An embedded system is a combination of hardware and software specifically designed for a particular function, often found in devices like smartphones and medical equipment. They can be classified based on performance, such as real-time, standalone, networked, and mobile systems, and vary in complexity from small to sophisticated systems. Despite their advantages like efficiency and reliability, embedded systems face challenges such as scalability issues and difficulties in changing configurations.

1. EMBEDDED SYSTEM

2. CONTENT
WHAT IS EMBEDDED SYSTEM
CLASSIFICATION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
APPLICATIONS OF EMBEDDED SYSTEM
HOW DO WE IMPLEMENT THEM

3. What is an Embedded System?
 An embedded system is combination of computer hardware
and software, either fixed in capability or programmable,
that is specifically designed for a particular function.
 It is embedded as part of a complete device often
including hardware and mechanical parts.
 Modern embedded systems are often based on
Microcontrollers (i.e.) CPUs with integrated memory
or peripheral interfaces), but ordinary microprocessors(using
external chips for memory and peripheral interface circuits)
are also common, especially in more-complex systems.

4. WHAT IS INSIDE THE EMBEDDED SYSTEM?
HARDWARE
oCPU
oMEMORY
oI/O DEVICES
SOFTWARE
oAPPLICATION
oOS
oDEVICE DRIVERS

5. HARDWARE ARCHITECTURE OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM

6. Examples of Embedded Systems
Embedded Systems control many of the
Common devices in use today, like-
• Digital watches
• Traffic lights
• Printers
• Mobile phones
• Medical equipments
• MP3 Players
• Robots
• Routers
• Climate control in automobiles, etc.

7. CLASSIFICATION OF EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
TYPES OF EMBEDDED
SYSTEMS
BASED ON PERFORMANCE AND
FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS
BASED ON PERFORMANCE OF
MICRO CONTROLLER
REAL
TIME
STAND
ALONE
NETWORKED SMALL SCALE MEDIUM SCALE SOPHISTICATED

8. BASED ON PERFORMANCE AND FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENT
1.REAL TIME EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Real-time embedded systems are defined as those systems in which the correctness of
the system depends not only on the logical result of computation, but also on the time at
which the results are produced.
Hard real-time systems (e.g.Avionic control).
Firm real-time systems(e.g.,Banking).
Soft real-time systems(e.g.,Video on demand).

9. 2.STAND ALONE EMBEDDED SYSTEM
A standalone device is able to function independently of other hardware. This means
it is not integrated into another device.
It takes the input from the input ports either analog or digital and processes,
calculates and converts the data and gives the resulting data through the connected
device-Which either controls, drives and displays the connected devices.
For example, a TiVo box that can record television programs , mp3 players are
standalone devices.

10. 3.NETWORK EMBEDDED SYSTEM
These types of embedded systems are related to a network to access the
resources.
The connected network can be LAN, WAN or the internet. The
connection can be any wired or wireless. This type of embedded system
is the fastest growing area in embedded system applications.

11. 4.MOBILE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
Mobile embedded systems are used in portable embedded devices like
cell phones, mobiles, digital cameras, mp3 players and personal digital
assistants, etc.
The basic limitation of these devices is the other resources and
limitation of memory.

12. Based on the Performance of the Microcontroller
Small scale embedded systems
These types of embedded systems are
designed with a single 8 or 16bit
microcontroller, that may even be
activated by a battery.
For developing embedded software for
small scale embedded systems, the
main programming tools are an
editor,assembler, cross assembler and
integrated development
environment(IDE).
Medium scale embedded
systems
These types of embedded systems
design with a single or 16 or 32 bit
microcontroller, RISCs or DSPs.
These types of embedded systems
have both hardware and software
complexities.
 For developing embedded software
for medium scale embedded systems,
the main programming tools are C,
C++, JAVA, Visual C++, RTOS,
debugger, source code engineer tool,
simulator and IDE.

13. SOPHISTICATED EMBEDDED SYSTEMS
These types of embedded systems have enormous hardware and
software complexities, that may need ASIPs, Ips, PLAs, scalable or
configurable processors.
They are used for cutting-edge applications that need hardware and
software Co-design and components which have to assemble in the
final system.

14. ADVANTAGES OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM
Design and Efficiency
Accessibility
Maintenance and Reliability
Cost
Redundancies
Power

15. DISADVANTAGES OF AN EMBEDDED SYSTEM
• Issue of Scalability
• Limitation of Hardware
• Difficult to change Configuration and Features
• Applied for a Specific Purpose

16. Applications
• Household appliances.
• Audio player.
• Cellular telephones.
• Engine controller in automobiles.
• Calculators.
• Videogames.
• Aircrafts.
• Medical equipments.
• Defense systems, etc.

17. HOW DO WE IMPLEMENT THEM?
DIGITAL CIRCUITS
Faster
Only propagation delay
Inflexible
Functions they perform can’t be changed
easily.
Example:
Communication system
Ciphering algorithm
MICROPROCESSOR BASED SYSTEMS
Slower
Technology Dependent
Flexible
We need only to update the software.
Example:
Personal computer,PDA’S
Mobile phones,PLC’S

18. CONCLUSION
Thus embedded systems contain programmed instruction running via
processor chips. They perform control, protection and monitoring task.
In board term embedded system are programmable device or system
which are generally used to control or monitor things.
Embedded systems Has become a vital component of almost every
larger system.
If an embedded system is designed well, the existence of the processor
and of software could be completely unnoticed by a user of the device.