This document provides an introduction to the EE 469 Operating Systems Engineering course. It discusses the importance of operating systems for applications like computer graphics, and provides definitions and history of operating systems. Key points covered include the roles of operating systems in resource allocation and control, the evolution from batch to time-sharing systems, and different types of systems like parallel, real-time, and distributed systems.
This presentation file was made in order to complete our class assignment by me and my group. This file consists of a brief introduction of operating system, hardware review and OS evolution and types of OS. The images in the slides were taken from google and the slides are based on the book Operating System Concepts, Silberschatz , Galvina and Gagne
This presentation file was made in order to complete our class assignment by me and my group. This file consists of a brief introduction of operating system, hardware review and OS evolution and types of OS. The images in the slides were taken from google and the slides are based on the book Operating System Concepts, Silberschatz , Galvina and Gagne
Through this PPT you may learned about Operating System, Types of OS, History of OS, Operating System Software, Gives detailed information about Device Management, Memory Management, File Management
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Through this PPT you may learned about Operating System, Types of OS, History of OS, Operating System Software, Gives detailed information about Device Management, Memory Management, File Management
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
1. EE 469 Operating Systems Engineering
Introduction to Operating
Systems
Spring 2001
David S. Ebert
2. EE 469: Operating Systems Engineering
What’s this course about?
• A) Design of operating rooms
• B) Some boring computer
software you used to have to
know in the dark ages
• C) Important component of
every computer system that
every computer engineer and
programmer should understand
3. Why Do We Care About Operating
Systems?
Why do I care about Operating Systems since I do
research in photorealistic graphics, modeling natural
phenomena, real-time graphics and visualization?
4. Examples of Graphics Problems
Pixar animation (e.g., Toy Story, Monsters Inc. )
• avg, 20 min /frame, 24 frame / s, 80 minutes = 38400 minutes to computer the
final animation = 26.67 days on 1 machine
• They use a huge rendering farm of thousands of processors
Medical / Scientific Visualization - 100 Gb to terabytes of data
• want to generate images accurately and FAST
• interface with special purpose hardware
3D Displays - image inside a 3D cube - need 120 Gb/sec to drive display
VR systems
• special purpose hardware, sometime home-made
• fixed interaction time constraint 10-30 frames per second or motion
sickness
Computer Games - see next slide
5. Why Do We Care About Operating
Systems?
Enables the development of efficient programs
• Example Program and output
You may have to develop for a system without a high-
level interface
• Example: Sony PlayStation 2
8. Some Performance Numbers for PS2
295 Mhz Emotion Engine, 6.2 GFlops, 128-bit processor
147 Mhz Rasterizer
25 million polys / second
2 Vector processing units, 1 scalar processing unit
All data transfer is DMA controlled
Most games programmed controlling all the components
directly from the game with system calls
9. What is an Operating System?
Definition 1: A program that acts as an intermediary between a
user of a computer and the computer hardware.
Definition 2: A control program - controls the execution of user
programs to prevent errors and improper use of resources
Operating system goals:
• Convenience
– Execute user programs and make solving user problems
easier.
– Make the computer system convenient to use.
• Use the computer hardware in an efficient manner.
10. Computer System Components
1. Hardware – provides basic computing resources
(CPU, memory, I/O devices).
2. Operating system – controls and coordinates the
use of the hardware among the various application
programs for the various users.
3. Applications programs – define the ways in which
the system resources are used to solve the computing
problems of the users (compilers, database systems,
video games, business programs).
(4.) Users (people, machines, other computers).
12. Operating System Definitions
Resource allocator – manages and allocates
resources.
Control program – controls the execution of user
programs and operations of I/O devices .
Kernel – the one program running at all times (all else
being application programs)
13. Basic Function of an O.S.
Resource Allocation
• CPU (scheduling)
• Memory (management)
• File Storage (management)
• Devices (management)
14. History of Operating Systems
I. Sequential Execution
• Bare Computer
– hands on, user did everything themselves
• Libraries
– device drivers and common routings
• Batch O.S. - first rudimentary O.S.
• Offline Processing
II. Overlap CPU Processing and I/O
III. Give up Some Efficiency for Convenience
15. Batch Operating Systems
First rudimentary operating system
Hire an operator, User operator
Add a card reader
Reduce setup time by batching similar jobs
Automatic job sequencing – automatically transfers
control from one job to another.
