This study investigates the effect of audit quality on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The study adopted ex post facto research design, data for the study were collected from annual reports and accounts of quoted Nigerian deposit money banks. Regression analysis and coefficient correlation were employed to test the formulated hypotheses. Findings revealed that there is a significant effect between audit quality and financial performance of Nigerian deposit money banks. Based on this, the study recommends among others that the management of deposit money banks in Nigeria should increase the number of foreign directors that have skills, experience and would like to protect their integrity, reputation and professional competence. Ezejiofor, Raymond A. | Erhirhie, Felix E. "Effect of Audit Quality on Financial Performance: Evidence from Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18867.pdf
Drivers of audit failure in nigeria evidence from cadbury (nigeria) plc.Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study investigating factors that led to an audit failure at Cadbury Nigeria PLC. The regulatory authority found the auditor, Akintola Williams Delloitte, negligent, incompetent, and lacking professional skepticism. The study identifies several possible causes, including the auditor's long tenure of over 40 years which may have impaired independence. Providing non-audit services was also identified as compromising independence. The audit failure cost investors billions and damaged confidence in the capital markets. The study recommends mandatory auditor rotation and prohibiting non-audit services to improve audit quality and prevent such costly failures in Nigeria.
The document summarizes the findings of an anti-money laundering survey conducted in India among 168 respondents from public sector banks, private sector banks, and foreign banks. Some of the key findings include:
1) Foreign banks have more robust AML operations due to greater investment in skilled staff, training, technology, and senior management involvement compared to public sector banks.
2) Implementation of AML programs is the biggest challenge for banks in India, particularly regarding legacy data and migrating KYC data to new electronic systems for public sector banks.
3) There is a lack of adequate skilled and certified AML professionals in the Indian banking industry.
Reforms in the nigerian banking sector and strategies for managing human reso...Alexander Decker
The document discusses reforms in the Nigerian banking sector beginning in 2004 in response to problems like weak capital bases, poor asset quality, and weak corporate governance. It led to consolidation through mergers and acquisitions. This created challenges for human resources as banks downsized significantly. A second phase of reforms began in 2009 in response to the global financial crisis, leading to more mergers and banks being taken over by the Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria. Surviving bank workers faced uncertainties that could undermine the reform goals if not properly managed. The document examines strategies for managing these workers to ensure the human element of reforms is not compromised.
Effectiveness of fraud prevention and detection techniques in malaysian islam...arsalanr
This document discusses fraud prevention and detection techniques in Malaysian Islamic banks. It provides background on fraud trends and a case involving losses at Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad. The study aims to understand bankers' perceptions of effective fraud prevention strategies. It reviews literature on common techniques like ethics training, inventory observations, fraud hotlines, and password protection. The document serves as an introduction to the full research paper.
Is Internal Audit the Next Blackberry Part 1 ACCA IA Bulletin Dec 2016Tim Leech
- The internal audit profession is facing growing customer dissatisfaction with traditional audit methods that focus on assessing controls rather than risk management processes. Regulators have called for internal audit to focus more on evaluating risk management, but most internal audits still assess controls.
- Surveys find high levels of customer dissatisfaction, with over 30% of board members and executives unhappy with internal audit. Competitors see an opportunity to exploit this dissatisfaction.
- The profession risks "paradigm paralysis" - an inability to change outdated models of thinking. History shows professions can become irrelevant if they do not adapt to changing needs. Internal audit may become the next Blackberry if it does not reinvent itself.
1. Fintech is leading five transformations in the financial services industry: (1) startups are stepping between banks and customers, (2) robo-advisors are replacing human advisors, (3) startups are distributing insurance without agents, (4) POS technology is going mobile, and (5) blockchain is streamlining processes.
2. These transformations threaten traditional financial institutions with reduced profits and market share, but also provide opportunities to partner with or acquire startups to address customer needs.
3. Regardless of timing, fintech poses a threat as it is disrupting areas like banking, payments, lending, and wealth management.
Effect of Audit Quality on the Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks i...ijtsrd
This study investigated the effect of audit quality on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The Ex-post Facto research design was adopted. The Judgmental sampling was adopted to selected 14 from the 22 listed Deposit Money Banks on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The data collected from annual reports and accounts of deposit money banks were analyzed using the simple regression and correlation analyses. Findings f revealed that Audit Committee Size ACSIZ has a positive but insignificant effect on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Audit Committee Independence ACIND and Audit Committee Meetings ACM both have a negative and insignificant effect on the financial performance of quoted deposit money banks in Nigeria while Auditors Size BIG4A has a positive and statistically significant effect on the financial performance of quoted banks in Nigeria. Based on this, the study recommended among others that the management of the deposit money banks in Nigeria should employ the services of one of the big audit firms and where this is not possible, go for an audit firm whose character and integrity is beyond question. Muotolu, Peace Chikwemma | E. O. Nwadialor "Effect of Audit Quality on the Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21557.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/21557/effect-of-audit-quality-on-the-financial-performance-of-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria/muotolu-peace-chikwemma
Drivers of audit failure in nigeria evidence from cadbury (nigeria) plc.Alexander Decker
This document summarizes a study investigating factors that led to an audit failure at Cadbury Nigeria PLC. The regulatory authority found the auditor, Akintola Williams Delloitte, negligent, incompetent, and lacking professional skepticism. The study identifies several possible causes, including the auditor's long tenure of over 40 years which may have impaired independence. Providing non-audit services was also identified as compromising independence. The audit failure cost investors billions and damaged confidence in the capital markets. The study recommends mandatory auditor rotation and prohibiting non-audit services to improve audit quality and prevent such costly failures in Nigeria.
The document summarizes the findings of an anti-money laundering survey conducted in India among 168 respondents from public sector banks, private sector banks, and foreign banks. Some of the key findings include:
1) Foreign banks have more robust AML operations due to greater investment in skilled staff, training, technology, and senior management involvement compared to public sector banks.
2) Implementation of AML programs is the biggest challenge for banks in India, particularly regarding legacy data and migrating KYC data to new electronic systems for public sector banks.
3) There is a lack of adequate skilled and certified AML professionals in the Indian banking industry.
Reforms in the nigerian banking sector and strategies for managing human reso...Alexander Decker
The document discusses reforms in the Nigerian banking sector beginning in 2004 in response to problems like weak capital bases, poor asset quality, and weak corporate governance. It led to consolidation through mergers and acquisitions. This created challenges for human resources as banks downsized significantly. A second phase of reforms began in 2009 in response to the global financial crisis, leading to more mergers and banks being taken over by the Asset Management Corporation of Nigeria. Surviving bank workers faced uncertainties that could undermine the reform goals if not properly managed. The document examines strategies for managing these workers to ensure the human element of reforms is not compromised.
Effectiveness of fraud prevention and detection techniques in malaysian islam...arsalanr
This document discusses fraud prevention and detection techniques in Malaysian Islamic banks. It provides background on fraud trends and a case involving losses at Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad. The study aims to understand bankers' perceptions of effective fraud prevention strategies. It reviews literature on common techniques like ethics training, inventory observations, fraud hotlines, and password protection. The document serves as an introduction to the full research paper.
Is Internal Audit the Next Blackberry Part 1 ACCA IA Bulletin Dec 2016Tim Leech
- The internal audit profession is facing growing customer dissatisfaction with traditional audit methods that focus on assessing controls rather than risk management processes. Regulators have called for internal audit to focus more on evaluating risk management, but most internal audits still assess controls.
- Surveys find high levels of customer dissatisfaction, with over 30% of board members and executives unhappy with internal audit. Competitors see an opportunity to exploit this dissatisfaction.
- The profession risks "paradigm paralysis" - an inability to change outdated models of thinking. History shows professions can become irrelevant if they do not adapt to changing needs. Internal audit may become the next Blackberry if it does not reinvent itself.
1. Fintech is leading five transformations in the financial services industry: (1) startups are stepping between banks and customers, (2) robo-advisors are replacing human advisors, (3) startups are distributing insurance without agents, (4) POS technology is going mobile, and (5) blockchain is streamlining processes.
2. These transformations threaten traditional financial institutions with reduced profits and market share, but also provide opportunities to partner with or acquire startups to address customer needs.
3. Regardless of timing, fintech poses a threat as it is disrupting areas like banking, payments, lending, and wealth management.
Effect of Audit Quality on the Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks i...ijtsrd
This study investigated the effect of audit quality on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The Ex-post Facto research design was adopted. The Judgmental sampling was adopted to selected 14 from the 22 listed Deposit Money Banks on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The data collected from annual reports and accounts of deposit money banks were analyzed using the simple regression and correlation analyses. Findings f revealed that Audit Committee Size ACSIZ has a positive but insignificant effect on the financial performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Audit Committee Independence ACIND and Audit Committee Meetings ACM both have a negative and insignificant effect on the financial performance of quoted deposit money banks in Nigeria while Auditors Size BIG4A has a positive and statistically significant effect on the financial performance of quoted banks in Nigeria. Based on this, the study recommended among others that the management of the deposit money banks in Nigeria should employ the services of one of the big audit firms and where this is not possible, go for an audit firm whose character and integrity is beyond question. Muotolu, Peace Chikwemma | E. O. Nwadialor "Effect of Audit Quality on the Financial Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-2 , February 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd21557.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/21557/effect-of-audit-quality-on-the-financial-performance-of-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria/muotolu-peace-chikwemma
This document discusses the audit expectation gap problem in Nigeria. It aims to examine the perceptions of auditors, clients, and users of financial statements regarding the role of external auditors and factors contributing to expectation gaps. The factors studied are uncertainty about auditor responsibilities and independence, reliance on audit reports, and interpretations of audit report messages. The study uses a survey research design with 200 participants from auditing firms, banks, investment houses, and companies in Lagos, Enugu, and Abuja. The findings will help understand significant expectation gap factors in Nigeria and how to potentially address misunderstandings between auditors and report users.
AUDITOR’S FEES AND AUDIT QUALITY OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA.pdfOsarenrenAigienohuwa1
The research intensifies effort at determining whether auditor’s independence has any
impact on the audit quality of Nigerian deposit money banks. The study intends to
determine the effect of audit fees on the audit quality of Nigeria deposit money banks.
The study used Ex-Post Facto research design. A total of thirteen (13) deposit money
banks were sampled. Data were taken from the sampled banks' annual reports and
accounts for the years 2010 - 2021. With the help of SPSS version 20.0, simple
regression analysis was conducted to test the assumptions. According to the findings,
audit fees has a direct but insignificant effect on the audit quality of listed Nigerian
deposit money institutions. The researcher therefore recommends that the auditor
should be remunerated on the basis of work experience, qualification, duration of the
audit assignment, and background profile
This document summarizes a study that empirically investigated the relationship between liquidity and profitability in Nigerian commercial banks. The study used secondary data from 10 years of annual reports of First Bank Nigeria PLC, the oldest and largest bank. Regression analysis found a very high correlation between liquidity and profitability, showing that liquidity is a determining factor in bank profitability. It was recommended that monetary authorities boost bank liquidity to increase loanable funds and profit, and that banks improve liquidity management to prevent insolvency.
The Assessment of Microfinance Banks’ Compliance to Stanley Morgan’s Internat...iosrjce
The study was conducted to determine the level of Microfinance Banks’ compliance to Stanley
Morgan’s International Benchmarks for Microfinance Institutions, the experience of Standard Microfinance
Bank Limited (SMFB), Yola, Nigeria. The study exclusively used data from secondary sources, consisting of
Standard Microfinance Bank’s financial statements and reports. Morgan Stanley’s methodology (model) for
assessing Microfinance Institutions’ Credit Risks performance rating was used to analyze the secondary data
collected. The study revealed that SMFB performed below expectation in most of the indicators. Based on the
findings of this study, Microfinance Banks (MFBs) are recommended to make Stanley Morgan’s Bench mark
indicators their guide for day to day operations. This will enable MFBs to be sustainable and easily meet up
with the requirements of international investors and donors agencies.
Audit Firm Rotation and Audit Report Lag in NigeriaIOSR Journals
Audit firm rotation and audit report lag has been a topical issue to regulators, investors, practitioners and the public at large. Hence, this study is designed to determine the relationship between audit firm rotation and audit report lag in Nigeria. Secondary data gathered from the 2011 annual reports of fifty (50) randomly selected companies, quoted on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) were employed in the study. The Ordinary Least Square technique (OLS) was used in the analysis of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The study reveals that audit fees, year–end and audit firm type all have positive relationship with audit report lag. The research also establishes that audit firm rotation and company size have a negative insignificant relationship with audit report lag.
This document summarizes a research study on the relationship between mandatory audit rotation and audit independence in Southern Nigeria. The study utilized questionnaires distributed to investors, lecturers, accountants, auditors and consultants in Southern Nigeria. The study found that mandatory audit rotation has a positive relationship with auditor independence. However, the study recommends that audit rotation should be made voluntary rather than mandatory to improve independence while also considering the costs of frequent rotation. The document provides background on audit failures that prompted concerns about independence and discusses arguments for and against mandatory rotation.
Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance Evidence from ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study determined the relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals, on return on investment. Data for this study were obtained from secondary sources only. The study adopted an ex post facto research design. The secondary data were obtained from annual reports of 22 listed banks in Nigeria Stock Exchange. The sample banks were obtained using the stratified sampling technique while the sample size was obtained using the random sampling technique. The variables that were considered in this study are financial reporting quality and corporate performance, which were represented by the effect of discretionary accruals, and non discretionary accruals on return on investment. Data analyses were carried out using Ordinary Least Square statistical tools with aid of E view 9 and the level of significance used to test the hypothesis was 5 . The findings show that there is negative but significant relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals and return on investment. Based on the findings, the study recommended that management of listed banks should ensure that they adopt best practices in financial reporting like Automated financial reporting solutions because there is direct relationship between abnormal accruals and return on investment. Anichukwu, Salome A | Ekwueme, Chizoba M "Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance: Evidence from Listed Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39835.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/39835/effect-of-financial-reporting-quality-on-corporate-performance-evidence-from-listed-banks-in-nigeria/anichukwu-salome-a
Financial Risk, Capital Adequacy and Liquidity Performance of Deposit Money B...ijtsrd
The objective of this study was to examine the effect of financial risk on liquidity performance of Deposit Money Banks DMBs in Nigeria, with capital adequacy as a moderator. The study specifically examined the mediating role of capital adequacy on the effect of operational risk, market risk and credit risk on liquidity performance. The study adopted the ex post facto research design as the goal was not to manipulate any variable but rather to establish effect and mediation. The population comprised listed Deposit Money Banks and the sample restricted to a purposive sample of ten 10 banks whose annual reports were accessible for the period of 13 years from 2010 2022 which was the time scope of this study. The data were analysed using structural equation model. The study found that capital adequacy does not significantly mediate the effect of operational, market and credit risks on liquidity performance. Based on these findings, the study recommended that Banks need to create a capital adequacy mechanism necessary for hedging against operating risks inherent in the financial market Banks need to develop a capital adequacy framework to guide them to optimally disclose their market risks, enhance the quality of their disclosure practices, improve the quality of their financial reports and more efficiently manage their liquidity The Nigerian Central Bank need to develop a statutory requirement that will demand a certain level of capital adequacy by the banks before granting a certain level of credit. Odinaka Frank Igbojindu | Gloria Ogochukwu Okafor | Chinedu Jonathan Ndubuisi "Financial Risk, Capital Adequacy and Liquidity Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd61356.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/61356/financial-risk-capital-adequacy-and-liquidity-performance-of-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria/odinaka-frank-igbojindu
The banking sector is seen as an important link between different stakeholders in the country by
taking funds from surplus units and channelling them to units that have deficits. Despite this important role, it is
observed that engagement in certain unethical practices has made the efforts of the firms in the sector to seem
useless.
