The document provides information on relative clauses in English grammar: 1. It defines adjective clauses as clauses that modify nouns and defines relative clauses as a type of adjective clause. 2. It explains that relative clauses can be introduced by relative pronouns like who, whom, whose, which, that or by dropping the pronoun. 3. Examples are given to illustrate the different types of relative pronouns and how they are used depending on if they modify the subject, object or other parts of the sentence. 4. Guidelines are provided on when relative pronouns can be dropped and how to simplify complex relative clauses.

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UNIT 5 Grammar: Relative clause

2. 2Grammar
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Adjective / Relative clause
Тэмдэг нэрийн гишүүн өгүүлбэр
Adjective Тэмдэг нэр
Надад улаан машин бий. I have a red car.
Тэр хөөрхөн бүсгүй. She is a pretty woman.
Тэр баян залуу. He is a rich man.
Adjective clause Тэмдэг нэрийн гишүүн өгүүлбэр
Аавын минь надад авч өгсөн машин
одоо их хуучирсан.
The car which my father bought to me is now very old.
Түүний ширтээд байгаа эмэгтэй их
үзэсгэлэнтэй юм.
The woman who he is staring at is very beautiful.
Би тэр Хятадаас ирсэн эмэгтэйд дургүй. I don’t like the woman who is from China.

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§§§ Тэмдэг нэр, тэмдэг нэрийн гишүүн өгүүлбэр хоёулаа тухайн өгүүлбэр дэх нэр
үгсийг тодруулна.
§§§ Тэмдэг нэр нь Англи болон Монгол хэлний аль алинд нь тодруулж буй нэр
үгийнхээ өмнө нь ордог.
§§§ Харин тэмдэг нэрийн гишүүн өгүүлбэр нь:
Монгол хэлнээ тодруулж буй нэр үгийнхээ өмнө;
Англи хэлнээ тодруулж буй нэр үгийнхээ хойно нь орно.
§§§ Англи хэлний тэмдэг нэрийн гишүүн өгүүлбэр нь Subject - ийгаа тодруулж байгаа
бол өгүүлбэрийнхээ дунд, Object болон Modifier - ийг тодруулж буй бол өгүүлбэрийнхээ
төгсгөлд байна.
The manager who can speak English is going to be promoted.
subject
She didn’t mention about the money which I borrowed her last month.
object
I was born in UB, which is the capital city of Mongolia.
mod.

4. 2Grammar
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Nouns Linkers Examples
people or pets who
(whom, whose)
John was a teacher who taught us English in our
elementary school.
Blackie was a swaybacked horse who was a well
known fixture in Tiburon, California.
things or animals which She is carrying the bag which I gave her as a
birthday present.
place where We arrived at the hotel where the crowds were
waiting.
time when That was the day when we met at the first time.
reason why I don’t know the reason why she told us a lie.
§§§ Дээрх бүх тохиолдлуудад “that” холбоосыг ярианы хэлэнд хэрэглэж болно.
Бичгийн хэлэнд харин зөвшөөрдөгггүй.

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§§§ Мөн why болон whose -ээс бусад бүх холбоосуудыг гээж болно:
The woman who said hello to me was the president of the company →
The woman said hello to me was the president of the company.
§§§ Холбоосын ард to be байгаа тохиолдолд, холбоосыг гээх бол to be - г нь заавал хамт гээнэ:
The man who was driving the black Pruise was so crazy→
The man driving the black Pruise was so crazy.
The students who are in the English auditorium /ˌɔ·dɪˈtɔr·i·əm/ are my students→
The students in the English auditorium are my students.
John Kennedy, who was the popular US president, was known for his inspirational speeches→
John Kennedy, the popular US president, was known for his inspirational speeches.
Reduction of Relative clause

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Whom, whose - ийн хэрэглээ
whom
I know the girl whom you were dancing with.
She talked about the man whom you were also talking
about.
The girl whom he was asking about had just left.
You were dancing with her.
You were also talking about
him.
He was asking about the girl.
§§§ Гишүүн өгүүлбэрийнхээ object - ийг орлож байгаа үед хэрэглэнэ.
Энэ нь бичгийн хэрэглээ бөгөөд ярианд зүгээр who-г хэрэглэж болно.
whose
She is the woman whose daughter won the
competition.
The boy whose cell phone was stolen is feeling
miserable.
§§§ whose –ийг амьгүй зүйл дээр мөн хэрэглэнэ:
We are discarding the tables whose legs are broken.
Her daughter won the
competition.
His cell phone was stolen.
Their legs are broken.
§§§ Тухайн хүн болон зүйлд харьяалагдаж байгаа зүйлээр нь тодруулан ярихад
хэрэглэнэ.

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