Effectuation is an entrepreneurial approach developed by Dr. Saras Sarasvathy in 2001 that involves implementing ideas through a framework of heuristics. It consists of five principles: 1) starting with the "bird in hand" of one's own identity, knowledge, and social networks; 2) only investing what can be afforded to lose through affordable losses; 3) scenario planning for best and worst outcomes like making lemonade; 4) building partnerships through a "patchwork quilt" of selected stakeholders; and 5) co-creating the future while in the pilot's seat.