The document discusses types of computer networks and how they function. It describes peer-to-peer and client-server networks, and different types of area networks including LANs, WANs, CANs, and MANs. It also explains how networks connect to the internet using modems and ISPs, how information is transmitted over networks using protocols like TCP/IP, and how clients communicate with servers over the internet using domain names.

1. ª٥
‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ة‬
Networks
‫ﺏ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬
‫ب‬ ‫ذی‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫م‬
‫دة‬ ‫ﺵ‬CISCO‫ى‬ ‫ت‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬CCNA
issam _art4@yahoo.com

2. ª٦
‫ﳜ‬‫ﺇﳕﺎ‬‫ﳜ‬‫ﺇﳕﺎ‬‫ﳜ‬‫ﺇﳕﺎ‬‫ﳜ‬‫ﺇﳕﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺍﷲ‬‫ﺸﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺍﷲ‬‫ﺸﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺍﷲ‬‫ﺸﻰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎء‬‫ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ‬‫ﻣﻦ‬‫ﺍﷲ‬‫ﺸﻰ‬
¯

3. ª٧
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺏ‬
....
¯...
ú......
.......
‫اء‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ب‬ ‫آ‬ ‫وه‬
‫و‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫آ‬ ‫رس‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دة‬)‫ا‬(‫آ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫وه‬
‫دات‬ ‫وردت‬ ‫و‬ ‫وآ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺵ‬ ‫أو‬
‫وا‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وﺏ‬ ‫ووا‬‫ﺏ‬ ‫دة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺕ‬ ‫ی‬
‫و‬ ‫ة‬ ‫در‬ ‫ر‬ ‫اﺥ‬ ‫وﺕ‬‫إ‬ ‫وذ‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ء‬ ‫و‬
‫ا‬ ‫أﺏ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫وﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫وآ‬ ‫دة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫در‬ ‫ا‬
‫أﺏ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫أﺕ‬ ‫إن‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ارﺕ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ﺏ‬ ‫دة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫إ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫دة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ب‬ ‫اﺱ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ن‬ ‫ی‬ ‫ا‬
‫ی‬ ‫و‬ ‫رﺹ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ء‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ﺏ‬
‫ت‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫م‬ ‫وا‬ ‫ﺵ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺏ‬ ‫وا‬ ‫إ‬ ‫وآ‬.
‫ﺕ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ب‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ه‬ ‫ن‬ ‫آ‬
)‫ب‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ة‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ا‬(‫ب‬ ‫إ‬ ‫و‬ ‫م‬ ‫اه‬ ‫وا‬
‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫آ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ﺹ‬ ‫وﺥ‬ ‫ت‬ ‫ﺱ‬ ‫ا‬ ‫دة‬ ‫ﺏ‬ ‫ا‬
‫ت‬ ‫ی‬ ‫وا‬.
‫ی‬ ‫إن‬ ‫ا‬.
‫ا‬

4. ª٨
‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬
‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﺗﺮﺳﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬
‫ﻃﺮ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎء‬
‫ﻭﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻦ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻭﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻞ‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ‬‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻻ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬:
‫ﻟﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬Peer-to-Peer Networks:
‫ﻟﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬:
‫ﺍﳌﺰﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬/‫ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻮﻥ‬Server-Client Networks:

5. ª٩
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
•local area networks- LANs:
.
•wide area networks - WANs:
.
•campusarea networksCANs:
.
•metropolitan area networks - MANs:
.
•home area networksHANs:
.
•Global Area Network
‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺼﻞ‬‫ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺼﻞ‬‫ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺼﻞ‬‫ﺑﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬:
Modem ,
modem :
ISP

6. ª١٠
IP Address
.
‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﺗﺮﺳﻞ‬‫ﺗﺮﺳﻞ‬‫ﺗﺮﺳﻞ‬‫ﺗﺮﺳﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬::::
protocols
TCP/IP
HEADERIP
.
HEADER
.
(ROUTERS ).
‫ﻃﺮ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻠﻘﺎء‬:
Client
requesthttp://
www.
yahoo
comDomain
Server
MSN

7. ª١١
google..
@DOMAIN.
Bandwidth
‫ﻭﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻫﻤﻴﻪ‬
:
.
.
.
.
. Information sharing
CD-ROM
.
Electronic-mail
.
Library forums
.
Educational & Research Support

8. ª١٢
.
software’s(
)
plotters
printersfiles. CD-ROMs
workgroups
.
‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬‫ﻓﺎﺋﺪﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
""
Scanner
.
.
‫ﺍﻷﻣﻦ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻣﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ‬‫ﻭﻣﺮﻛﺰﻳﺘﻪ‬

9. ª١٣
‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻞ‬
.
Window
.
)
Network Inteface Card.).
)(Thin Ethernet
""""
Plug.Daisy Chain
"Bus
topology"
.
Twisted PairBase-T
Network hub
.
.
‫ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ‬‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
Network Card
…
Software ConfigurationPlug & Play

10. ª١٤
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬
.
.
.
.
.
"".
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
"
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬
Motherboard
Slots .
Network CardPCI
PCIISA
ISA .
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬
Hub.
.
.""
.
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬
Hub
LCD

11. ª١٥
..
.
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬
Windows
.
Windows
.
.default
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬:
Network Neighborhood .
PropertiesConfiguration: Client
for Microsoft NetworkNetBEUICom Etherlink
XL."Add" .
NetBEUI"Add"
MicrosoftNetBEUIOK .
ServicesFile
Printing sharing for Microsoft Networks.
OKFilePrinting sharing
Dialogue Box
.
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‬:
.
..

12. ª١٦
.
Computer description
.
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ‬:
Password.
..
‫ﺍﳋﻄﻮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮﺓ‬:
.
.Sharing as
.FullRead
only"" depend on password .
.
:
.
.
.Data
FDD.
.
.
.
.
.

13. ª١٧
WAN
:
.E-mail
.
.)World Wide Web
(www
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﺑﻌﻀﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﻼﻗﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﻴﺚ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬:
‫ﻟﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬Peer-to-Peer Networks:
.
:LAN
Server
.
Workgroup.
.
.
:
..

14. ª١٨
.
.
..
.
.
‫ﻟﻠﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﺪ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﳑﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬:
..
..
.
.
.
.
:
..
..
.
.
:
.Windows 3.11 for Workgroup
.Windows 95
.Windows 98
.Windows Me
.Windows NT 4.0 Workstation
.Windows NT 4.0 Server
.Windows 2000 Professional
.Windows 2000 Server
Windows 2000Windows NT &
.
:

15. ª١٩
.
.
.
.
.
Remote Access Service) RAS(.
.Win 9x
‫ﺍﳌﺰﻭﺩ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬/‫ﺍﻟﺰﺑﻮﻥ‬Server-Client Networks:
/Server-Based
Network)
()dedicated(
/
/
.
/
:
..
..
..
.
.
.
.
.Security/
)(Administrator

16. ª٢٠
.
:
File Servers.
Print Servers.
Application Servers.
Communication Servers.
Database Servers.
Windows 2000 ServerWindows NT Server &
:
Mail Server
.
Fax Server
.
Communication Server
Directory ServicesServer
Domain)
Windows(
.
/Internet Intranet.
File and Print Server
.
Application Servers
.

