Social security aims to protect workers and their families from economic distress caused by sickness, maternity, disability, unemployment, old age and death. India has various social security schemes for both organized and unorganized sector workers run by the central and state governments. However, only a small portion of Indian workers are covered under these schemes. There are problems like lack of universal social security, poor social governance, and exclusion of large sections of informal workers. Expanding coverage and ensuring inclusive, participatory schemes is needed to achieve social security for all.
This document provides an overview of the Employees Compensation Act of 1923 in India. It begins with background on the need for the act to provide relief for workmen and/or their dependents in cases of death, disability, or injury due to workplace accidents or occupational diseases. It then discusses key definitions, rules, and scope of the act. Specifically, it outlines the employer's liability for compensation in different injury cases and calculations for determining compensation amounts for death, permanent total disablement, and permanent partial disablement based on factors like monthly wages and relevant age factor. The document aims to simplify the act for undergraduate students and seeks feedback to improve its presentation of this important labor law topic.
Social security is defined as security provided by society through appropriate organizations against certain risks like sickness, invalidity, old age, and death. It is recognized as a human right by the UN. Germany pioneered social security programs in the late 1800s and many other countries developed similar programs in the early 1900s. India has implemented various acts to provide social security for organized and unorganized sector workers covering areas like employment injury, maternity, old age, contracts, and more. Examples of comprehensive foreign social security systems include Finland, which covers all residents through tax-funded and employment-based programs.
The document is a summer internship project report submitted by Suraj Kumar for their MBA degree. It includes an introduction to insurance, company profile of CARE Health Insurance, and details of the CARE Health Family Optima Plan product. The report contains sections on SWOT analysis, objectives, policy documents, and conclusions from the internship project analyzing the health insurance product.
This document contains 22 multiple choice questions about key concepts from the Partnership Act 1932 in India. Some of the topics covered include: when a partner is entitled to return of premium paid upon dissolution of a partnership [Q1]; types of partners not liable for the firm [Q2]; whether an unregistered firm can sue to enforce partnership rights [Q3]; effects of registration [Q4]; rights of partners in an unregistered firm [Q5]; evidence of registration [Q6]; circumstances where compulsory dissolution does not occur [Q7]; requirements for partnership deeds [Q8]; accounting rules for partner insolvency [Q9]; authority of partners [Q10]; requirements for regular expulsion of a partner [
Decriminalization of Attempt to Suicide: Section 309 IPC
Section 309 of the Indian Penal Code currently criminalizes attempted suicide and prescribes punishment of up to 1 year in prison. Several law commission reports and courts have recommended repealing this section. The Mental Health Care Bill of 2013 also aims to decriminalize attempted suicide by presuming mental illness as the cause. While 18 states support deleting Section 309, the law is still under examination. In conclusion, decriminalization is needed to reduce stigma and trauma, and encourage treatment over punishment for attempted suicide.
Social security aims to provide protection against various life risks like old age, unemployment, sickness, work injury, maternity or loss of breadwinner. The document discusses India's large unorganized workforce which accounts for about 93% of total employment. It outlines various social security laws in India like Employees' Provident Fund, Employees' State Insurance Scheme, and Maternity Benefit Act that provide benefits like income security, health security, and maternity benefits. However, it notes that comprehensive, universal, and integrated social security is still needed to better cover the large unorganized workforce in India.
Social security aims to protect workers and their families from economic distress caused by sickness, maternity, disability, unemployment, old age and death. India has various social security schemes for both organized and unorganized sector workers run by the central and state governments. However, only a small portion of Indian workers are covered under these schemes. There are problems like lack of universal social security, poor social governance, and exclusion of large sections of informal workers. Expanding coverage and ensuring inclusive, participatory schemes is needed to achieve social security for all.
This document provides an overview of the Employees Compensation Act of 1923 in India. It begins with background on the need for the act to provide relief for workmen and/or their dependents in cases of death, disability, or injury due to workplace accidents or occupational diseases. It then discusses key definitions, rules, and scope of the act. Specifically, it outlines the employer's liability for compensation in different injury cases and calculations for determining compensation amounts for death, permanent total disablement, and permanent partial disablement based on factors like monthly wages and relevant age factor. The document aims to simplify the act for undergraduate students and seeks feedback to improve its presentation of this important labor law topic.
Social security is defined as security provided by society through appropriate organizations against certain risks like sickness, invalidity, old age, and death. It is recognized as a human right by the UN. Germany pioneered social security programs in the late 1800s and many other countries developed similar programs in the early 1900s. India has implemented various acts to provide social security for organized and unorganized sector workers covering areas like employment injury, maternity, old age, contracts, and more. Examples of comprehensive foreign social security systems include Finland, which covers all residents through tax-funded and employment-based programs.
The document is a summer internship project report submitted by Suraj Kumar for their MBA degree. It includes an introduction to insurance, company profile of CARE Health Insurance, and details of the CARE Health Family Optima Plan product. The report contains sections on SWOT analysis, objectives, policy documents, and conclusions from the internship project analyzing the health insurance product.
This document contains 22 multiple choice questions about key concepts from the Partnership Act 1932 in India. Some of the topics covered include: when a partner is entitled to return of premium paid upon dissolution of a partnership [Q1]; types of partners not liable for the firm [Q2]; whether an unregistered firm can sue to enforce partnership rights [Q3]; effects of registration [Q4]; rights of partners in an unregistered firm [Q5]; evidence of registration [Q6]; circumstances where compulsory dissolution does not occur [Q7]; requirements for partnership deeds [Q8]; accounting rules for partner insolvency [Q9]; authority of partners [Q10]; requirements for regular expulsion of a partner [
Decriminalization of Attempt to Suicide: Section 309 IPC
Section 309 of the Indian Penal Code currently criminalizes attempted suicide and prescribes punishment of up to 1 year in prison. Several law commission reports and courts have recommended repealing this section. The Mental Health Care Bill of 2013 also aims to decriminalize attempted suicide by presuming mental illness as the cause. While 18 states support deleting Section 309, the law is still under examination. In conclusion, decriminalization is needed to reduce stigma and trauma, and encourage treatment over punishment for attempted suicide.
Social security aims to provide protection against various life risks like old age, unemployment, sickness, work injury, maternity or loss of breadwinner. The document discusses India's large unorganized workforce which accounts for about 93% of total employment. It outlines various social security laws in India like Employees' Provident Fund, Employees' State Insurance Scheme, and Maternity Benefit Act that provide benefits like income security, health security, and maternity benefits. However, it notes that comprehensive, universal, and integrated social security is still needed to better cover the large unorganized workforce in India.
