The document discusses literature during the Elizabethan age in England. It notes that there was a revival in studying Greek literature which benefited and polished English literature. The Elizabethan age saw a wide output of literary works of all kinds, as well as many translations of important foreign works, after a lean period. This contributed to a spirit of adventure and freshness. Drama thrived during this period, reaching its peak with Shakespeare and Ben Johnson. Poetry also flourished, with many songs, lyrics and sonnets produced. Prose also rose to prominence for the first time.

1. Literary characteristics prepared by Dipti
Vaghela

2. Ancient Greek Literature
 The ardent revival in the
study of Greek literature
brought dazzling light into
many dark places of
intellect. The new classical
influence were a great
benefit. They tempered and
polished the earlier
rudeness of English
literature.

3.  The Elizabethan age was
rich in literary productions
of all kinds. In the
Elizabethan age pamphlets
and treatise, were freely
written. On the whole, the
output of literature was
very wide, and “after the
lean years of the preceding
epoch the prodigal issue of
the Elizabethan age is
almost embarrassing.

4.  The romantic quest is for the
remote, the wonderful and
the beautiful. All these desires
were abundantly fed during
the Elizabethan age, which is
the first and the greatest
romantic epoch. There was a
daring and resolute spirit of
adventure in literary as well as
other regions, and most
important of all these was
buoyanc e and freshness in
the strong wind of the spirit.

5.  The Elizabethan age
witnessed translation into
English of several important
foreign books. In this
respect Legouis remarks,
‘The rich soil was fertilized
by a deep layer of
translations. By 1579, many
of the great books of
ancient and modern times
had been translated into
English, almost all of them
by 1603.

6.  Some of these translations formed current
reading and some became as popular as the
writing of English authors. Many translations
were as popular as the original works. The
Thomas North translated Plutarch’s ‘Lives’ and
John Florio translated Montaigne’s ‘Essais’. No
less popular were the translations in verse e.g.,
‘Metamorphoses by Arthur Golding, Aristo’s
‘Orlando Furioso’ by Sir John Harrington, Tasso’s
‘Jerusalum Liberata’ by Richard Carew.

7.  In spite of borrowing from
abroad, the authors of this age
showed a spirit of independence
and creativeness. Shakespeare
borrowed freely, but by the
alembic of his creative
imagination he transformed the
dross into gold. Spenser
introduced the Spenserian
Stanzas and from his works we
get the impression of
inventiveness. On the whole the
outlook of the writers during this
age was broad and independent.

8.  Drama made a swift
and wonderful leap into
maturity. The drama
reached the splendid
consummation in the
hands of Shakespeare
and Ben Johnson. Three
types of drama wrote in
this age tragedy,
comedy and historical.

9.  Poetry enjoyed its heyday
during this period. The
whole age lived in a state
of poetic favor. Songs,
lyrics and sonnets were
produced in plenty, and
England became a nest of
singing birds. In
versification there was a
marked improvement.
Melody and pictorialism
were introduced in
poetry by Spenser.

10.  For the first time prose
rose to the position of
first rate importance. The
dead weight of Latin
tradition gradually passed
away and English prose
acquired a tradition and
universal application.
English novel made its
first proper appearance
during this age.