The document investigates the effects of tool size on fracture and fatigue behaviors of friction stir spot welds of 6061-T6 aluminum sheets. Three tools of different sizes (T1, T2, T3) were used to make welds at different welding parameters. Quasi-static tensile tests were performed to evaluate failure strengths and modes. Fatigue tests under cyclic opening conditions found that failure lives and modes depended strongly on tool size and applied load. Fracture surfaces and microstructures of the welds before and after failure were examined using optical microscopy and SEM. The results indicate that failure strengths, lives and modes show significant dependence on tool size and processing conditions.
This DNV document outlines the technical standards, as developed by DNV, aimed at floating gas temrinals. Similar standards can be found in DNV.COM website, under "Resources".
This DNV document outlines the technical standards, as developed by DNV, aimed at floating gas temrinals. Similar standards can be found in DNV.COM website, under "Resources".
Sentrifugo user guide provides information about configuration settings and each module usage.
Download the latest version of Sentrifugo at http://www.sentrifugo.com/download.
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Abstract Aluminum and its alloys have been used in recent times due to their light weight, moderate strength and good corrosion resistance. Aluminum alloy 7075-T6 has been researched upon especially as a potential candidate for aircraft material. This alloy is difficult to weld using conventional welding techniques like GTAW and GMAW. An attempt has been made in this paper to weld 7075-T6 alloy using GMAW with argon as a shielding gas. The welding experiment was carried out on Odor, Chennai and tensile strength tested on Ministry of Micro and small and Medium Enterprises Testing Center, Government of India, Chennai for the purpose of improving tensile strength. In order to formulate the equation between important welding parameters like current (I), Voltage (V), Welding Speed (WS) and Gas flow (GS) (predictors) and tensile strength (response) so that multiple regression as chosen and validated this model SPSS 16 and formulated the transfer function with interaction between predictors reported by Minitab 15. Keywords: AA 7075 aluminum alloy, Gas Metal arc welding, Regression Model, Response Surface model
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containing:
Definition of Machinability
Machinability of Aluminum Alloys
How to improve the mach inability of Al alloy?
Cutting force during machining of aluminum alloys
Chip formation and chip segmentation
Surface of Machined Aluminium Alloys
MACHINABILITY RATINGS
Sentrifugo user guide provides information about configuration settings and each module usage.
Download the latest version of Sentrifugo at http://www.sentrifugo.com/download.
Effect of process parameters on tensile strength in gas metal arc welded join...eSAT Journals
Abstract Aluminum and its alloys have been used in recent times due to their light weight, moderate strength and good corrosion resistance. Aluminum alloy 7075-T6 has been researched upon especially as a potential candidate for aircraft material. This alloy is difficult to weld using conventional welding techniques like GTAW and GMAW. An attempt has been made in this paper to weld 7075-T6 alloy using GMAW with argon as a shielding gas. The welding experiment was carried out on Odor, Chennai and tensile strength tested on Ministry of Micro and small and Medium Enterprises Testing Center, Government of India, Chennai for the purpose of improving tensile strength. In order to formulate the equation between important welding parameters like current (I), Voltage (V), Welding Speed (WS) and Gas flow (GS) (predictors) and tensile strength (response) so that multiple regression as chosen and validated this model SPSS 16 and formulated the transfer function with interaction between predictors reported by Minitab 15. Keywords: AA 7075 aluminum alloy, Gas Metal arc welding, Regression Model, Response Surface model
a small presentation about machinability and Al machinability
containing:
Definition of Machinability
Machinability of Aluminum Alloys
How to improve the mach inability of Al alloy?
Cutting force during machining of aluminum alloys
Chip formation and chip segmentation
Surface of Machined Aluminium Alloys
MACHINABILITY RATINGS
this presentation takes about
1- Presence of aluminum , importance and Applications
2- Forging operation , importance and answering the question why forging parts have high strength
3- its Main topic Connecting rod working principle , Stresses applied on it
4- Material which connecting rod made from , chemical composition and discussing the effect of alloying elements
5- Explaining the manufacturing operation, working tempertaure and Strengthening mechanism happens during forging process
6- Die which used in forging operation and requirements which must be in the die
7- chemical composition of selected die and effects of some alloying elements in it
Kenworth W900 Heavy Duty Body Builder ManualTim Miller
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But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
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Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a button
Effect of tool size on fracture and fatigue behaviors of friction stir spot welds of 6061 t6 al sheets no-pw
1. 6061-T6
Effects of Tool Size on Fracture and
Fatigue Behaviors of Friction Stir Spot
Welds of 6061-T6 Aluminum Sheets
2. 6061-T6
T1 T2 T3
T1 T2
T3 T3
T1 T2
T3
SEM
: 6061-T6
I
3. Abstract
Effects of tool size on fracture and fatigue behaviors of friction stir spot
welds (FSSW) in cross-tensile specimens of 6061-T6 aluminum sheets were
investigated based on experimental observations. Welds made by three tools
with different sizes, T1, T2 and T3, at different rotational speed, dwelling time
and indentation depth were tested under quasi-static opending conditions. The
nugget pullout, interfacial and mixed type failure modes can be observed.