A brief of the legal provisions governing the dowry law applicable in India. The parents, relatives and friends of both bride and groom are liable under the Act
The document discusses key aspects of the Workmen's Compensation Act of 1923 in India. It aims to provide (1) financial protection to workmen and dependents in cases of accidental injury by requiring employers to pay compensation. It defines important terms like commissioner, dependent, employer, disablement and wages. It also outlines (2) an employer's liability to compensate employees for death, injury or disease from accidents arising from work and (3) conditions for receiving compensation for personal injury or occupational diseases.
LLB LAW NOTES ON LAW OF TORTS
FREE AFFIDAVITS AND NOTICES FORMATS
FREE AGREEMENTS AND CONTRACTS FORMATS
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When two or more parties are negligent and their actions together cause damages, it is considered a case of composite negligence.
- In composite negligence cases, each negligent party is jointly and severally liable for the full damages and the claimant can recover the full amount from any or all of the negligent parties.
- The courts will not apportion damages between the negligent parties, though they may determine the extent of liability between the parties for contribution purposes if all are parties to the case.
The document discusses contracts of indemnity and guarantee under Indian contract law. It defines a contract of indemnity as a promise to save someone from loss caused by one's own actions or another's actions. A contract of guarantee involves three parties where a surety promises a creditor that they will perform or pay if a principal debtor defaults. The document outlines the essential elements of these contracts, rights of the parties, and key cases that have helped establish principles like when an indemnifier's liability arises and implied rights of indemnifiers. It concludes that indemnity contracts are commonly used but their outcomes are unpredictable, requiring careful drafting to clearly allocate risks and liabilities.
This material is a part of our PGPSE programe. Our programme is available for any student after class 12th / graduation. AFTERSCHO☺OL conducts PGPSE, which is available free to all online students. There are no charges. PGPSE is a very rigorous programme, designed to give a comprehensive training in social entrepreneurship / spiritual entrepreneurship. This programme is aimed at those persons, who want to ultimately set up their own business enterprises which can benefit society substantially. PGPSE is a unique programme, as it combines industry consultancy, business solutions and case studies in addition to spirituality and social concerns. You can read the details at www.afterschoool.tk or at www.afterschool.tk
This document discusses social security in India. It begins by defining social security and explaining why it is needed. It then describes how social security works, providing cash or in-kind benefits for needs like healthcare. The document notes that Germany started the first social security scheme in 1883. In India, the joint family system traditionally provided social security, but this has declined with urbanization. The document outlines key social security laws in India like ESI, EPF, and maternity benefits acts. However, coverage remains low as 92% of Indian workers are in the informal sector without these protections. It concludes by noting India's social security system differs significantly from developed nations due to its large informal workforce.
The document discusses the rights of accused persons in India as outlined in the constitution and criminal procedure code. It provides 8 key rights: 1) right to a fair trial, 2) right to know grounds of arrest, 3) right to remain silent, 4) right to be informed of bail provisions, 5) right to be produced before a magistrate without delay, 6) right to consult a legal practitioner, 7) right to free legal aid, and 8) right to be examined by a medical practitioner. It also summarizes the landmark D.K. Basu vs State of West Bengal case which established 8 guidelines to protect accused persons from torture and inhuman treatment while under arrest or in police custody.
Family courts and the Family Courts Act, 1984.akhil kumar
Family courts were established in India in 1984 to provide a specialized forum for speedy resolution of disputes related to marriage and family affairs. The key objectives of family courts are to promote conciliation between parties and secure expedited settlements. Family courts have jurisdiction over matters including divorce, maintenance claims, child custody and access. They employ counselors to attempt to reconcile parties and encourage out-of-court settlements through counseling and conciliation.
Article 31 originally protected the right to property as a fundamental right, but was later amended. Article 31A allowed the government to acquire private property for public purposes with the president's assent. Article 31B validated laws included in the 9th Schedule, shielding them from judicial review. Article 31C protected laws that gave effect to directive principles, even if they limited fundamental rights with presidential assent. The Supreme Court has ruled that 9th Schedule laws and laws limiting fundamental rights must still conform to the basic structure doctrine.
This document provides an overview of the Workmen's Compensation Act of 1923 in India. Some key points:
- The Act recognizes that workers injured on the job should be compensated. It applies to organized industries and hazardous occupations.
- Objectives include providing relief to injured workers or their dependents, establishing employer liability for workplace injuries, and ensuring compensation regardless of fault.
- Employers are liable for compensation for injuries caused by accidents or occupational diseases arising from employment. Compensation amounts depend on injury type and worker's wages.
- The Commissioner oversees claims and distribution of deposited compensation to dependents of deceased workers. Employers must pay compensation promptly or face penalties.
Detailed Presentation on Special Marriage Act, 1954
Made By:
Edited By: Ayush Patria, Sangam University, Bhilwara
Follow us on Instagram: @law_laboratory
Website: www.lawlaboratory.in
ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNALS OF INDIA A Study In The Light Of Decided CasesJody Sullivan
The document provides an introduction and overview of administrative tribunals in India. Some key points:
- Administrative tribunals were established to reduce backlogs in regular courts and provide specialized, quicker resolution of disputes related to government administration and welfare programs.
- The evolution of tribunals in India is discussed, from their establishment post-independence to handle disputes around new welfare laws, to the Administrative Tribunals Act of 1985 which set up the Central Administrative Tribunal.
- Various types of administrative tribunals are outlined that handle domains like customs, taxation, elections, and industrial relations.
- Features of tribunals in India are summarized, including that they have powers similar to high courts and
Assault is the act of threatening harmful or offensive contact with another person. It does not require actual physical contact or battery. Assault is a criminal offense divided into categories in the Penal Code. Battery involves actual physical force or contact, while assault is the threat of battery. Mere words alone do not constitute assault; there must be a threatening act like brandishing a weapon. Provocation can be a defense for assault if the provocation incited reasonable retaliation, like knocking down an attacker with a knife.
The Workmen's Compensation Act of 1923 provides compensation to workmen and their dependents for injuries arising from accidents or certain occupational diseases during employment. The Act applies to workers in railways, mines, factories, and other hazardous occupations. Employers are liable to pay compensation in cases of disablement or death of workers. The amount of compensation depends on the nature of injury, wages of the worker, and other factors. The Act is administered by state governments through Commissioners for Workmen's Compensation.
The document discusses the financial relations between the central and state governments in India as outlined in the constitution. It covers several key points:
1) The constitution lays out schemes for distributing revenue sources and taxes between the central and state governments, allocating some exclusively to the centre or states and sharing others.
2) The distribution of certain taxes like income tax are specified, with the centre collecting and then distributing a portion to the states.
3) The states' power to levy taxes is restricted in some areas that are reserved for the central government like inter-state trade.