The Implication of Corporate Governance on Financial Institution’s Performanc...Waqas Tariq
Application of business ethics is sine qua non to the concept of corporate governance. Corporate governance on it own has a very significant relationship with corporate performance. This is the thrust of this paper. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) bulletin of (2006) had asserted that disagreement between the board and management of financial institutions usually gives rise to board squabbles and ineffective board oversight functions. This is why the objective of this article is to determine the extent to which corporate governance practices impacts on financial institutions performance. To validate this assertion, a sample of thirty three financial institution listed on the Nigerian stock Exchange from 2004 to 2008 was used for this study. Multiple regressions Analysis and ordinary least square (OLS) method of estimation were applied. The results showed that there is a positive correlation between corporate governance practices and firms” performance. The other two performance proxies that is, Return on Equity and two corporate governance practices namely; the firms’ board size and audit committee also showed positive relationship. However, there was a negative relationship between the net profit margin, the firms’ board size and audit committee. The study could not establish a relationship between the two performance variables, namely; Return on Equity and Net profit Margin, and the executive officers’ status. In conclusion, the findings in this study are consistent with the findings of studies conducted in other countries that business ethics and good governance practices are the bed rock of optimum. It is recommended that corporate governance mechanisms be objectively structured to enhance optimal performance of corporate institutions in Nigeria.
Incessant financial scandals in the corporate organizations in nigeria audito...Alexander Decker
This document discusses auditors' culpability in financial scandals in Nigerian corporate organizations. It notes that several auditing firms have been implicated in falsifying or overstating financial information for their clients. The study examines factors that may compromise auditors' integrity and independence such as long-term relationships with clients, dependence on a single client for income, and lack of training. The document reviews literature documenting cases where auditors facilitated misleading financial reporting or failed to detect accounting irregularities. It aims to understand why fraud and irregularities still occur despite audits.
Altman Bankruptcy Prediction Model and Corporate Governance An Empirical Stud...ijtsrd
The implications of the Altman bankruptcy prediction model on deposit money banks corporate governance in Nigeria are the subject of this research. The majority of these studies were undertaken in both Nigeria and other nations, and just a few of the Nigerian studies conducted their research in corporate firms other than the banking sector, and only a few of these banking sector studies ended in 2013. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of research on bankruptcy and corporate governance in Nigeria. Meanwhile, considering the dynamic nature of Nigerian deposit money banks, all previous research relate to a specific time span. As a result, the impact of the Altman bankruptcy prediction model on the corporate governance of Nigerian deposit money institutions was investigated in this study. The study aims to determine the impact of the Altman bankruptcy forecasting model on board independence in Nigerian deposit money banks, as well as if the model has an impact on board size in Nigerian deposit money banks. It was decided to use an ex post facto study design. From a population of 22 banks in Nigeria, a sample size of 9 deposit money banks was chosen. Data was gathered from the sampled banks annual reports and accounts for the years 2009 to 2019. With the help of E View 9.0, the study used regression analysis to examine the hypotheses. The Altman bankruptcy forecasting model has a beneficial influence on board independence however this effect is not significantly significant on deposit money institutions in Nigeria, according to the data reviewed. It was also discovered that while the Altman bankruptcy predicting model has a positive effect on board size, this effect is not statistically significant in Nigerian deposit money banks. Ezejiofor, Raymond A | Okerekeoti, Chinedu U "Altman Bankruptcy Prediction Model and Corporate Governance: An Empirical Study of Nigerian Banks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46387.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/46387/altman-bankruptcy-prediction-model-and-corporate-governance-an-empirical-study-of-nigerian-banks/ezejiofor-raymond-a
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes adopting a system of Financial Statement Insurance (FSI) in Nigeria to help restore investor confidence in Nigerian banks. The paper argues that FSI could eliminate conflicts of interest between auditors and their bank clients by having independent insurance companies appoint and pay auditors. This would help ensure auditors provide accurate financial statements. The paper reviews issues like past bank failures in Nigeria due to problems like loans given without proper risk assessments. It argues FSI could improve financial statement quality and transparency, thus restoring trust in Nigerian banks among investors and the public.
This document examines the determinants of commercial bank profitability in Nigeria from 2000-2013 using panel data regression. It finds that asset quality, management efficiency, and economic growth are statistically significant determinants of profitability. Asset quality, in particular, is highly significant, concluding that credit risk is a major determinant of bank profitability. The study aims to assist bank regulators and managers in Nigeria to better understand factors influencing profitability and improve policies. It reviews theories and prior empirical research on determinants of bank profitability, such as capital adequacy, asset composition, regulation, and ownership structure.
Effect of Directors’ Tunneling on Financial Performance of Selected Listed De...ijtsrd
This study investigated the effect of directors’ tunneling on financial performance of selected listed Deposit Money banks in Nigeria. A sample of 10 Deposit Money banks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange for a period of 9 years from 2012 2020 was selected. Secondary method of data collection was adopted data was sourced from the Nigerian Stock Exchange fact book. This study applied the longitudinal research design. Data collected were analyzed using Ordinary Least Square regression Method. The results show that for Deposit money banks in Nigeria, directors’ remuneration has a positive insignificant effect on return on asset financial performance . This study therefore concluded that directors’ tunneling have an insignificant positive effect on financial performance of selected listed Deposit Money banks in Nigeria and recommended that regulators should make it mandatory for listed banks to clearly show all the remunerations and bonuses in monetary value on the annual reports and accounts to enable stakeholders determine the extent to which shareholders wealth maximization objective is in pursuit, thereby reducing the possibility of corporate tunneling. Amaka Silver Anah | Okenwa Cyprian Ogbodo | Akinroluyo Bankole Isaac "Effect of Directors’ Tunneling on Financial Performance of Selected Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49174.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/49174/effect-of-directors’-tunneling-on-financial-performance-of-selected-listed-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria/amaka-silver-anah
Given the continued poor performance experienced in the banking sector as indicated by high levels of credit risk, poor quality loans and high incidence of non-performing loans, in spite of the frequent reforms that various governments in Nigeria have embarked upon, there is the need to constantly examine and analyse the factors that could affect bank performance with the aim of providing empirical evidence based on which solutions can be proffered. The paper examined the impact of asset quality management on the performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The paper adopted the ECM and co-integration techniques using annual aggregate data sourced from the CBN and the NDIC publications for the period 1990-2013. The findings of the study indicate that the selected measures of asset quality have significant impact on all the three indicators of bank performance namely- return on equity, return on total assets and return on shareholders’ fund respectively. In addition, the results of the impulse response and variance decomposition show that own shocks from the performance indicators ROE, ROTA and ROSF account for a greater proportion of the forecast errors of the variables within the ten-year forecast period. In the light of the above, it is recommended that deposit money banks in Nigeria should intensify their efforts in designing and implementing good asset quality management policies in order to further improve on their performance. This can be through human capacity building for personnel in the form of frequent professional training as well as strict adherence to the prudential guidelines.
Forensic Accounting and Integrated Financial Reporting of Banks using HausmanIJAEMSJORNAL
This study examined forensic accounting and integrated financial reporting of listed banks in Ghana. The study aimed to examine forensic accounting effects on the integrated financial reporting of the listed banks. Its specific objectives determined the impact Litigations, Claims, Fraud cases reported, Cost of forensic investigation and Non-performing loans (LCFCN) have on integrated financial reporting variables such as corporate social responsibility – CSR. Integrated financial reporting (IFR) is the dependent variable while forensic accounting (FA) is the independent variable. In line with these stated objectives, five research questions and five hypotheses were formulated and it adopted the ex-post facto research design. The population of study constitutes 24 listed banks in Ghana, only 8 listed banks was selected through a purposive sampling. The data for the study was purely secondary and sourced from related books of the banks via Central Banks bulletin (Ghana), African financials and banks reports for a period of 16years from 2004-2020. Moreover, data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, the Shapiro -Wilk test for a diagnostic check for normality and a combination of the panel regression analysis with the Hausman test which aided appropriately specification whether the analysis should be done with a fixed effect or random effect model of which the fixed effect was used for the interpretation at (P 0.050 < 0.10). In nations analyzed, the results among others demonstrated that forensic accounting and integrated financial reporting were statistically significant at 1%, 5%, and 10% as claims is positive and have significant effect on CSR (β = 64687.53, P<0.10); Non-performing loans is statistically significant and had a negative effect on CSR (β = -2.934, P= 0.054 @ 0.10). The study hence concludes that the effective implementation of forensic accounting had a constructive and significant effect on the integrated financial reporting of listed banks in Ghana. The study recommends among others that the apex banks should mandate banks to incorporate forensic accounting when reassessing their employability skill set, report production, debt administration and management, and portray fairness virtue in their reporting system so as to attract more investment and positive public image.
Effect of Auditor Independence on Audit Quality: A Review of Literatureinventionjournals
Auditor independence and audit quality are two concepts that work inseparably. Many have argued that auditor independence begets audit quality and as such audit quality cannot be different from the system that produces it. This paper reviews literature related to auditor independence and audit quality in order to determine the effect of the former on the latter. The ex post facto research design is employed. Information for this study was obtained from secondary sources to include journals, text books and other internet materials. Based on the review, findings show that there is a strong relationship between auditor independence and audit quality. The review also revealed four threats to auditor independence, which are client importance, non-audit services (NAS), audit tenure, and client’s affiliation with CPA firms. However, some studies indicated a positive relationship while others showed contrary due to the type of study design employed, sample size, data collection instruments and analysis techniques used. Most of the studies on auditor independence and audit quality were centered on one or two of the threats and majorly done outside Nigeria. Even the ones done in Nigeria were focused on the banking sector. This review therefore, recommends that more investigations should be conducted in Nigeria taking into consideration the four major threats revealed and extend to other sectors like manufacturing, transport, media, education etc.
Characteristics of Nigerian Deposit Money Banks and Their Financial Outcomeijtsrd
The purpose of this research was to examine the connections between DMB profitability and various company characteristics in Nigeria. This study used panel data regression to evaluate five hypotheses on how market share, liquidity, credit risk, interest rate spread, and leverage affect bank profitability. Secondary data was gathered from the financial statements of the 19 deposit money banks listed on the international and local markets of the Nigerian Stock Exchange NSE between 2012 and 2021. The success of Nigerian banks is strongly influenced by their market share, liquidity, interest rate spread, and leverage. There was a connection between credit risk and ROA, however it was weak and not statistically significant. The report recommended that the Central Bank of Nigeria CBN create policies to enable banks increase their market share, rather than seeking to limit the number of firms in the banking sector. Dr. Confidence J. Ihenyen | Okpobo, Timinipre Joseph | Monron, Ezekiel Lawrence "Characteristics of Nigerian Deposit Money Banks and Their Financial Outcome" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56303.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/56303/characteristics-of-nigerian-deposit-money-banks-and-their-financial-outcome/dr-confidence-j-ihenyen
This document summarizes a study that investigated the determinants of commercial bank lending behavior in Nigeria. The study aimed to test how common factors like deposits, investments, interest rates, reserve requirements, and liquidity ratios affect bank lending. Regression analysis found the model to be significant, with deposits having the greatest impact on lending. The study suggests banks focus on deposit mobilization to enhance lending performance and develop strategic plans.
‘Six Sigma Technique’ A Journey Through its Implementationijtsrd
The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
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This document discusses the audit expectation gap problem in Nigeria. It aims to examine the perceptions of auditors, clients, and users of financial statements regarding the role of external auditors and factors contributing to expectation gaps. The factors studied are uncertainty about auditor responsibilities and independence, reliance on audit reports, and interpretations of audit report messages. The study uses a survey research design with 200 participants from auditing firms, banks, investment houses, and companies in Lagos, Enugu, and Abuja. The findings will help understand significant expectation gap factors in Nigeria and how to potentially address misunderstandings between auditors and report users.
AUDITOR’S FEES AND AUDIT QUALITY OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN NIGERIA.pdfOsarenrenAigienohuwa1
The research intensifies effort at determining whether auditor’s independence has any
impact on the audit quality of Nigerian deposit money banks. The study intends to
determine the effect of audit fees on the audit quality of Nigeria deposit money banks.
The study used Ex-Post Facto research design. A total of thirteen (13) deposit money
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This document summarizes a study that empirically investigated the relationship between liquidity and profitability in Nigerian commercial banks. The study used secondary data from 10 years of annual reports of First Bank Nigeria PLC, the oldest and largest bank. Regression analysis found a very high correlation between liquidity and profitability, showing that liquidity is a determining factor in bank profitability. It was recommended that monetary authorities boost bank liquidity to increase loanable funds and profit, and that banks improve liquidity management to prevent insolvency.
The Assessment of Microfinance Banks’ Compliance to Stanley Morgan’s Internat...iosrjce
The study was conducted to determine the level of Microfinance Banks’ compliance to Stanley
Morgan’s International Benchmarks for Microfinance Institutions, the experience of Standard Microfinance
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Audit Firm Rotation and Audit Report Lag in NigeriaIOSR Journals
Audit firm rotation and audit report lag has been a topical issue to regulators, investors, practitioners and the public at large. Hence, this study is designed to determine the relationship between audit firm rotation and audit report lag in Nigeria. Secondary data gathered from the 2011 annual reports of fifty (50) randomly selected companies, quoted on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) were employed in the study. The Ordinary Least Square technique (OLS) was used in the analysis of the relationship between the dependent and independent variables. The study reveals that audit fees, year–end and audit firm type all have positive relationship with audit report lag. The research also establishes that audit firm rotation and company size have a negative insignificant relationship with audit report lag.
This document summarizes a research study on the relationship between mandatory audit rotation and audit independence in Southern Nigeria. The study utilized questionnaires distributed to investors, lecturers, accountants, auditors and consultants in Southern Nigeria. The study found that mandatory audit rotation has a positive relationship with auditor independence. However, the study recommends that audit rotation should be made voluntary rather than mandatory to improve independence while also considering the costs of frequent rotation. The document provides background on audit failures that prompted concerns about independence and discusses arguments for and against mandatory rotation.
Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance Evidence from ...YogeshIJTSRD
This study determined the relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals, on return on investment. Data for this study were obtained from secondary sources only. The study adopted an ex post facto research design. The secondary data were obtained from annual reports of 22 listed banks in Nigeria Stock Exchange. The sample banks were obtained using the stratified sampling technique while the sample size was obtained using the random sampling technique. The variables that were considered in this study are financial reporting quality and corporate performance, which were represented by the effect of discretionary accruals, and non discretionary accruals on return on investment. Data analyses were carried out using Ordinary Least Square statistical tools with aid of E view 9 and the level of significance used to test the hypothesis was 5 . The findings show that there is negative but significant relationship between discretionary accruals, non discretionary accruals and return on investment. Based on the findings, the study recommended that management of listed banks should ensure that they adopt best practices in financial reporting like Automated financial reporting solutions because there is direct relationship between abnormal accruals and return on investment. Anichukwu, Salome A | Ekwueme, Chizoba M "Effect of Financial Reporting Quality on Corporate Performance: Evidence from Listed Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd39835.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/39835/effect-of-financial-reporting-quality-on-corporate-performance-evidence-from-listed-banks-in-nigeria/anichukwu-salome-a
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The objective of this study was to examine the effect of financial risk on liquidity performance of Deposit Money Banks DMBs in Nigeria, with capital adequacy as a moderator. The study specifically examined the mediating role of capital adequacy on the effect of operational risk, market risk and credit risk on liquidity performance. The study adopted the ex post facto research design as the goal was not to manipulate any variable but rather to establish effect and mediation. The population comprised listed Deposit Money Banks and the sample restricted to a purposive sample of ten 10 banks whose annual reports were accessible for the period of 13 years from 2010 2022 which was the time scope of this study. The data were analysed using structural equation model. The study found that capital adequacy does not significantly mediate the effect of operational, market and credit risks on liquidity performance. Based on these findings, the study recommended that Banks need to create a capital adequacy mechanism necessary for hedging against operating risks inherent in the financial market Banks need to develop a capital adequacy framework to guide them to optimally disclose their market risks, enhance the quality of their disclosure practices, improve the quality of their financial reports and more efficiently manage their liquidity The Nigerian Central Bank need to develop a statutory requirement that will demand a certain level of capital adequacy by the banks before granting a certain level of credit. Odinaka Frank Igbojindu | Gloria Ogochukwu Okafor | Chinedu Jonathan Ndubuisi "Financial Risk, Capital Adequacy and Liquidity Performance of Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd61356.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/61356/financial-risk-capital-adequacy-and-liquidity-performance-of-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria/odinaka-frank-igbojindu
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Application of business ethics is sine qua non to the concept of corporate governance. Corporate governance on it own has a very significant relationship with corporate performance. This is the thrust of this paper. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) bulletin of (2006) had asserted that disagreement between the board and management of financial institutions usually gives rise to board squabbles and ineffective board oversight functions. This is why the objective of this article is to determine the extent to which corporate governance practices impacts on financial institutions performance. To validate this assertion, a sample of thirty three financial institution listed on the Nigerian stock Exchange from 2004 to 2008 was used for this study. Multiple regressions Analysis and ordinary least square (OLS) method of estimation were applied. The results showed that there is a positive correlation between corporate governance practices and firms” performance. The other two performance proxies that is, Return on Equity and two corporate governance practices namely; the firms’ board size and audit committee also showed positive relationship. However, there was a negative relationship between the net profit margin, the firms’ board size and audit committee. The study could not establish a relationship between the two performance variables, namely; Return on Equity and Net profit Margin, and the executive officers’ status. In conclusion, the findings in this study are consistent with the findings of studies conducted in other countries that business ethics and good governance practices are the bed rock of optimum. It is recommended that corporate governance mechanisms be objectively structured to enhance optimal performance of corporate institutions in Nigeria.
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This document discusses auditors' culpability in financial scandals in Nigerian corporate organizations. It notes that several auditing firms have been implicated in falsifying or overstating financial information for their clients. The study examines factors that may compromise auditors' integrity and independence such as long-term relationships with clients, dependence on a single client for income, and lack of training. The document reviews literature documenting cases where auditors facilitated misleading financial reporting or failed to detect accounting irregularities. It aims to understand why fraud and irregularities still occur despite audits.
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The implications of the Altman bankruptcy prediction model on deposit money banks corporate governance in Nigeria are the subject of this research. The majority of these studies were undertaken in both Nigeria and other nations, and just a few of the Nigerian studies conducted their research in corporate firms other than the banking sector, and only a few of these banking sector studies ended in 2013. Furthermore, there is a scarcity of research on bankruptcy and corporate governance in Nigeria. Meanwhile, considering the dynamic nature of Nigerian deposit money banks, all previous research relate to a specific time span. As a result, the impact of the Altman bankruptcy prediction model on the corporate governance of Nigerian deposit money institutions was investigated in this study. The study aims to determine the impact of the Altman bankruptcy forecasting model on board independence in Nigerian deposit money banks, as well as if the model has an impact on board size in Nigerian deposit money banks. It was decided to use an ex post facto study design. From a population of 22 banks in Nigeria, a sample size of 9 deposit money banks was chosen. Data was gathered from the sampled banks annual reports and accounts for the years 2009 to 2019. With the help of E View 9.0, the study used regression analysis to examine the hypotheses. The Altman bankruptcy forecasting model has a beneficial influence on board independence however this effect is not significantly significant on deposit money institutions in Nigeria, according to the data reviewed. It was also discovered that while the Altman bankruptcy predicting model has a positive effect on board size, this effect is not statistically significant in Nigerian deposit money banks. Ezejiofor, Raymond A | Okerekeoti, Chinedu U "Altman Bankruptcy Prediction Model and Corporate Governance: An Empirical Study of Nigerian Banks" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46387.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/46387/altman-bankruptcy-prediction-model-and-corporate-governance-an-empirical-study-of-nigerian-banks/ezejiofor-raymond-a
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes adopting a system of Financial Statement Insurance (FSI) in Nigeria to help restore investor confidence in Nigerian banks. The paper argues that FSI could eliminate conflicts of interest between auditors and their bank clients by having independent insurance companies appoint and pay auditors. This would help ensure auditors provide accurate financial statements. The paper reviews issues like past bank failures in Nigeria due to problems like loans given without proper risk assessments. It argues FSI could improve financial statement quality and transparency, thus restoring trust in Nigerian banks among investors and the public.
This document examines the determinants of commercial bank profitability in Nigeria from 2000-2013 using panel data regression. It finds that asset quality, management efficiency, and economic growth are statistically significant determinants of profitability. Asset quality, in particular, is highly significant, concluding that credit risk is a major determinant of bank profitability. The study aims to assist bank regulators and managers in Nigeria to better understand factors influencing profitability and improve policies. It reviews theories and prior empirical research on determinants of bank profitability, such as capital adequacy, asset composition, regulation, and ownership structure.
Effect of Directors’ Tunneling on Financial Performance of Selected Listed De...ijtsrd
This study investigated the effect of directors’ tunneling on financial performance of selected listed Deposit Money banks in Nigeria. A sample of 10 Deposit Money banks listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange for a period of 9 years from 2012 2020 was selected. Secondary method of data collection was adopted data was sourced from the Nigerian Stock Exchange fact book. This study applied the longitudinal research design. Data collected were analyzed using Ordinary Least Square regression Method. The results show that for Deposit money banks in Nigeria, directors’ remuneration has a positive insignificant effect on return on asset financial performance . This study therefore concluded that directors’ tunneling have an insignificant positive effect on financial performance of selected listed Deposit Money banks in Nigeria and recommended that regulators should make it mandatory for listed banks to clearly show all the remunerations and bonuses in monetary value on the annual reports and accounts to enable stakeholders determine the extent to which shareholders wealth maximization objective is in pursuit, thereby reducing the possibility of corporate tunneling. Amaka Silver Anah | Okenwa Cyprian Ogbodo | Akinroluyo Bankole Isaac "Effect of Directors’ Tunneling on Financial Performance of Selected Listed Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-2 , February 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49174.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/49174/effect-of-directors’-tunneling-on-financial-performance-of-selected-listed-deposit-money-banks-in-nigeria/amaka-silver-anah
Given the continued poor performance experienced in the banking sector as indicated by high levels of credit risk, poor quality loans and high incidence of non-performing loans, in spite of the frequent reforms that various governments in Nigeria have embarked upon, there is the need to constantly examine and analyse the factors that could affect bank performance with the aim of providing empirical evidence based on which solutions can be proffered. The paper examined the impact of asset quality management on the performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The paper adopted the ECM and co-integration techniques using annual aggregate data sourced from the CBN and the NDIC publications for the period 1990-2013. The findings of the study indicate that the selected measures of asset quality have significant impact on all the three indicators of bank performance namely- return on equity, return on total assets and return on shareholders’ fund respectively. In addition, the results of the impulse response and variance decomposition show that own shocks from the performance indicators ROE, ROTA and ROSF account for a greater proportion of the forecast errors of the variables within the ten-year forecast period. In the light of the above, it is recommended that deposit money banks in Nigeria should intensify their efforts in designing and implementing good asset quality management policies in order to further improve on their performance. This can be through human capacity building for personnel in the form of frequent professional training as well as strict adherence to the prudential guidelines.
Forensic Accounting and Integrated Financial Reporting of Banks using HausmanIJAEMSJORNAL
This study examined forensic accounting and integrated financial reporting of listed banks in Ghana. The study aimed to examine forensic accounting effects on the integrated financial reporting of the listed banks. Its specific objectives determined the impact Litigations, Claims, Fraud cases reported, Cost of forensic investigation and Non-performing loans (LCFCN) have on integrated financial reporting variables such as corporate social responsibility – CSR. Integrated financial reporting (IFR) is the dependent variable while forensic accounting (FA) is the independent variable. In line with these stated objectives, five research questions and five hypotheses were formulated and it adopted the ex-post facto research design. The population of study constitutes 24 listed banks in Ghana, only 8 listed banks was selected through a purposive sampling. The data for the study was purely secondary and sourced from related books of the banks via Central Banks bulletin (Ghana), African financials and banks reports for a period of 16years from 2004-2020. Moreover, data were analyzed using the descriptive statistics, the Shapiro -Wilk test for a diagnostic check for normality and a combination of the panel regression analysis with the Hausman test which aided appropriately specification whether the analysis should be done with a fixed effect or random effect model of which the fixed effect was used for the interpretation at (P 0.050 < 0.10). In nations analyzed, the results among others demonstrated that forensic accounting and integrated financial reporting were statistically significant at 1%, 5%, and 10% as claims is positive and have significant effect on CSR (β = 64687.53, P<0.10); Non-performing loans is statistically significant and had a negative effect on CSR (β = -2.934, P= 0.054 @ 0.10). The study hence concludes that the effective implementation of forensic accounting had a constructive and significant effect on the integrated financial reporting of listed banks in Ghana. The study recommends among others that the apex banks should mandate banks to incorporate forensic accounting when reassessing their employability skill set, report production, debt administration and management, and portray fairness virtue in their reporting system so as to attract more investment and positive public image.
Effect of Auditor Independence on Audit Quality: A Review of Literatureinventionjournals
Auditor independence and audit quality are two concepts that work inseparably. Many have argued that auditor independence begets audit quality and as such audit quality cannot be different from the system that produces it. This paper reviews literature related to auditor independence and audit quality in order to determine the effect of the former on the latter. The ex post facto research design is employed. Information for this study was obtained from secondary sources to include journals, text books and other internet materials. Based on the review, findings show that there is a strong relationship between auditor independence and audit quality. The review also revealed four threats to auditor independence, which are client importance, non-audit services (NAS), audit tenure, and client’s affiliation with CPA firms. However, some studies indicated a positive relationship while others showed contrary due to the type of study design employed, sample size, data collection instruments and analysis techniques used. Most of the studies on auditor independence and audit quality were centered on one or two of the threats and majorly done outside Nigeria. Even the ones done in Nigeria were focused on the banking sector. This review therefore, recommends that more investigations should be conducted in Nigeria taking into consideration the four major threats revealed and extend to other sectors like manufacturing, transport, media, education etc.
Characteristics of Nigerian Deposit Money Banks and Their Financial Outcomeijtsrd
The purpose of this research was to examine the connections between DMB profitability and various company characteristics in Nigeria. This study used panel data regression to evaluate five hypotheses on how market share, liquidity, credit risk, interest rate spread, and leverage affect bank profitability. Secondary data was gathered from the financial statements of the 19 deposit money banks listed on the international and local markets of the Nigerian Stock Exchange NSE between 2012 and 2021. The success of Nigerian banks is strongly influenced by their market share, liquidity, interest rate spread, and leverage. There was a connection between credit risk and ROA, however it was weak and not statistically significant. The report recommended that the Central Bank of Nigeria CBN create policies to enable banks increase their market share, rather than seeking to limit the number of firms in the banking sector. Dr. Confidence J. Ihenyen | Okpobo, Timinipre Joseph | Monron, Ezekiel Lawrence "Characteristics of Nigerian Deposit Money Banks and Their Financial Outcome" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56303.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/accounting-and-finance/56303/characteristics-of-nigerian-deposit-money-banks-and-their-financial-outcome/dr-confidence-j-ihenyen
This document summarizes a study that investigated the determinants of commercial bank lending behavior in Nigeria. The study aimed to test how common factors like deposits, investments, interest rates, reserve requirements, and liquidity ratios affect bank lending. Regression analysis found the model to be significant, with deposits having the greatest impact on lending. The study suggests banks focus on deposit mobilization to enhance lending performance and develop strategic plans.
