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EHLERS-DANLOS
SYNDROME
BY ZACH MULLIS
OVERVIEW
• Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a connective tissue disease
that affects the connective tissue that supports cones, skin,
blood vessel and most other organ tissues.
• In 1997 the categories were simplified into 6 categories:
• Classical
• Hyper mobility
• Vascular
• Kyphocoliosis
• Arthrochalasia
• Dermatospraxis
• Since '97 there have been recorded cases of other types but
they are exceedingly rare and are poorly documented
CAUSES
• The most common cause of EDS is a mutation in
the COL5A1 or COL5A2 genes.
• Ehlers-Danlos is caused by a mutation to the
genes that provide the code for the production of
the various types of collagen.
• Collagen is the protein that primarily makes up
connective tissues.
• Depending on the type of mutation it can disrupt
or change the production of collagen, reducing
the amount of strength of the protein
INCIDENCE
• Connective tissue diseases, as a whole aren't that
uncommon. Genetic mutations happen all the time.
• What is uncommon is an actual diagnosis of EDS. This
gives the sustained illusion that it is much less common
than it is.
• Reportedly the combined international prevalence is
roughly 1:5,000 confirmed cases. So in 5,000 people that
don't have EDS or at such a level their symptoms are
essentially nonexistent, there is one person with
symptoms severe enough to warrant an official diagnosis.
• It is hereditary but can affect all groups equally
SYMPTOMS
• Laxity and hyper-mobile joints
• Susceptibility of partial or complete dislocations
• Chronic joint pain
• Unusually loose, thin, elastic skin
• Excessively fragile skin, blood vessels, other membranes and
tissue
• Easily bruised and/or scarred
• Some may be congenital, some might manifest in adulthood
• Recent studies have shown there is a definitive correlation
between connective tissue disorders and migraines as well as
immune system issues
• Increase risk of stroke and heart attack
• Spontaneous blood vessel ruptures
DIAGNOSIS
• Standard diagnosis for Ehlers-Danlos syndrome
is the testing of hyper-mobility, elasticity, an
echo-cardiogram, and genetic testing.
TREATMENT
• As it is a genetic disorder there is no full cure
although there are some therapies available.
• Anti-inflammation drugs have been known to
help with the pain
• Physical and occupational therapy is also
available to strengthen muscles and joint stability
to reduce risk of dislocation.
WHY I CHOSE EDS
• Two of the specialists I see at the Shepard Center
have suggested that I have a connective tissue
disorder which may be the cause or a contributor
of my migraines. I also have a friend with EDS.
I've been meaning to do research on it, as the
disease list had a vague "skin" on it I figured, I
could do my research and the project in one fell
swoop.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
• https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/ehlers-danlos-syndrome#genes
• http://rarediseases.org/rare-diseases/ehlers-danlos-syndrome/

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Ehlers-Danlos syndrome

  • 2. OVERVIEW • Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) is a connective tissue disease that affects the connective tissue that supports cones, skin, blood vessel and most other organ tissues. • In 1997 the categories were simplified into 6 categories: • Classical • Hyper mobility • Vascular • Kyphocoliosis • Arthrochalasia • Dermatospraxis • Since '97 there have been recorded cases of other types but they are exceedingly rare and are poorly documented
  • 3. CAUSES • The most common cause of EDS is a mutation in the COL5A1 or COL5A2 genes. • Ehlers-Danlos is caused by a mutation to the genes that provide the code for the production of the various types of collagen. • Collagen is the protein that primarily makes up connective tissues. • Depending on the type of mutation it can disrupt or change the production of collagen, reducing the amount of strength of the protein
  • 4. INCIDENCE • Connective tissue diseases, as a whole aren't that uncommon. Genetic mutations happen all the time. • What is uncommon is an actual diagnosis of EDS. This gives the sustained illusion that it is much less common than it is. • Reportedly the combined international prevalence is roughly 1:5,000 confirmed cases. So in 5,000 people that don't have EDS or at such a level their symptoms are essentially nonexistent, there is one person with symptoms severe enough to warrant an official diagnosis. • It is hereditary but can affect all groups equally
  • 5. SYMPTOMS • Laxity and hyper-mobile joints • Susceptibility of partial or complete dislocations • Chronic joint pain • Unusually loose, thin, elastic skin • Excessively fragile skin, blood vessels, other membranes and tissue • Easily bruised and/or scarred • Some may be congenital, some might manifest in adulthood • Recent studies have shown there is a definitive correlation between connective tissue disorders and migraines as well as immune system issues • Increase risk of stroke and heart attack • Spontaneous blood vessel ruptures
  • 6. DIAGNOSIS • Standard diagnosis for Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is the testing of hyper-mobility, elasticity, an echo-cardiogram, and genetic testing.
  • 7. TREATMENT • As it is a genetic disorder there is no full cure although there are some therapies available. • Anti-inflammation drugs have been known to help with the pain • Physical and occupational therapy is also available to strengthen muscles and joint stability to reduce risk of dislocation.
  • 8. WHY I CHOSE EDS • Two of the specialists I see at the Shepard Center have suggested that I have a connective tissue disorder which may be the cause or a contributor of my migraines. I also have a friend with EDS. I've been meaning to do research on it, as the disease list had a vague "skin" on it I figured, I could do my research and the project in one fell swoop.