4) The constitution establishes a Finance Commission that is tasked with assessing states' financial needs and determining the proportions of central assistance
This document is a Supreme Court of India ruling on whether sanction is required under Section 197 of the Criminal Procedure Code to initiate criminal proceedings against public servants for offenses allegedly committed in their official duties. The Court sets aside the High Court order quashing the criminal proceedings for lack of sanction. The Court finds that the alleged acts of cheating, fabrication of records and misappropriation cannot be considered discharge of official duties. It directs the trial court to expedite and complete the criminal trial by December 31, 2015.
Insanity is defined under Indian law as being incapable of knowing the nature of one's acts or that they are wrong or illegal due to unsoundness of mind. It can also refer to a mental disease affecting personality and interaction. To be found legally insane, one must not have known the nature of their act or understood it was wrong/illegal due to their mental state. There are two types of insanity - legal insanity considers one's consciousness of their acts while medical insanity considers previous/present behavior and conduct. The M'Naughten rule established in a famous case provides that if one is under a delusion, they must be judged as if the delusional facts were real, and one is not responsible
This case involved a public interest litigation filed by M.C Mehta regarding pollution caused by a chemical factory. The factory was releasing toxic gases without proper safeguards, endangering public health. The Supreme Court found that the factory was violating various environmental laws and regulations. It ordered the factory to pay compensation to those affected by the pollution and to properly handle hazardous waste in accordance with the law to prevent future violations. The case strengthened environmental protection by establishing the polluter pays principle and setting precedents to curb industrial pollution for the benefit of public health.
Scheduled caste and scheduled tribe (prevention of atrocities)act,1989Suresh Murugan
The Scheduled Castes and Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 was enacted by the Indian Parliament to prevent atrocities against scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. The objectives of the Act are to deliver justice and enable SC/ST communities to live with dignity, without fear or suppression. Atrocity is defined in the Act as an offense punishable under sections 3(1) and 3(2), specifically referring to crimes against SCs and STs. The Act also provides for special courts in each district to try cases and mandates that judges be sensitive to SC/ST issues. Compensation is meant to help victims back on their feet after often being collectively punished for daring to act independently. However
The document discusses health insurance in India. It covers the importance of health insurance, different types of health insurance including social (ESI, CGHS), private (Mediclaim), and community-based (RSBY) insurance. It outlines some of the key features of these insurance schemes including their benefits, contributions, and issues faced. It also discusses the roles of regulatory bodies like IRDA that oversees the insurance sector in India. In summary, the document provides an overview of the health insurance landscape in India, the different public and private options available, and some challenges faced by these schemes.
Essential Package of Health Services and Health Benefit Plans Mapping BriefHFG Project
Many governments are scaling up health benefit plans, such as social health insurance, to increase population health coverage. This brief presents findings from a mapping between the services covered under the country’s prominent health benefit plan(s) to the country’s Essential Package of Health Services. The mapping analyzes the extent to which the plan(s) cover essential services.
A brief of the legal provisions governing the dowry law applicable in India. The parents, relatives and friends of both bride and groom are liable under the Act
The document discusses key aspects of the Workmen's Compensation Act of 1923 in India. It aims to provide (1) financial protection to workmen and dependents in cases of accidental injury by requiring employers to pay compensation. It defines important terms like commissioner, dependent, employer, disablement and wages. It also outlines (2) an employer's liability to compensate employees for death, injury or disease from accidents arising from work and (3) conditions for receiving compensation for personal injury or occupational diseases.
LLB LAW NOTES ON LAW OF TORTS
FREE AFFIDAVITS AND NOTICES FORMATS
FREE AGREEMENTS AND CONTRACTS FORMATS
FREE LLB LAW NOTES
FREE CA ICWA NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FIRST SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW SECOND SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW THIRD SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FOURTH SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW FIFTH SEM NOTES
FREE LLB LAW SIXTH SEM NOTES
FREE CA ICWA FOUNDATION NOTES
FREE CA ICWA INTERMEDIATE NOTES
FREE CA ICWA FINAL NOTES
KANOON KE RAKHWALE INDIA
HIRE LAWYER ONLINE
LAW FIRMS IN DELHI
CA FIRM DELHI
VISIT : https://www.kanoonkerakhwale.com/
VISIT : https://hirelawyeronline.com/
When two or more parties are negligent and their actions together cause damages, it is considered a case of composite negligence.
- In composite negligence cases, each negligent party is jointly and severally liable for the full damages and the claimant can recover the full amount from any or all of the negligent parties.
- The courts will not apportion damages between the negligent parties, though they may determine the extent of liability between the parties for contribution purposes if all are parties to the case.
The document discusses contracts of indemnity and guarantee under Indian contract law. It defines a contract of indemnity as a promise to save someone from loss caused by one's own actions or another's actions. A contract of guarantee involves three parties where a surety promises a creditor that they will perform or pay if a principal debtor defaults. The document outlines the essential elements of these contracts, rights of the parties, and key cases that have helped establish principles like when an indemnifier's liability arises and implied rights of indemnifiers. It concludes that indemnity contracts are commonly used but their outcomes are unpredictable, requiring careful drafting to clearly allocate risks and liabilities.
This material is a part of our PGPSE programe. Our programme is available for any student after class 12th / graduation. AFTERSCHO☺OL conducts PGPSE, which is available free to all online students. There are no charges. PGPSE is a very rigorous programme, designed to give a comprehensive training in social entrepreneurship / spiritual entrepreneurship. This programme is aimed at those persons, who want to ultimately set up their own business enterprises which can benefit society substantially. PGPSE is a unique programme, as it combines industry consultancy, business solutions and case studies in addition to spirituality and social concerns. You can read the details at www.afterschoool.tk or at www.afterschool.tk
This document discusses social security in India. It begins by defining social security and explaining why it is needed. It then describes how social security works, providing cash or in-kind benefits for needs like healthcare. The document notes that Germany started the first social security scheme in 1883. In India, the joint family system traditionally provided social security, but this has declined with urbanization. The document outlines key social security laws in India like ESI, EPF, and maternity benefits acts. However, coverage remains low as 92% of Indian workers are in the informal sector without these protections. It concludes by noting India's social security system differs significantly from developed nations due to its large informal workforce.
The document discusses the rights of accused persons in India as outlined in the constitution and criminal procedure code. It provides 8 key rights: 1) right to a fair trial, 2) right to know grounds of arrest, 3) right to remain silent, 4) right to be informed of bail provisions, 5) right to be produced before a magistrate without delay, 6) right to consult a legal practitioner, 7) right to free legal aid, and 8) right to be examined by a medical practitioner. It also summarizes the landmark D.K. Basu vs State of West Bengal case which established 8 guidelines to protect accused persons from torture and inhuman treatment while under arrest or in police custody.