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The manufacturing industries all over the world are facing tough challenges for growth, development and sustainability in today’s competitive environment. They have to achieve apex position by adapting with the global competitive environment by delivering goods and services at low cost, prime quality and better price to increase wealth and consumer satisfaction. Cost Management ensures profit, growth and sustainability of the business with implementation of Continuous Improvement Technique like Six Sigma. This leads to optimize Business performance. The method drives for customer satisfaction, low variation, reduction in waste and cycle time resulting into a competitive advantage over other industries which did not implement it. The main objective of this paper ‘Six Sigma Technique A Journey Through Its Implementation’ is to conceptualize the effectiveness of Six Sigma Technique through the journey of its implementation. Aditi Sunilkumar Ghosalkar "‘Six Sigma Technique’: A Journey Through its Implementation" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64546.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64546/‘six-sigma-technique’-a-journey-through-its-implementation/aditi-sunilkumar-ghosalkar
Edge Computing in Space Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space...ijtsrd
Edge computing, a paradigm that involves processing data closer to its source, has gained significant attention for its potential to revolutionize data processing and communication in space missions. With the increasing complexity and data volume generated by modern space missions, traditional centralized computing approaches face challenges related to latency, bandwidth, and security. Edge computing in space, involving on board processing and analysis of data, offers promising solutions to these challenges. This paper explores the concept of edge computing in space, its benefits, applications, and future prospects in enhancing space missions. Manish Verma "Edge Computing in Space: Enhancing Data Processing and Communication for Space Missions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64541.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/64541/edge-computing-in-space-enhancing-data-processing-and-communication-for-space-missions/manish-verma
Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India Challenges and Prospectsijtsrd
Communal politics in India has evolved through centuries, weaving a complex tapestry shaped by historical legacies, colonial influences, and contemporary socio political transformations. This research comprehensively examines the dynamics of communal politics in 21st century India, emphasizing its historical roots, socio political dynamics, economic implications, challenges, and prospects for mitigation. The historical perspective unravels the intricate interplay of religious identities and power dynamics from ancient civilizations to the impact of colonial rule, providing insights into the evolution of communalism. The socio political dynamics section delves into the contemporary manifestations, exploring the roles of identity politics, socio economic disparities, and globalization. The economic implications section highlights how communal politics intersects with economic issues, perpetuating disparities and influencing resource allocation. Challenges posed by communal politics are scrutinized, revealing multifaceted issues ranging from social fragmentation to threats against democratic values. The prospects for mitigation present a multifaceted approach, incorporating policy interventions, community engagement, and educational initiatives. The paper conducts a comparative analysis with international examples, identifying common patterns such as identity politics and economic disparities. It also examines unique challenges, emphasizing Indias diverse religious landscape, historical legacy, and secular framework. Lessons for effective strategies are drawn from international experiences, offering insights into inclusive policies, interfaith dialogue, media regulation, and global cooperation. By scrutinizing historical epochs, contemporary dynamics, economic implications, and international comparisons, this research provides a comprehensive understanding of communal politics in India. The proposed strategies for mitigation underscore the importance of a holistic approach to foster social harmony, inclusivity, and democratic values. Rose Hossain "Dynamics of Communal Politics in 21st Century India: Challenges and Prospects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64528.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/history/64528/dynamics-of-communal-politics-in-21st-century-india-challenges-and-prospects/rose-hossain
Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in...ijtsrd
Background and Objective Telehealth has become a well known tool for the delivery of health care in Saudi Arabia, and the perspective and knowledge of healthcare providers are influential in the implementation, adoption and advancement of the method. This systematic review was conducted to examine the current literature base regarding telehealth and the related healthcare professional perspective and knowledge in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods This systematic review was conducted by searching 7 databases including, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, and ProQuest Central. Studies on healthcare practitioners telehealth knowledge and perspectives published in English in Saudi Arabia from 2000 to 2023 were included. Boland directed this comprehensive review. The researchers examined each connected study using the AXIS tool, which evaluates cross sectional systematic reviews. Narrative synthesis was used to summarise and convey the data. Results Out of 1840 search results, 10 studies were included. Positive outlook and limited knowledge among providers were seen across trials. Healthcare professionals like telehealth for its ability to improve quality, access, and delivery, save time and money, and be successful. Age, gender, occupation, and work experience also affect health workers knowledge. In Saudi Arabia, healthcare professionals face inadequate expert assistance, patient privacy, internet connection concerns, lack of training courses, lack of telehealth understanding, and high costs while performing telemedicine. Conclusions Healthcare practitioners telehealth perceptions and knowledge were examined in this systematic study. Its collection of concerned experts different personal attitudes and expertise would help enhance telehealths implementation in Saudi Arabia, develop its healthcare delivery alternative, and eliminate frequent problems. Badriah Mousa I Mulayhi | Dr. Jomin George | Judy Jenkins "Assess Perspective and Knowledge of Healthcare Providers Towards Elehealth in Saudi Arabia: A Systematic Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64535.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/64535/assess-perspective-and-knowledge-of-healthcare-providers-towards-elehealth-in-saudi-arabia-a-systematic-review/badriah-mousa-i-mulayhi
The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion ...ijtsrd
The impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has gained considerable attention in recent years. The adoption of digital technologies and the internet has resulted in declining influence and power for traditional gatekeepers such as publishing houses and news organizations. Simultaneously, digital media has facilitated the emergence of new voices and players in the media industry. Digital medias impact on power decentralization and gatekeeper erosion is visible in several ways. One significant aspect is the democratization of information, which enables anyone with an internet connection to publish and share content globally, leading to citizen journalism and bypassing traditional gatekeepers. Another aspect is the disruption of conventional media industry business models, as traditional organizations struggle to adjust to the decrease in advertising revenue and the rise of digital platforms. Alternative business models, such as subscription models and crowdfunding, have become more prevalent, leading to the emergence of new players. Overall, the impact of digital media on the distribution of power and the weakening of traditional gatekeepers has brought about significant changes in the media landscape and the way information is shared. Further research is required to fully comprehend the implications of these changes and their impact on society. Dr. Kusum Lata "The Impact of Digital Media on the Decentralization of Power and the Erosion of Traditional Gatekeepers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64544.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64544/the-impact-of-digital-media-on-the-decentralization-of-power-and-the-erosion-of-traditional-gatekeepers/dr-kusum-lata
Online Voices, Offline Impact Ambedkars Ideals and Socio Political Inclusion ...ijtsrd
This research investigates the nexus between online discussions on Dr. B.R. Ambedkars ideals and their impact on social inclusion among college students in Gurugram, Haryana. Surveying 240 students from 12 government colleges, findings indicate that 65 actively engage in online discussions, with 80 demonstrating moderate to high awareness of Ambedkars ideals. Statistically significant correlations reveal that higher online engagement correlates with increased awareness p 0.05 and perceived social inclusion. Variations across colleges and a notable effect of college type on perceived social inclusion highlight the influence of contextual factors. Furthermore, the intersectional analysis underscores nuanced differences based on gender, caste, and socio economic status. Dr. Kusum Lata "Online Voices, Offline Impact: Ambedkar's Ideals and Socio-Political Inclusion - A Study of Gurugram District" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64543.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/64543/online-voices-offline-impact-ambedkars-ideals-and-sociopolitical-inclusion--a-study-of-gurugram-district/dr-kusum-lata
Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship A Studyijtsrd
Noting calls for contextualizing Agro entrepreneurs problems and challenges of the agro entrepreneurs and for greater attention to the Role of entrepreneurs in agro entrepreneurship research, we conduct a systematic literature review of extent research in agriculture entrepreneurship to overcome the study objectives of complications of agro entrepreneurs through various factors, Development of agriculture products is a key factor for the overall economic growth of agro entrepreneurs Agro Entrepreneurs produces firsthand large scale employment, utilizes the labor and natural resources, This research outlines the problems of Weather and Soil Erosions, Market price fluctuation, stimulates labor cost problems, reduces concentration of Price volatility, Dependency on Intermediaries, induces Limited Bargaining Power, and Storage and Transportation Costs. This paper mainly devoted to highlight Problems and challenges faced for the sustainable of Agro Entrepreneurs in India. Vinay Prasad B "Problems and Challenges of Agro Entreprenurship - A Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64540.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64540/problems-and-challenges-of-agro-entreprenurship--a-study/vinay-prasad-b
Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies o...ijtsrd
Disclosure is a process through which a business enterprise communicates with external parties. A corporate disclosure is communication of financial and non financial information of the activities of a business enterprise to the interested entities. Corporate disclosure is done through publishing annual reports. So corporate disclosure through annual reports plays a vital role in the life of all the companies and provides valuable information to investors. The basic objectives of corporate disclosure is to give a true and fair view of companies to the parties related either directly or indirectly like owner, government, creditors, shareholders etc. in the companies act, provisions have been made about mandatory and voluntary disclosure. The IT sector in India is rapidly growing, the trend to invest in the IT sector is rising and employment opportunities in IT sectors are also increasing. Therefore the IT sector is expected to have fair, full and adequate disclosure of all information. Unfair and incomplete disclosure may adversely affect the entire economy. A research study on disclosure practices of IT companies could play an important role in this regard. Hence, the present research study has been done to study and review comparative analysis of total corporate disclosure of selected IT companies of India and to put forward overall findings and suggestions with a view to increase disclosure score of these companies. The researcher hopes that the present research study will be helpful to all selected Companies for improving level of corporate disclosure through annual reports as well as the government, creditors, investors, all business organizations and upcoming researcher for comparative analyses of level of corporate disclosure with special reference to selected IT companies. Dr. Vaibhavi D. Thaker "Comparative Analysis of Total Corporate Disclosure of Selected IT Companies of India" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64539.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/64539/comparative-analysis-of-total-corporate-disclosure-of-selected-it-companies-of-india/dr-vaibhavi-d-thaker
The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Right...ijtsrd
This study investigated the impact of educational background and professional training on human rights awareness among secondary school teachers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra, India. The key findings reveal that higher levels of education, particularly a master’s degree, and fields of study related to education, humanities, or social sciences are associated with greater human rights awareness among teachers. Additionally, both pre service teacher training and in service professional development programs focused on human rights education significantly enhance teacher’s knowledge, skills, and competencies in promoting human rights principles in their classrooms. Baig Ameer Bee Mirza Abdul Aziz | Dr. Syed Azaz Ali Amjad Ali "The Impact of Educational Background and Professional Training on Human Rights Awareness among Secondary School Teachers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64529.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64529/the-impact-of-educational-background-and-professional-training-on-human-rights-awareness-among-secondary-school-teachers/baig-ameer-bee-mirza-abdul-aziz
A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at t...ijtsrd
“One Language sets you in a corridor for life. Two languages open every door along the way” Frank Smith English as a foreign language or as a second language has been ruling in India since the period of Lord Macaulay. But the question is how much we teach or learn English properly in our culture. Is there any scope to use English as a language rather than a subject How much we learn or teach English without any interference of mother language specially in the classroom teaching learning scenario in West Bengal By considering all these issues the researcher has attempted in this article to focus on the effective teaching learning process comparing to other traditional strategies in the field of English curriculum at the secondary level to investigate whether they fulfill the present teaching learning requirements or not by examining the validity of the present curriculum of English. The purpose of this study is to focus on the effectiveness of the systematic, scientific, sequential and logical transaction of the course between the teachers and the learners in the perspective of the 5Es programme that is engage, explore, explain, extend and evaluate. Sanchali Mondal | Santinath Sarkar "A Study on the Effective Teaching Learning Process in English Curriculum at the Secondary Level of West Bengal" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd62412.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/62412/a-study-on-the-effective-teaching-learning-process-in-english-curriculum-at-the-secondary-level-of-west-bengal/sanchali-mondal
The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching ...ijtsrd
This paper reports on a study which was conducted to investigate the role of mentoring and its influence on the effectiveness of the teaching of Physics in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. The study adopted the convergent parallel mixed methods design, focusing on respondents in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. Both quantitative and qualitative data were collected, analysed separately, and the results were compared to see if the findings confirm or disconfirm each other. The quantitative analysis found that majority of the respondents 72 of Physics teachers affirmed that they had more experienced colleagues as mentors to help build their confidence, improve their teaching, and help them improve their effectiveness and efficiency in guiding learners’ achievements. Only 28 of the respondents disagreed with these statements. With majority respondents 72 agreeing with the statements, it implies that in most secondary schools, experienced Physics teachers act as mentors to build teachers’ confidence in teaching and improving students’ learning. The interview qualitative data analysis summarized how secondary school Principals use meetings with mentors and mentees to promote mentorship in the school milieu. This has helped strengthen teachers’ classroom practices in secondary schools in the South West Region of Cameroon. With the results confirming each other, the study recommends that mentoring should focus on helping teachers employ social interactions and instructional practices feedback and clarity in teaching that have direct measurable impact on students’ learning achievements. Andrew Ngeim Sumba | Frederick Ebot Ashu | Peter Agborbechem Tambi "The Role of Mentoring and Its Influence on the Effectiveness of the Teaching of Physics in Secondary Schools in the South West Region of Cameroon" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64524.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/management-development/64524/the-role-of-mentoring-and-its-influence-on-the-effectiveness-of-the-teaching-of-physics-in-secondary-schools-in-the-south-west-region-of-cameroon/andrew-ngeim-sumba
Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino Microcontroller Bas...ijtsrd
This study primarily focuses on the design of a high side buck converter using an Arduino microcontroller. The converter is specifically intended for use in DC DC applications, particularly in standalone solar PV systems where the PV output voltage exceeds the load or battery voltage. To evaluate the performance of the converter, simulation experiments are conducted using Proteus Software. These simulations provide insights into the input and output voltages, currents, powers, and efficiency under different state of charge SoC conditions of a 12V,70Ah rechargeable lead acid battery. Additionally, the hardware design of the converter is implemented, and practical data is collected through operation, monitoring, and recording. By comparing the simulation results with the practical results, the efficiency and performance of the designed converter are assessed. The findings indicate that while the buck converter is suitable for practical use in standalone PV systems, its efficiency is compromised due to a lower output current. Chan Myae Aung | Dr. Ei Mon "Design Simulation and Hardware Construction of an Arduino-Microcontroller Based DC-DC High-Side Buck Converter for Standalone PV System" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64518.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/64518/design-simulation-and-hardware-construction-of-an-arduinomicrocontroller-based-dcdc-highside-buck-converter-for-standalone-pv-system/chan-myae-aung
Sustainable Energy by Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadikuijtsrd
Energy becomes sustainable if it meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. Some of the definitions of sustainable energy include the considerations of environmental aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions, social, and economic aspects such as energy poverty. Generally far more sustainable than fossil fuel are renewable energy sources such as wind, hydroelectric power, solar, and geothermal energy sources. Worthy of note is that some renewable energy projects, like the clearing of forests to produce biofuels, can cause severe environmental damage. The sustainability of nuclear power which is a low carbon source is highly debated because of concerns about radioactive waste, nuclear proliferation, and accidents. The switching from coal to natural gas has environmental benefits, including a lower climate impact, but could lead to delay in switching to more sustainable options. “Carbon capture and storage” can be built into power plants to remove the carbon dioxide CO2 emissions, but this technology is expensive and has rarely been implemented. Leading non renewable energy sources around the world is fossil fuels, coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Nuclear energy is usually considered another non renewable energy source, although nuclear energy itself is a renewable energy source, but the material used in nuclear power plants is not. The paper addresses the issue of sustainable energy, its attendant benefits to the future generation, and humanity in general. Paul A. Adekunte | Matthew N. O. Sadiku | Janet O. Sadiku "Sustainable Energy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64534.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/64534/sustainable-energy/paul-a-adekunte
Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations Executive Regulations and Stand...ijtsrd