17. ª٢١
.
Microsoft LAN Manager
MS-DOS , UNIX , OS/2.
Windows NT Server:
Symmetric Multi Processing ) SMP(
Processor
.
), Intel , MIPS , RISCDigital Alpha AXP
PowerPC ,.(
Directory ArchitectureServices.
EB 1) Exabyte260.(
EB.
.
Windows NT Workstation
Win9x.
/
Combination Network.
:
.
.
.
Processing Activity.
:

18. ª٢٢
.
.
.
.
/
RAM
.

19. ª٢٣
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺩ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺩ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺩ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬....
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﶈ‬‫ﺍﶈ‬‫ﺍﶈ‬‫ﺍﶈ‬‫ﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﻠﻴﺔ؟‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
ُ ُُ ُُ ُُ ُ
‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
ُ ُ
‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬....
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬....
‫ﻭﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪﻫﺎ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬‫ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬‫ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬‫ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬(point-to-point connection):
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬(circuit switching) :
‫ﺑﺎﳊﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬
َ ُ
(packet switching):
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬(WAN virtual circuits):
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬
َ
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬(WAN devices):
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬....
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬CAN(Campus Area network)
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺋﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺋﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺋﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺋﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬....

20. ª٢٤
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬))))‫ﺍﳌﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬.(.(.(.(

21. ª٢٥

22. ª٢٦
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺩ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺩ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺩ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺘﺎﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﰲ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
Network
AdapterCard
:
)Network InterfaceCard (NIC.
LAN Card.
LAN Interface Card.
LANAdapter.

23. ª٢٧
.
Expansion Slot
.
‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺩﻭﺭ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺑﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
*.
*.
*.
*
.
IEEE
)Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers(
.
ROM
.
.
.
.
:
ISA
MCA
EISA
PCI
‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬....

24. ª٢٨
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬
(computer network)
):.(
(workstations)
(hardware)
(software)
(Email)(chat).
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺇﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﻟﻮﺝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
ُ ُُ ُُ ُُ ُ
‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬
(protocol)
(packets)
.
(transmission
medium).
:
١.(contention):
(collision).:

25. ª٢٩
o(carrier sensing):
.
o(carrier detection):
.
CSMA/CD
(carrier sense multiple access
collision detect)
(Ethernet).
٢.(token passing):
(token)
.
(token ring protocol).
٣.(token passing)
(contention)-.
٤.‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻃﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻫﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
ُ ُ
‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ؟‬
(unicast)
(multicasting)
(broadcasting)
.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬

26. ª٣٠
.
:
١.)Ethernet:(
(bus topology)(star topology)
/.
(CSMA/CD)
(coaxial cables)(twisted pair).
:
o(fast Ethernet):
/(twisted pair).
o(gigabit Ethernet):
(optical fibers)
/
..
٢.):Token ring LAN(
(token passing)
.
.
/.
٣.distributed data-fiber(
):FDDI-interface
.FDDI
(token passing
(token ring)
/.

27. ª٣١
(backbone)
(WAN).
٤.:
(Multilayer switching)
STP (spannig tree protocol).
(connectivity devices)
.
.
١.(modem):
(digital
signals)
(analog signals).
(modem)-(digital)
(analog)(modulation)
(demodulation).
.
/
:ISDN (Integrated
services digital network)(digital
subscriber line).
٢.(hub):
(coaxial cables)-

28. ª٣٢
(hub)
(segments).:
o(passive hub):
(segments)
(packets).
o(active hub):
(regenerate).
.
(intelligent hub).
٣.(repeater)
(repeater)
.:(analog)
(digital)
.
٤.(bridge)
(bridge)
(segment)
.
(switch)
(packets)(segments)
(switched LAN).
٥.(router)
(bridge)
(router).
(packets)

29. ª٣٣
(route)
.
.
٦.(gateway)
(router)
(gateway)
.
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬....
MAN)MANSMEN(
LAN
.
MAN
.MAN
.www.tartoos.com
.
IEEE802.6DQDB)
( Distributed Queue Dual Bus
DQDB
.
MAN802.6
.
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬....
(WAN)

30. ª٣٤
(WAN)
)((LAN)
.
.
‫ﻭﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪﻫﺎ؟‬ ‫ﺃﻫﻤﻴﺘﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬
.
-
.
(e-business).
(public telecommunications
companies- PTT)
(leased line).
:
‫ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬‫ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬‫ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬‫ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻞ‬(point-to-point connection):
(leased line)
).(
َ ‫ا‬ ‫َم‬ ُ ‫ا‬ ‫ل‬ ‫إر‬[datagram transmission]
(data-stream transmission).
-
.
(circuit switching).
‫ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬‫ﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬(circuit switching) :

31. ª٣٥
.
)(
.
(ISDN).
‫ﺑﺎﳊﺰﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻮﻳﻞ‬
َ ُ
(packet switching):
(packets)
(destination node)
(route).
(bandwidth).
(circuit
switching)-.

32. ª٣٦
(packet
switching):
‫ل‬ ‫آ‬ ‫و‬(X.25):
.
.
‫ا‬ ‫ﺡ‬ ‫ل‬ ‫آ‬ ‫و‬‫رات‬(frame relay):
/
(permanent virtual circuits- PVC).
ِ‫ﻡ‬‫ا‬ ‫ا‬ ‫ا‬(asynchronous transfer mode- ATM):
/.
(cells)
.
:
(twisted pair)(optical fiber)T3
(optical carrier).
(packet
switching)(virtual circuits)
.

33. ª٣٧
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻓﱰﺍﺿﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺭﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬(WAN virtual circuits):
(packet
switching).
..
:
(switched virtual circuits- SVC):
.
(permanent virtual circuits- PVC):
.
(PVC)
(bandwidth)(SVC)
(PVC).
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺟﻬﺰﺓ‬
َ
‫ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳﻌﺔ‬(WAN devices):
(router)(T1)
(frame relay)
.(firewall)
(security)
.
(routers)
(multiport)
(WAN switch).
(analog)

34. ª٣٨
(modem)
(analog)
.
(integrated
services digital network- ISDN)
(ISDN
terminal adapter)128/.
(channel service unit/ data service unit-
CSU/DSU)(leased line)
)(router))
.
(datagram)
(routing data)

35. ª٣٩
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺨﺼﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬....
PAN (personal area network).
)(
.
.
Blutooth Special
Interest Group GIS
‫ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻜﺮﺓ‬))))‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﺙ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﺙ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﺙ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﺙ‬Bluetooth((((
.
Bluetooth Special Interest GroupSIG
‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﻭﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠﻮﺗﻮﺙ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻕ‬ ‫ﻣﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻼﺳﻠﻜﻲ‬
)
.(
)(
Infrared Data AssociationIrDA

36. ª٤٠
.
:
:
line of sight
.
:
one to one
.
SiemensIntelToshiba, MotorolaEricsson
radio module
:
•:
.
•.
•:
.
,
.
.
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺍﺧﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺍﺧﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺍﺧﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺒﺎﺩﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺪﺍﺧﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﻴﺠﺔ‬ ‫ﳛﺪﺙ‬ ‫ﻗﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻮﻳﺶ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬

37. ª٤١
,.
!!
.
.
‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﺍﳊﺮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺎﻣﻌﻲ‬‫ﺎﻣﻌﻲ‬‫ﺎﻣﻌﻲ‬‫ﺎﻣﻌﻲ‬CAN(Campus Area network)
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺋﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺋﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺋﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻐﲑﺓ‬ ‫ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺋﺴﺴﺎﺕ‬....
networkenterprise:
.
LANsMANsWANs.
umbrella networks.
LANsWANs
bridgesrouters
gateways.internetworkor
internet(written with a small i).
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ‬))))‫ﺍﳌﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺑﺎﻳﻞ‬.(.(.(.(
١.‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﻪ‬))))Global Area Network::::GAN((((
.
.

