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1. H O W D I D T H E
F R E N C H R E V O L U T I O N S T A R T
Liberty, Equality, Fraternity

3. The Three Estates
Nobilit
y
Clerg
y
Peasants

4. Now the question is, why have people
tolerated discrimination if they have
accepted this system for more than a
thousand years? Religion is the only
thing.

5. The Doctrine Of Divine Right Of Kings

7. INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENT
During the 1600s, a new movement began in Europe
known as the intellectual movement. In this
movement, people started using their brains, and
the existing system should continue. Who gave the
right to rule to the rulers? This era is known as the
Age of Enlightenment.

10. Idea Of Democracy
John Locke opposed the Doctrine Of Divine Right of
Kings because he felt that every person is equal and no
person has the right to rule over other people and if
anyone person got the chance to rule then he should
take permission from the people first. This is from where
the idea of Democracy began. The true purpose of the
government is to protect the Natural rights of the
citizens and if the government failed to do this then the
people should have the right to overthorw the
government

11. Roussea
u
Mostesquie
u
Thomas Hobbes

12. -JEAN ROUSSEAU

13. FREEDOM TO DO
EVERYTHING WHICH
INJURES NO ONE ELSE

14. Clergy
Nobility
Peasants
The clery, the people of religion, always took a religious tax on the
common people which is also known as TITHE(10% of the
agricultural produce). The money earned by the peasants they
have to give the 10% of the money as tax to the clergy's. THe
Mobility people imposed a direct land tax on the common people
which is known as TAILLE. The peasants or the commoners had to
shoulder all tax payment on themselves. The farmers had to pay
very heavy amount of tax. The total persant of population of the
Clergy's and the NObility is only 2%and the peasants makeup
98%.

15. From 1750-1760s the economy of the france was
struggling. France always goes for a war with Britain
because they both were colonial powers and because
of this there were many conflicts between this two. In
the Seventh Year war(1756-1763). France was almost
Bankrupt and was under large money debts.

16. During this time in 1774, King Louis XVI was
appointed as the new King. He became a king at the
age of 20 years. The crops which grown by the
farmers were closely monitored by the government.
So if any area of france was under famine then the
other areas having a good agricultural products like
grains must be sent to the areas facing famines. For
this they have Grain police. To ensure that the work
was properly done.

17. King Louis XVI made Robert Jacques Turgot as his
finance minister who is a close friend of Adam Smith.
He felt that the government should not interfere in
anything at all. Jacques Turgot applied this idea
there in the france. IN 1774 Jacques Turgot passed
the new laws of farm. Because, this laws stopped the
government interference the grain merchants could
buy the crops and they can even hold the crops and
sell them later.

18. This laws led the grain prices to increase rapidly. The
food became very expensive. In April-May(1975) the
peasants started rioting which is called the flour war. .
Turgot's main intension was not wrong at all. He belived
that without the governments interference, people would
benefit a lot. But, when he understood that this idea was
not successful, he proposed to levy taxes on the nobility
and clergy's inorder to improve the financial position of
the country. But, the nobility and the clergy's dint agree
to this proposal and Turgot was removed from his
financial minister post in 1776.

19. In 1776 was the year when america became an
independent country. The revolutionaries and freedom
fighters of america they got support from the france's
king Louis XVI and the reason is that since america
was a british colon and france and the british were
enemies then, france helped america to become
independent so that the britain would surrender the
area and it was so expensive for the france. This was
followed by another was between France and the
britain. The Anglo-French War(1778-1783). The debt
increased further to 2 billion livre and the people of the
france were in poverty.

20. King Louis spent a very large amount of money in order
to construct a mansion for himself and also for the
palace maintenance and not only him but many people
from his family spent a lot of money like his wife who
always used to buy many dresses and spent a lot of
money also making very expensive perfumes just for
herself. Marie the wife of the king always used to send
love affairs to Axel Fersen. People used to belive that the
rulers were sent by the gods and when they that the
queen is send love affairs people were sure that she
wasn't sent by the god. Like this there were many reasons
to hate King Loui and was a lot of hatred to him among
the people.

21. Problems like Famine, no jobs, economic problems never ended.
When the people were so angry then this anger can lead to civil
wars and riots. If all the people went frustated then there could
be a big revolution and the age of enlightenment was a big
source of this anger. Earlier we already saw that the
philosophers were talking how the rulers arn't deserving how
there should be equality among the people and now even all the
people started to think. There were many slogans and one of
the famous slogan is liberty, equality and fraternity. The king
tried to convince the people and wanted to stop and clam this
masses. His new finance minister was apointed who is Charles
Alexander . Alexander's ideas were alike to Turgot's which is to
improve the financial situation of the country.

