The document is Elizabeth Dupont's journal entries from 1789-1794 documenting major events of the French Revolution from her perspective. Key events summarized are: 1) The Estates-General is convened but fails to address France's economic crisis, motivating the formation of the National Assembly by the Third Estate. 2) After being locked out of their meeting hall, the National Assembly takes the Tennis Court Oath to create a new constitution. 3) In response to food shortages, women march to Versailles to protest the extravagant lifestyle of Marie Antoinette, leading the royal family to be imprisoned in Paris. 4) The Reign of Terror begins with the guill

1. The Journal ofThe Journal of
Elizabeth DupontElizabeth Dupont
Elizabeth DupontElizabeth Dupont
The years of the French RevolutionThe years of the French Revolution
1789-17991789-1799

2. The Century-Old Solution
The Estates-General assembly summoned by Louis XVI.
Two fourths of the people in the hall are of the third
estate, but we still get overpowered.
The multiple water wasting fountains at the Versailles.
Our bakery

3. The Century-Old Solution
What is the point of divine right when the “chosen” King is incompetent of ruling our country? France has had
divine right for years, which means that the King is chosen by God and thus entitled to the throne. I have a very
faint and feeble belief that God would choose a king who is forced to go to the length of summoning the Estates-
General for the first time since 1614. This shows that our country is in a bad state. France is very high in debt,
having financed previous wars and paying for the royal family’s extravagances.
Yesterday, May 5, Louis XVI summoned the Estates-General, a legislative assembly divided by the three classes –
clergy, nobility, and the common people. We had been anticipating a reform similar to this after Jacques Necker
became the financial minister. Lately, Necker has been trying to clear up the mess that has been made by Louis
XVI. To clear the economic struggles, I believe that they should start by limiting the extravagance that the queen,
Marie Antoinette lives with everyday. My husband, Pierre, and I have to watch our use of water and avoid
wasting it at any costs. We make our living from baking and keeping a boulangerie, which of course requires
quite a bit of water in the recipes and cleaning. Meanwhile, the Versailles is filled with endless green gardens
decorated by countless water wasting fountains. Our water use is to make a living. The royal family’s excessive
water use has no point to it. I often wonder whether they ever understand the difficult lives of those citizens
below them.
My husband and I are in the third estate, as we are neither clergy nor nobility, along with merchants, traders,
peasants, lawyers, and businessmen. The aspects of the people of the third estate that divide us from the others
are our lack of titles. My husband, Pierre, and I have run a bakery in Paris for many years. We don’t do bad, but
money is tight. And as Louis XVI’s solution to most problems is to increase the taxes, money has become even
tighter. Even if a majority of us Frenchmen are in the third estate, we are far from having the majority of the
money. The clergy and nobility don’t have to pay taxes, but the lower and poorer class does. Our king has put the
economic struggles in the hands of people who have no way of solving them. The Americans were able to go
through with a revolution, and so can we! My sister, Adèle and her husband, Leon, have financially struggled in
the shoe making business while also having problems with gathering enough money for taxes. They risk losing
their shop, leaving them on the street. I won’t let this happen. Something has to be done. The third estate can’t
suffer under the other two for much longer.

4. June 21, 1789
The Day We Swore to a Constitution
The Tennis Court Oath taken by the National Assembly on June
20, 1789.