38. ª٤٢
.
.
.
.
.:
"TCP/IP"
)TransmissionControlProtocol/Internet
Protocol.(
.
TCP/IP
.TCP/IP
.
TCP/IP.
)TCPIP(
.
)Packets(.TCP
.)
(TCP
).(
IP.
TCP

39. ª٤٣
.
TCP}
{.
)()
.(
.
]Kjaer; 1994[.
)Dots.(
:
, , ,.
.
"awa.com"
"herxl.tat.physik.uni-tubingen.de."
)Domain(
.
"tau”"tau.ac.il"
)(
“ac”)academic(“il”.
.
.

40. ª٤٤
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬....
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬(Active Directory)
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬::::‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺖ‬‫ﺖ‬‫ﺖ‬‫ﺖ‬
‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬::::‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬::::‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬::::-
‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ‬‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ‬‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ‬‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ‬TCP/IP‫؟‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬

41. ª٤٥
‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬
‫ﻛ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﻛ‬‫ﻛ‬‫؟؟؟؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟؟؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟؟؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟؟؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻴﻒ‬
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬TCP/IP
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ؟‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ؟‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ؟‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ؟‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫؟؟‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬TCP Transmission Control Protocol
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬UDPUser Datagram Protocol
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬IP Internet Protocol
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ICMP Internet Control MessageProtocol
‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬
‫ﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬‫ﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬‫ﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬‫ﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬TCP/IP
:Network Interface
:Internet
:Transport
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻲ‬

42. ª٤٦
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻹﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬....
:
".
.
Servers
.
Clients.
–((
Network Operating System.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
.
.
:

43. ª٤٧
.
Active Directory.
.
.
.
.
.
‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬‫ﺍﻭﻻ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺻﻴﺎﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬
)
..(
service packshot fixes.
(Active Directory) ‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺎﻁ‬ ‫ﺩﻟﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
.

44. ª٤٨
Active directory
ObjectActive directory
Group Policy.
Active directory
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﺎﻋﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻠﻔﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
.

45. ª٤٩
.
.
.
.
‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺭﺍﺑﻌﺎ‬::::‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
.
‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬‫ﺧﺎﻣﺴﺎ‬::::‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻨﺎء‬ ‫ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
.
.
/

46. ª٥٠
./
TCP/IP
)(DNS.
‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺩﺳﺎ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﻣﺮﺍﻗﺒﺔ‬
server
System MonitorEvent
ViewerRecovery Console
Safe Mode
.
‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬‫ﺳﺎﺑﻌﺎ‬::::‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺧﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺇﺩﺍﺭﺓ‬
RRAS
.
.
VPNICNNAT
.
.
‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫ﺧﻼﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺯﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺘﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬
..

47. ª٥١
M
HeaderDataTrailer
Header
Data
Trailer
Data
CRC

48. ª٥٢
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﻄﺮﺓ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ‬
!
!
.....
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﻪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣﻪ‬::::-
tcp/ip
)US DEFENE ADVANCE RESEARCH
PROJECTS AGENCYDARPA(
)
(
.
.
)(...

49. ª٥٣
‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ‬‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ‬‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ‬‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻮ‬TCP/IP‫؟‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬‫؟‬ ‫ﻭﻣﺎﻭﻇﻴﻔﺘﻪ‬
.
.
)(
"":Transmission Control
Protocol// Internet ProtocolTCP/IP
DARPA
.
""
.
TCP/IPHardwareSoftware
.
.
.
.
.
.
..
TCP/IP
.

50. ª٥٤
.
‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻻﻧﱰﻧﺖ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬
)Internet protocol(
)TCP/IP(
)packets(
‫؟؟؟؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟؟؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟؟؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟؟؟‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻳﺘﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬
:
:
:
:
)TCP) Transmission Control Protocol and)IP) Internet protocol
‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﻳﻌﻨﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬TCP/IP
TCP
)(

51. ª٥٥
IP
‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ؟‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ؟‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ؟‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ؟‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﲰﺎء‬ ‫ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﺫﺍ‬
)(
)(
, , ,
, , ,
)(
DOMIAN NAME SERVER
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻓﺌﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭ‬ ‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
Class based addressing

52. ª٥٦
:
, , ,to-127.255.255.255
:
, , ,TO-191.255.255.255
:
, , ,TO-
223.255.255.255
)(
Subnetting
Classless InterdomainRouting
SUPERNETTING
‫؟؟‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬‫؟؟‬ ‫ﻳﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﻒ‬
)Variable Length Subnetting(
(/)

53. ª٥٧
TCP/IP
Application -1
Transport -2
Internet -3
Network Interface -4
Network Interface
EthernetToken-Ring
InternetIP
TransportInternet
TCPUDPApplication
ASCII
EBCDICIBM
TCP/IP
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬TCP Transmission Control Protocol
TCP/IP
TCP
Connection-based
TCP

54. ª٥٨
............
Connection Based
...
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬UDPUser Datagram Protocol
UDPNoconnection-
Based
TCP
...UDP
UDP
TCP..
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬IP Internet Protocol
IP Address
IP
..
Token-Ring
Ethernet

55. ª٥٩
‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ICMP Internet Control MessageProtocol
IP
PingEchoReqestEcho Reply
ARP Address Resolution Protocol
IP
IPX
ARP
ARP
ARPIP
RouterARP
IP
ARP
‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬
)TCPIP(
").("
)(
.
)TCPIP) (
(.)IP(
.
)TCPIP(
..
.
)TCPIP(
.

56. ª٦٠
TCP/IP
WAN
Internet
TCP/IP The Four Layers of TCP/IP
TCP/IP:
Internet protocol suite:
1-Network Interface
2-Internet
3-Transport
4-Application
OSI
TCP/IP
OSI
‫ﺑﻨ‬‫ﺑﻨ‬‫ﺑﻨ‬‫ﺑﻨ‬‫ﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺎء‬‫ﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺎء‬‫ﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺎء‬‫ﻟﱪﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺎء‬TCP/IP
:Network Interface
Ethernettoken-ring.
:InternetInternet
Network Interface
PacketsIP (Internet
Protocol)
IPIP
IP
connection-based
.

57. ª٦١
InternetICMP (Internet Control Messageing
Protocol)IGMP Internet Group Management
ProtocolARP Address Resolution Protocol
:Transport
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ‬
:
1- Connection-Oriented.
2- Connectionless.
Connection-Oriented
Virtual Circuit.
.
Transmission Control Protocol(TCP)
Connection-Oriented.
Connectionless
.
UDP
Connectionless.
(TCP/ IP ))(
....
)..
..
-‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﱪﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻻﺕ؟‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻲ‬
http, ftp, mailto, gopher, news
..