Resident monitor - always in memory
• initial control in monitor
• control transfers to job
• when job completes control transfers back to monitor
• 3 Parts - loader, job sequencer, control card interpreter
17. Batch O.S.
Faster than no OS - more efficient operation
Less convenience or more? - not hands on, but don’t
have to wait for your turn to work the computer
Problem: Slow Performance – I/O and CPU could not
overlap ; card reader very slow.
18. Solution: Off-line Processing
Process input to faster device
More efficient use of CPU
Device Independence - program uses logical devices, not
physical devices
Overlap of I/O and CPU Processing
• specialized card readers and printers
• satellite processing - small computer does transfer from/to mag
tape or disk
Turnaround time worse
19. Overlap CPU Processing and I/O
Architecture support needed:
• Interrupt -initiated I/O
• DMA
Several Types
• Buffering
• Spooling
• Multiprogramming
20. Buffering
Overlap I/O of job with its execution
• After CPU reads info from buffer, input device begins next input
immediately
• Doesn’t wait for CPU to initiate it
I/O bound jobs
• Input buffer always empty and/or output buffer always full
CPU bound jobs
• Input buffer always full and/or output buffer always empty
Still used heavily today
21. Spooling (Simultaneous Peripheral
Operation On-Line)
Overlap I/O of one job with computation of another
(many) job(s).
While executing one job, the O.S.
• Reads next job from card reader into a storage area on
the disk (job queue).
• Outputs printout of previous job from disk to printer.
CPU & I/O Utilization much higher
Job pool – data structure that allows the OS to
select which job to run next in order to increase
CPU utilization. => Job Scheduling
22. Multiprogramming
Job scheduling allows multiprogramming
Greatly increases CPU Utilization
• Can have cpu always executing a job
Several jobs in memory
• execute 1, when it has to wait for I/O, start
another one
As long as there is a job to execute, CPU will
never be idle
CPU Scheduling Needed:
• Fair
• Avoid Starvation
Memory Management also needed:
• Fair
• Secure
23. Time-Sharing Systems–Interactive
Computing
User Interaction is the key
Give each user the illusion that she has full use of the
entire machine.
Job Switching
• The CPU is multiplexed among several jobs that are kept in
memory and on disk (the CPU is allocated to a job only if the job
is in memory).
• A job is swapped in and out of memory to the disk.
• Put limit on how long each job can use CPU before a job switch
occurs
OS does more work without an increase in efficiency
Extension to multiprogramming
24. Personal-Computer Systems
Personal computers – computer system dedicated to a
single user.
I/O devices – keyboards, mice, display screens, small
printers.
User convenience and responsiveness.
Can adopt technology developed for larger operating
system
Often individuals have sole use of computer and do not
need advanced CPU utilization of protection features.
26. Parallel Systems
Multiprocessor systems with more than one CPU in close
communication.
Tightly coupled system – processors share memory and
a clock; communication usually takes place through the
shared memory.
Advantages of parallel system:
• Increased throughput
• Economical
• Increased reliability
– graceful degradation
– fail-soft systems
27. Parallel Systems (Cont.)
Symmetric multiprocessing (SMP)
• Each processor runs an identical copy of the operating
system.
• Many processes can run at once without performance
deterioration.
• Most modern operating systems support SMP
Asymmetric multiprocessing
• Each processor is assigned a specific task; master processor
schedules and allocates work to slave processors.
• More common in extremely large systems
29. Real-Time Systems
Often used as a control device
• in a dedicated application such as controlling scientific
experiments, medical imaging, industrial control, etc.
Well-defined fixed-time constraints.
Hard real-time system.
• Secondary storage limited or absent, data stored in short-term
memory, or read-only memory (ROM)
• Conflicts with time-sharing systems, not supported by general-
purpose operating systems.
Soft real-time system
• Limited utility in industrial control or robotics
• Useful in applications (multimedia, virtual reality) requiring
advanced operating-system features.
30. Distributed Systems
Distribute the computation among several physical
processors.
Loosely coupled system –
• Each processor has its own local memory
• Processors communicate with one another through various
communications lines, such as high-speed buses or telephone
lines.
Advantages of distributed systems.
• Resources Sharing
• Computation speed up – load sharing
• Reliability
• Communications
31. Distributed Systems (Cont.)
Network Operating System
• provides file sharing
• provides communication scheme
• runs independently from other computers on the network
Distributed Operating System
• less autonomy between computers
• gives the impression there is a single operating system
controlling the network.