Family courts and the Family Courts Act, 1984.akhil kumar
Family courts were established in India in 1984 to provide a specialized forum for speedy resolution of disputes related to marriage and family affairs. The key objectives of family courts are to promote conciliation between parties and secure expedited settlements. Family courts have jurisdiction over matters including divorce, maintenance claims, child custody and access. They employ counselors to attempt to reconcile parties and encourage out-of-court settlements through counseling and conciliation.
Article 31 originally protected the right to property as a fundamental right, but was later amended. Article 31A allowed the government to acquire private property for public purposes with the president's assent. Article 31B validated laws included in the 9th Schedule, shielding them from judicial review. Article 31C protected laws that gave effect to directive principles, even if they limited fundamental rights with presidential assent. The Supreme Court has ruled that 9th Schedule laws and laws limiting fundamental rights must still conform to the basic structure doctrine.
This document provides an overview of the Workmen's Compensation Act of 1923 in India. Some key points:
- The Act recognizes that workers injured on the job should be compensated. It applies to organized industries and hazardous occupations.
- Objectives include providing relief to injured workers or their dependents, establishing employer liability for workplace injuries, and ensuring compensation regardless of fault.
- Employers are liable for compensation for injuries caused by accidents or occupational diseases arising from employment. Compensation amounts depend on injury type and worker's wages.
- The Commissioner oversees claims and distribution of deposited compensation to dependents of deceased workers. Employers must pay compensation promptly or face penalties.
Detailed Presentation on Special Marriage Act, 1954
Made By:
Edited By: Ayush Patria, Sangam University, Bhilwara
Follow us on Instagram: @law_laboratory
Website: www.lawlaboratory.in
ADMINISTRATIVE TRIBUNALS OF INDIA A Study In The Light Of Decided CasesJody Sullivan
The document provides an introduction and overview of administrative tribunals in India. Some key points:
- Administrative tribunals were established to reduce backlogs in regular courts and provide specialized, quicker resolution of disputes related to government administration and welfare programs.
- The evolution of tribunals in India is discussed, from their establishment post-independence to handle disputes around new welfare laws, to the Administrative Tribunals Act of 1985 which set up the Central Administrative Tribunal.
- Various types of administrative tribunals are outlined that handle domains like customs, taxation, elections, and industrial relations.
- Features of tribunals in India are summarized, including that they have powers similar to high courts and
Assault is the act of threatening harmful or offensive contact with another person. It does not require actual physical contact or battery. Assault is a criminal offense divided into categories in the Penal Code. Battery involves actual physical force or contact, while assault is the threat of battery. Mere words alone do not constitute assault; there must be a threatening act like brandishing a weapon. Provocation can be a defense for assault if the provocation incited reasonable retaliation, like knocking down an attacker with a knife.
The Workmen's Compensation Act of 1923 provides compensation to workmen and their dependents for injuries arising from accidents or certain occupational diseases during employment. The Act applies to workers in railways, mines, factories, and other hazardous occupations. Employers are liable to pay compensation in cases of disablement or death of workers. The amount of compensation depends on the nature of injury, wages of the worker, and other factors. The Act is administered by state governments through Commissioners for Workmen's Compensation.
The document discusses the financial relations between the central and state governments in India as outlined in the constitution. It covers several key points:
1) The constitution lays out schemes for distributing revenue sources and taxes between the central and state governments, allocating some exclusively to the centre or states and sharing others.
2) The distribution of certain taxes like income tax are specified, with the centre collecting and then distributing a portion to the states.
3) The states' power to levy taxes is restricted in some areas that are reserved for the central government like inter-state trade.
4) The constitution establishes a Finance Commission that is tasked with assessing states' financial needs and determining the proportions of central assistance
This document is a Supreme Court of India ruling on whether sanction is required under Section 197 of the Criminal Procedure Code to initiate criminal proceedings against public servants for offenses allegedly committed in their official duties. The Court sets aside the High Court order quashing the criminal proceedings for lack of sanction. The Court finds that the alleged acts of cheating, fabrication of records and misappropriation cannot be considered discharge of official duties. It directs the trial court to expedite and complete the criminal trial by December 31, 2015.
Insanity is defined under Indian law as being incapable of knowing the nature of one's acts or that they are wrong or illegal due to unsoundness of mind. It can also refer to a mental disease affecting personality and interaction. To be found legally insane, one must not have known the nature of their act or understood it was wrong/illegal due to their mental state. There are two types of insanity - legal insanity considers one's consciousness of their acts while medical insanity considers previous/present behavior and conduct. The M'Naughten rule established in a famous case provides that if one is under a delusion, they must be judged as if the delusional facts were real, and one is not responsible
This case involved a public interest litigation filed by M.C Mehta regarding pollution caused by a chemical factory. The factory was releasing toxic gases without proper safeguards, endangering public health. The Supreme Court found that the factory was violating various environmental laws and regulations. It ordered the factory to pay compensation to those affected by the pollution and to properly handle hazardous waste in accordance with the law to prevent future violations. The case strengthened environmental protection by establishing the polluter pays principle and setting precedents to curb industrial pollution for the benefit of public health.
Scheduled caste and scheduled tribe (prevention of atrocities)act,1989Suresh Murugan
The Scheduled Castes and Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 was enacted by the Indian Parliament to prevent atrocities against scheduled castes and scheduled tribes. The objectives of the Act are to deliver justice and enable SC/ST communities to live with dignity, without fear or suppression. Atrocity is defined in the Act as an offense punishable under sections 3(1) and 3(2), specifically referring to crimes against SCs and STs. The Act also provides for special courts in each district to try cases and mandates that judges be sensitive to SC/ST issues. Compensation is meant to help victims back on their feet after often being collectively punished for daring to act independently. However
The document discusses health insurance in India. It covers the importance of health insurance, different types of health insurance including social (ESI, CGHS), private (Mediclaim), and community-based (RSBY) insurance. It outlines some of the key features of these insurance schemes including their benefits, contributions, and issues faced. It also discusses the roles of regulatory bodies like IRDA that oversees the insurance sector in India. In summary, the document provides an overview of the health insurance landscape in India, the different public and private options available, and some challenges faced by these schemes.
Essential Package of Health Services and Health Benefit Plans Mapping BriefHFG Project
Many governments are scaling up health benefit plans, such as social health insurance, to increase population health coverage. This brief presents findings from a mapping between the services covered under the country’s prominent health benefit plan(s) to the country’s Essential Package of Health Services. The mapping analyzes the extent to which the plan(s) cover essential services.
Proper health care is a universal human right.