58. ª٦٢
HTTP
"Hypertext Transfer Protocol"
.....
(htm,html,xml,aps) ))
http
c://windows/temporaryinternetfiles
)
FTP
"File Transfer Protocol"
file://c:
***
***
ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/
Internet Explorer ,
NetscapeFTPCuteFtp

59. ª٦٣
ftp://ftp.geocities.com/hmoood
..
________________________________
MAILTO
......
mailto:khakwd2008@hotmail.com
Outlook
Outlock
to....
outlookhotmail
composeto
______________________________
FILE
....
......
file:///C:/WINDOWS/defrag.exe
Internet Explorer , Netscape,
)

60. ª٦٤
C(....
FTP
___________________________________
GOPHER
....!!
....
gopher://gopher.lib.virginia.edu/
Internet Explorer , Netscape,
______________________________________
TELNET
)(
.....
)(
......
....
)(
Telnet
Telnet....
tenet

61. ª٦٥
IMAP:
.
IMAP.
POP3:
IMAP
POP3
.
SMTP:
.
NTP:
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬
AddressIP
!
!
IP :.
IP
.
) :, ,).

62. ª٦٦
A protocol is a set of rules which determine how two or more
entities interact and communicate
)(
)(
((
.
)((HTTP)
(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
(TCP/IP).

63. ª٦٧
)(
.
)
(
.
.
)(
:
:
:

64. ª٦٨
(TCP) Transmission Control Protocol and (IP) Internet
protocol
TCP
)(
IP
FRAMES
TCP/IP
)(
)(

65. ª٦٩
208.148.28.60
63.209.3.102
)(
DOMIAN NAME SERVER
Class based addressing
:
000.000.000.000 -to- 127.255.255.255
:
128.000.000.000 -TO- 191.255.255.255

66. ª٧٠
:
192.000.000.000 -TO- 223.255.255.255
)(
Subnetting
Classless Interdomain Routing
SUPER NETTING
(Variable Length Subnetting)
(/)

67. ª٧١
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬))))‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬((((
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻖ‬‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻖ‬‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻖ‬‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻖ‬))))‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬((((::::
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﻱ‬Bus::::
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬Network star::::
‫ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬Ring networks::::
‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﲤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﲤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﲤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﲤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬Token Passing::::
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬Mesh::::
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬Tree::::
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬::::
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬::::
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬::::
‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬::::
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬Cables::::
‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬Coaxial Cable::::
‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍجملﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ‬‫ﺍجملﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ‬‫ﺍجملﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ‬‫ﺍجملﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﳌﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ‬Twisted Pair Cables::::
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬Fiber CablesOptic::::

68. ª٧٢

69. ª٧٣
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻫﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻫﻴﺔ‬))))‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬‫ﻛﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺃﻻ‬ ‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﺔ‬((((
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻖ‬‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻖ‬‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻖ‬‫ﺍﳍﻨﺪﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬ ‫ﻭﻓﻖ‬))))‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻮﻟﻮﺟﻲ‬((((::::
.
.
Network Topology
TopologyPhysical LayoutDesign.
:
.
.
.
.
:
.
.
Cable Connectors.
:
١-Bus.
٢-Star.
٣-Ring.
٤-Mesh.
٥-Tree.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﻗﻞ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﻱ‬‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺭﻱ‬Bus::::

70. ª٧٤
Bus
)
Segment(Linear
Bus:
.
:
)Signal.(
)Signal Bounce.(
)The Terminator.(
Signals
.
Bus
Collision
Bus:
)Hardwar
Capabilities.(
.
.

71. ª٧٥
‫ه‬ ‫اد‬ ‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
‫ه‬
‫ی‬ ‫ا‬
.
.
.:
.
Terminator
.:

72. ª٧٦
Terminator
.
:
.
.
Network being down.
Bus
.:
Barrel Connector.
Repeater.
Barrel Connector
:
.
Repeater
‫رة‬ ‫ﻡ‬ ‫و‬

73. ª٧٧
‫ر‬ ‫ا‬
.:
Bus.
.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﺠﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬Network star::::
Star
Hub
ConcentratorCentral Point
Wiring Center
.
:

74. ª٧٨
HubHub
.
.
.
Star
.
.
:
Star-Bus.
Star-Ring.
Star BusBusStar
.:

75. ª٧٩
Linear Bus Segments.
.
.
Star RingRing.:

76. ª٨٠
:
١-.
٢-.
٣-.
.
‫ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳊﻠﻘﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬Ring networks::::
:
.
Token PassingToken
.

77. ª٨١
‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﲤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﲤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﲤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬‫ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓ‬ ‫ﲤﺮﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻞ‬Token Passing::::
FreeToken
Token.
Free Token
.
Token Passing
:
*.
*). (
Bus
Token Ring)(
Token Ring
.
Token RingIBM
IEEELAN.

78. ª٨٢
:.
:
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺎﺑﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬Mesh::::
.
.
.:

79. ª٨٣
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺠﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬Tree::::
.
:
)(
.
.
‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ‬::::
:
١-General network.
٢-Special network.
٣-Additional network.
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬::::
)
(.

80. ª٨٤
.
.
‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬::::
.
.
.
.
‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﻀﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺫﺍﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬::::
.
.

81. ª٨٥
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻜﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻛﻴﺒﻼﺕ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬Cables::::
:
Baseband.
Broadband.
Baseband systems
Bandwidth
Baseband.
.
attenuation
Baseband
Repeaters.
Broadband systems
Analog
.
Broadband
unidirectional:
dual-cable
.
midsplit
.:

82. ª٨٦
Broadband
amplifiers.
Cable TV..
:
Coaxial Cable.
Twisted Pair.
FiberOptic.

83. ª٨٧
:
Cable cost.
Usable cable length.
Transmission rate.
Flexibility.
Susceptibility interference.
Preferred uses
‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺍﻷ‬‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍﶈﻮﺭﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﻼﻙ‬Coaxial Cable::::
:
.
.
Teflon.
:

84. ª٨٨
)(
EMICrosstalk.
.
:
Thin.
Thick.
,
10Base2
.
,
10Base5
)(
.
:
RG-8RG-11).(
RG-58.
RG-59.
RG-62ARC net.
BNC)British Naval Connectors(
BNC:
BNC cable connector.
BNC T connector.
BNC barrel connector.

85. ª٨٩
BNC terminator.:
:
Poly-Vinyl Chloride ) PVC.(
Plenum.
PVC
.
plenum
plenum
.
plenumPVC.
:
.
.
.
‫ﺍجملﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍجملﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍجملﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬‫ﺍجملﺪﻭﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺰﺩﻭﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﺳﻼﻙ‬Twisted Pair Cables::::
.
:
Unshielded Twisted Pair ) UTP(
Base10T..:

86. ª٩٠
Shielded.:

87. ª٩١
EIA/TIA)The
Electronic Industries Association and the Telecommunications
Industries Association(UTP:
Category.
Category.
Category.
Category.
Category
.
UTP
:

88. ª٩٢
Shielding
Shielded-twisted pair
)STP(
.
STPUTP:
.
.
.
TP
:
.
.
RJ-45:
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﻛﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬Fiber CablesOptic::::
Core
Kevlar
.:

89. ª٩٣
Core
.
:
.
.
.
.
.
..
:
.
.

