This document provides a summary of key concepts in electricity including:
1. Electric current is the flow of electrons through a conductor measured in amperes. Current flows from the positive terminal to the negative terminal of a battery.
2. Potential difference is the difference in electric potential provided by a battery that causes electric current. It is measured in volts.
3. An electric circuit is a continuous loop through which electric current can flow, including components like batteries, wires, switches, and resistors.
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This is a chapter on electricity for the students of gr 10. this will make the chapter 100% easier and it is tested. for reviews browse www.anupamravi17.wix.com/outlawairbands. this is the official website of the outlaws gaming society. you will also get important gaming updates if you are an addicted gamer LOL Hope U Enjoy!!! if any doubts on this chapter just below in the comments section. Peace Stay fresh.
Current Electricity and Effects of CurrentOleepari
Electric current, potential difference and electric current. Ohm’s law; Resistance, Resistivity,
Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination of resistors,
parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life. Heating effect of electric
current and its applications in daily life. Electric power, Interrelation between P, V, I and R
1 Circuit Element and Laws
2 Magnetic circuit
3 Network Analysis
4 Network Theorems
5 A.C. Circuit and Resonance
6 Coupled Circuit
7 Transients
8 Two Port Network
9 Filters
This PPT is made for class 10 students. It covers all the topics of CBSE curriculum. An interactive inforgraphic based demonstration for better understanding. Do ask questions for any confusion.
Current Electricity and Effects of CurrentOleepari
Electric current, potential difference and electric current. Ohm’s law; Resistance, Resistivity,
Factors on which the resistance of a conductor depends. Series combination of resistors,
parallel combination of resistors and its applications in daily life. Heating effect of electric
current and its applications in daily life. Electric power, Interrelation between P, V, I and R
1 Circuit Element and Laws
2 Magnetic circuit
3 Network Analysis
4 Network Theorems
5 A.C. Circuit and Resonance
6 Coupled Circuit
7 Transients
8 Two Port Network
9 Filters
This PPT is made for class 10 students. It covers all the topics of CBSE curriculum. An interactive inforgraphic based demonstration for better understanding. Do ask questions for any confusion.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
Salas, V. (2024) "John of St. Thomas (Poinsot) on the Science of Sacred Theol...Studia Poinsotiana
I Introduction
II Subalternation and Theology
III Theology and Dogmatic Declarations
IV The Mixed Principles of Theology
V Virtual Revelation: The Unity of Theology
VI Theology as a Natural Science
VII Theology’s Certitude
VIII Conclusion
Notes
Bibliography
All the contents are fully attributable to the author, Doctor Victor Salas. Should you wish to get this text republished, get in touch with the author or the editorial committee of the Studia Poinsotiana. Insofar as possible, we will be happy to broker your contact.
The ability to recreate computational results with minimal effort and actionable metrics provides a solid foundation for scientific research and software development. When people can replicate an analysis at the touch of a button using open-source software, open data, and methods to assess and compare proposals, it significantly eases verification of results, engagement with a diverse range of contributors, and progress. However, we have yet to fully achieve this; there are still many sociotechnical frictions.
Inspired by David Donoho's vision, this talk aims to revisit the three crucial pillars of frictionless reproducibility (data sharing, code sharing, and competitive challenges) with the perspective of deep software variability.
Our observation is that multiple layers — hardware, operating systems, third-party libraries, software versions, input data, compile-time options, and parameters — are subject to variability that exacerbates frictions but is also essential for achieving robust, generalizable results and fostering innovation. I will first review the literature, providing evidence of how the complex variability interactions across these layers affect qualitative and quantitative software properties, thereby complicating the reproduction and replication of scientific studies in various fields.
I will then present some software engineering and AI techniques that can support the strategic exploration of variability spaces. These include the use of abstractions and models (e.g., feature models), sampling strategies (e.g., uniform, random), cost-effective measurements (e.g., incremental build of software configurations), and dimensionality reduction methods (e.g., transfer learning, feature selection, software debloating).
I will finally argue that deep variability is both the problem and solution of frictionless reproducibility, calling the software science community to develop new methods and tools to manage variability and foster reproducibility in software systems.