5. June 21, 1789
The Day We Swore to a Constitution
France has rapidly turned from a complete monarchy full of superior nobles and inferior tax slaves, to a country in the midst
of a revolution full of people striving for our rightful liberty. My pride in the revolutionaries and my deep want of having a
powerful contribution are both unexplainable feelings. Adele, and her husband, Leon have had to come to live with Pierre
and me. They were unable to finance a business as well as the unreasonable taxes spit upon us by our extravagant king.
Space is very tight, but I value their company as we closely follow and assist the delegates of the National Assembly and their
take on the revolution, with bright hope in our eyes.
A few months ago, the Estates-General had been called to deal with our economic crisis, but it failed and fell to a chaotic mess
because of its own unreasonable structure (it isn’t a surprise that it failed so horribly when it was convened by the
inexperienced Louis XVI…) In the Estates-General, the Third Estate had been granted twice as many delegates as each of the
other estates. This was celebrated; we all felt that we were given more say in France’s actions and economy. To our dismay,
we later learned that all voting would be "by estates" not "by head", so the double representation was actually quite
pointless, as the two other estates would always overpower us. Pierre, my two houseguests and I, were outraged when we
heard about the disappointing double representation. The Estates-General and it’s assembly had at first seemed like a way to
solve some of our problems, but it ended up putting us in the same place as before!
We, the third estate, split away from the Estates-General in repulsion of the unfair way we were treated. The third estate
became the National Assembly, but members of the other two estates were very welcome to join us. The King tried
everything he could to retrieve us to the original Estates-General. Three days after we had created the new assembly, we
were locked out of Salle des États, our original and previous meeting hall. The King thought himself clever, stating that if we
weren’t able to meet, we weren't a legitimate or official assembly. This lockout didn’t stop us. It just motivated us to work
harder against him, to find a new place to meet. We turned our backs to the locked doors without looking upon them as a
hindrance, but as a motivator and commenced our search of a new meeting place. The royal tennis court fit our needs. After
gathering there and discussing, we took the Tennis Court Oath. It stated that the group would not break apart until a new
national constitution was created. I couldn’t be more proud that citizens of France are taking the revolution into our own
hands and going against the monarchy, and I’m looking forward to watching the revolution unfold.

6. October 5, 1789
The Downfall of the Monarchy
The women of France taking the food crisis into their own hands

7. October 5, 1789
The Downfall of the Monarchy
My mother always told me that with good things come bad things. Ever since July, the King’s amount of control has become reduced,
as many of us had asked, prayed and pled for. But with that, the people’s amount of violence and hunger has arisen. Both of these
things started when Louis XVI blamed Jacques Necker the failure of the Estates-General, and dismissed him as the Director General
of Finance.
In contrast to Louis XVI, Necker had known how to solve problems. When word of his dismissal reached the public, hostilities broke
out. We, the revolutionaries, demanded control. We all know that those who posses the weapons also posses the power. On July 14,
upon realizing that it contained a large armory, a thousand revolutionary men, including Pierre, stormed the Bastille, a prison in
Paris. I was upset that I stayed home in a humid bakery whilst something of that immensity was happening, but Pierre’s account of
the event made up for not being there myself. They had gathered in a large group, blocks away from the prison. The huge, angry mob
easily took on the unprepared guards and they burst into the prison. It was an organized confusion. People rushed back and forth in
chaos, gathering what weapons they could. But every man present had the same thing on his mind; by storming one of Paris’s most
notorious prisons, a symbolic triumph was gained over the old regime.
During the months after the storming of the Bastille, the National Assembly got more power and did more for the Frenchmen. The
King was still living in extravagance, which thoroughly disgusted those of us who were affected by the food crisis that had spread
throughout France. I have no children myself, but many friends of mine had a large difficulty with feeding their hungry ones. I did
what I can to give bread to those most in need of it, but as I had four hungry people under my own roof to keep satisfied, there was
little I could do to support other families.
On October 5, 1789 the mothers, aunts, grandmothers, daughters and sisters of France marched to Versailles in protest of the food
crisis. We were sickened by the thought of Marie Antoinette in a silk gown, sitting in a vast dining hall, being cooked for by chefs,
being served by private servants, and dining with silver cutlery while we went to bed with hungry stomachs. This is what drove us
to the castle, protesting and rioting against the unfair advantage that the royal family has. This protest was named the Women’s
March of Versailles. Overwhelmed by the mob, King Louis XVI immediately sanctioned the August Decrees and the Declaration of the
Rights of Man and of the Citizen, two reforms created by the National Assembly. The next day the royal family accompanied the
female crowd back to Paris. To ensure that he was aware of the woes of the city and its citizens, the king and his family were
imprisoned in the Tuileries Palace in the city.