90. ª٩٤
Interfaces
.:
Fiber Optic Cable Single
Mode
.
Fiber Optic Cable
Multimode.
Fiber Optic Cable Multimode Graded Index
:
:
١(Transmitters:
LED ( Light Emitting Diode ).
ILD ( Injection Laser Diode ).
٢(Receivers:
PIN.
APD.
)(:

91. ª٩٥
١(ST connector.
٢(SC connector.
:
:
//
20MHz1GHz100GHz
)(
mµ8mµ6050 −mµ55.1 −
mµ160>mµ120100 −mµ5015 −
10Mbps2Km10 Base FL
10Mbps2Km10 Base FB
100-1000Mbps2.5Km10 Base FX

92. ª٩٦
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻻﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺫﺝ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ‬OSI
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬Physical layer
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬Data link layer
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬Network layer
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬Transport layer
‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺍﻟ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﳉﻠﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳉﻠﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳉﻠﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳉﻠﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬Session layer
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬Presentation layer
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬Application layer
‫ﺍﳋ‬‫ﺍﳋ‬‫ﺍﳋ‬‫ﺍﳋ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﻼ‬‫ﺻﺔ‬‫ﺻﺔ‬‫ﺻﺔ‬‫ﺻﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬OSI‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬TCP

93. ª٩٧

94. ª٩٨
.
ISO)International
Organization for Standardization(
.ISO
)
Interoperability(
OSI)OSI reference
model(
)
(
)The Basic Reference Model for
Open Systems Interconnecting(
:
OSI
.
:
Reduces complexity.
Standardizes interfaces.
Ensure
interoperabletechnology.
)
(Facilitate modular engineering.

95. ª٩٩
Accelerate evolution.
Simplifies teaching and learning.
‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻌﻲ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺎﺕ‬OSI::::
OSI
:
The physical layer
٢-The data link layer
٣-The network layer
٤-The transport layer
٥-The session layer
٦-The presentation layer
٧-The application layer
.
:
NetworkTransport
Data-LinkPhysical.
.
.
.
.
OSI
Interface
.:
). (:

96. ª١٠٠
.
:
Physical
Encapsulation
OSIPhysical
De-Encapsulation
.
Peer-to-Peer Communications

97. ª١٠١
OSI
Data
Protocol stack.
.
OSI
.OSI
)Packets(Operate
.
‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻷﻭﱃ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬
Layer 1:Physical Layer

98. ª١٠٢
.
ISO"".
.
Bit Stream
.
...
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺑﻼﺕ‬Cables::::
:

99. ª١٠٣
Baseband.
Broadband.
Baseband systems
Bandwidth
Baseband.
.
attenuation
Baseband
Repeaters.
Broadband systems
Analog
.
Broadband
unidirectional:
dual-cable
.
midsplit
.
:

100. ª١٠٤
Broadband
amplifiers.
Cable TV..
)()
(.

101. ª١٠٥
.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺭﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬Data link layer
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ‬Layer Specification::::
)Data link(
.)(
.
.
.
:
-
-
-
-)hubs(
.
EthernetToken Ring
FDDI)Fiber Distributed Data Interface.(
:
-)
.(
-MAC)Media Access Control.(
-.
‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬‫ﺃﻭﻻ‬
ًًًً
::::‫ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ‬‫ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ‬‫ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ‬‫ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﺴﻴﻖ‬::::

102. ª١٠٦
frame
.
EthernetToken Ring
6 Byte)
(.
MAC Address)( Media Access
Control Address
OSIDestination Address
Source Address:
.
.

103. ª١٠٧
.
.
CRC
)Cyclical Redundancy Check(
.
.
.
:OSI
.
frame
datagram.packet
OSI.
‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺎ‬
ًًًً
::::‫ﻟﻠﻮﺳﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬‫ﻟﻠﻮﺳﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬‫ﻟﻠﻮﺳﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬‫ﻟﻠﻮﺳﻴﻂ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﺗﻨﻈﻴﻢ‬Media Access Control ( MAC ):
( Half- Duplex )
( collision ).
.
Media Access Control ( MAC )
.
.
Ethernet
Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection ( CSMA/CD).)
.(
Token Ring( Token Passing )) .
.(
‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬‫ﺛﺎﻟﺜﺎ‬
ًًًً
::::‫ﻣ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﻣ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻔﻴﺰﻳﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﻮﺍﺻﻔﺎﺕ‬::::

104. ª١٠٨
.
( MAC )
.
.
( WANs )
Serial Line Internet Protocol (SLIP )
Point To Point Protocol (PPP)
.
802Data-Link:
Logical Link Control ) LLC(.
Media Access Control ) MAC(.
LLCMACOSI
:
LAN.
.
.
.
LLC
.
LLC:
Connectionless
.
Connection-Oriented
.
Acknowledged Connectionless
.

105. ª١٠٩
MAC:
.
.
LLC.
MAC Address
ROM
Burned-In-Address)BIA.(
.
MAC
Error-Detecting Frame-Check Sequence
OSI.
MAC)
Connection-Oriented(:
Request.
Indication.
Response
.
Confirmation.
Connectionless.
Devices:
NIC)Network Interface Card.(
Switch.
Bridge.

106. ª١١٠
‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺜﺎ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﻟﺜﺔ‬‫ﻟﺜﺔ‬‫ﻟﺜﺔ‬‫ﻟﺜﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬Network Layer
‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﻴﻒ‬Layer Specification::::
)(
LAN.

107. ª١١١
Packets
.
.
.
Internet Protocol( IP )(
TCP/ IP )Transmission Control Protocol / Internet protocol
/
.Novell NetWareInter-
network Packet Exchange ( IPX )
NetBIOS Extended User Interface (
NetBEUI )Net BIOS
Microsoft Windows.
( IP ).
.
:
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ‬Addressing::::
.
.
‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬‫ﻃ‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﺒﻘﺔ‬Network Layer Addresses::::

108. ª١١٢
.
)hierarchical address(
logical addressvirtual address
.
)/
(
.
)(
/.
Internet
TCP/ IP)
IP. (
IP
.
:
Static:
Network manager
.
Dynamic:
.
Resolution:
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‬ ‫ﺣﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬Address Resolution Protocol))))ARP: (: (: (: (
.
A
B)AB(

109. ª١١٣
AARP Request)
Broadcasting(B
BMAC
Address.
ABC
)(CA
BReply
AMAC Address)C(
AC
B.
)RARP(Reverse Address Resolution Protocol:
.
Diskless
computers
)(RARP Request
RARP
RARP Reply.
IP
.IP32
Bit.
unique.
IPX
MAC Address
.NetBEUI
NetBIOS.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺰﺋﺔ‬Fragmenting::::

110. ª١١٤
.
Token Ring4500 BytesEthernet
1500 Bytes.
Token Ring
Ethernet
1500 BytesFragmenting.
.
.
.
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺟﻴﻪ‬Routing::::
.
.
.
( Internetwork )
Routers )(.
:
•. ( End Systems )
•( Intermediate systems ).
.
OSI

111. ª١١٥
:
.
)(
.
.
.
.
.
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﲤﻴﻴﺰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﲤﻴﻴﺰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﲤﻴﻴﺰ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻝ‬ ‫ﲤﻴﻴﺰ‬::::

112. ª١١٦
.
.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬ ‫ﲡﻬﻴﺰﺍﺕ‬::::
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻪ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻪ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻪ‬‫ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻪ‬
ّّّّ
Router::::
Router
.
:
•)Filtering(.
•.
Broadcast Messages
.
.
.
)TCP/IP(
.
.
.
:
•.