This paper aims to outline the executive regulations, survey standards, and specifications required for the implementation of the Sudan Survey Act, and for regulating and organizing all surveying work activities in Sudan. The act has been discussed for more than 5 years. The Land Survey Act was initiated by the Sudan Survey Authority and all official legislations were headed by the Sudan Ministry of Justice till it was issued in 2022. The paper presents conceptual guidelines to be used for the Survey Act implementation and to regulate the survey work practice, standardizing the field surveys, processing, quality control, procedures, and the processes related to survey work carried out by the stakeholders and relevant authorities in Sudan. The conceptual guidelines are meant to improve the quality and harmonization of geospatial data and to aid decision making processes as well as geospatial information systems. The established comprehensive executive regulations will govern and regulate the implementation of the Sudan Survey Geomatics Act in all surveying and mapping practices undertaken by the Sudan Survey Authority SSA and state local survey departments for public or private sector organizations. The targeted standards and specifications include the reference frame, projection, coordinate systems, and the guidelines and specifications that must be followed in the field of survey work, processes, and mapping products. In the last few decades, there has been a growing awareness of the importance of geomatics activities and measurements on the Earths surface in space and time, together with observing and mapping the changes. In such cases, data must be captured promptly, standardized, and obtained with more accuracy and specified in much detail. The paper will also highlight the current situation in Sudan, the degree to which survey standards are used, the problems encountered, and the errors that arise from not using the standards and survey specifications. Kamal A. A. Sami "Concepts for Sudan Survey Act Implementations - Executive Regulations and Standards" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63484.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63484/concepts-for-sudan-survey-act-implementations--executive-regulations-and-standards/kamal-a-a-sami
Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model Khartoum Sta...ijtsrd
The discussions between ellipsoid and geoid have invoked many researchers during the recent decades, especially during the GNSS technology era, which had witnessed a great deal of development but still geoid undulation requires more investigations. To figure out a solution for Sudans local geoid, this research has tried to intake the possibility of determining the geoid model by following two approaches, gravimetric and geometrical geoid model determination, by making use of GNSS leveling benchmarks at Khartoum state. The Benchmarks are well distributed in the study area, in which, the horizontal coordinates and the height above the ellipsoid have been observed by GNSS while orthometric heights were carried out using precise leveling. The Global Geopotential Model GGM represented in EGM2008 has been exploited to figure out the geoid undulation at the benchmarks in the study area. This is followed by a fitting process, that has been done to suit the geoid undulation data which has been computed using GNSS leveling data and geoid undulation inspired by the EGM2008. Two geoid surfaces were created after the fitting process to ensure that they are identical and both of them could be counted for getting the same geoid undulation with an acceptable accuracy. In this respect, statistical operation played an important role in ensuring the consistency and integrity of the model by applying cross validation techniques splitting the data into training and testing datasets for building the geoid model and testing its eligibility. The geometrical solution for geoid undulation computation has been utilized by applying straightforward equations that facilitate the calculation of the geoid undulation directly through applying statistical techniques for the GNSS leveling data of the study area to get the common equation parameters values that could be utilized to calculate geoid undulation of any position in the study area within the claimed accuracy. Both systems were checked and proved eligible to be used within the study area with acceptable accuracy which may contribute to solving the geoid undulation problem in the Khartoum area, and be further generalized to determine the geoid model over the entire country, and this could be considered in the future, for regional and continental geoid model. Ahmed M. A. Mohammed. | Kamal A. A. Sami "Towards the Implementation of the Sudan Interpolated Geoid Model (Khartoum State Case Study)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63483.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/63483/towards-the-implementation-of-the-sudan-interpolated-geoid-model-khartoum-state-case-study/ahmed-m-a-mohammed
Activating Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment Mapijtsrd
Sudan is witnessing an acceleration in the processes of development and transformation in the performance of government institutions to raise the productivity and investment efficiency of the government sector. The development plans and investment opportunities have focused on achieving national goals in various sectors. This paper aims to illuminate the path to the future and provide geospatial data and information to develop the investment climate and environment for all sized businesses, and to bridge the development gap between the Sudan states. The Sudan Survey Authority SSA is the main advisor to the Sudan Government in conducting surveying, mappings, designing, and developing systems related to geospatial data and information. In recent years, SSA made a strategic partnership with the Ministry of Investment to activate Geospatial Information for Sudans Sustainable Investment and in particular, for the preparation and implementation of the Sudan investment map, based on the directives and objectives of the Ministry of Investment MI in Sudan. This paper comes within the framework of activating the efforts of the Ministry of Investment to develop technical investment services by applying techniques adopted by the Ministry and its strategic partners for advancing investment processes in the country. Kamal A. A. Sami "Activating Geospatial Information for Sudan's Sustainable Investment Map" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63482.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/information-technology/63482/activating-geospatial-information-for-sudans-sustainable-investment-map/kamal-a-a-sami
Educational Unity Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Societyijtsrd
In a rapidly changing global landscape, the importance of education as a unifying force cannot be overstated. This paper explores the crucial role of educational unity in fostering a stronger and more inclusive society through the embrace of diversity. By examining the benefits of diverse learning environments, the paper aims to highlight the positive impact on societal strength. The discussion encompasses various dimensions, from curriculum design to classroom dynamics, and emphasizes the need for educational institutions to become catalysts for unity in diversity. It highlights the need for a paradigm shift in educational policies, curricula, and pedagogical approaches to ensure that they are reflective of the diverse fabric of society. This paper also addresses the challenges associated with implementing inclusive educational practices and offers practical strategies for overcoming barriers. It advocates for collaborative efforts between educational institutions, policymakers, and communities to create a supportive ecosystem that promotes diversity and unity. Mr. Amit Adhikari | Madhumita Teli | Gopal Adhikari "Educational Unity: Embracing Diversity for a Stronger Society" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64525.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/64525/educational-unity-embracing-diversity-for-a-stronger-society/mr-amit-adhikari
Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management Prospects and...ijtsrd
The diversity of indigenous knowledge systems in India is vast and can vary significantly between different communities and regions. Preserving and respecting these knowledge systems is crucial for maintaining cultural heritage, promoting sustainable practices, and fostering cross cultural understanding. In this paper, an overview of the prospects and challenges associated with incorporating Indian indigenous knowledge into management is explored. It is found that IIKS helps in management in many areas like sustainable development, tourism, food security, natural resource management, cultural preservation and innovation, etc. However, IIKS integration with management faces some challenges in the form of a lack of documentation, cultural sensitivity, language barriers legal framework, etc. Savita Lathwal "Integration of Indian Indigenous Knowledge System in Management: Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63500.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/63500/integration-of-indian-indigenous-knowledge-system-in-management-prospects-and-challenges/savita-lathwal
DeepMask Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in...ijtsrd
The COVID 19 pandemic has highlighted the crucial need of preventive measures, with widespread use of face masks being a key method for slowing the viruss spread. This research investigates face mask identification using deep learning as a technological solution to be reducing the risk of coronavirus transmission. The proposed method uses state of the art convolutional neural networks CNNs and transfer learning to automatically recognize persons who are not wearing masks in a variety of circumstances. We discuss how this strategy improves public health and safety by providing an efficient manner of enforcing mask wearing standards. The report also discusses the obstacles, ethical concerns, and prospective applications of face mask detection systems in the ongoing fight against the pandemic. Dilip Kumar Sharma | Aaditya Yadav "DeepMask: Transforming Face Mask Identification for Better Pandemic Control in the COVID-19 Era" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd64522.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/64522/deepmask-transforming-face-mask-identification-for-better-pandemic-control-in-the-covid19-era/dilip-kumar-sharma
Streamlining Data Collection eCRF Design and Machine Learningijtsrd
Efficient and accurate data collection is paramount in clinical trials, and the design of Electronic Case Report Forms eCRFs plays a pivotal role in streamlining this process. This paper explores the integration of machine learning techniques in the design and implementation of eCRFs to enhance data collection efficiency. We delve into the synergies between eCRF design principles and machine learning algorithms, aiming to optimize data quality, reduce errors, and expedite the overall data collection process. The application of machine learning in eCRF design brings forth innovative approaches to data validation, anomaly detection, and real time adaptability. This paper discusses the benefits, challenges, and future prospects of leveraging machine learning in eCRF design for streamlined and advanced data collection in clinical trials. Dhanalakshmi D | Vijaya Lakshmi Kannareddy "Streamlining Data Collection: eCRF Design and Machine Learning" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-8 | Issue-1 , February 2024, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd63515.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biotechnology/63515/streamlining-data-collection-ecrf-design-and-machine-learning/dhanalakshmi-d
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Effect of Audit Quality on Financial Performance Evidence from Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
1. International Journal of Trend in
International Open Access Journal
ISSN No: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
Effect of Audit Quality
Evidence from
Ezejiofor, Raymond A.
Department of Accountancy, Nnamdi Azikiwe
University, Awka, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
This study investigates the effect of audit quality on
the financial performance of deposit money banks in
Nigeria. The study adopted ex post facto research
design, data for the study were collected from annual
reports and accounts of quoted Nigerian deposit
money banks. Regression analysis and coefficient
correlation were employed to test the formulated
hypotheses. Findings revealed that there is a
significant effect between audit quality and financial
performance of Nigerian deposit money banks. Based
on this, the study recommends among others that the
management of deposit money banks in Nigeria
should increase the number of foreign directors that
have skills, experience and would like to protect their
integrity, reputation and professional competence.
Keyword: Audit Quality, Financial Performance,
Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
INTRODUCTION
The financial statement audit is a monitoring
mechanism that assists in reducing the information
asymmetry and protects the interests of the various
stakeholders by providing them reasonable assurance
that the financial statements are free from material
misstatements. Meanwhile, the societal role of
auditors is a key contribution to financial
performance, in terms of reducing t
significant misstatements and by ensuring that the
financial statements are elaborated according to
fundamental rules and regulations, hence, lower risks
on misstatements increase confidence in capital
markets, which in turn lowers the firms co
(Heil, 2012; Watts and Zimmerman, 1986).
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
International Open Access Journal | www.ijtsrd.com
ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | Volume - 2 | Issue – 6 | Sep
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2018
f Audit Quality on Financial Performance
from Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria
.
Nnamdi Azikiwe
Nigeria
Erhirhie, Felix E.
Department of Accountancy
University, Awka
This study investigates the effect of audit quality on
the financial performance of deposit money banks in
Nigeria. The study adopted ex post facto research
design, data for the study were collected from annual
ts and accounts of quoted Nigerian deposit
money banks. Regression analysis and coefficient
correlation were employed to test the formulated
hypotheses. Findings revealed that there is a
significant effect between audit quality and financial
Nigerian deposit money banks. Based
on this, the study recommends among others that the
management of deposit money banks in Nigeria
should increase the number of foreign directors that
have skills, experience and would like to protect their
putation and professional competence.
Audit Quality, Financial Performance,
The financial statement audit is a monitoring
mechanism that assists in reducing the information
interests of the various
stakeholders by providing them reasonable assurance
that the financial statements are free from material
misstatements. Meanwhile, the societal role of
auditors is a key contribution to financial
performance, in terms of reducing the risks of
significant misstatements and by ensuring that the
financial statements are elaborated according to
fundamental rules and regulations, hence, lower risks
on misstatements increase confidence in capital
markets, which in turn lowers the firms cost of capital
(Heil, 2012; Watts and Zimmerman, 1986).
Audit quality plays a significant role in maintaining
an efficient market environment and independent
quality audit underpins confidence in the credibility
and integrity of financial statements
for well-functioning markets and enhanced financial
performance (Farouk & Hassan, 2014
Banks and other financial intermediaries are the heart
of the world's recent financial crises. The
deterioration of their asset portfolios, coupled
fraudulent acts of presenting fictitious financial
statements and lack of adherence to corporate
governance principles largely due to distorted credit
management, were some of the main structural
sources of the crises (Sanusi, 2010; Kashif, 2008;
Fries, Neven & Sea bright, 2002). This draws the
attention of the public and investors to see the board
of directors as the major actor responsible for the
failure of corporations, both in developed and
developing nations. In fact, board of directors are
criticized for being responsible for mismanagement of
shareholders’ wealth, both in developed and
developing economies, more especially, in Nigeria
where this study is being conducted. They are seen as
the fore-runner or prime factor for the fraud cases that
had resulted in the failure of major corporations, such
as Enron Corporation, Tyco International, WorldCom,
Global Crossing, Arthur Anderson, Marconi,
Parmalat, Oceanic bank plc, Wema bank plc,
NAMPAK, Fin bank, Spring bank, Afribank,
Intercontinental bank, Bank PHB and Cadbury PLC in
Nigeria (Adeyemi & Fagbemi, 2011; Ogbonna &
Ebimobowei, 2011; Ajibolade, 2008).
The questionable role of auditor's in ensuring the
quality, reliability and credibility of financial
Research and Development (IJTSRD)
www.ijtsrd.com
6 | Sep – Oct 2018
Oct 2018 Page: 1235
n Financial Performance:
n Nigeria
Erhirhie, Felix E.
Department of Accountancy, Nnamdi Azikiwe
niversity, Awka, Nigeria
Audit quality plays a significant role in maintaining
an efficient market environment and independent
quality audit underpins confidence in the credibility
and integrity of financial statements which is essential
functioning markets and enhanced financial
Farouk & Hassan, 2014).
Banks and other financial intermediaries are the heart
of the world's recent financial crises. The
deterioration of their asset portfolios, coupled with
fraudulent acts of presenting fictitious financial
statements and lack of adherence to corporate
governance principles largely due to distorted credit
management, were some of the main structural
sources of the crises (Sanusi, 2010; Kashif, 2008;
bright, 2002). This draws the
attention of the public and investors to see the board
of directors as the major actor responsible for the
failure of corporations, both in developed and
developing nations. In fact, board of directors are
icized for being responsible for mismanagement of
shareholders’ wealth, both in developed and
developing economies, more especially, in Nigeria
where this study is being conducted. They are seen as
runner or prime factor for the fraud cases that
ad resulted in the failure of major corporations, such
as Enron Corporation, Tyco International, WorldCom,
Global Crossing, Arthur Anderson, Marconi,
Parmalat, Oceanic bank plc, Wema bank plc,
NAMPAK, Fin bank, Spring bank, Afribank,
Bank PHB and Cadbury PLC in
Nigeria (Adeyemi & Fagbemi, 2011; Ogbonna &
Ebimobowei, 2011; Ajibolade, 2008).
The questionable role of auditor's in ensuring the
quality, reliability and credibility of financial
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
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performance has been a debate. This is becau
auditor's independence from their clients can be
compromised or impaired through poor regulation of
the auditing practice. Provision of non-
to the client, auditor's personal interest in the client's
business among others. Thus effective
qualities (usually designated as apparent quality) are
necessary for auditing to produce beneficial effects as
a monitoring device.
There is a limited study on the significant measures of
audit quality and those of financial performance of
deposit money banks in Nigeria. This makes the
present study imperative and necessary at the moment
as it seeks to fill the gap by investigating the effect of
audit quality on financial performance of deposit
money banks in Nigeria.
The aim of the study is to statistically examine the
effect of audit quality on financial performance of
quoted deposit money banks in Nigeria.
objectives of the study are;
1. To determine the effect of audit committee size on
return on equity of quoted Nigerian deposi
banks.
2. To examine the extent of which audit committee
independent affect return on equity of quoted
Nigerian deposit money banks.
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Conceptual Framework
Audit Quality
Okaro, Okafor and Ofoegbu (2015) assert that audit
quality is market-assessed joint probability that an
auditor will both discover a breach in the client
accounting system and also report the breach, this
means that the auditor has both the technical
competence to detect any material errors during the
audit process, and the independence to ensure that
material errors and omissions are corrected or
disclosed in the auditor’s report. In a like manner,
Jackson, Moldrich and Roebuck (2008) view the
quality of audits from actual and perceived quality.
DeZoort, Hermanson, Archambeault and Reed (2002)
assert that larger audit firms are better than smaller
audit firms at detecting errors because they have
greater resources at their disposal and can attract
employees with superior skills and experience.
quality therefore seems as auditors use some technics
to recognize misstatements in clients accounting
system and report the misstatements. Audit quality is
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2018
performance has been a debate. This is because
auditor's independence from their clients can be
compromised or impaired through poor regulation of
- audit services
to the client, auditor's personal interest in the client's
business among others. Thus effective and perceived
qualities (usually designated as apparent quality) are
necessary for auditing to produce beneficial effects as
There is a limited study on the significant measures of
audit quality and those of financial performance of
eposit money banks in Nigeria. This makes the
present study imperative and necessary at the moment
as it seeks to fill the gap by investigating the effect of
audit quality on financial performance of deposit
to statistically examine the
udit quality on financial performance of
quoted deposit money banks in Nigeria. The Specific
To determine the effect of audit committee size on
return on equity of quoted Nigerian deposit money
To examine the extent of which audit committee
independent affect return on equity of quoted
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
Okaro, Okafor and Ofoegbu (2015) assert that audit
assessed joint probability that an
auditor will both discover a breach in the client
accounting system and also report the breach, this
means that the auditor has both the technical
competence to detect any material errors during the
t process, and the independence to ensure that
material errors and omissions are corrected or
disclosed in the auditor’s report. In a like manner,
Jackson, Moldrich and Roebuck (2008) view the
quality of audits from actual and perceived quality.