Increasing healthcare cost make it very difficult for poor people
to access the even basic health care facilities. Most of the Indians
live in rural area. Majority of them are too poor to afford health
care services by their own pocket. These people cannot afford
general health insurance policies. In this paper, we discuss health
insurance schemes that have been started for these people. We
also discuss the challenges these schemes have. We also suggest
the steps that can be taken to improve the penetration and
effectiveness of these schemes for the better health management
of rural and poor Indians
The document summarizes discussions from a five-day third management consultation on healthcare in India. On the first day, the conference discussed various healthcare models and the need to address India's healthcare funding gap. A 2008 KPMG report found that out-of-pocket expenditures account for around 76% of healthcare spending in India, compared to around 60% in China. To reduce this and increase access, India would need to increase public funding and public-private partnerships. The second day covered challenges in government hospitals, deficiencies in medical education resources, opportunities in alternative medicine, and health insurance trends. The third day focused on government health schemes like RSBY and empowering beneficiaries through effective business models and supply chain management.
Ayushman Bharat Yojana is the largest government-funded healthcare programme in the world that was launched by the Indian government on September 25, 2018. It has two components - the creation of 150,000 health and wellness centers across India and the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana which provides a coverage of Rs. 500,000 per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization to over 10.74 crore poor and vulnerable families. The scheme aims to reduce out-of-pocket healthcare expenses for Indian citizens and provide financial risk
Ayushman Bharat Yojana is the largest government-funded healthcare programme in the world that was launched by the Indian government on September 25, 2018. It has two components - the creation of 150,000 health and wellness centers across India and the Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana which provides a coverage of Rs. 500,000 per family per year for secondary and tertiary care hospitalization to over 10.74 crore poor and vulnerable families. The scheme aims to reduce out-of-pocket healthcare expenses for Indian citizens and provide financial risk
Social Insurance - Unorganised workers welfare schemesJaswanth Singh G
The document discusses welfare schemes for unorganized construction workers in India. It outlines the Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana (AABY) scheme which provides life and disability insurance of up to Rs. 75,000 for construction workers aged 18-59. It also discusses the facilities provided by the Karnataka Buildings and Other Constructions Workers Welfare Board, such as health insurance of up to Rs. 6,000, maternity benefits, education assistance, and financial aid for marriages and equipment. The document aims to increase awareness of social security programs for unorganized construction workers in India.
Consumer Behavior And Awareness Towards Health Insurance-Minor Research Projectniharikayadav26
This document summarizes a minor research project conducted by students at Prestige Institute of Management and Research on consumer behavior and awareness towards health insurance policies. It includes an acknowledgement section thanking those involved in the project. It also includes a declaration by the students stating the work is original. A faculty guide certification is provided. The document outlines the various chapters that will be included, such as an introduction, literature review, research methodology, data analysis and interpretation, findings, conclusion and suggestions. Tables of demographic data and health insurance purchasing behavior are previewed.
Customer perception of health insurance hi products a study inIAEME Publication
This document summarizes a study on customer perception of health insurance products in Imphal City, Manipur, India. It discusses the purpose of studying customer awareness, perceptions, and buying behaviors related to health insurance. It also reviews past literature on topics like health insurance awareness and perception, factors that influence health insurance penetration, and the importance of the insurance industry providing education and ensuring transparent claim settlement processes. The document concludes by noting that health insurance falls under the service industry and discusses relevant aspects of the marketing mix for services.
The document provides information on the Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana (RSBY), a government-run health insurance program for low-income families in India. It discusses that RSBY aims to provide health insurance coverage and cashless hospitalization to below poverty line families. It offers a benefit of Rs. 30,000 for a family of five with coverage of pre-existing conditions and transportation costs. The premium is paid by both central and state governments, with beneficiaries paying a Rs. 30 registration fee. Over 36 million families had been enrolled as of 2014.
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Effectiveness of health insurance in the unorganized sector of Punjab(An Empirical Study).
1. 1
Effectiveness on the Health Insurance Schemes amongst
Unorganized sector in Punjab (An Empirical study).
Presented by
(Navneet kaur)
Reg. No.- 41600133
Under the supervision of
(Dr. Rupesh Roshan Singh)
Associate Professor
A Research Proposal of the Ph.D. thesis
on
3. Abstract
The economic and social development of a country depends on the quality of its
human resources, in turn, depends on the quality of education and health services.
But, in India, Public health facilities suffer from poor management, low service
quality, and weak finances. On the other hand, private health facilities are expensive,
At the same time, health insurance companies have sown interest in offering health
insurance products to unorganized sector workers in Punjab. For the findings and the
results the researcher will gathered and analyzed empirical data through structured
questionnaire approx. 576 respondents of unorganized sector of Punjab. “Multi-stage
stratified sampling” will be used for short listing the respondents responses through
the detailed study expected results The outcome of the study will help to know the
reality of health insurance schemes. So, it would be easy to making appropriate health
insurance schemes for the unorganized sector workers by which the health status and
productivity of the nation can be further improved.
4. Introduction
What is health insurance.
In today’s dynamic world, health is playing a vital role. Health insurance is an
insurance that covers the whole or part of the risk of a person incurring medical
expenses, spreading the risk over numerous persons.
Section 2 (6C) of Insurance Act, 1938 defines Health Insurance Business as ,under:
“health insurance business” means the effecting of contracts which provide for.
Sickness benefits or medical, surgical or hospital expense benefits, whether in-patient
or out-patient travel cover and personal accident cover”.
But, the workers in the unorganized sector are completely ignoring their health due to
lack of awareness, lack of government support, illiteracy, paying expenses for medical
facilities out-of-pocket and so on. The government is framing many plans and policies
to overcome these barriers (Fang et al., 2019).
5. Unorganized sector workers
The term ‘unorganized sector’ is used commonly in all official records and analysis.
Keith Hart is the first person to introduce the term ‘Unorganized sector’ and
distinguished organized and unorganized income opportunities on the basis of
whether the activity entailed wage or self employment (Hart, 1973). Unorganized
workers can be categorized broadly under the following four heads namely
(Economic Review 2010, Government of Punjab),.
1. In terms of occupation
Small and marginal farmers, landless agricultural labourers, fishermen, leather
workers, weavers, artisans, those engaged in animal husbandry, beedi rolling,
labelling and packing, building and construction, brick kilns and stone quarries,
sawmills, oil mills, etc come in this category.
6. 2. In terms of nature of employment
Agricultural labourers, bonded labourers, migrant workers, contract and casual
labourers come under this category.
3.In terms of specially distressed categories
Toddy tappers, scavengers, carriers of head loads, drivers of animal driven
vehicles, loaders and un-loaders belong to this category.