113. ª١١٧
•.
•.
.
MAC
.
Routing Algorithms
:
RIP ( Routing Information Protocol )
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First )
NetwareNLSP ( NetWare Link Services
Protocol )RIP
Distance-Vector Algorithms
Hops
)(
.
)
.(
.
ways). (
OSPF
Link-State
.

114. ª١١٨
:
.
.
.
OSPFTCP/IP
:
Hops
.
NLSPLink-State
IPXLink-State
Distance-Vector.
:Routing Protocol:
Update routing massage
)metric
hops countcosttime(.
:
Open Shortest Path First)OSPF. (
Routing Information Protocol)RIP. (
Exterior Gateway Protocol)EGP.(
Interior Gateway Protocol)IGP(.
Routing Protocols:
.
:
Internet Protocol)IP(
Transmission Control Protocol)TCP(Apple Talk,
DECnet , XNS , IPX...

115. ª١١٩
.
.
.
:
.
.
.
Broadcast MessagesBroadcast
Storms.
:
•Static
•Dynamic
:
•
•.
.
.
:
•.
•
:
•

116. ª١٢٠
•
•
.
Storm Broadcast.
.
:
.
TCP/IP.
LANWAN.
BrouterMultiprotocol Router
.
Brouter:
.
.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﻮﺍﺑﺔ‬Gateway::::
:

117. ª١٢١
NT
IBM
.
:
•.
•.
:
•
•
•
:
"Router"
TCP/IP
"Gateway. "
TCP/IPMicrosoft Windows
.
.

118. ª١٢٢
:
:
:
:.
)(.
‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻞ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬Transport Layer
.
TCP/IPTCP
IP.
.TCP
User Datagram Protocol ( UDP ).
IPX
NetWareNetWare Core Protocol
(NCP)Sequenced Packet Exchange (SPX ).
.
( Connection-oriented )
.
.TCP
(
Three-way Handshake ).
.
(Packet Acknowledgment )
(Data Segmentation )( Flow Control )
.

119. ª١٢٣
.
(
Reliable ).
.
.
.TCP/IP
TCP20 ByteUPD
8 Byte.
( Connectionless )
.
.
)UDP(( Transactions )
( requests )(responses ).
.
TCPUDP
.
.
‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﺎﻣﺴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﳉ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﻠﺴﺔ‬‫ﻠﺴﺔ‬‫ﻠﺴﺔ‬‫ﻠﺴﺔ‬The Session Layer
OSI.
PresentationApplication.

120. ª١٢٤
.
.
( Dialogs Control )( Dialogs Separation ).
( Dialog ).
.
TWATwo-Way ) Alternate(( Two-
Way Simultaneous ) TWS.
TWA
.
TWS
.
( Checkpoints )
.
TWATWS.
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﻢ‬Presentation Layer
( Syntax )
.
.
.
( Abstract Syntax )
.
( Transfer syntax )
.
.

121. ª١٢٥
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ‬::::‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‬ ‫ﻃﺒﻘﺔ‬Application Layer
OSI
.
SMTPSimple
Mail Transfer Protocol )(
.
File Transfer Protocol ) FTP(
.
.
.
:OSI
Cloud
:

122. ª١٢٦

123. ª١٢٧
‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬‫ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔ‬
OSI Layers:
Troubleshooting
troubleshootingphysical
layer
dataEncapsulations
.
Physical Layer
HUBRepeaters
Bits
Data Link Layer -2
Logical LinkControl LLCBits
BytesFramesFrame
Logical Network Topology
Token ringstar
Frame
Frame Media AccessControl (MAC(
Mac Address
Frame
CSMA/CDCSMA/CA
)(

124. ª١٢٨
•LAN protocols: 802.2 (LLC), 802.3
(Ethernet), 802.5 (Token Ring(,)Wireless)•
WAN protocols: HDLC, PPP, Frame Relay, ISDN
ATM
Network Layer -3
LogicalAddressIP
PacketsIP
Routing
*IP
*IPX
*AppleTalk
*DECNE
Transport Layer
Reliable (connection-
oriented(unreliable (connectionless)
communicationsReliable
)connection-oriented(
acknowledgment
TCP/IPunreliable

125. ª١٢٩
(connectionless) communications
Broadcast
Session Layer -5
sessions
session
.
Presentation Layer -6
text
•JPEGBMP, TIFF, PICT
*MPEG, WMV, AVI
*ASCIIEBCDIC
Application Layer -7
user interface

126. ª١٣٠
•HTTP • Telnet • FTP • TFTP• SNMP
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬ ‫ﺑﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎﺭﻧﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬OSI‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻤﻮﺫﺝ‬TCP
TCP/IP
TCP/IP
.
.
TCP/IP.
.
TCP/IP.
.
(Application)
.
(Transport)
.
.(Transport)
(Internet)
TCP/IP.
(Network Access)
.IEEE 802.3 Ethernet
CSMA/CDi10BASE-T.
OSI
OSI ()
.

127. ª١٣١
.
.
.
.
.
OSI
OSIOSI
.
(encapsulation).
.
.
(transport layer)
(segments)(PDU)
.PDU
OSI.PDU
(port numbers)(sequence number)
(acknowledgement).
(network layer)
(packet).ip
.
(Data Link)
(frame)..
(Physical).
.
(de-encapsulation)
.(Physical)OSI
.OSI
(Application)

128. ª١٣٢
.
TCP/IP))OSI)):
OSITCP/IP
.TCP/IPTCP/IP
OSI.
TCP/IPOSI
.

129. ª١٣٣
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺩﺱ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻋﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ‬....
‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬‫ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬Pulse CodeModulation....
‫ﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬T1, E1, T3, Switched 56....
‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﻝ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬DS-0‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭ‬DS-1‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺟﺰﺍء‬‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺟﺰﺍء‬‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺟﺰﺍء‬‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺄﺟﺰﺍء‬T1....
‫ﻟﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬‫ﻟﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬‫ﻟﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬‫ﻟﺪﻭﺭ‬ ‫ﺷﺮﺡ‬CSU‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭ‬‫ﻭ‬DSU‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬‫ﺧﺪﻣﺔ‬ ‫ﰲ‬T1....
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬))))sontSONET((((
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻱء‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻱء‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻱء‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻱء‬:
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘ‬‫ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﻘﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬:
‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬Vsat
‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬Vsat
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‬Vsat
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬
‫ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬‫ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬‫ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬‫ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬

130. ª١٣٤

131. ª١٣٥
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﰲ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺭﺳﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺉ‬
:
.
Pulse CodeModulation.
T1, E1, T3, Switched 56.
DS-0DS-1T1.
CSUDSUT1.
.
.
Point to Point
Fullduplex.
Channel Service Unit/DataService Unit (CSU/DSU(
SynchronousBipolar..
.