8. July 28, 1794
End of the Bloodflood
End of the Bloodflood
The guillotine was busy for nine whole months. It took the life of my poor sister.

9. July 28, 1794
End of the Bloodflood
End of the Bloodflood
Robespierre’s death won’t bring back the life of my wonderful sister. It will, however, end the horrible Reign of Terror that has stolen thousands of people
from our country’s population.
Two years ago, the revolutionary government elected the National Convention of delegates to oversee the country. Pierre had grown acquainted with
many revolutionary lawyers after the Storming of the Bastille. When they elected the delegates in the National Convention, Pierre was among them.
Imagine my husband, a mere baker, making decisions along with titled men! I was so proud of him. To nearly every Frenchman’s satisfaction, the first
action of the convention, on September 22, 1792, was to abolish the monarchy and to create the Republic of France. Breaking free from the ruling of the
inadequate King was like jumping off a carriage that had been going in worthless circles for days, like breaking away from the chains that had bound our
nation for years, like finding the hidden key to a door that had been forever locked. The next decision made was to execute of Louis XVI. He had let down
our country in so many horrible ways, yet I didn’t agree that he deserved death. In the past, I had hated him as a leader. But now the monarchy was
abolished and I had no right to hate him as a man. Pierre agreed with what I had to say, but told me that it was best not to express my views to anyone
else than him as it could cause unwanted problems. Little did I know that it later would.
In the autumn of 1793, Robespierre and the Jacobins started addressing problems within France. The government started a campaign against
revolutionary opposition known as the Reign of Terror. Anyone who expressed counterrevolutionary or counter-Robespierre views was executed. Even
the housewives who always came by the bakery lost a sense for gossip (especially that of a political nature) and most people avoided discussions at any
cost in fear of Robespierre’s faithful helper, the bladed instrument.
I will never forget the evening of December sixteenth, 1793. The shop smelt of spices and gingerbread. The holidays are a baker’s busiest season, and the
Boulangerie was kept open two hours later than usual. Adele and I were closing the shop when two men burst in and declared themselves on Jacobins
business. Adele furrowed her eyebrows and asked how we could help them. They asked which one of us was Elizabeth Dupont. Adele’s eyes opened
wide, when she realized what I would learn moments later. Someone must have remembered the baker’s wife who was against the beheading of Louis
XVI. Adele gave me a sly look that screamed for me to say nothing. It was a familiar look that she often gave me when we were children and naughtily lied
to our parents about where we had been. She cleared her throat and declared herself as me, as Elizabeth Dupont. That was the last I saw of Adele. It
embarrasses me, but I’m not able to recall this without spilling my teardrops upon the parchment. What Adele did was brave, but I will never forgive her
for it. She took my place at the guillotine; my best friend and sister gave her life for me.
Yesterday, the Reign of Terror finally ended. Robespierre faced the same death as the other 50,000 Frenchmen that have been executed during the
course of nine months – all for thinking independently. It disgusts and upsets me to think that my own views on the guillotine led to the execution of my
beloved sister. Repose en paix (rest in peace), Adele.

10. November 10, 1799
Back to the Beginning
Back to the Beginning
The 1795 constitution that robbed Pierre of his right to vote.