4. In terms of service categories
Midwives, domestic workers, fishermen and women, barbers, vegetable and
fruit vendors, news paper vendors, etc come under this category.
8. S. NO. State ESIS CGHS
Expenditure
on RSBY &
other state
schemes
Total Exp.
On Health
Insurance
Exp. On
tertiary
care
Total
Health
Expenditure
1 Andhra Pradesh 16418 6611 120000 143029 63102 385439
2 Assam 1742 128 86 1956 69852 210296
3 Bihar 1511 1311 5204 8026 55471 215414
4 Chhattisgarh 689 0 3052 3741 6753 213262
5 Delhi 49036 59745 278 180789 64145 210488
6 Gujarat 11182 893 4007 16082 47633 214217
7 Goa 1378 0 24 1402 23697 210234
8 Haryana 6873 0 4753 11626 18981 214963
9
Himachal
Pradesh
1290 0 509 1799 23697 210719
10 Jharkhand 1504 347 2146 3997 18981 212356
11 Karnataka 10691 7764 5500 23955 95374 281155
12 Kerala 9817 812 5984 16613 75068 216194
13 Madhya Pradesh 4696 1647 0 6343 14933 210210
14 Maharashtra 22904 4691 7144 34739 96340 217354
15 Orissa 2983 342 0 3325 33806 210210
16 Punjab 10569 0 868 11437 44307 211078
17 Rajasthan 7566 1571 - 9137 86,849 210210
18 Tamil Nadu 16910 3165 52547 72,622 87,596 317562
19 Uttar Pradesh 7683 8266 10045 25994 1,20,153 812923
20 Uttarakhand 521 347 315 1183 16,381 803193
21 West Bengal 14105 4518 4097 22720 1,51,879 806975
22 Others 14292 61626 299 76217 - 268681
- - 7,00,000 7,00,000 - -
2,14,359 1,60,015 9,26,861 13,01,235 12,12,681 68,63,136
2,144 1600 9,269 13,013 12,127 68,631
PHI(2016-17)
Total (in lakhs)
Total(incrores)
Table 2. Contributions of health insurance schemes and tertiary care spending In lakhs of Rs.)
9. Problems of unorganized sector workers in Punjab:
Very low wages is the main problem for unorganized workers.
Maximum workers do not have any perfect living areas near to their work place.
They do not have any knowledge about work hazardous and occupational safety.
Overtime, paid holiday or sick leave are not provided to them.
They do not have idea on Trade Union/labour Union.
High level job insecurity is a common phenomenon unorganized sector.
Women and child workers are vulnerable and draw very low wages.
Maximum workers are leaving in a very deplorable condition.
Lack of quality employment due to fraudulent acting of contractor.
Loss of employment due to silly reason is a natural incident.
Numbers of harassment issues at work place for working women.
Susceptible to diseases.
Bonded labour.
10. Growth of Health insurance in India.
(2011-2018)
Source: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1080112/india-health-insurance-
penetration/
11. Description on health insurance schemes.
These schemes intend to provide health insurance security to the weaker and
deprived sections of the society.
Health Insurance Schemes for the unorganised workers in Punjab Issued by the “central government.”
Table 1.
Name of the scheme Year of Implementation
Central Government Health Schemes New Delhi, 1954
Employees State Insurance Scheme Employees state insurance act,1948
Rashtrya Swasthya Bima Yojana 2008 (for the below poverty line)
Aam Aadmi BimaYojana 2007
Universal health insurance scheme 2007
Ayushman Bharat Sarbat Sehat BimaYojana 2018
12. National Health Insurance Schemes for the unorganized sector workers;
National Health Insurance Schemes are the health insurance programs initiated by the National
Government(Prinja et al., 2019). To make health insurance accessible to the poor and destitute,
our government has launched some health insurance schemes such as(Khetrapal et al., 2019)
Rashtriya Swasthya Bima Yojana, Central Government Health Scheme, Employment State
Insurance Scheme, Universal Health Insurance Scheme, Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana and
Janashree Bima Yojajna among others.Healthy citizens are a priority for every government.
Let’s check out the benefits offered by these schemes in detail-
Rashtriya Swasthiya Bima Yojana(RSBY): -
Ministry of labour & Employment, Government of India launched this National Health
Insurance Scheme for Families who are below the poverty line. The scheme provides hospital
treatment for people who are below poverty line access to public and private hospitals for
Rs.30,000 per year for 5 members in the family(Yuen et al., 2020). This scheme was launched
in 2007.
13. Employment State Insurance Scheme(ESIS);
This is a government scheme that ensures a cover customized according to the needs
of the workers and policyholders covered under this health insurance policy.
Policyholders and their dependents covered under the ESIS policy not only avail full
medical cover but are also entitled to additional cover in case of any emergencies
owing to permanent or total disability(Binnendijk et al., 2013).
Central Government Health Scheme(CGHS);
This scheme is nothing short of a boon to all those employees employed with the
Central Government. The scheme applies to pensioners and their dependents
too(Bahuguna et al., 2018).
Aam Aadmi Bima Yojana(AABY);
The scheme has introduced the concept of health insurance in 2007 to the landless
and rural Indian population, the AABY scheme covers people aged between 10 and
59 years.
14. Universal Health Insurance Scheme (UHIS);
This scheme came in the wake of rising hospitalization expenses and reports of poor
families’ inability to afford medical treatment at hospitals or medical treatment
centers.
Ayushman Bharat
This scheme introduced under the National Health Protection Mission aims to
provide coverage to more than 10 crore vulnerable families by offering coverage up
to Rs. 5 lakhs to every policyholder and dependents in the event of primary,
secondary or tertiary hospitalization.
15. Review of Literature
Health Insurance
Author/Title Name/Vol./Issue No. Findings/Result
“Impact of Publicly Financed
Health Insurance Schemes on
Healthcare Utilization and
Financial Risk Protection in
India: A Systematic Review.”
(2017)
The impact of publicly financed health insurance schemes on health
service utilization, out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditure, financial risk
protection and health status.
Role of insurance in determining
utilization of healthcare and
financial risk protection in India,
Prinja.et.al (2019)
The relationship of HI and RSBY on out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures
and financial risk protection (FRP). The association of health insurance
(HI) schemes in general, and RSBY (National Health Insurance
Scheme).
“The state of enrolment on the
National Health Insurance
Scheme in rural Ghana after
eight years of implementation
Anthony”
Kwarteng, Anthony
Akazili, (2019).
Despite the introduction of policy exemptions as an equity measure, the
poorest of the poor were rarely identified for exemption. The
government must urgently resource the Department of Social Welfare
to identify the poor for NHIS (National Health Insurance Schemes)
enrolment.