22. Alexander just like Turgot he need to impose a new tax
on the nobility and the clergy's to improve and balance
the financial situation. But, as always the nobility and
the clergy's dint let this dint let this happen. Charles
lost his job to like Turgot.

23. The king tried to search for solution. He summoned the
Esatate general. The estate generals were like a
government that time althrough they wern't the
government like we know the, they were a body who
worked for the government and acted as a adviser to the
king. The intresting thing of the estate generals was that
they had representatives from all the three estates also
the estate generals wern't summoned in the preceding
175 years. 1614 was the last time that they were
summoned. King Louis XVI summoned them on 5th May
1789 because the clergy's and the nobility wernt allowing
the financial advisors advice to be implemented thats
why the king used the estate generals.

24. Each of the three Estates have 1 vote each when the
peopele want to make the decision the nobility and the
clergy's used to have 2 votes so the ideas of the
commoners were compressed. Due to this the peasants
or the commoners wanted one vote to an individual
member. Instead of one vote to an entire group. The king
dint take their demand that seriously so the common
people wanted to form their own Estate general and their
own government so that they can get equal votes and
equal value. When the king found about this, he locked
the hall so that the commoners cant enter. He prevented
the commoners to make their own government..

25. So they went to the tennis court nearby and on the tennis
court they took the famous tennis court Oath and
declared their independent government on 17th June. It
is known as the Declaration of National Assembly(17th
June 1789) They said that they cannot be stopped from
creating a new constituion is the france. They wanted to
write a constitution which will provide equal treatment to
for all. Some of the nobility and the clergy's became a
part of this assembly and king louis was shocked to see
this. The king saw that he cant prevent the people
forming a new government. On 27th June, king louis
understood the national assembly and therefore he
agreed to the national assembly in forming a new
government.

26. When the people seated in the national Assembly's
hall, the left were from the 3rd Estate the commoners
who supported the revolution they sat on the left wing
of the hall and the clergy's, Nobility sat on the Right
Wing who supported the monarchy. This is the time
from where the idea of the left wing and the right wing
started. From the perspective of the french revolution
our rulers and monarchy they wanted to uphold the
them and this was their ideology. The people of the left
wing demanded equality. The people of the right wing
used religions saying that the god has decreed the king
to rule

27. A rumor started to spread that the King Louis was
planning on attacking paris to overthrow the National
Assembly. This rumor made the people violent, there
were riots. They attacked the Bastille Fort in 14th July
and hoped to find gun power and weapons in order to
start a revolution. They found 7 prisoners, whom they
set free and because of this on 14th july it is
celebrated as the National Day of France. When others
got to know about this incident they realised that they
have the power to fight.

28. When the tax collecters came to collect the tax then the farmers refused
to pay any tax and revolted. The tax collecters were beaten and thrown out
of the fields. Many nobles started to flee to other european countries
because france was the only country with the uprising and the other
european countries were still content with monarchies. With each day the
power of the national assembly kept on increasing. On 9th July a National
Constituent Assembly was formed from the National Assembly. On 26th
August, this Constituent Assembly adopted the declaration of the rights of
the man and citizens. This draft was the first draft of the french revolution
and the first atempt at adopting a Constitution and had 17 articles

29. But, King Louis refused to sign the document. On 5th October 1789
another revolution was started on the cost of food that the price of the
bread hasn't decreased at all. Still the country was struggling with
inflation and the economic situation hadn't improved at all. On 5th
October thousands of women gathered at a market in Paris and agreed
that the things had become unbearable. Changes needed to be adopted
quickly to improve the economy of the country. Thousands of people were
motived by this, some men and soldiers joined them. This event is called
the March of Versailles. They entered the palace and seeing these women
in the palace, the king and the queen were forced to sign the on the Draft
the king finnaly signed on the document .

30. After this movement, women demanded equal rights in the National
Assembly. In september 1791 the french activist and feminist Olympe de
Gouges published the declaration of the rights of women and the Female
Citizen and this was the beggining. Unfortunately, over the next 150 years
and women weren't given equal rights in European countries. Elections
were classed in 1791 the monarchy was completely abolished and thus
finnaly france became a republic country. King Louis and Marie were
imprisoned for there crimes and later they were put on trial and sentenced
to death