The experimental results indicate that the failure strengths and failure modes of
good welds made under different processing conditions show significant
dependence on the tool size. Then, welds made by the three tools at the
optimum processing parameters of T3 tool were tested under cyclic opening
conditions. Under cyclic loading conditions, the fatigue lives and failure
modes of the welds strongly depend on the tool size and applied load amplitude.
For T1 tool, the mixed mode failure mode can be found. For T2 tool, when the
welds are subjected to high and low cycle fatigue loading conditions, the
upper-sheet and lower-sheet nugget pullout failure modes can be found,
respectively. For T3 tool, except the two failure modes mentioned above,
another transient failure mode can be found between them. Finally, optical and
scanning electron micrographs of the welds made by the three tools before and
after failure were examined and micro indentation tests of these welds were
conducted.
Keywords : aluminum 6061-T6, friction stir spot weld, tool size, fracture,
fatigue, failure mode
II
9. 3-13 ............................................................................................ 35
3-14 ........................................................... 40
3-15 EDS ............................................................ 41
3-16 ........................................................................................ 41
3-17 .................................................................................... 42
3-18 (MTS)......................................................................... 42
3-19 ........................................................................ 43
4-1 T3 ........................................................................ 46
4-2 T1 ........................................................ 48
4-3 T3 ........................................ 52
4-4 T3 ............ 53
4-5 T1 T3 .................................. 54
4-6 T1 T3 .................. 55
4-7 T3 ............................................ 57
4-8 T2 ............................................ 58
4-9 T1 ............................................ 59
4-10 T1 ...... 65
4-11 T2 ...... 67
4-12 T3 ...... 69
4-13 T1 T2 T3
..................................................................................................................... 71
4-14 T1 .............................. 75
VIII
10. 4-15 T2 .............................. 75
4-16 T3 .............. 76
4-17 T3 1400RPM ........ 76
4-18 T3 2000RPM ........ 77
4-19 T3 0 .......... 77
4-20 T3 15 ........ 78
4-21 T3 1.6 MM .... 78
4-22 T3 1.9 MM .... 79
4-23 ............................................................... 82
4-24 T3 .................................................. 83
4-25 T3 .......................................... 84
4-26 T3 .......................................... 85
4-27 T1 SEM .................................................. 87
4-28 T3 SEM ...................... 88
4-29 T3 SEM ...................................... 88
4-30 T1 ...................................... 91
4-31 T2 ...................................... 91
4-32 T3 ...................................... 92
4-33 T1 T2 T3 ............. 92
4-34 T1 .............................. 96
4-35 T2 .............................. 96
4-36 T2 .............................. 97
IX
11. 4-37 T3 .............................. 97
4-38 T3 .............................. 98
4-39 T3 .............................. 98
4-40 ................................. 102
4-41 T1 ............................ 103
4-42 T2 ............................ 104
4-43 T2 ............................ 105
4-44 T3 ............................ 106
4-45 T3 ............................ 107
4-46 T1 SEM .................................... 111
4-47 T2 SEM .................................... 112
4-48 T2 SEM .................................... 113
4-49 T3 SEM .................................... 114
4-50 T3 SEM .................................... 115
X
23. 2-3
(mechanical fatigue)
(creep-thermal fatigue)
2-3-1
2-4
a m R :
max min max min min
max min , a , m , R
2 2 max
a m
R
R 0.1
2-3-2
2-5
2-5
[21]
2-6
12
30. 2. (tool shoulder)
3. (tool pin)
3-6 1
1 2 2 D1
1.5 3 S1 S2
3-1-4
3-7(a)(b)
(S45C)
51 mm
1 mm 2 mm 10 mm 18.5 mm
101.6 mm 3-7(c)
152 mm 50 mm 8 mm
14 16 18
mm 3-8 3-9(a)
( ) 3-9(b)
3-1-5
19
55. 4-1
T3
T3 T1
T2 T3
(DOE) T3
(1) 700 1350 2000 rpm (2) 1.7 1.8 1.9 mm
(3) 0 7 14 sec. (4)
0.2 mm/s 4-1
4 4-1 700 rpm
1.7 mm 0 sec
800 rpm 1.65 mm 1
sec. T1 T2 T3 1321
1701 2372N
44
60. 4-3
T1 T2 T3
4-3-1 T3
4-3 T3
4-3(a) 4-3(c) 4-3(a)
I II III IV T3
(1) 800 rpm (2) 1.65 mm (3) 1 sec. 4-3(a)
2-3 (stir
zone)
(TMAZ)
(HAZ)
4-3(a)
49
61. Thornton
[2]
4-3(c) I (base metal)
II (thermal-mechanical
affected zone)
III (stir zone)
Lin [1] 4-3(c) IV
4-3-2 T3 SEM
4-6 T3
SEM 4-4(a) A B
4-4(b) A 500
2000
4-4(c) B 500
2000
4-3-3 T1 T2 T3
4-5 T3
50
62. 4-5 T2 T3
T1
T1 T2 T3
4-6 T1 T2 T3 T3
4-6
T1
T2 T1
T3
51
71. 4-5
DOE T3
800 rpm 1 sec. 1.65 mm
2372N T1 T2 T3
1321N 1701N
T3
3
T1
4-10(a) T1
1 sec. 1.65 mm 0.2 mm/sec.