Exposé invité Journées Nationales du GDR GPL 2024
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Deep Behavioral Phenotyping in Systems Neuroscience for Functional Atlasing a...Ana Luísa Pinho
Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) provides means to characterize brain activations in response to behavior. However, cognitive neuroscience has been limited to group-level effects referring to the performance of specific tasks. To obtain the functional profile of elementary cognitive mechanisms, the combination of brain responses to many tasks is required. Yet, to date, both structural atlases and parcellation-based activations do not fully account for cognitive function and still present several limitations. Further, they do not adapt overall to individual characteristics. In this talk, I will give an account of deep-behavioral phenotyping strategies, namely data-driven methods in large task-fMRI datasets, to optimize functional brain-data collection and improve inference of effects-of-interest related to mental processes. Key to this approach is the employment of fast multi-functional paradigms rich on features that can be well parametrized and, consequently, facilitate the creation of psycho-physiological constructs to be modelled with imaging data. Particular emphasis will be given to music stimuli when studying high-order cognitive mechanisms, due to their ecological nature and quality to enable complex behavior compounded by discrete entities. I will also discuss how deep-behavioral phenotyping and individualized models applied to neuroimaging data can better account for the subject-specific organization of domain-general cognitive systems in the human brain. Finally, the accumulation of functional brain signatures brings the possibility to clarify relationships among tasks and create a univocal link between brain systems and mental functions through: (1) the development of ontologies proposing an organization of cognitive processes; and (2) brain-network taxonomies describing functional specialization. To this end, tools to improve commensurability in cognitive science are necessary, such as public repositories, ontology-based platforms and automated meta-analysis tools. I will thus discuss some brain-atlasing resources currently under development, and their applicability in cognitive as well as clinical neuroscience.
BLOOD AND BLOOD COMPONENT- introduction to blood physiology
ELECTRICITY.ppt.pptx
1. CHAPTER -12
ELECTRICITY
Class :- X
Subject :- Science
Name of Teacher :- Mr. V. K. Pathak (PGT Physics)
School :- KV RRL Jorhat, Assam
2. 1) Electric current :-
Electric current :- is the flow of electrons through a conductor.
The device which causes the flow of electrons through a conductor is
called a cell.
Electrons flow from the negative terminal to the positive terminal.
Electric current flows from the positive terminal to the negative terminal.
This is called conventional current.
Electric current is expressed as :- The rate of flow of charges through a
conductor or the quantity of charges flowing through a conductor in
unit time. Q
I = I – current
t Q – quantity of charge
t – time
The SI unit of electric charge is coulomb (C). It is the charge contained
in 6x10 18 electrons.
The SI unit of current is called ampere (A).
One ampere is the current flowing through a conductor if I coulomb of
charge flows through it in 1 second.
1coulomb
1ampere =
1 second
Electric Current is measured by an ammeter. It is always connected in series
in a circuit.
3.
4. 2) Electric potential and Potential difference :-
Electric current will flow through a conductor only if there is a difference in
the electric potential between the two ends of the conductor. This difference in
electric potential between the two ends of a conductor is called potential
difference.
The potential difference in a circuit is provided by a cell or battery. The
chemical reaction in the cell produces a potential difference between the two
terminals and sets the electrons in motion and produces electric current.
Potential difference :- between two points A and B of a conductor is the
amount of work done to move a unit charge from A to B.
Work done W
Potential difference = or V =
Charge Q
The SI unit of potential difference is volt (V).
One volt is the potential difference when 1 joule of work is done to move a
charge of 1 coulomb from one point to the other.
1 joule 1J
1 volt = or 1 V =
1 coulomb 1C
Potential difference is measured by a voltmeter. It is always connected in
parallel across the two point between which the potential difference is to be
measured.
5. 3a) Electric circuit :-
Electric circuit :- is a continuous and closed path of an
electric current.
A schematic diagram of an electric circuit comprising
of a cell, electric bulb, ammeter and plug key.
A
+
-
+
-
bulb
cell
ammeter
plug key
6. b) Symbols of components used in electric
circuits :-
An electric cell A battery or combination
of cells
Plug key or switch Plug key or switch
(open) (closed)
Electric bulb A resistor of
resistance R
Variable resistance or
or rheostat
Ammeter Voltmeter
A wire joint A wire crossing over
without joining
A v
+ - -
+
+ - + -
7.
8.
9. 4) Ohm’s law :-
Ohms law is a relationship between the potential difference across a
conductor and the current flowing through it.