16. Transforming Health Care In
India: Ayushman Bharat-
national Health Protection
Mission Tabish, S A (2018)
Inequalities and health-related expenses resulting in impoverishment
further marginalises the poor, underprivileged and outreach. The
government of India has come up with a highly ambitious initiative
Ayushman Bharat – National Health Protection Mission (AB-NHPM) as
a shift from traditional health planning approaches towards a
comprehensive healthcare vision.
AWARENESS,
CHALLENGES AND
OPPORTUNITIES OF
HEALTH INSURANCE IN
INDIA Shivany M
Vinoth(2017)
This paper focuses primarily on the issues and opportunities for India's
health insurance sector and secondarily on its genesis and growth. This
will clearly lead to high out-of-pocket expenditure and for the rural
population it becomes unaffordable.
Health Insurance
Review of Literature
17. Review of Literature
Unorganized sector workers
Author/Title
Name/Vol./Issue No.
Findings/Result
“Sub-national health
accounts: Experience from
Punjab State in India”
Pankaj Bahuguna1,
Prinja(2018)
Public health spending in India has been traditionally one of the lowest
globally. Punjab is one of the states with highest proportion of out-of-pocket
expenditures for healthcare in India. This study to produce the sub-national
health accounts (SNHA) for Pun- jab state in India.
“Occupational Health
problems in Informal
Sector in India need
immediate attention”,
Kishore(2017)
Unorganized workers do not have social security benefits which workers in the
formal sector enjoy from their employers and government. Due to a lack of
regulations governing occupational safety and standards in the unorganized
sector, the occurrence of occupational diseases in common among these
workers.
“Labourers of Unorganised
sectors and their
Problems” Prof. (Dr.)
Subhasish
Chatterjee(2016)
It is crystal clear that unorganized labours are living their life below the
minimum standards level. Without a doubt, many informal workers are not in a
position to meet their daily requirement. Maximum numbers of women worker
are consistent victims of low wages when contrasted with men. There are
number of legislations for the security of the labour force but those laws are
routinely executed in organized sectors yet in actuality, it is not used
methodically in unorganized sectors.
18. Review of Literature
Unorganized sector workers in Punjab
Author/Title Name/Vol./Issue
No.
Findings/Result
“Assessment of the public-
private-partnerships model
of a national health
insurance scheme in India”
Sonalini Khetrapal
(2019)
Findings show regulatory weaknesses, and contractual breaches. Enrolment
rates were low in both districts and more so for Patiala and there was limited
access to services. RSBY helped improve accessibility and gave some degree
of financial protection to patients. It also actively engaged with existing
resources in the Indian health care and insurance markets.
“Health Care for the Poor
in India with Special
Reference to Punjab State”
B. S. Ghuman1 Akshat
Mehta(2017)
At present, there are three health-care policy initiatives for the poor: (i)
exemption from the user fee in government hospitals; (ii) free treatment in
private super-specialty hospitals (within a defined proportion of total
patients); and (iii) health insurance. This paper examines health care for the
poor in India, particularly in the state of Punjab.
“Awareness and
Willingness to Pay for
Health Insurance: A Study
of Darjeeling District
“Darjeeling, India(2015)
This study examines the respondents who are aware or not aware about
health insurance as well as various sources of awareness; secondly, those
who are aware have subscribed for it or not; thirdly, those who have not
subscribed what are the reasons behind the same; and lastly are they willing
to join and pay for it? If yes then what would be the possible amount?
19. Objectives
1. To identify the socio-economic determinants among the workers of
unorganized sector, Punjab.
2. To study the various health insurance schemes for unorganized sector workers
in Punjab.
3. To analyze the willingness of unorganized sector workers for making the
decision of health insurance schemes.
4. To formulate the recommendations for unorganized sector workers to improve
awareness for health insurance schemes.
20. Sr. No. Objectives Methodology
1. To identify the socio-economic determinants among the
workers of unorganized sector, Punjab.
Data will be collected through questionnaire
and data will be analyzed by Logistic
regression analysis/ SPSS
2. To study the various health insurance schemes for
unorganized sector workers in Punjab.
Data will be collected through questionnaire
and data will be analyzed comparative study of
workers among various sectors, the researcher
used averages, frequency, graphical method
and Chi- square test by SPSS
3. To analyze the willingness of unorganized sector
workers for making the decision of health insurance
schemes.
Data will be collected through Questionnaire.
Concept of health insurance and Perception
will be measured with different variables by
using Five- point Likert Scale
4. To formulate the recommendations for unorganized
sector workers to improve awareness for health
insurance schemes.
Data will be analyzed by Structural Equation
Modelling, Exploratory and Confirmatory
Factor Analysis through SPSS. Secondary data
will be used to examine the policies and
welfare Programs.
Objectives with methodology
21. Research Gap
1. In previous studies smaller numbers of variables have been considered to
make analysis on socio-economic determinants among the workers of
unorganized sector but, in this study all the factors related with health
insurance which influence the decision of health insurance schemes will be
considered.
2.According to the research studies on previous a range of literature review
in health insurance but, it is unable to find out any research on effectiveness
of health insurance schemes amongst unorganized workers in Punjab
because, the previous studies are based on the factors and barriers of health
insurance schemes rather than effectiveness of the health insurance schemes
and also there is no any recommendations for the unorganized sector to take
benefits from the health insurance schemes for themselves as well as for
their family members.
22. 3. In this study the willingness of the unorganized sector workers will be
analyzed such as the demand of them will be analyzed as it is not done in the
previous studies.
4.In India, almost 90 percent of people working in the unorganized sector are at
the higher risk due to pandemic situation of COVID-19 it is the important need
of the time to determine the impact of this situation on unorganized workers, so
that further health insurance schemes and benefits will be provided to the
unorganized sector (Yuen et al., 2020).
5. Moreover, because of these measures the twin impact of demonetization and
goods and services tax (GST) will be pushed to the brink hence, this study will
help to find out the needs of the unorganized manufacturing and service sector.
6. This study also includes agriculture sector in rural as well as urban areas to
analyses the impact of health schemes of unorganized sector in Punjab, India.
23. Research Hypothesis
H1:There is no significance difference between the determinants of health insurance schemes among
unorganized sector workers in Punjab.
H2:There is significance difference between the determinants of health insurance schemes among
unorganized sector workers in Punjab.
H3: There is no significance need to study the various health insurance schemes for the unorganized
workers in Punjab.
H4:There is significance need to study the various health insurance schemes for the unorganized sector
workers in Punjab.
H5:There is no significance to analyze the willingness of unorganized sector workers for making the
decision for health insurance schemes.
H6:There is significance to analyze the willingness of unorganized sector workers for making the
decision for health insurance schemes.