400~2000 rpm
700~1000 rpm 1300~1400 N
700 rpm T3 800 rpm
T1 T1
T1
1400 rpm 700 rpm
2000 rpm
4-10(b) 800 rpm 1.65 mm 3 sec.
60
72. 1341 N 6sec.
15 sec.
T1
15
4-10(c) 800 rpm 1 sec. 1.65
mm 1.7 mm 1325N
1.6 mm
1.7 mm
1.9 mm
T2
4-11(a) T2
1 sec. 1.65 mm 0.2 mm/sec.
400~2000 rpm 700 rpm
1731 N T3 800
rpm T2 T2
T2
800 rpm
1400 rpm
1400 rpm
4-11(b) 800 rpm 1.65 mm 1 sec.
1700 N 2
14 sec.~15 sec.
61
73. 4-11(c) 800 rpm 1 sec. 1.65 mm
1700 N 1.6 mm
1620 N 1.7 mm ~ 1.9
mm
1.9 mm.
T3
4-12(a) T3
1 sec. 1.65 mm 0.2 mm/sec.
400~2000 rpm 800 rpm
2372 N 900 rpm
1000~1400 rpm
2000 rpm
4-12(b) 800 rpm 1.65 mm 1 sec.
2372 N 2
4-12(c) 800 rpm 1 sec. 1.65 mm
2372 N 1.6 mm
2078 N 1.7 mm ~ 1.9
mm
1.9 mm.
62
74. 4-13 T1 T2 T3
T3 800 rpm T1 T2 700 rpm
T1 T2 T3
T1 T2
T1 T2
1400 rpm~2000 rpm
T3 1 sec.
T2 T3
T1
T1 T1
T3 1.65 mm
T2
T3 T1
1.6~1.7 mm 1.8~1.9
mm
63
119. 5-4 SEM
T1
4-46 T1 SEM
60% 1960 4-46(a)
4-46(b) A SEM
30 4-46(c)
5000
(fatigue striation)
4-46(d) B SEM 30
4-46(e) 1000
T2
4-47 T2 SEM
60% 10843 4-47(a)
4-47(b) A SEM
30 4-47(c)
2000
(fatigue striation)
4-47(d) B SEM 30
4-47(e) 300
108
120. T1 B
4-48 T2 SEM
40% 67408 4-48(a)
4-48(b)
A SEM 30
4-48(c) 2000
4-48(d) B SEM
30 4-48(e)
1000
T3
4-49 T3 SEM 60%
15639 cycles 4-49(a)
4-49(b) A SEM
30 4-49(c) 3000
4-49(d) B SEM 30
4-49(e) 500
T1 B
4-50 T3 SEM 40%
42605 cycles 4-50(a)
4-50(b) A SEM
109
121. 40 4-50(c)
1000
4-50(d) B SEM
40 4-50(e) 5000
110
127. 6061-T6
[16]
T1 T2 T3 T3
T1 T2 T3 T3
SEM
1. T3 :
(1) 800 rpm (2) 1.65 mm (3) 1 sec. (4)
0.2 mm/s
2. T1 T2 T3 T3
1321N 1701N 2372N
3.
4. T1 T2 T3
T3 > T2 > T1
5.
116
128. 80Hv
6. T1 T2 T3 T3
T1 (mixed failure
mode) T2
T3 T2
7. SEM
117
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