies for Utilization purpose.
Moreover, urge the donors and their
organizations to play important role in
supporting the health research and its
implications on the health sectors in
Palestine.
Embedeness research into policies, Aljeesh
and Al-Khaldi
April, 2013