Hermanson, Archambeault and Reed (2002)
assert that larger audit firms are better than smaller
audit firms at detecting errors because they have
greater resources at their disposal and can attract
employees with superior skills and experience. Audit
y therefore seems as auditors use some technics
to recognize misstatements in clients accounting
system and report the misstatements. Audit quality is
that controversial issues for the recent decades and
most previous evidence suggests that lack of audit
quality is among the most important reason for
financial and corporate scandals (Soltani, 2014).
Actual quality shows levels of risk of material errors
in financial statements that can be reduced by the
auditor. Perceived quality indicates the level of
confidence of users in financial statement and the
auditor’s effectiveness in reducing material
misstatement in financial statements prepared by
management. Titman and Trueman (1986) see audit
quality as the accuracy of the information reported by
auditors. DeAngelo definition captures the role played
by auditors in financial statement preparation. Hence,
audit quality combines the ability of an auditor to
detect a breach (auditor competence) and a
willingness to report such a breach (auditor
independence).
However, the Financial Reporting Council (FRC)
(2006b) considers five factors that influence audit
quality to includes: audit firm culture, skills and
personal qualities of audit partners and staff, the
effectiveness of the audit process, and the reliability
and usefulness of audit reporting, amongst factor that
are exogenous to the auditors.
Consequently, larger firms are able to conduct their
audits to a higher standard than smaller firms. Thus
audit quality (AQ) is dichotomous in nature and the
size of audit firm (Big four or non
used as a proxy for audit quality
2015). Further, this variable equals 1 if the external
auditor of a deposit money bank in Nigeria is among
the Big four (Deloitte, Ernst and Young, Price
Coopers and KPMG) and 0 if otherwise.
Composition of the Audit Committee
Based on the Audit Committee, on the one hand
internal auditing contribute to corporate governance
by bringing best practice ideas of internal controls and
risk management processes to the audit committee;
providing information about any fraudulent activit
or irregularities; conducting annual audits and
reporting the results to the audit committee;
encouraging audit committee in conducting periodic
reviews of its activities and practices
Nweze, Ezeh & Nze, 2015). From the other hand,
effective audit committees strengthen the position of
the internal audit function by providing an
independent and supportive environment and review
the effectiveness of the internal audit function
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Oct 2018 Page: 1236
that controversial issues for the recent decades and
most previous evidence suggests that lack of audit
uality is among the most important reason for
financial and corporate scandals (Soltani, 2014).
Actual quality shows levels of risk of material errors
in financial statements that can be reduced by the
auditor. Perceived quality indicates the level of
idence of users in financial statement and the
auditor’s effectiveness in reducing material
misstatement in financial statements prepared by
management. Titman and Trueman (1986) see audit
quality as the accuracy of the information reported by
Angelo definition captures the role played
by auditors in financial statement preparation. Hence,
audit quality combines the ability of an auditor to
detect a breach (auditor competence) and a
willingness to report such a breach (auditor
wever, the Financial Reporting Council (FRC)
(2006b) considers five factors that influence audit
quality to includes: audit firm culture, skills and
personal qualities of audit partners and staff, the
effectiveness of the audit process, and the reliability
and usefulness of audit reporting, amongst factor that
Consequently, larger firms are able to conduct their
audits to a higher standard than smaller firms. Thus
audit quality (AQ) is dichotomous in nature and the
dit firm (Big four or non-Big four) will be
used as a proxy for audit quality (Ejeagbasi, et al,
. Further, this variable equals 1 if the external
auditor of a deposit money bank in Nigeria is among
the Big four (Deloitte, Ernst and Young, Price Water
Coopers and KPMG) and 0 if otherwise.
Composition of the Audit Committee
Based on the Audit Committee, on the one hand
internal auditing contribute to corporate governance
by bringing best practice ideas of internal controls and
risk management processes to the audit committee;
providing information about any fraudulent activities
or irregularities; conducting annual audits and
reporting the results to the audit committee;
encouraging audit committee in conducting periodic
reviews of its activities and practices (Ejeagbasi,
. From the other hand,
e audit committees strengthen the position of
the internal audit function by providing an
independent and supportive environment and review
the effectiveness of the internal audit function
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
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(Theofanis, George, Evaggelos & Ioannis, 2010). The
code provided for an audit committee that is expected
to be effective and efficient. As such the composition
of the audit committee is a dichotomous variable,
assigned 1 if there are at least three non
directors on the audit committee, otherwise o.
Financial Performance
There are several aspects of performance, each of
which contributes to the overall performance in an
organization. Despite the evolution of various
available benchmarks and performance measurement,
the answer to what is performance may still b
pin down. The banking sector aims for strong
performance, but few banks worry about what
constitutes such performance. The current run up of
the stock market, at a time when corporate profits are
fast declining, raises the question of whether or
banks are doing satisfactory good job for their
shareholders (Ghouri & Khan, 2011).
Hansen and Mowen (2005), states that firm
performance is very essential to management as it is
an outcome which has been achieved by an individual
or a group of individuals in an organization related to
its authority and responsibility in achieving the goal
legally, not against the law, and conforming to the
morale and ethic. Performance is the function of the
ability of an organization to gain and manage the
resources in several different ways to develop
competitive advantage.
The main objective of financial performance
measuring is to determine the operating and financial
characteristics and the efficiency and performance of
economic unity management, as reflected in
financial records and reports (Amalendu, 2010).
Akinsulire, (2008) and Pandy (2003) points out that
no performance review is beyond dispute, for
instance, reported profit is a matter of opinion. If
income is to be measured in terms of the increase or
decrease in the wealth of an enterprise, obviously
some definitions of that stock of wealth is required.
Akinsulire, (2008) and Pandy, (2003) measures
wealth in three categories; as financial capital
equity stake in an enterprise in money terms; rea
financial capital, the equity stake in an enterprise in
real terms (the proprietary concept); operating
capacity capital, the ability of the enterprise to
maintain its ability to provide goods and services (the
entity concept). Hunger and Wheelan (1997)
performance as the end result of activity and the
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2018
(Theofanis, George, Evaggelos & Ioannis, 2010). The
or an audit committee that is expected
to be effective and efficient. As such the composition
of the audit committee is a dichotomous variable,
assigned 1 if there are at least three non – executive
directors on the audit committee, otherwise o.
There are several aspects of performance, each of
which contributes to the overall performance in an
organization. Despite the evolution of various
available benchmarks and performance measurement,
the answer to what is performance may still be hard to
pin down. The banking sector aims for strong
performance, but few banks worry about what
constitutes such performance. The current run up of
the stock market, at a time when corporate profits are
fast declining, raises the question of whether or not
banks are doing satisfactory good job for their
Hansen and Mowen (2005), states that firm
performance is very essential to management as it is
an outcome which has been achieved by an individual
iduals in an organization related to
its authority and responsibility in achieving the goal
legally, not against the law, and conforming to the
morale and ethic. Performance is the function of the
ability of an organization to gain and manage the
in several different ways to develop
The main objective of financial performance
measuring is to determine the operating and financial
characteristics and the efficiency and performance of
economic unity management, as reflected in the
financial records and reports (Amalendu, 2010).
Akinsulire, (2008) and Pandy (2003) points out that
no performance review is beyond dispute, for
instance, reported profit is a matter of opinion. If
income is to be measured in terms of the increase or
decrease in the wealth of an enterprise, obviously
some definitions of that stock of wealth is required.
Akinsulire, (2008) and Pandy, (2003) measures
wealth in three categories; as financial capital – the
equity stake in an enterprise in money terms; real
financial capital, the equity stake in an enterprise in
real terms (the proprietary concept); operating
capacity capital, the ability of the enterprise to
maintain its ability to provide goods and services (the
entity concept). Hunger and Wheelan (1997) suggest
performance as the end result of activity and the
appropriate measure selected to assess corporate
performance is considered to depend on the type of
organization to be evaluated and the objectives to be
achieved through that evaluation.
In addition, measuring performance is very important
because it builds on the results, make different
decisions in economic units. According to (Benjalux,
2006) performance measures are the life blood of
economic units, since without them no decisions can
be made. Financial performance Measure is one of the
important performance measures for economic units.
Financial performance measures are used as the
indicators to evaluate the success of economic units in
achieving stated strategies, objectives and critical
success factors (Katja, 2009).
Performance measurement is therefore the process
whereby an organization establishes the parameters
within which programmes, investments, outputs and
acquisitions are reaching the desired results (Hunger
& Wheelan, 1997). They f
performance measurement involves ongoing data
collection to determine if a program is implementing
activities and achieving objectives, the ongoing
monitoring and reporting of program
accomplishments, particularly progress toward pre
established goals (This is typically conducted by
program or agency management) and a system for
assessing performance of development interventions
against stated goals. From the above, it could be
affirmed that performance measurement is a measure
or evaluation of achievement with predetermined or
expected target of an organization. It can also be
looked at as the process whereby a company
establishes the parameters within which
achievements, programmes, investments, outputs and
acquisitions are reaching the desired results.
Review of related Studies
Farouk and Hassan (2014) examined the impact of
audit quality on financial performance of quoted firms
in Nigeria. Multiple regression analysis was employed
in analyzing the data and testing the stated
hypotheses. The results of the findings shows that
auditor size and auditor independence have significant
impacts on the financial performance of quoted
cement firms in Nigeria. However, auditor
independence has more influence than auditor size on
financial performance.
Moutinho (2012) investigated the relationship
between audit fees and firm performance. Using a
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Oct 2018 Page: 1237
appropriate measure selected to assess corporate
performance is considered to depend on the type of
organization to be evaluated and the objectives to be
achieved through that evaluation.
ion, measuring performance is very important
because it builds on the results, make different
decisions in economic units. According to (Benjalux,
2006) performance measures are the life blood of
economic units, since without them no decisions can
Financial performance Measure is one of the
important performance measures for economic units.
Financial performance measures are used as the
indicators to evaluate the success of economic units in
achieving stated strategies, objectives and critical
Performance measurement is therefore the process
whereby an organization establishes the parameters
within which programmes, investments, outputs and
acquisitions are reaching the desired results (Hunger
& Wheelan, 1997). They further explain that
performance measurement involves ongoing data
collection to determine if a program is implementing
activities and achieving objectives, the ongoing
monitoring and reporting of program
accomplishments, particularly progress toward pre-
tablished goals (This is typically conducted by
program or agency management) and a system for
assessing performance of development interventions
against stated goals. From the above, it could be
affirmed that performance measurement is a measure
tion of achievement with predetermined or
expected target of an organization. It can also be
looked at as the process whereby a company
establishes the parameters within which
achievements, programmes, investments, outputs and
desired results.
Farouk and Hassan (2014) examined the impact of
audit quality on financial performance of quoted firms
in Nigeria. Multiple regression analysis was employed
in analyzing the data and testing the stated
s. The results of the findings shows that
auditor size and auditor independence have significant
impacts on the financial performance of quoted
cement firms in Nigeria. However, auditor
independence has more influence than auditor size on
Moutinho (2012) investigated the relationship
between audit fees and firm performance. Using a
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
sample of U.S. publicly traded, non-financial firms
covering the period from 2000 to 2008, a fixed effects
model is presented to estimate firm operating
performance. The model included standard control
variables, such as size, leverage, sales growth and
research and development intensity. In addition,
measures of corporate governance were introduced.
Specifically, increases (decreases) in operating
performance are connected with decreases (increases)
in audit fees.
Ziaee (2014) examined the relationship between audit
quality and financial performance of companies in
Iran. For this population the financial manager is
accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange and
have been selected. Using primary data, he found that
audit quality could affect the financial performance of
companies.
Okoye, Okaro and Okafor (2015) studied corporate
governance factors that affect audit quality, some of
which if addressed will help in stemming the tide of
audit failures. The study used secondary data
extracted from the annual reports of a sample of 104
companies randomly selected from a population of
134 of non-bank companies listed in the Nigerian
Stock Exchange, they concluded that small board size
and greater board diligence impact positively on audit
quality.
Yuniarti (2011) investigated the relation between
factors that affect audit quality of 24 Bandung firm at
2009. He suggest that higher audit fees increase and
improve audit quality due to auditors effort and
accounting firm should enhance amount of audit fees
that lead to higher audit quality. He also found that
audit fees is significantly and positively affect audit
quality.
Hoitash, Markelevich, & Barragato (2007) examined
the relationship between audit fees and audit quality.
Their paper show that fees paid to auditor can impact
in way; large fees paid to auditor increases quality of
audit. Higher audit fees are related to non
service makes auditors more dependent on their
clients. In their study, they examined audit fees for
period of 2000 to 2003 and found that there is a
significant positive relationship between audit fees
and audit quality.
Modugu, Erahbhe and Ikhatua (2012) examine the
relationship between audit delay and company
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2018
financial firms
covering the period from 2000 to 2008, a fixed effects
model is presented to estimate firm operating
erformance. The model included standard control
variables, such as size, leverage, sales growth and
research and development intensity. In addition,
measures of corporate governance were introduced.
Specifically, increases (decreases) in operating
nce are connected with decreases (increases)
Ziaee (2014) examined the relationship between audit
quality and financial performance of companies in
For this population the financial manager is
accepted in Tehran Stock Exchange and 2008 to 2012
have been selected. Using primary data, he found that
audit quality could affect the financial performance of
Okoye, Okaro and Okafor (2015) studied corporate
governance factors that affect audit quality, some of
will help in stemming the tide of
audit failures. The study used secondary data
extracted from the annual reports of a sample of 104
companies randomly selected from a population of
bank companies listed in the Nigerian
cluded that small board size
and greater board diligence impact positively on audit
Yuniarti (2011) investigated the relation between
factors that affect audit quality of 24 Bandung firm at
2009. He suggest that higher audit fees increase and
rove audit quality due to auditors effort and
accounting firm should enhance amount of audit fees
that lead to higher audit quality. He also found that
audit fees is significantly and positively affect audit
(2007) examined
the relationship between audit fees and audit quality.
Their paper show that fees paid to auditor can impact
in way; large fees paid to auditor increases quality of
audit. Higher audit fees are related to non- audit
ore dependent on their
clients. In their study, they examined audit fees for
period of 2000 to 2003 and found that there is a
significant positive relationship between audit fees
Modugu, Erahbhe and Ikhatua (2012) examine the
ip between audit delay and company
characteristics in Nigeria. A sample of 20 quoted
companies was selected for a period of 2009 to 2011
Ordinary Least Square technique was adopted in the
analysis. The result revealed that multi
connections of companies, company size and audit
fees paid to auditors are the major determinants of
audit delay in Nigeria. Also the paper revealed that
audit report lag for each of the companies takes a
minimum of 30 days and a maximum of 276 days for
Nigerian companies to publish their annual reports.
Nigeria listed companies take approximately two
months on the average beyond their financial position
date before they are finally ready for the presentation
of the audited accounts to the shareholders at the
annual general meetings.