11. November 10, 1799
Back to the Beginning
Back to the Beginning
We have been overthrown. Yesterday, Napoleon Bonaparte overthrew the Directory and instituted himself as the first consul. Once
again, one man has the responsibility of leading our nation. Has ten years of a seemingly productive revolution truly gone to this
waste? We want a republic; the Jacobins demand a republic. We don’t want a monarchy, nor do we want a military dictatorship. I,
along with many others, opposed of the Directory and their way of ruling. I can hardly believe what Pierre has been trying to explain
to me, even if it’s as clear as the creek water in the countryside. We are essentially back to the where we had started, with one
“independent” man at the head.
Five years ago, after the Reign of Terror ended in 1794, the Jacobins lost their power in France. The National Convention still ruled as
the government, but a new constitution was written. Although the constitution that had been written the year before gave all men in
France a right to vote, this new 1974 constitution gave only people with a certain amount of property the right to vote. This outraged
Pierre and Leon. They are both Sans-Culottes who have limited property and money, and this is what restricts them from having a
say in important decisions. The new constitution created the Directory, which was the first government system to be split into two
houses. The lower house, the parliament, had 500 members. It was called the Conseil de Cinq-Cent. The upper house, the senate, had
250 members and it was called the Conseil des Anciens. As we had been very used to, most of the members and representatives were
nobles and men with money and background.
After the Directory came into power, the same old problems that had first begun the revolution began to creep into France. Once
again, the nobles grew wealthier, while the lower classes, including my family, had very little. At the start of the revolution, we had
made it quite clear to the higher classes how unfair it was that the rich constantly grow yet richer while the poor grow yet poorer.
Now that this problem is still thriving, we evidently didn’t make ourselves clear enough. The catalyst, the spark of motivation to
protest and carry on the revolutiod disappeared from some people. I had also grown tired, but I didn’t want to give up! We had
gotten so far and we had yet to go further. As a Jacobin, I wanted a republic and I was willing to fight for it. The Directory had a bad
way of ruling and it was not acceptable. They were running out of money to carry on the process of governing the nation, they
ignored elections that did not go the way they wanted and they also ignored the constitution in order to do things to control the
people.
But yesterday, Napoleon overthrew the Directory and we have yet to see what his way of governing France is. I can’t imagine him
creating a republic, giving voting rights to even the poor, or clearing the financial crisis. All I can hope is that he is more capable than
Louis XVI had been and less violent than Robespierre was.

12. French Revolution. The French Revolution: Part 02: October 1791-1803: The Continuing Rebellion. Discovery Education, n.d. Web. 5 May 2013.
<http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/645800A0-0B13-4161-91D4-D316C1AB628C>.
"The Enlightenment." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 5 May 2013.
<http://library.thinkquest.org/C006257/revolution/the_enlightenment.shtml>.
"The Estates." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 5 May 2013. <http://library.thinkquest.org/C006257/revolution/the_estates.shtml>.
"The Tennis Court Oath." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 5 May 2013.
<http://library.thinkquest.org/C006257/revolution/tennis_court_oath.shtml>.
"Storming of the Bastille." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 5 May 2013.
<http://library.thinkquest.org/C006257/revolution/storming_of_bastille.shtml>.
"The Constitution of 1791." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 5 May 2013.
<http://library.thinkquest.org/C006257/revolution/const_1791.shtml>.
"The Jacobins." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 5 May 2013. <http://library.thinkquest.org/C006257/revolution/the_jacobins.shtml>.
"The Sans-culottes." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 5 May 2013. <http://library.thinkquest.org/C006257/revolution/sans_culottes.shtml>.
"The Trial and Execution of Louis XVI." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 5 May 2013.
<http://library.thinkquest.org/C006257/revolution/execution_louis.shtml>.
"The Fall of Robespierre." ThinkQuest. Oracle Foundation, n.d. Web. 5 May 2013.
<http://library.thinkquest.org/C006257/revolution/fall_of_robespierre.shtml>.
Bentley, Jerry H., and Herbert F. Ziegler. Traditions & Encounters: A Global Perspective on the past. Boston: McGraw Hill, 2000. Print.
Dickinson, Martin. French Revolution: History in Depth. Walton-on-Thames: Nelson, 1992. Print.
Lacey, Robert. The French Revolution. Amawalk, NY: Jackdaw Publications, 1993. Print.
Mantin, Peter. The French Revolution. Oxford: Heinemann Educational, 1992. Print.
Millard, Anne, and Joseph McEwan. The Age of Revolutions: From AD 1750 to AD 1914. London: Usborne, 1990. Print.
Perry, Marvin. History of the World. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1995. Print.
Scott, Marvin. Of Many times and Cultures: Fascinating Facts and Stories from World History. Portland, Me: J. Weston Walch, 1993. Print.
Bibliography