H7:There is no significance to formulate the recommendations for unorganized sector workers to
improve awareness for health insurance schemes.
H8:There is significance requirement to formulate the recommendations for unorganized sector workers
to improve awareness for health insurance schemes.
24. Data collection
Secondary Data will be collected from :
Web sites
Previous studies including research papers
Articles in newspapers and magazines
Previous PhD thesis and internet
Primary Data :
Structured Questionnaires
Personal Interview
26. Districts Per Capita Income (2014-15)
Gurdaspur (Majha) 72940(Highest)
Amritsar (Majha) 98599(Lowest)
Nawan Shehar(Doaba) 129366(Highest)
Hoshiarpur (Doaba) 117572(Lowest)
Rupnagar (Malwa) 133707(Highest)
SAS Nagar (Malwa) 132532(Highest)
Ludhiana ( Malwa) 128353(Highest)
Firozpur (Malwa) 86593 (Lowest)
Shri Muktsar Sahib(Malwa) 92786(Lowest)
Mansa (Malwa) 89864 (Lowest)
Per capita Income in different districts in Punjab
27. Proposed Research Methodology contd….
Projected Sample Size
The present study involves the “multi-stage stratified sampling technique”. The first
phase of the sampling technique involves the geographical clustering of Punjab in 3
regions namely Majha, Doaba and Malwa (Taherdoost, 2018).In the second phase, 50
percent of districts will be selected from each of the geographical clusters on the basis of
high and low per-capita income (Aggarwal et al., 2012). Amritsar and Gurdaspur
districts will be selected from the Majha region. Similarly, districts viz. Nawashehar and
Hoshiarpur will be selected from Doaba and lastly, from Malwa region 6 districts will be
selected viz. Ludhiana, Ferozpur, S.A.S Nagar, Mansa, Muktsar and Ropnagar.
29. An outline of selection of sample workers
The unorganized workers are playing vital role in today’s dynamic scenario.
Without, the good health of them it is difficult for developing nation to become
the developed one. To analyze in brief the unorganized sectors are divided into
different sectors. The entire workers are further classified into three main sectors
viz; Agriculture sector, Manufacturing Sector and Service Sector.. These are as: -
Unorganized Sector
Agriculture Sector Manufacturing
Sector
Service
Sector
30. Research Design
RESEARCH TYPE EXPLORATORY RESEARCH
RESEARCH
CONTEXT
UNORGANIZED WORKERS ASSOCIATIONS.
RESEARCH
APPROACH
QUANTITATIVE SURVEY BASED ON LIKERT SCALE
SAMPLING 576 , NON PROBABILITY SAMPLING
DATA TYPE NOMINAL SCALE
VARIABLES OF
STUDY
CRITICAL FACTORS & ACHIEVEMENT VARIABLES
DATA COLLECTION
TOOLS
CUSTOMISED SURVEY INSTRUMENTS
DATA ANALYSIS
TOOLS
DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS, RELIABILITY TEST, VALIDITY TEST, EXPLORATORY
FACTOR ANALYSIS, NON PARAMETRIC TEST
DATA ANALYSIS
SOFTWARE
SPSS, MS-EXCEL
31. Sampling
Sample Size: The sample size is calculated from both urban and rural area. Adopting
a sample size in scientific approach is become necessary; an ideal sample size is
needed to reduce the sample error and to truly represent the population. For the
present study, Krejcie & Morgan, (1970) formula will be used for sample size.
S=X2NP(1-P)/d2(N-1) +X2P(1-P)
The S denotes as required sample size, x2 represent the table value of Chi-square for 1
degree of freedom at the desired level of Chi-Square for 1 degree of freedom at the
desired level of confidence (3.84). N represented the population size. P as population
proportion and D denotes as degree of accuracy as a proportion (0.50).
Total – According to the Krejcie & Morgan, 1970 table, a sample size of 576 was
achieved which was sufficient to analyze state wide results.
32. Expected Outcomes
It is expected that this research will help to know about the effectiveness of
health insurance schemes among the unorganized sector workers in different
districts of Punjab.
It is difficult to find out the impacts of health insurance schemes on the
economy of the country. As according to previous studies, it has seen that less
than 50% population secured themselves with any kind of health insurance
scheme (Shukla & Singh, 2018). Hence, this study will help to analyze the
impact of health insurance in unorganized sector of Punjab.
This study will help to analyze the reason behind lack of awareness for the
health insurance schemes and also provide assistance to the legislative bodies
to formulate new plans and policies to improve the economic condition of the
country.
33. Relevance of the Expected Results;
The outcome of the study will help to know the reality of health insurance
schemes. So, it would be easy to making appropriate health insurance schemes
for the unorganized sector workers by which the health status and productivity of
the nation can be further improved. It would be also easy to know about the
loopholes in the health insurance schemes for the unorganized sector workers.
Moreover, the study on the effectiveness of health insurance schemes ( An
empirical study) will help to provide awareness among companies and other
policy formulations to make appropriate plans and procedures to make the health
insurance schemes better than before and to analyze the impact of various health
insurance schemes in unorganized sector of Punjab.
34. Tools & Techniques;
The data will be collected by filling the questionnaires of the unorganized sector
workers in Punjab in the rural as well as urban areas. The structured questionnaire
will consist the information/detail about the effectiveness of the health insurance
schemes for the unorganized sector workers in Punjab. The questionnaire will also
sent to the unorganized sector workers through Google forms (G- Forms).
Measurement & Scaling;
The Five- point Likert Scale will be used.
Data collection;
Data will be collected from both Primary as well as Secondary sources. Primary
data will include the interview of unorganized sector workers. For this purpose, 192
workers will be randomly selected from each district making total of 576
unorganized workers from the 3 given regions.
35. Data analysis;
Data will be analyzed with the appropriate statistical techniques by using
software’s like SPSS and R-Programming. The data will also be analyzed
quantatively in tabular form. The data will be analyzed to know the effectiveness
about the health insurance schemes among the unorganized sector workers in
Punjab in rural as well as urban areas. The data will also use to make analysis of
health insurance schemes in different districts of Punjab.
Hypothesis testing;
The suitable Hypothesis test like logistic regression, structural equation
modeling, chi-square test, t-test, confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis
and alpha test and so on will be conducted upon selected data.
36. Timelines of the study;
Proposed time frame
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SOTA seminar
SOTA committee approval
Data collection
Preliminary study
(reliability and validation)
Annual report submission and presentation
Focus group discussion
Research article submission 1
End term report ( subpresentation)
Research article submission 2
Annual report (sub-presentation)
End term report
Data analysis
Research article submission 3
Compilation of PhD Thesis
Pre-submission registration
Annual report submission and presentation
2020 2021 2022
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