Fagbemi and Uadiale (2011) study used a sample of
forty-five audited financial statements of quoted
companies. The data collected were analyzed using
descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed
that the average number of days fo
reports are ready after the year end is one hundred and
forty-one days. The earliest time for which audit
report is made ready after year end is thirty
afterwards. The result indicates a relationship between
corporate reporting timelineness and company
affiliation with a foreign entity. However, the results
found no correlation between timeliness of financial
statements, business complexity and business
leverage.
Iyoha (2012) study the impact of company attributes
on the timeliness of financial reports in Nigeria a
sample of 61 companies’ annual reports for ten (10)
years were selected. The data were analyzed and
results estimated using Ordinary Least Square (OLS)
Regression. The findings reveal that the age of
company is the major company attribute that
influences the overall quality of timeliness of
financial reports. It was also observed a significant
difference in the timeliness of financial reporting
among industrial sectors.
Egbunike and Abiahu (2017)
audit firm characteristics on financial performance of
money deposit banks in Nigeria. Specifically the
study shall determine the effect of audit quality, audit
fee, and audit report lag on return on assets of
Nigerian banks. Next, ascertain the effect o
quality, audit fee, and audit report lag on earnings per
share of Nigerian banks. And finally, examine the
effect of audit quality, audit fee, and audit report lag
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Oct 2018 Page: 1238
characteristics in Nigeria. A sample of 20 quoted
companies was selected for a period of 2009 to 2011
Ordinary Least Square technique was adopted in the
analysis. The result revealed that multi-nationality
companies, company size and audit
fees paid to auditors are the major determinants of
audit delay in Nigeria. Also the paper revealed that
audit report lag for each of the companies takes a
minimum of 30 days and a maximum of 276 days for
s to publish their annual reports.
Nigeria listed companies take approximately two
months on the average beyond their financial position
date before they are finally ready for the presentation
of the audited accounts to the shareholders at the
Fagbemi and Uadiale (2011) study used a sample of
five audited financial statements of quoted
companies. The data collected were analyzed using
descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings revealed
that the average number of days for which financial
reports are ready after the year end is one hundred and
one days. The earliest time for which audit
report is made ready after year end is thirty-one days
afterwards. The result indicates a relationship between
imelineness and company
affiliation with a foreign entity. However, the results
found no correlation between timeliness of financial
statements, business complexity and business
Iyoha (2012) study the impact of company attributes
ss of financial reports in Nigeria a
sample of 61 companies’ annual reports for ten (10)
years were selected. The data were analyzed and
results estimated using Ordinary Least Square (OLS)
Regression. The findings reveal that the age of
r company attribute that
influences the overall quality of timeliness of
financial reports. It was also observed a significant
difference in the timeliness of financial reporting
determine the effect of
audit firm characteristics on financial performance of
money deposit banks in Nigeria. Specifically the
study shall determine the effect of audit quality, audit
fee, and audit report lag on return on assets of
Nigerian banks. Next, ascertain the effect of audit
quality, audit fee, and audit report lag on earnings per
share of Nigerian banks. And finally, examine the
effect of audit quality, audit fee, and audit report lag
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
on net profit margin of Nigerian banks. The study
adopted the ex post facto and correlational research
design. The study population comprised all money
deposit banks in existence as at 2015 financial year
end. The study finds that audit quality has a
significant effect on return on assets of Nigerian
banks; Audit fee and audit report lag
significant effect on return on assets, earnings per
share and net profit margin of Nigerian banks.
Oladipupo (2011) investigated the extent of audit lag
in Nigeria. Forty companies were selected. Both
univariate and multivariate analyses were per
on the data collected. The study observed that; audit
delay ranged from 16 to 284 days; Nigeria listed
companies take approximately four months on the
average beyond their balance sheet date before they
are finally ready for the presentation of the
accounts to the shareholders; That profitability, total
assets, total debt, total equity, audit fees and industry
type have no significant impact on audit delay.
Bouaziz (2012), examined the relationship between
auditor size and financial performance on a sample of
26 Tunisian firms listed on the Tunis Stock Exchange.
The result shows that auditor size has an important
impact on the financial performance of firms in terms
of return on assets and return on equity.
Miettinen (2011) examined the relationship between
audit quality and financial performance. Audit quality
was measured using auditor size and audit committee
meeting frequency. The result shows that audit quality
has both a direct effect as well as a mediated effect
through audit size on financial performance. The
results imply that measures of audit quality are not
merely symbolic but that they contribute to financial
performance.
Anderson and Verma (2012), examined the
relationship between auditor size, auditor tenure and
audit firm rotation using a probit model which they
developed. The data they collected from 2,148 listed
Asian companies shows that big audit firms provide
high quality audit because big audit firms are more
conservative than non-big audit firms. They also
discovered that national level factors have a strong
influence on audit quality. Auditor tenure is
associated with impaired audit quality and audit firm
rotation can help promote audit quality.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2018
on net profit margin of Nigerian banks. The study
elational research
design. The study population comprised all money
deposit banks in existence as at 2015 financial year
end. The study finds that audit quality has a
significant effect on return on assets of Nigerian
banks; Audit fee and audit report lag had no
significant effect on return on assets, earnings per
share and net profit margin of Nigerian banks.
Oladipupo (2011) investigated the extent of audit lag
in Nigeria. Forty companies were selected. Both
univariate and multivariate analyses were performed
on the data collected. The study observed that; audit
delay ranged from 16 to 284 days; Nigeria listed
companies take approximately four months on the
average beyond their balance sheet date before they
are finally ready for the presentation of the audited
accounts to the shareholders; That profitability, total
assets, total debt, total equity, audit fees and industry
type have no significant impact on audit delay.
Bouaziz (2012), examined the relationship between
nce on a sample of
26 Tunisian firms listed on the Tunis Stock Exchange.
The result shows that auditor size has an important
impact on the financial performance of firms in terms
tionship between
audit quality and financial performance. Audit quality
was measured using auditor size and audit committee
meeting frequency. The result shows that audit quality
has both a direct effect as well as a mediated effect
inancial performance. The
results imply that measures of audit quality are not
merely symbolic but that they contribute to financial
Anderson and Verma (2012), examined the
relationship between auditor size, auditor tenure and
tion using a probit model which they
developed. The data they collected from 2,148 listed
Asian companies shows that big audit firms provide
high quality audit because big audit firms are more
big audit firms. They also
t national level factors have a strong
influence on audit quality. Auditor tenure is
associated with impaired audit quality and audit firm
Woodland and Reynolds (2003) examined the
association between indirect meas
and financial statement analysis using multivariate
regression analysis. They found that audit fees is
positively associated with financial statements but do
not find evidence that auditor size, tenure or industry
specialization are associated with audit quality in the
directions predicted. Their results provide new
evidence as to the current usefulness of these indirect
measures in predicting audit quality.
Zureigat (2010) examined the effect of financial
structure among Jordanian l
quality. Using a sample of 198 companies, his
analysis of logistic regression shows a significant
positive relationship between audit quality and
financial structure.
Nam (2011), examined the relationship between audit
fees as a proxy for auditor independence and audit
quality of firms in New Zealand. Employing three
multiple regression models for a sample of New
Zealand companies, his study discovered that the
provision of non-audit services by the auditors of a
firm comprises the auditor’s independence, abnormal
audit fee change rate is negatively associated with
audit quality and auditor’s independence of the
previous year impacts on the audit fee that is
negotiated in the current year.
Musa and Shehu (2014) examine the impact of a
quality on financial performance of quoted firms in
Nigeria. The study is descriptive in nature and the
correlational and ex-post facto designs were adopted
in carrying out this research. Data were obtained
basically from the published annual reports
accounts, and notes to the financial statements of the
four firms that represent the sample of the study. The
data collected were quantified and presented in tables.
Multiple regression analysis using the SPSS Version
15.0 was employed in analyzing the
the stated hypotheses. The results of the findings
shows that auditor size and auditor independence have
significant impacts on the financial performance of
quoted cement firms in Nigeria. However, auditor
independence has more influence
financial performance.
Temple, Ofurum and Egbe (2016)
influence of audit committee characteristics on quality
of financial reporting in listed Nigerian banks. The
study used documentary records gotten from the
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Oct 2018 Page: 1239
Woodland and Reynolds (2003) examined the
association between indirect measures of audit quality
and financial statement analysis using multivariate
regression analysis. They found that audit fees is
positively associated with financial statements but do
not find evidence that auditor size, tenure or industry
ssociated with audit quality in the
directions predicted. Their results provide new
evidence as to the current usefulness of these indirect
measures in predicting audit quality.
Zureigat (2010) examined the effect of financial
structure among Jordanian listed firms on audit
quality. Using a sample of 198 companies, his
analysis of logistic regression shows a significant
positive relationship between audit quality and
Nam (2011), examined the relationship between audit
y for auditor independence and audit
quality of firms in New Zealand. Employing three
multiple regression models for a sample of New
Zealand companies, his study discovered that the
audit services by the auditors of a
ditor’s independence, abnormal
audit fee change rate is negatively associated with
audit quality and auditor’s independence of the
previous year impacts on the audit fee that is
xamine the impact of audit
quality on financial performance of quoted firms in
Nigeria. The study is descriptive in nature and the
post facto designs were adopted
in carrying out this research. Data were obtained
basically from the published annual reports and
accounts, and notes to the financial statements of the
four firms that represent the sample of the study. The
data collected were quantified and presented in tables.
Multiple regression analysis using the SPSS Version
15.0 was employed in analyzing the data and testing
the stated hypotheses. The results of the findings
shows that auditor size and auditor independence have
significant impacts on the financial performance of
quoted cement firms in Nigeria. However, auditor
independence has more influence than auditor size on
Temple, Ofurum and Egbe (2016) examine the
influence of audit committee characteristics on quality
of financial reporting in listed Nigerian banks. The
study used documentary records gotten from the
6. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
financial statements of fifteen twelve-monthly reports
and accounts of the banks whose stocks are traded in
the Nigerian Stock Exchange as at December 31,
2014. The research design utilized in this dissertation
is correlation research design. The investigator
adopted Jones (1991) modified model which provided
the measure for earnings management which is the
representation for quality of financial reporting. The
test of hypotheses and other breakdown of data were
empirically completed by SPSS statistic 22.0. The
outcomes of the study depicted that audit committee
“independence has no significant effect on earnings
management in quoted Nigerian banks.
Matoke and Omwenga (2016) sought to establish the
relationship between audit quality and financial
performance of listed companies in Nairobi Securities
Exchange. This study adopted a descriptive
design. The sampling frame was drawn from
directories of the Nairobi Securities Exchange
Limited; consisting of all the 9 listed companies in
Kenya. The study used simple random sampling to
select 89 respondents since the study population was
homogenous. Both primary and secondary data was
used. After inspection, the data was coded and
analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics and
multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS.
Findings of the study showed that the effect of audit
quality on financial performance is positive and
significant. The impact of auditor size was also
positive and significant, although, its impact was
lesser that of auditor independence.
Hamed, Rohaida, Siti Zaleha, and Mohamed (2016)
examine the impact of audit qualit
performance for Malaysian listed companies for the
period of 2003 to 2012. In this study used audit fees
and audit firm rotation as proxies for audit quality.
Return on assets and Tobin’s q are used as measures
for firm performance. The study found that there is
insignificant relationship between audit quality
proxies (audit fees and audit firm rotation) and ROA.
They also found that an audit fee is significantly and
positively related to Tobin’s Q. However, audit firm
rotation is insignificantly related to Tobin’s Q.
Chen (2003) investigated the relationship between
Risk Based Internal Audit and corporate governance
structures. It was found that there existed a significant
positive relationship between the level of RBIA used
and corporate governance bank’s board size. The
findings of this study indicated a significant negative
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2018
monthly reports
tocks are traded in
the Nigerian Stock Exchange as at December 31,
2014. The research design utilized in this dissertation
is correlation research design. The investigator
adopted Jones (1991) modified model which provided
nt which is the
representation for quality of financial reporting. The
test of hypotheses and other breakdown of data were
empirically completed by SPSS statistic 22.0. The
outcomes of the study depicted that audit committee
t effect on earnings
sought to establish the
relationship between audit quality and financial
performance of listed companies in Nairobi Securities
Exchange. This study adopted a descriptive research
design. The sampling frame was drawn from
directories of the Nairobi Securities Exchange
Limited; consisting of all the 9 listed companies in
Kenya. The study used simple random sampling to
select 89 respondents since the study population was
genous. Both primary and secondary data was
used. After inspection, the data was coded and
analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics and
multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS.
Findings of the study showed that the effect of audit
nancial performance is positive and
significant. The impact of auditor size was also
positive and significant, although, its impact was
Hamed, Rohaida, Siti Zaleha, and Mohamed (2016)
examine the impact of audit quality on firm
performance for Malaysian listed companies for the
period of 2003 to 2012. In this study used audit fees
and audit firm rotation as proxies for audit quality.
Return on assets and Tobin’s q are used as measures
nd that there is
insignificant relationship between audit quality
proxies (audit fees and audit firm rotation) and ROA.
They also found that an audit fee is significantly and
positively related to Tobin’s Q. However, audit firm
related to Tobin’s Q.
Chen (2003) investigated the relationship between
Risk Based Internal Audit and corporate governance
structures. It was found that there existed a significant
positive relationship between the level of RBIA used
nce bank’s board size. The
findings of this study indicated a significant negative
correlation existed suggesting that a small board size
seems to be more effective, and is more likely to use
RBIA, as a complementary mechanism.
On contrary Krishnan, (2005) carried out an empirical
analysis on the role of risk based audit on internal
corporate governance and found that the percentage of
non-executive directors and supervisors on the board
of directors was significant negative associated with
the use of RBIA indicating that the higher level of
independent directors and supervisors on the board
presents better corporate governance, hence may not
employ higher percentage of RBIA for monitoring of
risk management.
Okibo and Kamau (2011) carried out a study to
explore internal auditors’ compliance with Quality
Assurance Standards: A case of state owned
corporations in Kenya and found out that there is
generally low compliance with quality assurance
standards among most internal audit units in state
owned corporations in Kenya. The research identified
some of the reasons that led to low compliance to
include; lack of awareness of standards; non
membership with IIA; non-adoption of IPPF; age and
experience of the internal audit department and
understanding of the quality assurance standards.
Woodland and Reynolds (2003) examined the
association between indirect measures of audit quality
and financial statement analysis using multivariate
regression analysis. They found that audit fees is
positively associated with financial statements but do
not find evidence that auditor size, tenure or industry
specialization are associated with audit quality in the
directions predicted. Their results provide new
evidence as to the current usefulness of these indirect
measures in predicting audit quality.
Abu Bakar et al., (2005) conducted a survey by
among 116 loan officers in Malaysia. The results
showed that 75.60 per cent of the respondents
indicated that the size of the audit firm did affect the
auditor independence and 74.
mentioned that the level of competition in the audit
service market influenced the auditor independence.
Furthermore, the results indicated that the provision of
MAS had a negative effect on the auditor
independence in Malaysia.
Nam (2011) examined the relationship between audit
fees as a proxy for auditor independence and audit
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Oct 2018 Page: 1240
correlation existed suggesting that a small board size
seems to be more effective, and is more likely to use
RBIA, as a complementary mechanism.