Ohm’s law states that :-
‘The current flowing through a conductor is directly proportional to the
potential difference between its ends provided its temperature remains
constant.’ V V
I α V or V α I or = constant or = R
I I
Where R is a constant called resistance for a given metallic wire at a
given temperature.
Verification of Ohm’s law :-
V
A
+ -
+ -
+ -
R
K
A B
( )
10. Set up the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram. First use one cell
and note the current (I) in the ammeter and the potential difference (V)
in the voltmeter across the nichrome wire AB. Repeat by using two
cells, three cells and four cells and note the readings in the ammeter
and voltmeter. Then plot a graph between the current (I) and potential
difference (V). The graph will be a straight line.
This shows that the current flowing through a conductor is directly
proportional to the potential difference across its ends.
V
I α V or V α I or = R
I
where R is a constant called resistance of the conductor.
Potential difference ( V )
Current ( I )
11. 5a) Resistance :-
Resistance is the property of a conductor to resist the
flow of current through it.
V
According to Ohm’s law R =
I
The SI unit of resistance is ohm (Ω).
If the potential difference across the two ends of a wire
is 1 V and the current flowing through it is 1 A then the
resistance R of the conductor is 1 ohm (1 Ω ).
V
Since I =
R
The current flowing through a resistor is inversely
proportional to the resistance.
So if the resistance is doubled, then the current gets
halved.
12. b) Factors on which the resistance of a conductor
depends :-
The resistance of a conductor depends upon its:-
i) Length
ii) Area of cross section
iii) Material of the conductor.
Resistance is directly proportional to the length of the conductor
and inversely proportional to the area of cross section of the
conductor.
R α l
R α I /A
or R α l
A
or R = ρ l
A
Where ρ (rho) is a constant of proportionality called Resistivity of the
material of the conductor.
The SI unit of resistivity is ohm meter ( Ωm).
Conductors like metals and alloys have low resistivity 10-8 Ωm
to 10-6 Ωm.
Insulators like rubber, glass etc. have high resistivity 1012 Ωm
to 1017 Ωm.
13. 6a) Resistors in series :-
When three resistors R1, R2 and R3 are connected in series across AB
i) The current in all the resistors is the same.
ii) The total voltage (PD) across the resistors is equal to the sum of the
voltage across each resistor.
V = V1 + V2 + V3
iii) The eqvivalent resistance is the sum of the resistances of each
resistor.
RS = R1 + R2 + R3
( ) A
R1 R2
R3
+ +
-
-
V1 V2 V3
A B
V
+ -
14.
15. b) Resistors in parallel :-
When three resistors R1, R2 and R3 are connected in parallel across AB,
i) The voltage (PD) in all the resistors is the same.
ii) The total current in all the resistors is the sum of the current in each
resistor. I = I1 + I2 + I3
iii) The reciprocal of the equivalent resistance is the sum of the
reciprocals of each resistance.
1 1 1 1
= + +
Rp R1 R2 R3
R1
R3
R2
( ) A
I1
I2
I3
+
-
+ -
A B
V
+ -
16.
17. 7) Electrical energy and Electric power :-
i) Electrical energy :- is the work done to maintain the flow of
current in a conductor.
W = Q X V I = Q / t Q = I X t
W = I X t x V V = IR
W = I2Rt
The unit of electrical energy is joule (J).
ii) Electric power :- is the rate at which electric current is used.
Power = Work done P = W W = I2Rt = I2Rt
Time t t
Power = I2R R = V = I2 X V = I X V
I I
or Power = I X V
The SI unit of power is watt (W).
One watt is the power when 1A of current flows across a potential
difference of 1V.
1000 W = 1kW 1kWh = 1000 watt x 3600 seconds = 3.6 x 106 joules
The commercial unit of power is watt hour (Wh) or kilo watt hour (kWh).
One kWh is the power consumed when 1W of power is used for 1 hour.
18. 8) Heating effect of electric current :-
If a current I flows through a resistor of resistance R and t be the
time for which a charge Q flows through it, then the work done to
move the charge through potential difference V
W = Q X V
P = W = Q X V Q = I or P = V X I
t t t
or Heat energy supplied = P X t = V X I X t
According to Ohm’s law V = IR
Heat produced H = I2Rt
( ) A
V
R
A B
I I
+ -
+ -
+
-