Conferencing involves having unscripted, casual yet purposeful conversations with students about the books they are reading to reinforce reading strategies and skills. The goals are to support students' understanding and fluency, teach readers rather than texts, and help readers become better overall rather than just with one book. Teachers take on roles as listeners, guides, and problem solvers to gather information about students' reading levels, groupings, and needed strategies or skills while ensuring discussions are balanced between student and teacher talk.