132. ª١٣٦
PulseCode Modulation
(PCM(:
Sampling.
Quantizing.
Encoding.
..
..

133. ª١٣٧
)(..
..

134. ª١٣٨
).(
T1
.
.
T1
.
T1,
.

135. ª١٣٩
T1
E1
,
.
T1Fractional T1 (FT1(
.
T3
T3T1.
Switched 56
CSU/DSU
Switched.
T1T1
DS-0Link.
DS-0 Link
.
Digital Signal level 1 (DS-1(DS-0,
T1.
T1Network Resource
Manager (NRM(.
T1Multiplexing
.

136. ª١٤٠
Multiplexing
Multiplexer
..
T1
:
Digital Signal Level 1C (DS-1C.(
Digital Signal Level 2-Facility (DS-2(
Digital Signal Level 3-Facility (DS-3(
Digital Signal Level 4-Facility( DS-4(
:

137. ª١٤١
DS-1CT1CT1
,
.
DS-2T2T1
.
DS-3T3T1
.
DS-4T4T1
.
T1
MultiplexerMux.
UnipolarRS-232CMultiplexer
BipolarMultiplexer
Digital Service Unit (DSU(DS-1 Signals.
Channel Service Unit (CSU(DSU
Service Provider.
.

138. ª١٤٢
Loopback
.
T1Analog
Switches
Compressor/Decompressor (Codec(
..
.
:
T1
.
E1.
T1T-1CT2T3
T4.

139. ª١٤٣
:
:.
:ouda
‫ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﻨﺰﻟﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺳﻠﻜﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
.:
single-frequency radio
Narrow-Band
High-Frequency Radio.
.spread-spectrum radio.
.infrared
.
Traffic
LAN
SwitchesRouter
Switches

140. ª١٤٤
Ethernet
‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬‫ﺍﶈﻠﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬:
Windows Xp
Workstation .1
ServerDomain
Windows NT
Windows NT 2000
workgroup
Workgroup. 2
LAN workgroup
switches
switches

141. ª١٤٥
windows xp
proxy
LAN
LAN
‫ﺷﺒﻜ‬‫ﺷﺒﻜ‬‫ﺷﺒﻜ‬‫ﺷﺒﻜ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺍﻓﻞ‬ ‫ﺎﺕ‬
NewDealNetware
NewDealNetware
2.x3.x4.x.
NewDeal.
.NewDeal
.NewDeal.
SHELL.CFG
SHELL.CFG:'s
= 100
.
:
= 100> shell.cfg
.

142. ª١٤٦
.
.
"".
NewDeal
.
.
(LPT).
.
(214).
LPT
.NewDeal
:
1.
2. lpt3 :
NewDeal.
:
...
:CAPTURE
AUTOEXEC.BAT.
.(

143. ª١٤٧
)NewDeal:
Formfeed.
Formfeed
.(
).AUTOEXEC.BAT :
CAPTURE /= 2SLJET /= 1 /Formfeed /
"= 2SLJET"LaserJet.
"= 1"LPT : 1LaserJet.
:
·NFF (Formfeed)
·: (••••)
·= 30 (••••
)
·AUTOENDCAP (
NewDeal)
·NOAUTOENDCAP ()
CAPTURE /
onto. NewDeal
.TABS
NewDEal.
LPT1LPT2
NewDeal.
LPT1NewDeal

144. ª١٤٨
LPT2.
LPT3.
CAPTURE.
Netware 'sPRINTCON.
().
NewDeal
. (
NewManager.
.)NewDeal
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.
NewDeal
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.
.
.NewDeal
.
COMMAND.COM
"""
COMMAND.COM"NewDeal
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:
: = DRIVE : DIR1 DIR2

145. ª١٤٩
( DIR1
DIR2) ( :)
.
( ..
) .
NewDeal .
COMMAND.COM
NewDeal .
.
.
. (
).
:
: = DRIVE : DIR1 DIR2
_________________________________________________________
___

146. ª١٥٠
‫ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬‫ﺍﳌﺘﺰﺍﻣﻨﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻀﻮﺋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬))))sontSONET
.
. SONETBellcore
(Telcordia)- 1980s
().
SONETSDH ()
. SONETSDH
. SONETNSIF (
).
SONET
SONET / SDH.
. SONET
.SONET.
SONET
.
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻳﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻷﻟﻴﺎﻑ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬:
.
)(
.
.

147. ª١٥١
.
LASER: Light Amplification by
Stimulated Imition Radiation
.
.
.
/
.
.
Light Emitting
Diod
.
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬‫ﺍﻟﺒﺼﺮﻱ‬:
.
:
Stepindex
Graded index
.

148. ª١٥٢
.
.
,
.
,,
,
.
‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻱء‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻱء‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻱء‬‫ﺍﻟﺮﻗﻤﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﻣﺒﺎﺩﻱء‬:
.
Analogue
Sampling
/
64Kb/s.
Kb/s,Kb/s
.

149. ª١٥٣
TAT8.
.
TAT8
10060
.
.
.
((
.
.
)(
Americas1
1995.

150. ª١٥٤
.
.
.
.
‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘ‬‫ﻣﺴﺘﻘ‬‫ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻋﺪﺓ‬ ‫ﺒﻠﻴﺔ‬:
Solitons.
.
.
»
»
,
__________________

151. ª١٥٥
‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻ‬‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻ‬‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻ‬‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻭﺷﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺕ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺔ‬
Vsat
‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬‫ﺑﻨﻈﺎﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﻴﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﻗﻤﺎﺭ‬ ‫ﻋﱪ‬ ‫ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻻﺕ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﻴﺎﺕ‬Vsat
vsat
( HUP )
)
,,(
-:-
Vsat
Vsat
.
Vsat
ku-bandC-band:-
- 1Vsatku-band
.
-2C-band
ku-band .

152. ª١٥٦
Vsat
,Vsat
( HUP )
.
:
- 1,,
.

153. ª١٥٧
)2.4(
- 2( ODU )
( ODU )
( ODU )
.