) carried out an empirical
analysis on the role of risk based audit on internal
corporate governance and found that the percentage of
executive directors and supervisors on the board
of directors was significant negative associated with
indicating that the higher level of
independent directors and supervisors on the board
presents better corporate governance, hence may not
employ higher percentage of RBIA for monitoring of
Okibo and Kamau (2011) carried out a study to
explore internal auditors’ compliance with Quality
Assurance Standards: A case of state owned
corporations in Kenya and found out that there is
generally low compliance with quality assurance
standards among most internal audit units in state
tions in Kenya. The research identified
some of the reasons that led to low compliance to
include; lack of awareness of standards; non-
adoption of IPPF; age and
experience of the internal audit department and
uality assurance standards.
Woodland and Reynolds (2003) examined the
association between indirect measures of audit quality
and financial statement analysis using multivariate
regression analysis. They found that audit fees is
financial statements but do
not find evidence that auditor size, tenure or industry
specialization are associated with audit quality in the
directions predicted. Their results provide new
evidence as to the current usefulness of these indirect
predicting audit quality.
Abu Bakar et al., (2005) conducted a survey by
among 116 loan officers in Malaysia. The results
showed that 75.60 per cent of the respondents
indicated that the size of the audit firm did affect the
auditor independence and 74.40 per cent of them
mentioned that the level of competition in the audit
service market influenced the auditor independence.
Furthermore, the results indicated that the provision of
MAS had a negative effect on the auditor
2011) examined the relationship between audit
fees as a proxy for auditor independence and audit
7. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
quality of firms in New Zealand. Employing three
multiple regression models for a sample of New
Zealand companies, his study discovered that the
provision of non-audit services by the auditors of a
firm comprises the auditor’s independence, abnormal
audit fee change rate is negatively associated with
audit quality and auditor’s independence of the
previous year impacts on the audit fee that is
negotiated in the current year.
Abu, Okpeh and Okpe (2016) study the influence of
Board Characteristics on the Financial Performance of
listed deposit money banks in Nigeria for the period
of 2005-2014. The total number of listed deposit
money banks as at 31st December, 2014 are seventeen
(17) out of which a sample of fifteen (15) were used
for the study. Multiple regressions were used for the
analysis of data collected from secondary source
through the annual reports and accounts of the
sampled banks. Findings revealed th
director is significantly and positively correlated or
influenced the Performance of deposit money bank,
while the grey director have negative significant
effect on the Performance of deposit money banks in
Nigeria. Other variables such as execu
independent non-executive director and women
director have no significant impact on banks
performance in Nigeria.
Bogale (2016) examine the determinants of external
audit quality proxy by discretionary (abnormal)
accrual based on audit firm specific and company
related attributes in Ethiopian manufacturing share
companies. The study adopted quantitative method of
research approaches to test a series of research
hypothesis. Specifically, the study used documentary
analysis of companies’ audited financial statements
and personal inquiry with audit directors/officials of
audit firms and company managers. The study
selected a sample of eighteen (18) companies for the
period of five years (2011-2015) with the total of 90
observations. The results of panel least square
regression analysis show that certified audit
professionals’ and joint provision of audit and non
audit services have statistically significant and
positive relationship with manufacturing share
companies’ external audit quality. On t
size of independent non-executive board members and
duality of chief executive officers has a negative and
statistically significant relationship with large
manufacturing shares’ external audit quality.
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2018
quality of firms in New Zealand. Employing three
multiple regression models for a sample of New
Zealand companies, his study discovered that the
audit services by the auditors of a
firm comprises the auditor’s independence, abnormal
audit fee change rate is negatively associated with
audit quality and auditor’s independence of the
previous year impacts on the audit fee that is
Abu, Okpeh and Okpe (2016) study the influence of
Board Characteristics on the Financial Performance of
listed deposit money banks in Nigeria for the period
2014. The total number of listed deposit
14 are seventeen
(17) out of which a sample of fifteen (15) were used
for the study. Multiple regressions were used for the
analysis of data collected from secondary source
through the annual reports and accounts of the
sampled banks. Findings revealed that foreign
director is significantly and positively correlated or
influenced the Performance of deposit money bank,
while the grey director have negative significant
effect on the Performance of deposit money banks in
Nigeria. Other variables such as executive director,
executive director and women
director have no significant impact on banks
examine the determinants of external
audit quality proxy by discretionary (abnormal)
specific and company
related attributes in Ethiopian manufacturing share
companies. The study adopted quantitative method of
research approaches to test a series of research
hypothesis. Specifically, the study used documentary
ed financial statements
and personal inquiry with audit directors/officials of
audit firms and company managers. The study
selected a sample of eighteen (18) companies for the
2015) with the total of 90
of panel least square
regression analysis show that certified audit
professionals’ and joint provision of audit and non-
audit services have statistically significant and
positive relationship with manufacturing share
companies’ external audit quality. On the other hand,
executive board members and
duality of chief executive officers has a negative and
statistically significant relationship with large
manufacturing shares’ external audit quality.
Yi-Fang, Lee-Wen, and Min-
the relative importance between service quality and
firm size in the performance determinants of audit
firms under different market segments and business
strategies. This study extracts a human capital
service quality by the principal co
technique. In terms of market segment, total samples
are divided into national, regional, and local audit
firms. Further, based on the business strategies audit
firms take, regional and local firms are classified into
two categories: stability and expansion type firms.
Empirical results indicate that service quality is a
more important performance determinant than firm
size in the national firms.
However, few studies have examined the significant
measures of audit quality and those of fin
performance of deposit money banks in developing
economies such as Nigeria. This study is expected to
fill an existing gap in knowledge by examining the
effect of audit quality on the performance of quoted
deposit money banks in Nigeria.
METHODOLOGY
Research Design
Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the
study. This is appropriate because the study aims at
measuring the relationship between one variable and
another, in which the variables involved are not
manipulated by the researcher.
Population of the Study
This study makes use of deposit money banks quoted
on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study covered
eight years annual reports and accounts of these
companies from 2009 to 2016. The banks are as
Access bank plc, Diamond ban
FCMB plc, GTB plc, Zenith bank plc, Sterling bank
plc, UBA plc, Fidelity bank plc,
Unity bank plc, Eco bank plc,
bank plc and Stanbic IBTC.
Method of Data Analysis
The data for the study was colle
reports and accounts of deposit money banks
on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). The
independent variable is audit quality (AQ).
Audit Quality (AUDQUA) = proxy using Audit
Committee Size (ACSIZ) = proxy using the number
of members in the audit committee
those chosen from among the board of directors
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Oct 2018 Page: 1241
-Ning (2015) investigate
the relative importance between service quality and
firm size in the performance determinants of audit
firms under different market segments and business
strategies. This study extracts a human capital-based
service quality by the principal component analysis
technique. In terms of market segment, total samples
are divided into national, regional, and local audit
firms. Further, based on the business strategies audit
firms take, regional and local firms are classified into
lity and expansion type firms.
Empirical results indicate that service quality is a
more important performance determinant than firm
However, few studies have examined the significant
measures of audit quality and those of financial
performance of deposit money banks in developing
economies such as Nigeria. This study is expected to
fill an existing gap in knowledge by examining the
effect of audit quality on the performance of quoted
deposit money banks in Nigeria.
post facto research design was adopted for the
study. This is appropriate because the study aims at
measuring the relationship between one variable and
another, in which the variables involved are not
rcher.
This study makes use of deposit money banks quoted
on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. The study covered
eight years annual reports and accounts of these
companies from 2009 to 2016. The banks are as
Diamond bank plc, First bank plc,
Zenith bank plc, Sterling bank
UBA plc, Fidelity bank plc, Wema bank plc,
Eco bank plc, Union bank plc, Skye
The data for the study was collected from annual
deposit money banks quoted
on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE). The
independent variable is audit quality (AQ).
Audit Quality (AUDQUA) = proxy using Audit
Committee Size (ACSIZ) = proxy using the number
members in the audit committee. It consists of
those chosen from among the board of directors
8. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
whose responsibility is to ensure that auditors’
independence is kept. Audit Committee Independence
(ACIND) = proxy using the proportion of non
directors on the board. While the financial
performance as the dependent variable was proxy
using return on equity (ROE).
The logistic regression for this study takes the form:
ROA = β0 + β1AUDCSIZ + β2ACINDε……………………………………………..i
ROA = β0 + β1AUDCSIZ ε…………………………………………………....…..…ii
ROA = β0 + β2ACIND ε…………………………………………………..………....iii
Where:
AUDCSIZ = audit committee size.
ACIND= audit committee independence.
FINPFM = financial performance proxy by Return on equity.
ANALYSIS OF DATA
Test of Hypotheses Formulated
Model R R Square
1 .141a
.020
a. Predictors: (Constant), AUDIND, AUDSZE
Model Sum of Squares
Regression
Residual
Total
a. Dependent Variable: FINPERM
b. Predictors: (Constant), AUDIND, AUDSZE
Model
Unstandardized Coefficients
B
(Constant)
AUDSZE
AUDIND
.084
-.011
.000
a. Dependent Variable: FINPERM
Table 1 above shows that the Model revealed the
value of R2
= 0.020 and Adjusted R2
value is .003 this
suggests that the model explains about 2% of the
systematic variations in the dependent variab
means that the regression explains 2% of the variance
in the data. In table 2, it reveals that the F
and p-value (0.320) indicates that the hypotheses of a
statistically significant linear relationship between the
dependent and independent variables cannot be
rejected at 5% level. In table 3, the regressed
coefficient correlation result shows that an evaluation
of the financial performance of the explanatory
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2018
whose responsibility is to ensure that auditors’
independence is kept. Audit Committee Independence
(ACIND) = proxy using the proportion of non-
oard. While the financial
performance as the dependent variable was proxy
Model Specification
The hypotheses formulated for this study were tested
with the use of logistic regression. This was used to
examine the relationship between dependent and
independent variables.
The logistic regression for this study takes the form:
ROA = β0 + β1AUDCSIZ + β2ACINDε……………………………………………..i
ROA = β0 + β1AUDCSIZ ε…………………………………………………....…..…ii
ROA = β0 + β2ACIND ε…………………………………………………..………....iii
ACIND= audit committee independence.
FINPFM = financial performance proxy by Return on equity.
Table 1: Model Summary
R Square Adjusted R Square Std. Error of the Estimate
.020 .003 .032560
Predictors: (Constant), AUDIND, AUDSZE
Table 2: ANOVAa
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
.002
.121
.123
2
114
116
.001
.001
1.151 .320
(Constant), AUDIND, AUDSZE
Table 3: Coefficientsa
Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized Coefficients
Std. Error Beta
.043
.007
.001
-.143
-.017
1.937
-
Table 1 above shows that the Model revealed the
value is .003 this
suggests that the model explains about 2% of the
systematic variations in the dependent variable. This
means that the regression explains 2% of the variance
in the data. In table 2, it reveals that the F-stat (1.151)
value (0.320) indicates that the hypotheses of a
statistically significant linear relationship between the
ndent variables cannot be
rejected at 5% level. In table 3, the regressed
coefficient correlation result shows that an evaluation
of the financial performance of the explanatory
variable (Beta Column) shows that audit quality is
positive and significant (Sig.= 1.050). Therefore audit
quality has a significant effect on financial
performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria.
Based on this, we reject null hypotheses and accept
alternative with state that audit quality has effect on
financial performance using return on equity of
deposit money banks in Nigeria.
Discussion of Findings
From the results, audit quality (audit committee audit
committee independence) has significant effects on
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
Oct 2018 Page: 1242
The hypotheses formulated for this study were tested
with the use of logistic regression. This was used to
ship between dependent and
Estimate
Sig.
.320b
t Sig.
1.937
-1.511
-.176
.055
.134
.861
variable (Beta Column) shows that audit quality is
ig.= 1.050). Therefore audit
quality has a significant effect on financial
performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria.
Based on this, we reject null hypotheses and accept
alternative with state that audit quality has effect on
g return on equity of
deposit money banks in Nigeria.
From the results, audit quality (audit committee audit
committee independence) has significant effects on
9. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
@ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com
the performance of quoted Nigerian deposit money
banks. This result is in line with Ziaee (2014) who
found that audit quality could affect the financial
performance of companies. Also with Bouaziz (2012)
result shows that auditor size has an important impact
on the financial performance of firms in terms of
return on assets and return on equity. Miettinen
(2011) shows that audit quality has both a direct effect
as well as a mediated effect through audit size on
financial performance. Zureigat (2010) shows a
significant positive relationship between audit quality
and financial structure. Matoke and Omwenga
findings indicate that the effect of audit quality on
financial performance is positive and significant.
Okpeh and Okpe (2016) findings show that foreign
director is significantly and positively correlated or
influenced the Performance of deposit money bank.
In contrary, Temple, Ofurum and Egbe (2016)
indicate that audit committee “independence has no
significant effect on earnings management in quoted
Nigerian banks.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
This research work investigates the effect of audit
quality on the financial performance of deposit money
banks in Nigeria. The study provides empirical
evidence of this effect within the Nigerian context.
Findings from the study revealed that there is a
significant positive effect between audit quality
financial performance indices. The control variables;
audit committee independence, audit reputation and
firm size were found to be positively related to
financial performance. This shows that the greater the
degree of an auditors independence, the greater the
propensity of a firm making substantial net profit
margins.
Based on the findings of the study, the researcher
recommends the followings:
Banks should make use of the services of audit firms
with unquestionable track records as it concerns audit
quality and audit reputation, one whose character and
integrity is beyond question.
Reference
1. Abu, S. O., Okpeh, A. J. & Okpe, U.J. (2016).
Board characteristics and financial performance of
deposit money banks in Nigeria.
Journal of Business and Social Science 7(9);
September 2016 159
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456
www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct 2018
the performance of quoted Nigerian deposit money
in line with Ziaee (2014) who
found that audit quality could affect the financial
Bouaziz (2012)
result shows that auditor size has an important impact
on the financial performance of firms in terms of
nd return on equity. Miettinen
(2011) shows that audit quality has both a direct effect
as well as a mediated effect through audit size on
financial performance. Zureigat (2010) shows a
significant positive relationship between audit quality
Matoke and Omwenga (2016)
findings indicate that the effect of audit quality on
financial performance is positive and significant. Abu,
Okpeh and Okpe (2016) findings show that foreign
director is significantly and positively correlated or
enced the Performance of deposit money bank.
In contrary, Temple, Ofurum and Egbe (2016)
indicate that audit committee “independence has no
significant effect on earnings management in quoted
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
work investigates the effect of audit
quality on the financial performance of deposit money
banks in Nigeria. The study provides empirical
evidence of this effect within the Nigerian context.
Findings from the study revealed that there is a
itive effect between audit quality
financial performance indices. The control variables;
audit committee independence, audit reputation and
firm size were found to be positively related to
financial performance. This shows that the greater the
auditors independence, the greater the
propensity of a firm making substantial net profit
Based on the findings of the study, the researcher
Banks should make use of the services of audit firms
ck records as it concerns audit
quality and audit reputation, one whose character and
Abu, S. O., Okpeh, A. J. & Okpe, U.J. (2016).
Board characteristics and financial performance of
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