154. ª١٥٨
( ODU )
-3( IDU )
( carrier wave ).
( IDU )
( ODU )
-( BDF ).
-( LNA )
.
-( down converter )

155. ª١٥٩
( demodulator )( IF
signal )140
( LNA )( down converter )
( low noise block LNB ) .
( ODU )
-( upconverter ))
)(
high power amplifier HPA ) .
-( HPA )(
upconverter )
( HPA ),-6( KU-band )
( C-band ).
( IDU )
( IDU )( Multiplexer )
( Encoder )( modulation )
( IDU )
( demodulation )
( Decoder )( Demultiplexer ) ,
v.35 ,
RS-422,RS-232.
SDLC
bisicx.25( Ethernet ) ,
.
( link availability )
,%

156. ª١٦٠
)(.
( HUP )
( UHP )
:
- 1( packet swich )
( host ports )( modulator )
( Demodulator )
( packet switch )
( IDUS ) .
- 2( Modulator )
( Packet swich )
.
- 3( Demodulators )
( packet )
( packet swich ).
- 4( RFT ):-
-( UP Converter )
)(
.
.
-( LNA )
( Down Converter ))
(

157. ª١٦١
-
.
-( Network Control System )
.
( HUP )
,
.Vsat
SCANA
.
‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‬‫ﺍﻟـ‬ ‫ﻭﻋﻴﻮﺏ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎ‬Vsat
( advantages ) :-
-.
-.
-.
-
.
-),( %
.
-.
-.
-.
-.
-.
( disadvantages ) :-
-( transponder )
( transponder ).
-( star shaped
network ),( double

158. ª١٦٢
hop )
Vsat.
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬‫ﺍﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻭﺻﻒ‬:-
Vsat
( point-point )(
point-multipoint ).
( Vsat )( mesh
system' )
( HUP )
( star
system )
( HUP )
.
Vsat
-
-)(
-
-
-
-
-
(/) :-
-
-
-)(
-
-)).

159. ª١٦٣
-.
-
( Telemetry ) .
-.
-.
-( electronic fund transfer )
( point-of-sale ) .
-( E_mail ) (yahoo - hotmail..) .
-
-.
‫ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬‫ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬‫ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬‫ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺘﲔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺮﺑﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ‬
:
Ethernet
:/Mbps
RJ-45
PCI
:
(CASE)
CasePCI
))(((
.
Update
Success

160. ª١٦٤
:
ControlPanel-->Network
ConfigurationAddProtocol
MICROSOFTTCP/IP
TCP/IP
)Dialup Adapter)
PropertiesBindingsTCP/IP
.
IP ADDRESS:Network
TCP/IP
ProperitiesOKDNS CONFIGURATION
Disable DNSWINS Configuration
Disable Wins ConfigurationIP Address
IP Address, , ,Subnet Mask
, , ,ADD
ServiceFile and Printer Sharing for Microsoft
NetworksOKNetwrok
File and PrintSharing
Identification
)(
)
)
.
#Ip Address
, , ,Subnet Mask
, , ,

161. ª١٦٥
OK
YES
:
UTP Category 3
,
IEEE.
(HUB)Cross Over Cable
)UTPCross Over
RJ-45)
:
:
Network Neighborhood
_:
(RUN)PING
192.168.0.2IP
192.168.01
PING 192.168.0.2
DOSTime Out.

162. ª١٦٦
:
:
Sharing
SHARED AS
Read -Only
Full access
.
:)(
:
-1
.
-2
)(
Network PrinterNextBrowse
.
:
AccessoriesInternet Connection Sharing
)
)Proxy)(.

163. ª١٦٧
References
[1] J. Apisdorf, K Claffy, K. Thompson, and R. Wilder.
OC3mon:
Flexible, Affordable, High-Performance Statistics Collection,
Proceedings
of INET ’97, June 1997. (http://www.isoc.org/isoc/whatis
/conferences/inet/97/proceedings/F1/F1_2.HTM)
[2] H. Balakrishnan, M. Stemm, S. Seshan, V. Padmanabhan, R.
H.
Katz, TCP Behavior of a Busy Internet Server: Analysis and
Solutions,
Proceedings of IEEE INFOCOMM ’98, March 1998, pp. 252-
262.
[3] P. Barford and M. E. Crovella, Generating Representative
Web
Workloads for Network and Server Performance Evaluation,
Proceedings
of ACM SIGMETRICS ‘98, 1998, pp. 151-160.
[4] P. Barford and M. E. Crovella, A Performance Evaluation of
HyperText
Transfer Protocols, Proceedings of ACM SIGMETRICS
‘99, May 1999, pp. 188-197.
[5] P. Barford, A. Bestavros, A. Bradley, and M. E. Crovella,
Changes
in Web Client Access Patterns: Characteristics and Caching
Implications,
World Wide Web, Special Issue on Characterization and
Performance Evaluation, Vol. 2, 1999, pp. 15-28.
[6] L. Breslau, D. Estrin, K. Fall, S. Floyd, J. Heidemann, A.
Helmy, P.
Huang, S. McCanne, K. Varadhan, Y. Xu, and H. Yu, Advances
in

164. ª١٦٨
Network Simulation, IEEE Computer, vol. 33 no. 5, May 2000,
pp.
59-67.
[7] R. Caceres, P. Danzig, S. Jamin, and D. Mitzel,
Characteristics of
Wide-Area TCP/IP Conversations, Proceedings of ACM
SIGCOMM
‘91, pp. 101-112.
[8] M. Christiansen, K. Jeffay, D. Ott, and F. D. Smith, Tuning
RED for
Web Traffic, Proceedings of ACM SIGCOMM 2000, September
2000, pp. 139-150.
[9] K Claffy, G. Miller, and K. Thompson. The nature of the
beast:
recent traffic measurements from an Internet backbone,
Proccedings
of INET ’98, (http://www.isoc.org/inet98/proceedings/6g
/6g_3.htm).
[10] W. S. Cleveland, D. Lin, D. X. Sun, IP Packet Generation:
Statistical
Models for TCP Start Times Based on Connection-Rate
Superposition,
Proceedings of ACM SIGMETRICS 2000, June 2000,
pp.166-177.
[11] Crovella, M. and A. Bestavros, Self-Similarity in World Wide
Web
Traffic: Evidence and Possible Causes, IEEE/ACM Transactions
on
Networking, vol. 5, no. 6, December 1997, pp. 835-846.
[12] C. R. Cunha, A. Bestavros, and M. E. Crovella,
Characteristics of
WWW Client-based Traces, Technical Report TR-95-010, Boston
University Computer Science Department, June 1995.

165. ª١٦٩
[13] P. Danzig and S. Jamin, tcplib: A Library of TCP
Internetwork Traffic
Characteristics, USC Technical Report USC-CS-91-495, 1991.
[14] P. Danzig, S. Jamin, R. Caceres, D. Mitzel, and D. Estrin,
An Empirical
Workload Model for Driving Wide-Area TCP/IP Network
Simulations, Internetworking: Research and Experience, vol. 3,
no.
1, 1992, pp. 1-26.
15. [Halsall; 1994]: Halsall, F., “Data Communications,
Computer Networks and Open Systems”, Addision-Wesley,
Fourth Edition, 1994.
16. [Kjaer; 1994]: Kjaer T., “Wie startet man ins Internet”,
KnowWare-Verlag Deutschland GmbH,1. Auflage, 1994.
17. [Gumm, Sommer;1994]: Gumm, H.P., Sommer, M.,
“Einfuehrung in die Informatik”, Addision-Wesley, 1.
Auflaga, 1994.
18.[Matthies; 1994]: Matthies, P., “ISDN &WAN:
Kommunikation in Wide Area networks”, International
Thomson Publishing, 1. Auflage, 1994.
19. [Yankelovich; 1997]: Yankelovich, N., “Introduction to the
Internet for Teachers”:
http://www.massnetworks.org/~nicoley/tutorial/index.html.
20. by Dan Dinicolo 2003 Hands-on Microsoft windows server
http//ar,wikipedia,org/wiki
21.[]:""
.
22[.]:"...".